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How to diagnose Fanconi Anemia ? | People who have Fanconi anemia (FA) are born with the disorder. They may or may not show signs or symptoms of it at birth. For this reason, FA isn't always diagnosed when a person is born. In fact, most people who have the disorder are diagnosed between the ages of 2 and 15 years.
The tests used to dia... | Fanconi Anemia |
What are the treatments for Fanconi Anemia ? | Doctors decide how to treat Fanconi anemia (FA) based on a person's age and how well the person's bone marrow is making new blood cells.
Goals of Treatment
Long-term treatments for FA can:
Cure the anemia. Damaged bone marrow cells are replaced with healthy ones that c... | Fanconi Anemia |
How to prevent Fanconi Anemia ? | ou can't prevent Fanconi anemia (FA) because it's an inherited disease. If a child gets two copies of the same faulty FA gene, he or she will have the disease.
If you're at high risk for FA and are planning to have children, you may want to consider genetic counseling. A counselor can help you understa... | Fanconi Anemia |
What is (are) Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome ? | Antiphospholipid (AN-te-fos-fo-LIP-id) antibody syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disorder. Autoimmune disorders occur if the body's immune system makes antibodies that attack and damage tissues or cells.
Antibodies are a type of protein. They usually help defend the body against infections. In APS, howe... | Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome |
What causes Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome ? | Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) occurs if the body's immune system makes antibodies (proteins) that attack phospholipids.
Phospholipids are a type of fat found in all living cells and cell membranes, including blood cells and the lining of blood vessels. What causes the immune system to make a... | Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome |
Who is at risk for Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome? ? | Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) can affect people of any age. The disorder is more common in women than men, but it affects both sexes.
APS also is more common in people who have other autoimmune or rheumatic disorders, such as lupus. ("Rheumatic" refers to disorders that affect the joints, bo... | Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome |
What are the symptoms of Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome ? | The signs and symptoms of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) are related to abnormal blood clotting. The outcome of a blood clot depends on its size and location.
Blood clots can form in, or travel to, the arteries or veins in the brain, heart, kidneys, lungs, and limbs. Clots can reduce or block... | Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome |
How to diagnose Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome ? | Your doctor will diagnose antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) based on your medical history and the results from blood tests.
Specialists Involved
A hematologist often is involved in the care of people who have APS. This is a doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating blood... | Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome |
What are the treatments for Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome ? | Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) has no cure. However, medicines can help prevent complications. The goals of treatment are to prevent blood clots from forming and keep existing clots from getting larger.
You may have APS and another autoimmune disorder, such as lupus. If so, it's important to ... | Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome |
What is (are) Mitral Valve Prolapse ? | Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a condition in which the hearts mitral valve doesnt work well. The flaps of the valve are floppy and may not close tightly. These flaps normally help seal or open the valve.
Much of the time, MVP doesnt cause any problems. Rarely, blood can leak the wrong way through the ... | Mitral Valve Prolapse |
What causes Mitral Valve Prolapse ? | The exact cause of mitral valve prolapse (MVP) isn't known. Most people who have the condition are born with it. MVP tends to run in families. Also, it's more common in people who are born with connective tissue disorders, such as Marfan syndrome.
In people who have MVP, the mitral valve may be abnorma... | Mitral Valve Prolapse |
Who is at risk for Mitral Valve Prolapse? ? | Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) affects people of all ages and both sexes; however, aging raises the risk of developing the disease.
Certain conditions have been associated with MVP, including:
A history of rheumatic fever
Connective tissue disorders, such as Marfan syndro... | Mitral Valve Prolapse |
What are the symptoms of Mitral Valve Prolapse ? | Most people who have mitral valve prolapse (MVP) aren't affected by the condition. They don't have any symptoms or major mitral valve backflow.
When MVP does cause signs and symptoms, they may include:
Palpitations (feelings that your heart is skipping a beat, fluttering, or beating to... | Mitral Valve Prolapse |
How to diagnose Mitral Valve Prolapse ? | Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) most often is detected during a routine physical exam. During the exam, your doctor will listen to your heart with a stethoscope.
Stretched valve flaps can make a clicking sound as they shut. If the mitral valve is leaking blood back into the left atrium, your doctor may hea... | Mitral Valve Prolapse |
What are the treatments for Mitral Valve Prolapse ? | Most people who have mitral valve prolapse (MVP) dont need treatment because they dont have symptoms and complications.
Even people who do have symptoms may not need treatment. The presence of symptoms doesnt always mean that the backflow of blood through the valve is significant.
Peop... | Mitral Valve Prolapse |
How to prevent Mitral Valve Prolapse ? | You can't prevent mitral valve prolapse (MVP). Most people who have the condition are born with it.
Complications from MVP, such as arrhythmias (irregular heartbeats) and infective endocarditis (IE), are rare. IE is an infection of the inner lining of your heart chambers and valves.
Pe... | Mitral Valve Prolapse |
What is (are) Cough ? | A cough is a natural reflex that protects your lungs. Coughing helps clear your airways of lung irritants, such as smoke and mucus (a slimy substance). This helps prevent infections. A cough also can be a symptom of a medical problem.
Prolonged coughing can cause unpleasant side effects, such as chest ... | Cough |
What causes Cough ? | Coughing occurs when the nerve endings in your airways become irritated. Certain irritants and allergens, medical conditions, and medicines can irritate these nerve endings.
Irritants and Allergens
An irritant is something you're sensitive to. For example, smoking or inhaling secondhan... | Cough |
Who is at risk for Cough? ? | People at risk for cough include those who:
Are exposed to things that irritate their airways (called irritants) or things that they're allergic to (called allergens). Examples of irritants are cigarette smoke, air pollution, paint fumes, and scented products. Examples of allergens are dust, animal dan... | Cough |
What are the symptoms of Cough ? | When you cough, mucus (a slimy substance) may come up. Coughing helps clear the mucus in your airways from a cold, bronchitis, or other condition. Rarely, people cough up blood. If this happens, you should call your doctor right away.
A cough may be a symptom of a medical condition. Thus, it may occur ... | Cough |
How to diagnose Cough ? | Your doctor will diagnose the cause of your cough based on your medical history, a physical exam, and test results.
Medical History
Your doctor will likely ask questions about your cough. He or she may ask how long you've had it, whether you're coughing anything up (such as mucus, a sl... | Cough |
What are the treatments for Cough ? | The best way to treat a cough is to treat its cause. However, sometimes the cause is unknown. Other treatments, such as medicines and a vaporizer, can help relieve the cough itself.
Treating the Cause of a Cough
Acute and Subacute Cough
An acute cough lasts less than 3... | Cough |
What is (are) Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors ? | Coronary heart disease risk factors are conditions or habits that raise your risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and heart attack. These risk factors also increase the chance that existing CHD will worsen.
CHD, also called coronary artery disease, is a condition in which a waxy substance called plaque... | Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors |
Who is at risk for Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors? ? | High Blood Cholesterol and Triglyceride Levels
Cholesterol
High blood cholesterol is a condition in which your blood has too much cholesterola waxy, fat-like substance. The higher your blood cholesterol level, the greater your risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and heart attack.
... | Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors |
How to prevent Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors ? | You can prevent and control many coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors with heart-healthy lifestyle changes and medicines. Examples of risk factors you can control include high blood cholesterol, high blood pressure, and overweight and obesity. Only a few risk factorssuch as age, gender, and family historycant be c... | Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors |
What is (are) Congenital Heart Defects ? | Congenital (kon-JEN-ih-tal) heart defects are problems with the heart's structure that are present at birth. These defects can involve:
The interior walls of the heart
The valves inside the heart
The arteries and veins that carry blood to the heart or the body
... | Congenital Heart Defects |
What causes Congenital Heart Defects ? | If your child has a congenital heart defect, you may think you did something wrong during your pregnancy to cause the problem. However, doctors often don't know why congenital heart defects occur.
Heredity may play a role in some heart defects. For example, a parent who has a congenital heart defect ma... | Congenital Heart Defects |
What are the symptoms of Congenital Heart Defects ? | Many congenital heart defects cause few or no signs and symptoms. A doctor may not even detect signs of a heart defect during a physical exam.
Some heart defects do cause signs and symptoms. They depend on the number, type, and severity of the defects. Severe defects can cause signs and symptoms, usual... | Congenital Heart Defects |
How to diagnose Congenital Heart Defects ? | Severe congenital heart defects generally are diagnosed during pregnancy or soon after birth. Less severe defects often aren't diagnosed until children are older.
Minor defects often have no signs or symptoms. Doctors may diagnose them based on results from a physical exam and tests done for another re... | Congenital Heart Defects |
What are the treatments for Congenital Heart Defects ? | Although many children who have congenital heart defects don't need treatment, some do. Doctors repair congenital heart defects with catheter procedures or surgery.
Sometimes doctors combine catheter and surgical procedures to repair complex heart defects, which may involve several kinds of defects.
... | Congenital Heart Defects |
What is (are) Aplastic Anemia ? | Aplastic anemia (a-PLAS-tik uh-NEE-me-uh) is a blood disorder in which the body's bone marrow doesn't make enough new blood cells. Bone marrow is a sponge-like tissue inside the bones. It makes stem cells that develop into red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets (PLATE-lets).
Red blood cells ... | Aplastic Anemia |
What causes Aplastic Anemia ? | Damage to the bone marrow's stem cells causes aplastic anemia. When stem cells are damaged, they don't grow into healthy blood cells.
The cause of the damage can be acquired or inherited. "Acquired" means you aren't born with the condition, but you develop it. "Inherited" means your parents passed the ... | Aplastic Anemia |
Who is at risk for Aplastic Anemia? ? | Aplastic anemia is a rare but serious blood disorder. People of all ages can develop aplastic anemia. However, it's most common in adolescents, young adults, and the elderly. Men and women are equally likely to have it.
The disorder is two to three times more common in Asian countries.
... | Aplastic Anemia |
What are the symptoms of Aplastic Anemia ? | Lower than normal numbers of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets cause most of the signs and symptoms of aplastic anemia.
Signs and Symptoms of Low Blood Cell Counts
Red Blood Cells
The most common symptom of a low red blood cell count i... | Aplastic Anemia |
How to diagnose Aplastic Anemia ? | Your doctor will diagnose aplastic anemia based on your medical and family histories, a physical exam, and test results.
Once your doctor knows the cause and severity of the condition, he or she can create a treatment plan for you.
Specialists Involved
If your primary ... | Aplastic Anemia |
What are the treatments for Aplastic Anemia ? | Treatments for aplastic anemia include blood transfusions, blood and marrow stem cell transplants, and medicines. These treatments can prevent or limit complications, relieve symptoms, and improve quality of life.
Blood and marrow stem cell transplants may cure the disorder in some people who are eligi... | Aplastic Anemia |
What is (are) Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ? | Disseminated intravascular coagulation (ko-ag-u-LA-shun), or DIC, is a condition in which blood clots form throughout the body's small blood vessels. These blood clots can reduce or block blood flow through the blood vessels, which can damage the body's organs.
In DIC, the increased clotting uses up pl... | Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation |
What causes Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ? | Some diseases and conditions can disrupt the body's normal blood clotting process and lead to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). These diseases and conditions include:
Sepsis (an infection in the bloodstream)
Surgery and trauma
Cancer
Seriou... | Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation |
Who is at risk for Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation? ? | Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is the result of an underlying disease or condition. People who have one or more of the following conditions are most likely to develop DIC:
Sepsis (an infection in the bloodstream)
Surgery and trauma
Cancer
... | Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation |
What are the symptoms of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ? | Signs and symptoms of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) depend on its cause and whether the condition is acute or chronic.
Acute DIC develops quickly (over hours or days) and is very serious. Chronic DIC develops more slowly (over weeks or months). It lasts longer and usually isn't recognize... | Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation |
How to diagnose Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ? | Your doctor will diagnose disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) based on your medical history, a physical exam, and test results. Your doctor also will look for the cause of DIC.
Acute DIC requires emergency treatment. The condition can be life threatening if it's not treated right away. If you ... | Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation |
What are the treatments for Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ? | Treatment for disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) depends on its severity and cause. The main goals of treating DIC are to control bleeding and clotting problems and treat the underlying cause.
Acute Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
People who have acute DIC may have sev... | Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation |
What causes Heart Disease in Women ? | Research suggests thatcoronary heart disease(CHD) begins with damage to the lining and inner layers of the coronary (heart) arteries. Several factors contribute to this damage. They include:
Smoking, including secondhand smoke
High amounts of certain fats andcholesterol in the blood
... | Heart Disease in Women |
Who is at risk for Heart Disease in Women? ? | Certain traits, conditions, or habits may raise your risk forcoronary heart disease(CHD). These conditions are known as risk factors. Risk factors also increase the chance that existing CHD will worsen.
Women generally have the same CHD risk factors as men. However, some risk factors may affect women d... | Heart Disease in Women |
What are the symptoms of Heart Disease in Women ? | The signs and symptoms ofcoronary heart disease(CHD) may differ between women and men. Some women who have CHD have no signs or symptoms. This is called silent CHD.
Silent CHD may not be diagnosed until a woman has signs and symptoms of aheart attack, heart failure, or an arrhythmia(irregular heartbeat... | Heart Disease in Women |
How to diagnose Heart Disease in Women ? | Your doctor will diagnosecoronary heart disease(CHD) based on your medical and family histories, your risk factors, a physical exam, and the results from tests and procedures.
No single test can diagnose CHD. If your doctor thinks you have CHD, he or she may recommend one or more of the following tests... | Heart Disease in Women |
What are the treatments for Heart Disease in Women ? | Treatment forcoronary heart disease (CHD) usually is the same for both women and men. Treatment may include lifestyle changes, medicines, medical and surgical procedures, andcardiac rehabilitation(rehab).
The goals of treatment are to:
Relieve symptoms.
Reduce risk fac... | Heart Disease in Women |
How to prevent Heart Disease in Women ? | Taking action to control your risk factors can help prevent or delaycoronary heart disease(CHD). Your risk for CHD increases with the number of CHD risk factors you have.
One step you can take is to adopt a heart healthy lifestyle. A heart healthy lifestyle should be part of a lifelong approach to heal... | Heart Disease in Women |
What is (are) Heart Attack ? | Espaol
A heart attack happens when the flow of oxygen-rich blood to a section of heart muscle suddenly becomes blocked and the heart cant get oxygen. If blood flow isnt restored quickly, the section of heart muscle begins to die.
Heart attack treatment works best when its given right a... | Heart Attack |
What causes Heart Attack ? | Coronary Heart Disease
A heart attack happens if the flow of oxygen-rich blood to a section of heart muscle suddenly becomes blocked and the heart can't get oxygen. Most heart attacks occur as a result of coronary heart disease (CHD).
CHD is a condition in which a waxy substance called... | Heart Attack |
Who is at risk for Heart Attack? ? | Certain risk factors make it more likely that you'll develop coronary heart disease (CHD) and have a heart attack. You can control many of these risk factors.
Risk Factors You Can Control
The major risk factors for a heart attack that you can control include:
Smoking
... | Heart Attack |
What are the symptoms of Heart Attack ? | Not all heart attacks begin with the sudden, crushing chest pain that often is shown on TV or in the movies. In one study, for example, one-third of the patients who had heart attacks had no chest pain. These patients were more likely to be older, female, or diabetic.
The symptoms of a heart attack can... | Heart Attack |
How to diagnose Heart Attack ? | Your doctor will diagnose a heart attack based on your signs and symptoms, your medical and family histories, and test results.
Diagnostic Tests
EKG (Electrocardiogram)
An EKG is a simple, painless test that detects and records the heart's electrical activity. The test... | Heart Attack |
What are the treatments for Heart Attack ? | Early treatment for a heart attack can prevent or limit damage to the heart muscle. Acting fast, by calling 911 at the first symptoms of a heart attack, can save your life. Medical personnel can begin diagnosis and treatment even before you get to the hospital.
Immediate Treatment
Cert... | Heart Attack |
How to prevent Heart Attack ? | Lowering your risk factors for coronary heart disease can help you prevent a heart attack. Even if you already have coronary heart disease, you still can take steps to lower your risk for a heart attack. These steps involve following a heart-healthy lifestyle and getting ongoingmedical care.
Heart-Heal... | Heart Attack |
What is (are) Coronary Microvascular Disease ? | Coronary microvascular disease (MVD) is heart disease that affects the tiny coronary (heart) arteries. In coronary MVD, the walls of the heart's tiny arteries are damaged or diseased.
Coronary MVD is different from traditional coronary heart disease (CHD), also called coronary artery disease. In CHD, a... | Coronary Microvascular Disease |
What causes Coronary Microvascular Disease ? | The same risk factors that cause atherosclerosis may cause coronary microvascular disease. Atherosclerosis is a disease in which plaque builds up inside the arteries.
Risk factors for atherosclerosis include:
Diabetes. It is a disease in which the bodys blood sugar level is too high be... | Coronary Microvascular Disease |
Who is at risk for Coronary Microvascular Disease? ? | Coronary microvascular disease can affect both men and women. However, women may be at risk for coronary microvascular disease if they have lower than normal levels of estrogen at any point in their adult lives. (This refers to the estrogen that the ovaries produce, not the estrogen used in hormone therapy.) Low estrog... | Coronary Microvascular Disease |
What are the symptoms of Coronary Microvascular Disease ? | The signs and symptoms of coronary microvascular disease (MVD) often differ from the signs and symptoms of traditional coronary heart disease (CHD).
Many women with coronary MVD have angina (an-JI-nuh or AN-juh-nuh). Angina is chest pain or discomfort that occurs when your heart muscle doesn't get enou... | Coronary Microvascular Disease |
How to diagnose Coronary Microvascular Disease ? | Your doctor will diagnose coronary microvascular disease (MVD) based on your medical history, a physical exam, and test results. He or she will check to see whether you have any risk factors for heart disease.
For example, your doctor may measure your weight and height to check for overweight or obesit... | Coronary Microvascular Disease |
What are the treatments for Coronary Microvascular Disease ? | Relieving pain is one of the main goals of treating coronary microvascular disease (MVD). Treatments also are used to control risk factors and other symptoms. Treatments may include medicines, such as:
ACE inhibitors and beta blockers to lower blood pressure and decrease the hearts workload
... | Coronary Microvascular Disease |
How to prevent Coronary Microvascular Disease ? | No specific studies have been done on how to prevent coronary microvascular disease.
Researchers dont yet know how or in what way preventing coronary microvascular disease differs from preventing coronary heart disease. Coronary microvascular disease affects the tiny coronary arteries; coronary heart d... | Coronary Microvascular Disease |
What is (are) Sleep Deprivation and Deficiency ? | Sleep deprivation (DEP-rih-VA-shun) is a condition that occurs if you don't get enough sleep. Sleep deficiency is a broader concept. It occurs if you have one or more of the following:
You don't get enough sleep (sleep deprivation)
You sleep at the wrong time of day (that is, you're ou... | Sleep Deprivation and Deficiency |
Who is at risk for Sleep Deprivation and Deficiency? ? | Sleep deficiency, which includes sleep deprivation, affects people of all ages, races, and ethnicities. Certain groups of people may be more likely to be sleep deficient. Examples include people who:
Have limited time available for sleep, such as caregivers or people working long hours or more than one... | Sleep Deprivation and Deficiency |
What are the symptoms of Sleep Deprivation and Deficiency ? | Sleep deficiency can cause you to feel very tired during the day. You may not feel refreshed and alert when you wake up. Sleep deficiency also can interfere with work, school, driving, and social functioning.
How sleepy you feel during the day can help you figure out whether you're having symptoms of p... | Sleep Deprivation and Deficiency |
What is (are) Varicose Veins ? | Espaol
Varicose (VAR-i-kos) veins are swollen, twisted veins that you can see just under the surface of the skin. These veins usually occur in the legs, but they also can form in other parts of the body.
Varicose veins are a common condition. They usually cause few signs and symptoms. ... | Varicose Veins |
What causes Varicose Veins ? | Weak or damaged valves in the veins can cause varicose veins. After your arteries and capillaries deliver oxygen-rich blood to your body, your veins return the blood to your heart. The veins in your legs must work against gravity to do this.
One-way valves inside the veins open to let blood flow throug... | Varicose Veins |
Who is at risk for Varicose Veins? ? | Many factors may raise your risk for varicose veins, including family history, older age, gender, pregnancy, overweight or obesity, lack of movement, and leg trauma.
Family History
Having family members who have varicose veins may raise your risk for the condition. About half of all pe... | Varicose Veins |
What are the symptoms of Varicose Veins ? | The signs and symptoms of varicose veins include:
Large veins that you can see just under the surface of your skin.
Mild swelling of your ankles and feet.
Painful, achy, or "heavy" legs.
Throbbing or cramping in your legs.
Itchy legs, ... | Varicose Veins |
How to diagnose Varicose Veins ? | Doctors often diagnose varicose veins based on a physical exam alone. Sometimes tests or procedures are used to find out the extent of the problem or to rule out other conditions.
Specialists Involved
If you have varicose veins, you may see a vascular medicine specialist or vascular su... | Varicose Veins |
What are the treatments for Varicose Veins ? | Varicose veins are treated with lifestyle changes and medical procedures. The goals of treatment are to relieve symptoms, prevent complications, and improve appearance.
If varicose veins cause few symptoms, your doctor may simply suggest making lifestyle changes. If your symptoms are more severe, your ... | Varicose Veins |
How to prevent Varicose Veins ? | You can't prevent varicose veins from forming. However, you can prevent the ones you have from getting worse. You also can take steps to delay other varicose veins from forming.
Avoid standing or sitting for long periods without taking a break. When sitting, avoid crossing your legs. Keep your legs rai... | Varicose Veins |
What is (are) ARDS ? | ARDS, or acute respiratory distress syndrome, is a lung condition that leads to low oxygen levels in the blood. ARDS can be life threatening because your body's organs need oxygen-rich blood to work well.
People who develop ARDS often are very ill with another disease or have major injuries. They might... | ARDS |
What causes ARDS ? | Many conditions or factors can directly or indirectly injure the lungs and lead to ARDS. Some common ones are:
Sepsis. This is a condition in which bacteria infect the bloodstream.
Pneumonia. This is an infection in the lungs.
Severe bleeding caused by an injury to the... | ARDS |
Who is at risk for ARDS? ? | People at risk for ARDS have a condition or illness that can directly or indirectly injure their lungs.
Direct Lung Injury
Conditions that can directly injure the lungs include:
Pneumonia. This is an infection in the lungs.
Breathing in harmful fumes o... | ARDS |
What are the symptoms of ARDS ? | The first signs and symptoms of ARDS are feeling like you can't get enough air into your lungs, rapid breathing, and a low blood oxygen level.
Other signs and symptoms depend on the cause of ARDS. They may occur before ARDS develops. For example, if pneumonia is causing ARDS, you may have a cough and f... | ARDS |
How to diagnose ARDS ? | Your doctor will diagnose ARDS based on your medical history, a physical exam, and test results.
Medical History
Your doctor will ask whether you have or have recently had conditions that could lead to ARDS. For a list of these conditions, go to "Who Is at Risk for ARDS?"
... | ARDS |
What are the treatments for ARDS ? | ARDS is treated in a hospital's intensive care unit. Current treatment approaches focus on improving blood oxygen levels and providing supportive care. Doctors also will try to pinpoint and treat the underlying cause of the condition.
Oxygen Therapy
One of the main goals of treating AR... | ARDS |
What is (are) Narcolepsy ? | Narcolepsy (NAR-ko-lep-se) is a disorder that causes periods of extreme daytime sleepiness. The disorder also may cause muscle weakness.
Most people who have narcolepsy have trouble sleeping at night. Some people who have the disorder fall asleep suddenly, even if they're in the middle of talking, eati... | Narcolepsy |
What causes Narcolepsy ? | Most people who have narcolepsy have low levels of hypocretin. This is a chemical in the brain that helps promote wakefulness. What causes low hypocretin levels isn't well understood.
Researchers think that certain factors may work together to cause a lack of hypocretin. These factors may include:
... | Narcolepsy |
Who is at risk for Narcolepsy? ? | Narcolepsy affects men and women. Symptoms usually begin during the teen or young adult years. The disorder also can develop later in life or in children, but it's rare before age 5.
Researchers think that certain factors may work together to cause narcolepsy. If these factors affect you, you may be at... | Narcolepsy |
What are the symptoms of Narcolepsy ? | The four major signs and symptoms of narcolepsy are extreme daytime sleepiness, cataplexy (muscle weakness) while awake, and hallucinations and sleep paralysis during sleep.
If you have narcolepsy, you may have one or more of these symptoms. They can range from mild to severe. Less than one-third of pe... | Narcolepsy |
How to diagnose Narcolepsy ? | It can take as long as 10 to 15 years after the first symptoms appear before narcolepsy is recognized and diagnosed. This is because narcolepsy is fairly rare. Also, many narcolepsy symptoms are like symptoms of other illnesses, such as infections, depression, and sleep disorders.
Narcolepsy sometimes ... | Narcolepsy |
What are the treatments for Narcolepsy ? | Narcolepsy has no cure. However, medicines, lifestyle changes, and other therapies can relieve many of its symptoms. Treatment for narcolepsy is based on the type of symptoms you have and how severe they are.
Not all medicines and lifestyle changes work for everyone. It may take weeks to months for you... | Narcolepsy |
What is (are) Bronchitis ? | Espaol
Bronchitis (bron-KI-tis) is a condition in which the bronchial tubes become inflamed. These tubes carry air to your lungs. (For more information about the bronchial tubes and airways, go to the Diseases and Conditions Index How the Lungs Work article.)
People who have bronchitis... | Bronchitis |
What causes Bronchitis ? | Acute Bronchitis
Infections or lung irritants cause acute bronchitis. The same viruses that cause colds and the flu are the most common cause of acute bronchitis. Sometimes bacteria can cause the condition.
Certain substances can irritate your lungs and airways and raise your risk for ... | Bronchitis |
Who is at risk for Bronchitis? ? | Bronchitis is a very common condition. Millions of cases occur every year.
Elderly people, infants, and young children are at higher risk for acute bronchitis than people in other age groups.
People of all ages can develop chronic bronchitis, but it occurs more often in people who are ... | Bronchitis |
What are the symptoms of Bronchitis ? | Acute Bronchitis
Acute bronchitis caused by an infection usually develops after you already have a cold or the flu. Symptoms of a cold or the flu include sore throat, fatigue (tiredness), fever, body aches, stuffy or runny nose, vomiting, and diarrhea.
The main symptom of acute bronchi... | Bronchitis |
How to diagnose Bronchitis ? | Your doctor usually will diagnose bronchitis based on your signs and symptoms. He or she may ask questions about your cough, such as how long you've had it, what you're coughing up, and how much you cough.
Your doctor also will likely ask:
About your medical history
Wh... | Bronchitis |
What are the treatments for Bronchitis ? | The main goals of treating acute and chronic bronchitis are to relieve symptoms and make breathing easier.
If you have acute bronchitis, your doctor may recommend rest, plenty of fluids, and aspirin (for adults) or acetaminophen to treat fever.
Antibiotics usually aren't prescribed for... | Bronchitis |
How to prevent Bronchitis ? | You can't always prevent acute or chronic bronchitis. However, you can take steps to lower your risk for both conditions. The most important step is to quit smoking or not start smoking.
For more information about how to quit smoking, go to the Diseases and Conditions Index Smoking and Your Heart artic... | Bronchitis |
What is (are) Broken Heart Syndrome ? | Broken heart syndrome is a condition in which extreme stress can lead to heart muscle failure. The failure is severe, but often short-term.
Most people who experience broken heart syndrome think they may be having a heart attack, a more common medical emergency caused by a blocked coronary (heart) arte... | Broken Heart Syndrome |
What causes Broken Heart Syndrome ? | The cause of broken heart syndrome isnt fully known. However, extreme emotional or physical stress is believed to play a role in causing the temporary disorder.
Although symptoms are similar to those of a heart attack, what is happening to the heart is quite different. Most heart attacks are caused by ... | Broken Heart Syndrome |
Who is at risk for Broken Heart Syndrome? ? | Broken heart syndrome affects women more often than men. Often, people who experience broken heart syndrome have previously been healthy. Research shows that the traditional risk factors for heart disease may not apply to broken heart syndrome.
People who might be at increased risk for broken heart syn... | Broken Heart Syndrome |
What are the symptoms of Broken Heart Syndrome ? | All chest pain should be checked by a doctor. Because symptoms of broken heart syndrome are similar to those of a heart attack, it is important to seek help right away. Your doctor may not be able to diagnose broken heart syndrome until you have some tests.
Common Signs and Symptoms
Th... | Broken Heart Syndrome |
How to diagnose Broken Heart Syndrome ? | Because the symptoms are similar, at first your doctor may not be able to tell whether you are experiencing broken heart syndrome or having a heart attack. Therefore, the doctors immediate goals will be:
To determine whats causing your symptoms
To determine whether youre having or abou... | Broken Heart Syndrome |
What are the treatments for Broken Heart Syndrome ? | Even though broken heart syndrome may feel like a heart attack, its a very different problem that needs a different type of treatment.
The good news is that broken heart syndrome is usually treatable, and most people make a full recovery. Most people who experience broken heart syndrome stay in the hos... | Broken Heart Syndrome |
How to prevent Broken Heart Syndrome ? | Researchers are still learning about broken heart syndrome, and no treatments have been shown to prevent it. For people who have experienced the condition, the risk of recurrence is low.
An emotionally upsetting or serious physical event can trigger broken heart syndrome. Learning how to manage stress,... | Broken Heart Syndrome |
What is (are) Bronchiectasis ? | Bronchiectasis (brong-ke-EK-ta-sis) is a condition in which damage to the airways causes them to widen and become flabby and scarred. The airways are tubes that carry air in and out of your lungs.
Bronchiectasis usually is the result of an infection or other condition that injures the walls of your air... | Bronchiectasis |
What causes Bronchiectasis ? | Damage to the walls of the airways usually is the cause of bronchiectasis. A lung infection may cause this damage. Examples of lung infections that can lead to bronchiectasis include:
Severe pneumonia (nu-MO-ne-ah)
Whooping cough or measles (uncommon in the United States due to vaccina... | Bronchiectasis |
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