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Who is at risk for Bronchiectasis? ? | People who have conditions that damage the lungs or increase the risk of lung infections are at risk for bronchiectasis. Such conditions include:
Cystic fibrosis. This disease leads to almost half of the cases of bronchiectasis in the United States.
Immunodeficiency disorders, such as ... | Bronchiectasis |
What are the symptoms of Bronchiectasis ? | The initial airway damage that leads to bronchiectasis often begins in childhood. However, signs and symptoms may not appear until months or even years after you start having repeated lung infections.
The most common signs and symptoms of bronchiectasis are:
A daily cough that occurs o... | Bronchiectasis |
How to diagnose Bronchiectasis ? | Your doctor may suspect bronchiectasis if you have a daily cough that produces large amounts of sputum (spit).
To find out whether you have bronchiectasis, your doctor may recommend tests to:
Identify any underlying causes that require treatment
Rule out other causes o... | Bronchiectasis |
What are the treatments for Bronchiectasis ? | Bronchiectasis often is treated with medicines, hydration, and chest physical therapy (CPT). Your doctor may recommend surgery if the bronchiectasis is isolated to a section of lung or you have a lot of bleeding.
If the bronchiectasis is widespread and causing respiratory failure, your doctor may recom... | Bronchiectasis |
How to prevent Bronchiectasis ? | To prevent bronchiectasis, it's important to prevent the lung infections and lung damage that can cause it.
Childhood vaccines for measles and whooping cough prevent infections related to these illnesses. These vaccines also reduce complications from these infections, such as bronchiectasis.
... | Bronchiectasis |
What is (are) Oxygen Therapy ? | Oxygen therapy is a treatment that provides you with extra oxygen, a gas that your body needs to work well. Normally, your lungs absorb oxygen from the air. However, some diseases and conditions can prevent you from getting enough oxygen.
Oxygen therapy may help you function better and be more active. ... | Oxygen Therapy |
What is the outlook for Oxygen Therapy ? | During an emergencysuch as a serious accident, possible heart attack, or other life-threatening eventyou might be started on oxygen therapy right away.
Otherwise, your doctor will decide whether you need oxygen therapy based on test results. An arterial blood gas test and a pulse oximetry test can meas... | Oxygen Therapy |
What is the outlook for Oxygen Therapy ? | During an emergencysuch as a serious accident, possible heart attack, or other life-threatening eventyou might be started on oxygen therapy right away.
While you're in the hospital, your doctor will check on you to make sure you're getting the right amount of oxygen. Nurses or respiratory therapists al... | Oxygen Therapy |
Who is at risk for Oxygen Therapy? ? | Oxygen therapy can cause complications and side effects. These problems might include a dry or bloody nose, skin irritation from the nasal cannula or face mask, fatigue (tiredness), and morning headaches.
If these problems persist, tell your doctor and home equipment provider. Depending on the problem,... | Oxygen Therapy |
What is (are) Polycythemia Vera ? | Polycythemia vera (POL-e-si-THEE-me-ah VAY-rah or VE-rah), or PV, is a rare blood disease in which your body makes too many red blood cells.
The extra red blood cells make your blood thicker than normal. As a result, blood clots can form more easily. These clots can block blood flow through your arteri... | Polycythemia Vera |
What causes Polycythemia Vera ? | Primary Polycythemia
Polycythemia vera (PV) also is known as primary polycythemia. A mutation, or change, in the body's JAK2 gene is the main cause of PV. The JAK2 gene makes a protein that helps the body produce blood cells.
What causes the change in the JAK2 gene isn't known. PV gene... | Polycythemia Vera |
Who is at risk for Polycythemia Vera? ? | Polycythemia vera (PV) is a rare blood disease. The disease affects people of all ages, but it's most common in adults who are older than 60. PV is rare in children and young adults. Men are at slightly higher risk for PV than women. | Polycythemia Vera |
What are the symptoms of Polycythemia Vera ? | Polycythemia vera (PV) develops slowly. The disease may not cause signs or symptoms for years.
When signs and symptoms are present, they're the result of the thick blood that occurs with PV. This thickness slows the flow of oxygen-rich blood to all parts of your body. Without enough oxygen, many parts ... | Polycythemia Vera |
How to diagnose Polycythemia Vera ? | Polycythemia vera (PV) may not cause signs or symptoms for years. The disease often is found during routine blood tests done for other reasons. If the results of your blood tests aren't normal, your doctor may want to do more tests.
Your doctor will diagnose PV based on your signs and symptoms, your ag... | Polycythemia Vera |
What are the treatments for Polycythemia Vera ? | Polycythemia vera (PV) doesn't have a cure. However, treatments can help control the disease and its complications. PV is treated with procedures, medicines, and other methods. You may need one or more treatments to manage the disease.
Goals of Treatment
The goals of treating PV are to... | Polycythemia Vera |
How to prevent Polycythemia Vera ? | Primary polycythemia (polycythemia vera) can't be prevented. However, with proper treatment, you can prevent or delay symptoms and complications.
Sometimes you can prevent secondary polycythemia by avoiding things that deprive your body of oxygen for long periods. For example, you can avoid mountain cl... | Polycythemia Vera |
What is (are) Childhood Interstitial Lung Disease ? | Childhood interstitial (in-ter-STISH-al) lung disease, or chILD, is a broad term for a group of rare lung diseases that can affect babies, children, and teens. These diseases have some similar symptoms, such as chronic cough, rapid breathing, and shortness of breath.
These diseases also harm the lungs ... | Childhood Interstitial Lung Disease |
What causes Childhood Interstitial Lung Disease ? | Researchers don't yet know all of the causes of childhood interstitial lung disease (chILD). Many times, these diseases have no clear cause.
Some conditions and factors that may cause or lead to chILD include:
Inherited conditions, such as surfactant disorders. Surfactant is a liquid t... | Childhood Interstitial Lung Disease |
Who is at risk for Childhood Interstitial Lung Disease? ? | Childhood interstitial lung disease (chILD) is rare. Most children are not at risk for chILD. However, some factors increase the risk of developing chILD. These risk factors include:
Having a family history of interstitial lung disease or chILD.
Having an inherited surfactant disorder ... | Childhood Interstitial Lung Disease |
What are the symptoms of Childhood Interstitial Lung Disease ? | Childhood interstitial lung disease (chILD) has many signs and symptoms because the disease has many forms. Signs and symptoms may include:
Fast breathing, which also is called tachypnea (tak-ip-NE-ah)
Labored breathing, which also is called respiratory distress
Low ox... | Childhood Interstitial Lung Disease |
How to diagnose Childhood Interstitial Lung Disease ? | Doctors diagnose childhood interstitial lung disease (chILD) based on a child's medical and family histories and the results from tests and procedures. To diagnose chILD, doctors may first need to rule out other diseases as the cause of a child's symptoms.
Early diagnosis of chILD may help doctors stop... | Childhood Interstitial Lung Disease |
What are the treatments for Childhood Interstitial Lung Disease ? | Childhood interstitial lung disease (chILD) is rare, and little research has been done on how to treat it. At this time, chILD has no cure. However, some children who have certain diseases, such as neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy, may slowly improve over time.
Current treatment approaches in... | Childhood Interstitial Lung Disease |
How to prevent Childhood Interstitial Lung Disease ? | At this time, most types of childhood interstitial lung disease (chILD) can't be prevented. People who have a family history of inherited (genetic) interstitial lung disease may want to consider genetic counseling. A counselor can explain the risk of children inheriting chILD.
You and your child can ta... | Childhood Interstitial Lung Disease |
What is (are) Pleurisy and Other Pleural Disorders ? | Pleurisy (PLUR-ih-se) is a condition in which the pleura is inflamed. The pleura is a membrane that consists of two large, thin layers of tissue. One layer wraps around the outside of your lungs. The other layer lines the inside of your chest cavity.
Between the layers of tissue is a very thin space ca... | Pleurisy and Other Pleural Disorders |
What causes Pleurisy and Other Pleural Disorders ? | Pleurisy
Many conditions can cause pleurisy. Viral infections are likely the most common cause. Other causes of pleurisy include:
Bacterial infections, such as pneumonia (nu-MO-ne-ah) and tuberculosis, and infections from fungi or parasites
Pulmonary embolism, a blood ... | Pleurisy and Other Pleural Disorders |
What are the symptoms of Pleurisy and Other Pleural Disorders ? | Pleurisy
The main symptom of pleurisy is a sharp or stabbing pain in your chest that gets worse when you breathe in deeply or cough or sneeze.
The pain may stay in one place or it may spread to your shoulders or back. Sometimes the pain becomes a fairly constant dull ache.
... | Pleurisy and Other Pleural Disorders |
How to diagnose Pleurisy and Other Pleural Disorders ? | Your doctor will diagnose pleurisy or another pleural disorder based on your medical history, a physical exam, and test results.
Your doctor will want to rule out other causes of your symptoms. He or she also will want to find the underlying cause of the pleurisy or other pleural disorder so it can be ... | Pleurisy and Other Pleural Disorders |
What are the treatments for Pleurisy and Other Pleural Disorders ? | Pleurisy and other pleural disorders are treated with procedures, medicines, and other methods. The goals of treatment include:
Relieving symptoms
Removing the fluid, air, or blood from the pleural space (if a large amount is present)
Treating the underlying condition
... | Pleurisy and Other Pleural Disorders |
What is (are) Pulmonary Hypertension ? | Pulmonary hypertension (PULL-mun-ary HI-per-TEN-shun), or PH, is increased pressure in the pulmonary arteries. These arteries carry blood from your heart to your lungs to pick up oxygen.
PH causes symptoms such as shortness of breath during routine activity (for example, climbing two flights of stairs)... | Pulmonary Hypertension |
What causes Pulmonary Hypertension ? | Pulmonary hypertension (PH) begins with inflammation and changes in the cells that line your pulmonary arteries. Other factors also can affect the pulmonary arteries and cause PH. For example, the condition may develop if:
The walls of the arteries tighten.
The walls of the arteries ar... | Pulmonary Hypertension |
Who is at risk for Pulmonary Hypertension? ? | The exact number of people who have pulmonary hypertension (PH) isn't known.
Group 1 pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) without a known cause is rare. It affects women more often than men. People who have group 1 PAH tend to be overweight.
PH that occurs with another disease or cond... | Pulmonary Hypertension |
What are the symptoms of Pulmonary Hypertension ? | Signs and symptoms of pulmonary hypertension (PH) may include:
Shortness of breath during routine activity, such as climbing two flights of stairs
Tiredness
Chest pain
A racing heartbeat
Pain on the upper right side of the abdomen
... | Pulmonary Hypertension |
How to diagnose Pulmonary Hypertension ? | Your doctor will diagnose pulmonary hypertension (PH) based on your medical and family histories, a physical exam, and the results from tests and procedures.
PH can develop slowly. In fact, you may have it for years and not know it. This is because the condition has no early signs or symptoms.
... | Pulmonary Hypertension |
What are the treatments for Pulmonary Hypertension ? | Pulmonary hypertension (PH) has no cure. However, treatment may help relieve symptoms and slow the progress of the disease.
PH is treated with medicines, procedures, and other therapies. Treatment will depend on what type of PH you have and its severity. (For more information, go to "Types of Pulmonary... | Pulmonary Hypertension |
What is (are) Thrombocytopenia ? | Thrombocytopenia (THROM-bo-si-to-PE-ne-ah) is a condition in which your blood has a lower than normal number of blood cell fragments called platelets (PLATE-lets).
Platelets are made in your bone marrow along with other kinds of blood cells. They travel through your blood vessels and stick together (cl... | Thrombocytopenia |
What causes Thrombocytopenia ? | Many factors can cause thrombocytopenia (a low platelet count). The condition can be inherited or acquired. "Inherited" means your parents pass the gene for the condition to you. "Acquired" means you aren't born with the condition, but you develop it. Sometimes the cause of thrombocytopenia isn't known.
... | Thrombocytopenia |
Who is at risk for Thrombocytopenia? ? | People who are at highest risk for thrombocytopenia are those affected by one of the conditions or factors discussed in "What Causes Thrombocytopenia?" This includes people who:
Have certain types of cancer, aplastic anemia, or autoimmune diseases
Are exposed to certain toxic chemicals... | Thrombocytopenia |
What are the symptoms of Thrombocytopenia ? | Mild to serious bleeding causes the main signs and symptoms of thrombocytopenia. Bleeding can occur inside your body (internal bleeding) or underneath your skin or from the surface of your skin (external bleeding).
Signs and symptoms can appear suddenly or over time. Mild thrombocytopenia often has no ... | Thrombocytopenia |
How to diagnose Thrombocytopenia ? | Your doctor will diagnose thrombocytopenia based on your medical history, a physical exam, and test results. A hematologist also may be involved in your care. This is a doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating blood diseases and conditions.
Once thrombocytopenia is diagnosed, your doctor will ... | Thrombocytopenia |
What are the treatments for Thrombocytopenia ? | Treatment for thrombocytopenia depends on its cause and severity. The main goal of treatment is to prevent death and disability caused by bleeding.
If your condition is mild, you may not need treatment. A fully normal platelet count isn't necessary to prevent bleeding, even with severe cuts or accident... | Thrombocytopenia |
How to prevent Thrombocytopenia ? | Whether you can prevent thrombocytopenia depends on its specific cause. Usually the condition can't be prevented. However, you can take steps to prevent health problems associated with thrombocytopenia. For example:
Avoid heavy drinking. Alcohol slows the production of platelets.
Try t... | Thrombocytopenia |
What is (are) Peripheral Artery Disease ? | Peripheral artery disease (P.A.D.) is a disease in which plaque builds up in the arteries that carry blood to your head, organs, and limbs. Plaque is made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium, fibrous tissue, and other substances in the blood.
When plaque builds up in the body's arteries, the condition is c... | Peripheral Artery Disease |
What causes Peripheral Artery Disease ? | The most common cause of peripheral arterydisease (P.A.D.) is atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a disease in which plaque builds up in your arteries. The exact cause of atherosclerosis isn't known.
The disease may start if certain factors damage the inner layers of the arteries. These factors include... | Peripheral Artery Disease |
Who is at risk for Peripheral Artery Disease? ? | Peripheral artery disease (P.A.D.) affects millions of people in the United States. The disease is more common in blacks than any other racial or ethnic group.The major risk factors for P.A.D. are smoking, older age, and having certain diseases or conditions.
Smoking
Smoking is the mai... | Peripheral Artery Disease |
What are the symptoms of Peripheral Artery Disease ? | Many people who have peripheral artery disease (P.A.D.) dont have any signs or symptoms.
Even if you don't have signs or symptoms, ask your doctor whether you should get checked for P.A.D. if you're:
Aged 70 or older
Aged 50 or older and have a history of smoking or di... | Peripheral Artery Disease |
How to diagnose Peripheral Artery Disease ? | Peripheral artery disease (P.A.D.) is diagnosed based on your medical and family histories, a physical exam, and test results.
P.A.D. often is diagnosed after symptoms are reported. A correct diagnosis is important because people who have P.A.D. are at higher risk for coronary heart disease (CHD), hear... | Peripheral Artery Disease |
What are the treatments for Peripheral Artery Disease ? | Treatments for peripheral artery disease (P.A.D.) include lifestyle changes, medicines, and surgery or procedures.
The overall goals of treating P.A.D. include reducing risk of heart attack and stroke; reducing symptoms of claudication; improving mobility and overall quality of life; and preventing com... | Peripheral Artery Disease |
How to prevent Peripheral Artery Disease ? | Taking action to control your risk factors can help prevent or delay peripheral artery disease (P.A.D.) and its complications. Know your family history of health problems related to P.A.D. If you or someone in your family has the disease, be sure to tell your doctor. Controlling risk factors includes the following.
... | Peripheral Artery Disease |
Who is at risk for Smoking and Your Heart? ? | The chemicals in tobacco smoke harm your heart and blood vessels in many ways. For example, they:
Contribute to inflammation, which may trigger plaque buildup in your arteries.
Damage blood vessel walls, making them stiff and less elastic (stretchy). This damage narrows the blood vesse... | Smoking and Your Heart |
What is (are) Angina ? | Espaol
Angina (an-JI-nuh or AN-juh-nuh) is chest pain or discomfort that occurs if an area of your heart muscle doesn't get enough oxygen-rich blood.
Angina may feel like pressure or squeezing in your chest. The pain also can occur in your shoulders, arms, neck, jaw, or back. Angina pa... | Angina |
What causes Angina ? | Underlying Causes
Angina usually is a symptom of coronary heart disease (CHD). This means that the underlying causes of angina generally are the same as the underlying causes of CHD.
Research suggests that CHD starts when certain factors damage the inner layers of the coronary arteries... | Angina |
Who is at risk for Angina? ? | Angina is a symptom of an underlying heart problem. Its usually a symptom of coronary heart disease (CHD), but it also can be a symptom of coronary microvascular disease (MVD). So, if youre at risk for CHD or coronary MVD, youre also at risk for angina.
The major risk factors for CHD and coronary MVD i... | Angina |
What are the symptoms of Angina ? | Pain and discomfort are the main symptoms of angina. Angina often is described as pressure, squeezing, burning, or tightness in the chest. The pain or discomfort usually starts behind the breastbone.
Pain from angina also can occur in the arms, shoulders, neck, jaw, throat, or back. The pain may feel l... | Angina |
How to diagnose Angina ? | The most important issues to address when you go to the doctor with chest pain are:
What's causing the chest pain
Whether you're having or are about to have a heart attack
Angina is a symptom of an underlying heart problem, usually coronary heart disease (CHD). The typ... | Angina |
What are the treatments for Angina ? | Treatments for angina include lifestyle changes, medicines, medical procedures, cardiac rehabilitation (rehab), and other therapies. The main goals of treatment are to:
Reduce pain and discomfort and how often it occurs
Prevent or lower your risk for heart attack and death by treating ... | Angina |
How to prevent Angina ? | You can prevent or lower your risk for angina and heart disease by making lifestyle changes and treating related conditions.
Making Lifestyle Changes
Healthy lifestyle choices can help prevent or delay angina and heart disease. To adopt a healthy lifestyle, you can:
Qu... | Angina |
What is (are) Heart Failure ? | Heart failure is a condition in which the heart can't pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. In some cases, the heart can't fill with enough blood. In other cases, the heart can't pump blood to the rest of the body with enough force. Some people have both problems.
The term "heart failure" doesn't... | Heart Failure |
What causes Heart Failure ? | Conditions that damage or overwork the heart muscle can cause heart failure. Over time, the heart weakens. It isnt able to fill with and/or pump blood as well as it should. As the heart weakens, certain proteins and substances might be released into the blood. These substances have a toxic effect on the heart and blood... | Heart Failure |
Who is at risk for Heart Failure? ? | About 5.7 million people in the United States have heart failure. The number of people who have this condition is growing.
Heart failure is more common in:
People who are age 65 or older. Aging can weaken the heart muscle. Older people also may have had diseases for many years that led... | Heart Failure |
What are the symptoms of Heart Failure ? | The most common signs and symptoms of heart failure are:
Shortness of breath or trouble breathing
Fatigue (tiredness)
Swelling in the ankles, feet, legs, abdomen, and veins in the neck
All of these symptoms are the result of fluid buildup in your body.... | Heart Failure |
How to diagnose Heart Failure ? | Your doctor will diagnose heart failure based on your medical and family histories, a physical exam, and test results. The signs and symptoms of heart failure also are common in other conditions. Thus, your doctor will:
Find out whether you have a disease or condition that can cause heart failure, such... | Heart Failure |
What are the treatments for Heart Failure ? | Early diagnosis and treatment can help people who have heart failure live longer, more active lives. Treatment for heart failure depends on the type and severity of the heart failure.
The goals of treatment for all stages of heart failure include:
Treating the conditions underlying cau... | Heart Failure |
How to prevent Heart Failure ? | You can take steps to prevent heart failure. The sooner you start, the better your chances of preventing or delaying the condition.
For People Who Have Healthy Hearts
If you have a healthy heart, you can take action to prevent heart disease and heart failure. To reduce your risk of hea... | Heart Failure |
What is (are) Thrombocythemia and Thrombocytosis ? | Thrombocythemia (THROM-bo-si-THE-me-ah) and thrombocytosis (THROM-bo-si-TO-sis) are conditions in which your blood has a higher than normal number of platelets (PLATE-lets).
Platelets are blood cell fragments. They're made in your bone marrow along with other kinds of blood cells.
Plat... | Thrombocythemia and Thrombocytosis |
What causes Thrombocythemia and Thrombocytosis ? | Primary Thrombocythemia
In this condition, faulty stem cells in the bone marrow make too many platelets. What causes this to happen usually isn't known. When this process occurs without other blood cell disorders, it's called essential thrombocythemia.
A rare form of thrombocythemia is... | Thrombocythemia and Thrombocytosis |
Who is at risk for Thrombocythemia and Thrombocytosis? ? | Primary Thrombocythemia
Thrombocythemia isn't common. The exact number of people who have the condition isn't known. Some estimates suggest that 24 out of every 100,000 people have primary thrombocythemia.
Primary thrombocythemia is more common in people aged 50 to 70, but it can occur... | Thrombocythemia and Thrombocytosis |
What are the symptoms of Thrombocythemia and Thrombocytosis ? | People who have thrombocythemia or thrombocytosis may not have signs or symptoms. These conditions might be discovered only after routine blood tests.
However, people who have primary thrombocythemia are more likely than those who have secondary thrombocytosis to have serious signs and symptoms.
... | Thrombocythemia and Thrombocytosis |
How to diagnose Thrombocythemia and Thrombocytosis ? | Your doctor will diagnose thrombocythemia or thrombocytosis based on your medical history, a physical exam, and test results. A hematologist also may be involved in your care. This is a doctor who specializes in blood diseases and conditions.
Medical History
Your doctor may ask you abo... | Thrombocythemia and Thrombocytosis |
What are the treatments for Thrombocythemia and Thrombocytosis ? | Primary Thrombocythemia
This condition is considered less harmful today than in the past, and its outlook often is good. People who have no signs or symptoms don't need treatment, as long as the condition remains stable.
Taking aspirin may help people who are at risk for blood clots (a... | Thrombocythemia and Thrombocytosis |
How to prevent Thrombocythemia and Thrombocytosis ? | You can't prevent primary thrombocythemia. However, you can take steps to reduce your risk for complications. For example, you can control many of the risk factors for blood clots, such as high blood cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes, and smoking.
To reduce your risk, quit smoking, adopt healt... | Thrombocythemia and Thrombocytosis |
What is (are) Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura ? | Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare blood disorder. In TTP, blood clots form in small blood vessels throughout the body.
The clots can limit or block the flow of oxygen-rich blood to the body's organs, such as the brain, kidneys, and heart. As a result, serious health problems can devel... | Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura |
What causes Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura ? | A lack of activity in the ADAMTS13 enzyme (a type of protein in the blood) causes thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). The ADAMTS13 gene controls the enzyme, which is involved in blood clotting.
Not having enough enzyme activity causes overactive blood clotting. In TTP, blood clots form in small ... | Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura |
Who is at risk for Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura? ? | Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare disorder. Most cases of TTP are acquired. Acquired TTP mostly occurs in adults, but it can affect children. The condition occurs more often in women and in Black people than in other groups.
Inherited TTP mainly affects newborns and children. Most peo... | Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura |
What are the symptoms of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura ? | Blood clots, a low platelet count, and damaged red blood cells cause the signs and symptoms of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP).
The signs and symptoms include:
Purplish bruises on the skin or mucous membranes (such as in the mouth). These bruises, called purpura, are caused b... | Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura |
How to diagnose Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura ? | Your doctor will diagnosis thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) based on your medical history, a physical exam, and test results.
If TTP is suspected or diagnosed, a hematologist will be involved in your care. A hematologist is a doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating blood disorders.
... | Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura |
What are the treatments for Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura ? | Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) can be fatal or cause lasting damage, such as brain damage or a stroke, if it's not treated right away.
In most cases, TTP occurs suddenly and lasts for days or weeks, but it can go on for months. Relapses (flareups) can occur in up to 60 percent of people who ... | Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura |
How to prevent Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura ? | Both inherited and acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) occur suddenly with no clear cause. You can't prevent either type.
If you've had TTP, watch for signs and symptoms of a relapse (flareup). (For more information, go to "Living With Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura.")
... | Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura |
What is (are) Atherosclerosis ? | Espaol
Atherosclerosis is a disease in which plaque builds up inside your arteries. Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood to your heart and other parts of your body.
Plaque is made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances found in the blood. Over time, pl... | Atherosclerosis |
What causes Atherosclerosis ? | The exact cause of atherosclerosis isn't known. However, studies show that atherosclerosis is a slow, complex disease that may start in childhood. It develops faster as you age.
Atherosclerosis may start when certain factors damage the inner layers of the arteries. These factors include:
... | Atherosclerosis |
Who is at risk for Atherosclerosis? ? | The exact cause of atherosclerosis isn't known. However, certain traits, conditions, or habits may raise your risk for the disease. These conditions are known as risk factors. The more risk factors you have, the more likely it is that you'll develop atherosclerosis.
You can control most risk factors an... | Atherosclerosis |
What are the symptoms of Atherosclerosis ? | Atherosclerosis usually doesn't cause signs and symptoms until it severely narrows or totally blocks an artery. Many people don't know they have the disease until they have a medical emergency, such as a heart attack or stroke.
Some people may have signs and symptoms of the disease. Signs and symptoms ... | Atherosclerosis |
How to diagnose Atherosclerosis ? | Your doctor will diagnose atherosclerosis based on your medical and family histories, a physical exam, and test results.
Specialists Involved
If you have atherosclerosis, a primary care doctor, such as an internist or family practitioner, may handle your care. Your doctor may recommend... | Atherosclerosis |
What are the treatments for Atherosclerosis ? | Treatments for atherosclerosis may include heart-healthy lifestyle changes, medicines, and medical procedures or surgery. The goals of treatment include:
Lowering the risk of blood clots forming
Preventing atherosclerosis-related diseases
Reducing risk factors in an ef... | Atherosclerosis |
How to prevent Atherosclerosis ? | Taking action to control your risk factors can help prevent or delay atherosclerosis and its related diseases. Your risk for atherosclerosis increases with the number of risk factors youhave.
One step you can take is to adopt a healthy lifestyle, which can include:
Heart-Healthy Eating... | Atherosclerosis |
What is (are) Sickle Cell Disease ? | Espaol
The term sickle cell disease (SCD) describes a group of inherited red blood cell disorders. People with SCD have abnormal hemoglobin, called hemoglobin S or sickle hemoglobin, in their red blood cells.
Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the... | Sickle Cell Disease |
What causes Sickle Cell Disease ? | Abnormal hemoglobin, called hemoglobin S, causes sickle cell disease (SCD).
The problem in hemoglobin S is caused by a small defect in the gene that directs the production of the beta globin part of hemoglobin. This small defect in the beta globin gene causes a problem in the beta globin part of hemogl... | Sickle Cell Disease |
Who is at risk for Sickle Cell Disease? ? | In the United States, most people with sickle cell disease (SCD) are of African ancestry or identify themselves as black.
About 1 in 13 African American babies is born with sickle cell trait.
About 1 in every 365 black children is born with sickle cell disease.
There a... | Sickle Cell Disease |
What are the symptoms of Sickle Cell Disease ? | Early Signs and Symptoms
If a person has sickle cell disease (SCD), it is present at birth. But most infants do not have any problems from the disease until they are about 5 or 6 months of age. Every state in the United States, the District of Columbia, and the U.S. territories requires that all newbor... | Sickle Cell Disease |
How to diagnose Sickle Cell Disease ? | Screening Tests
People who do not know whether they make sickle hemoglobin (hemoglobin S) or another abnormal hemoglobin (such as C, thalassemia, E) can find out by having their blood tested. This way, they can learn whether they carry a gene (i.e., have the trait) for an abnormal hemoglobin that they... | Sickle Cell Disease |
What are the treatments for Sickle Cell Disease ? | Health Maintenance To Prevent Complications
Babies with sickle cell disease (SCD) should be referred to a doctor or provider group that has experience taking care of people with this disease. The doctor might be a hematologist (a doctor with special training in blood diseases) or an experienced general... | Sickle Cell Disease |
How to prevent Sickle Cell Disease ? | People who do not know whether they carry an abnormal hemoglobin gene can ask their doctor to have their blood tested.
Couples who are planning to have children and know that they are at risk of having a child with sickle cell disease (SCD) may want to meet with a genetics counselor. A genetics counsel... | Sickle Cell Disease |
What is (are) Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency ? | Alpha-1 antitrypsin (an-tee-TRIP-sin) deficiency, or AAT deficiency, is a condition that raises your risk for lung disease (especially if you smoke) and other diseases.
Some people who have severe AAT deficiency develop emphysema (em-fi-SE-ma)often when they're only in their forties or fifties. Emphyse... | Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency |
What causes Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency ? | Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency is an inherited disease. "Inherited" means it's passed from parents to children through genes.
Children who have AAT deficiency inherit two faulty AAT genes, one from each parent. These genes tell cells in the body how to make AAT proteins.
In AAT d... | Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency |
Who is at risk for Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency? ? | Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency occurs in all ethnic groups. However, the condition occurs most often in White people of European descent.
AAT deficiency is an inherited condition. "Inherited" means the condition is passed from parents to children through genes.
If you have bloodl... | Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency |
What are the symptoms of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency ? | The first lung-related symptoms of alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency may include shortness of breath, less ability to be physically active, and wheezing. These signs and symptoms most often begin between the ages of 20 and 40.
Other signs and symptoms may include repeated lung infections, tiredness,... | Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency |
How to diagnose Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency ? | Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency usually is diagnosed after you develop a lung or liver disease that's related to the condition.
Your doctor may suspect AAT deficiency if you have signs or symptoms of a serious lung condition, especially emphysema, without any obvious cause. He or she also may susp... | Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency |
What are the treatments for Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency ? | Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency has no cure, but its related lung diseases have many treatments. Most of these treatments are the same as the ones used for a lung disease called COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease).
If you have symptoms related to AAT deficiency, your doctor may recommend:... | Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency |
How to prevent Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency ? | You can't prevent alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency because the condition is inherited (passed from parents to children through genes).
If you inherit two faulty AAT genes, you'll have AAT deficiency. Even so, you may never develop one of the diseases related to the condition.
You c... | Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency |
What is (are) Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia ? | Primary ciliary (SIL-e-ar-e) dyskinesia (dis-kih-NE-ze-ah), or PCD, is a rare disease that affects tiny, hair-like structures that line the airways. These structures are called cilia (SIL-e-ah).
Cilia move together in wave-like motions. They carry mucus (a slimy substance) toward the mouth to be coughe... | Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia |
What causes Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia ? | Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare, inherited disease. "Inherited" means the disease is passed from parents to children through genes. With PCD, this process is very complex. Researchers are still learning how the disease is inherited and which genes are involved.
Generally, a child must inheri... | Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia |
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