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Who is at risk for Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia? ? | Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare disease that affects both males and females. The disease also affects people from all racial and ethnic groups.
Some people who have PCD have breathing problems from the moment of birth. However, other people can go through all or most of their lives without k... | Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia |
What are the symptoms of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia ? | Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) mainly affects the sinuses, ears, and lungs. One sign that you might have PCD is if you have chronic (ongoing) infections in one or more of these areas. Common signs, symptoms, and complications linked to PCD include the following:
Sinuses: - Chronic nasal congestion ... | Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia |
How to diagnose Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia ? | Your doctor or your child's doctor will diagnose primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) based on signs and symptoms and test results.
If your primary care doctor thinks that you may have PCD or another lung disorder, he or she may refer you to a pulmonologist. This is a doctor who specializes in diagnosing a... | Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia |
What are the treatments for Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia ? | Unfortunately, no treatment is available yet to fix faulty airway cilia. (Cilia are tiny, hair-like structures that line the airways.) Thus, treatment for primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) focuses on which symptoms and complications you have.
The main goals of treating PCD are to:
Contr... | Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia |
What is (are) Pulmonary Embolism ? | Pulmonary embolism (PULL-mun-ary EM-bo-lizm), or PE, is a sudden blockage in a lung artery. The blockage usually is caused by a blood clot that travels to the lung from a vein in the leg.
A clot that forms in one part of the body and travels in the bloodstream to another part of the body is called an e... | Pulmonary Embolism |
What causes Pulmonary Embolism ? | Major Causes
Pulmonary embolism (PE) usually begins as a blood clot in a deep vein of the leg. This condition is called deep vein thrombosis. The clot can break free, travel through the bloodstream to the lungs, and block an artery.
The animation below shows how a blood clot from a dee... | Pulmonary Embolism |
Who is at risk for Pulmonary Embolism? ? | Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs equally in men and women. The risk increases with age. For every 10 years after age 60, the risk of having PE doubles.
Certain inherited conditions, such as factor V Leiden, increase the risk of blood clotting and PE.
Major Risk Factors
Y... | Pulmonary Embolism |
What are the symptoms of Pulmonary Embolism ? | Major Signs and Symptoms
Signs and symptoms of pulmonary embolism (PE) include unexplained shortness of breath, problems breathing, chest pain, coughing, or coughing up blood. An arrhythmia (irregular heartbeat) also may suggest that you have PE.
Sometimes the only signs and symptoms a... | Pulmonary Embolism |
How to diagnose Pulmonary Embolism ? | Pulmonary embolism (PE) is diagnosed based on your medical history, a physical exam, and test results.
Doctors who treat patients in the emergency room often are the ones to diagnose PE with the help of a radiologist. A radiologist is a doctor who deals with x rays and other similar tests.
... | Pulmonary Embolism |
What are the treatments for Pulmonary Embolism ? | Pulmonary embolism (PE) is treated with medicines, procedures, and other therapies. The main goals of treating PE are to stop the blood clot from getting bigger and keep new clots from forming.
Treatment may include medicines to thin the blood and slow its ability to clot. If your symptoms are life thr... | Pulmonary Embolism |
How to prevent Pulmonary Embolism ? | Preventing pulmonary embolism (PE) begins with preventing deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Knowing whether you're at risk for DVT and taking steps to lower your risk are important.
Exercise your lower leg muscles if you're sitting for a long time while traveling.
Get out of bed and move aro... | Pulmonary Embolism |
What is (are) Sleep Apnea ? | Espaol
Sleep apnea (AP-ne-ah) is a common disorder in which you have one or more pauses in breathing or shallow breaths while you sleep.
Breathing pauses can last from a few seconds to minutes. They may occur 30times or more an hour. Typically, normal breathing then starts again, somet... | Sleep Apnea |
What causes Sleep Apnea ? | When you're awake, throat muscles help keep your airway stiff and open so air can flow into your lungs. When you sleep, these muscles relax, which narrows your throat.
Normally, this narrowing doesnt prevent air from flowing into and out of your lungs. But if you have sleep apnea, your airway can becom... | Sleep Apnea |
Who is at risk for Sleep Apnea? ? | Obstructive sleep apnea is a common condition. About half of the people who have this condition are overweight.
Men are more likely than women to have sleep apnea. Although the condition can occur at any age, the risk increases as you get older. A family history of sleep apnea also increases your risk ... | Sleep Apnea |
What are the symptoms of Sleep Apnea ? | Major Signs and Symptoms
One of the most common signs of obstructive sleep apnea is loud and chronic (ongoing) snoring. Pauses may occur in the snoring. Choking or gasping may follow the pauses.
The snoring usually is loudest when you sleep on your back; it might be less noisy when you... | Sleep Apnea |
How to diagnose Sleep Apnea ? | Doctors diagnose sleep apnea based on medical and family histories, a physical exam, and sleep study results. Your primary care doctor may evaluate your symptoms first. He or she will then decide whether you need to see a sleep specialist.
Sleep specialists are doctors who diagnose and treat people who... | Sleep Apnea |
What are the treatments for Sleep Apnea ? | Sleep apnea is treated with lifestyle changes, mouthpieces, breathing devices, and surgery. Medicines typically aren't used to treat the condition.
The goals of treating sleep apnea are to:
Restore regular breathing during sleep
Relieve symptoms such as loud snoring an... | Sleep Apnea |
What is (are) Respiratory Failure ? | Respiratory (RES-pih-rah-tor-e) failure is a condition in which not enough oxygen passes from your lungs into your blood. Your body's organs, such as your heart and brain, need oxygen-rich blood to work well.
Respiratory failure also can occur if your lungs can't properly remove carbon dioxide (a waste... | Respiratory Failure |
What causes Respiratory Failure ? | Diseases and conditions that impair breathing can cause respiratory failure. These disorders may affect the muscles, nerves, bones, or tissues that support breathing, or they may affect the lungs directly.
When breathing is impaired, your lungs can't easily move oxygen into your blood and remove carbon... | Respiratory Failure |
Who is at risk for Respiratory Failure? ? | People who have diseases or conditions that affect the muscles, nerves, bones, or tissues that support breathing are at risk for respiratory failure. People who have lung diseases or conditions also are at risk for respiratory failure. For more information, go to "What Causes Respiratory Failure?" | Respiratory Failure |
What are the symptoms of Respiratory Failure ? | The signs and symptoms of respiratory failure depend on its underlying cause and the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood.
A low oxygen level in the blood can cause shortness of breath and air hunger (feeling like you can't breathe in enough air). If the level of oxygen is very low, it also... | Respiratory Failure |
How to diagnose Respiratory Failure ? | Your doctor will diagnose respiratory failure based on your medical history, a physical exam, and test results. Once respiratory failure is diagnosed, your doctor will look for its underlying cause.
Medical History
Your doctor will ask whether you might have or have recently had diseas... | Respiratory Failure |
What are the treatments for Respiratory Failure ? | Treatment for respiratory failure depends on whether the condition is acute (short-term) or chronic (ongoing) and its severity. Treatment also depends on the condition's underlying cause.
Acute respiratory failure can be a medical emergency. It often is treated in an intensive care unit at a hospital. ... | Respiratory Failure |
What is (are) Endocarditis ? | Endocarditis (EN-do-kar-DI-tis) is an infection of the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves. This lining is called the endocardium (en-do-KAR-de-um). The condition also is called infective endocarditis (IE).
The term "endocarditis" also is used to describe an inflammation of the endocardium du... | Endocarditis |
What causes Endocarditis ? | Infective endocarditis (IE) occurs if bacteria, fungi, or other germs invade your bloodstream and attach to abnormal areas of your heart. Certain factors increase the risk of this happening.
A common underlying factor in IE is a structural heart defect, especially faulty heart valves. Usually your immu... | Endocarditis |
Who is at risk for Endocarditis? ? | Infective endocarditis (IE) is an uncommon condition that can affect both children and adults. It's more common in men than women.
IE typically affects people who have abnormal hearts or other conditions that put them at risk for the infection. Sometimes IE does affect people who were healthy before th... | Endocarditis |
What are the symptoms of Endocarditis ? | Infective endocarditis (IE) can cause a range of signs and symptoms that can vary from person to person. Signs and symptoms also can vary over time in the same person.
Signs and symptoms differ depending on whether you have an underlying heart problem, the type of germ causing the infection, and whethe... | Endocarditis |
How to diagnose Endocarditis ? | Your doctor will diagnose infective endocarditis (IE) based on your risk factors, your medical history and signs and symptoms, and test results.
Diagnosis of IE often is based on many factors, rather than a single positive test result, sign, or symptom.
Diagnostic Tests
... | Endocarditis |
What are the treatments for Endocarditis ? | Infective endocarditis (IE) is treated with antibiotics and sometimes with heart surgery.
Antibiotics
Antibiotics usually are given for 2 to 6 weeks through an intravenous (IV) line inserted into a vein. You're often in a hospital for at least the first week or more of treatment. This ... | Endocarditis |
How to prevent Endocarditis ? | If you're at risk for infective endocarditis (IE), you can take steps to prevent the infection and its complications.
Be alert to the signs and symptoms of IE. Contact your doctor right away if you have any of these signs or symptoms, especially a persistent fever or unexplained fatigue (tiredness).
... | Endocarditis |
What is (are) Restless Legs Syndrome ? | Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a disorder that causes a strong urge to move your legs. This urge to move often occurs with strange and unpleasant feelings in your legs. Moving your legs relieves the urge and the unpleasant feelings.
People who have RLS describe the unpleasant feelings as creeping, cra... | Restless Legs Syndrome |
What causes Restless Legs Syndrome ? | Faulty Use of Iron or Lack of Iron
Research suggests that the main cause of restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a faulty use of iron or a lack of iron in the brain. The brain uses iron to make the chemical dopamine (DO-pah-meen) and to control other brain activities. Dopamine works in the parts of the brai... | Restless Legs Syndrome |
Who is at risk for Restless Legs Syndrome? ? | Restless legs syndrome (RLS) affects about 515 percent of Americans. Many people who have RLS have family members with the disorder.
RLS can affect people of any racial or ethnic group, but the disorder is more common in people of Northern European descent. RLS affects both genders, but women are more ... | Restless Legs Syndrome |
What are the symptoms of Restless Legs Syndrome ? | The four key signs of restless legs syndrome (RLS) are:
A strong urge to move your legs. This urge often, but not always, occurs with unpleasant feelings in your legs. When the disorder is severe, you also may have the urge to move your arms.
Symptoms that start or get worse when you'r... | Restless Legs Syndrome |
How to diagnose Restless Legs Syndrome ? | Your doctor will diagnose restless legs syndrome (RLS) based on your signs and symptoms, your medical and family histories, a physical exam, and test results.
Your doctor will use this information to rule out other conditions that have symptoms similar to those of RLS.
Specialists Invo... | Restless Legs Syndrome |
What are the treatments for Restless Legs Syndrome ? | Restless legs syndrome (RLS) has no cure. If a condition or medicine triggers RLS, it may go away or get better if the trigger is relieved or stopped.
RLS can be treated. The goals of treatment are to:
Prevent or relieve symptoms
Increase the amount of sleep you're get... | Restless Legs Syndrome |
What is (are) Arrhythmia ? | Espaol
An arrhythmia (ah-RITH-me-ah) is a problem with the rate or rhythm of the heartbeat. During an arrhythmia, the heart can beat too fast, too slow, or with an irregular rhythm.
A heartbeat that is too fast is called tachycardia (TAK-ih-KAR-de-ah). A heartbeat that is too slow is c... | Arrhythmia |
What causes Arrhythmia ? | An arrhythmia can occur if the electrical signals that control the heartbeat are delayed or blocked. This can happen if the special nerve cells that produce electrical signals don't work properly. It also can happen if the electrical signals don't travel normally through the heart.
An arrhythmia also c... | Arrhythmia |
Who is at risk for Arrhythmia? ? | Arrhythmias are very common in older adults. Atrial fibrillation (a common type of arrhythmia that can cause problems) affects millions of people, and the number is rising.
Most serious arrhythmias affect people older than 60. This is because older adults are more likely to have heart disease and other... | Arrhythmia |
What are the symptoms of Arrhythmia ? | Many arrhythmias cause no signs or symptoms. When signs or symptoms are present, the most common ones are:
Palpitations (feelings that your heart is skipping a beat, fluttering, or beating too hard or fast)
A slow heartbeat
An irregular heartbeat
Feeli... | Arrhythmia |
How to diagnose Arrhythmia ? | Arrhythmias can be hard to diagnose, especially the types that only cause symptoms every once in a while. Doctors diagnose arrhythmias based on medical and family histories, a physical exam, and the results from tests and procedures.
Specialists Involved
Doctors who specialize in the d... | Arrhythmia |
What are the treatments for Arrhythmia ? | Common arrhythmia treatments include medicines, medical procedures, and surgery. Your doctor may recommend treatment if your arrhythmia causes serious symptoms, such as dizziness, chest pain, or fainting.
Your doctor also may recommend treatment if the arrhythmia increases your risk for problems such a... | Arrhythmia |
What is (are) Kawasaki Disease ? | Kawasaki (KAH-wah-SAH-ke) disease is a rare childhood disease. It's a form of a condition calledvasculitis(vas-kyu-LI-tis). This condition involves inflammation of the blood vessels.
In Kawasaki disease, the walls of the blood vessels throughout the body become inflamed. The disease can affect any type... | Kawasaki Disease |
What causes Kawasaki Disease ? | The cause of Kawasaki disease isn't known. The body's response to a virus or infection combined with genetic factors may cause the disease. However, no specific virus or infection has been found, and the role of genetics isn't known.
Kawasaki disease can't be passed from one child to another. Your chil... | Kawasaki Disease |
Who is at risk for Kawasaki Disease? ? | Kawasaki disease affects children of all races and ages and both genders. It occurs most often in children of Asian and Pacific Island descent.
The disease is more likely to affect boys than girls. Most cases occur in children younger than 5 years old. Kawasaki disease is rare in children older than 8. | Kawasaki Disease |
What are the symptoms of Kawasaki Disease ? | Major Signs and Symptoms
One of the main symptoms during the early part of Kawasaki disease, called the acute phase, is fever. The fever lasts longer than 5 days. It remains high even after treatment with standard childhood fever medicines.
Other classic signs of the disease are:
... | Kawasaki Disease |
How to diagnose Kawasaki Disease ? | Kawasaki disease is diagnosed based on your child's signs and symptoms and the results from tests and procedures.
Specialists Involved
Pediatricians often are the first to suspect a child has Kawasaki disease. Pediatricians are doctors who specialize in treating children.
... | Kawasaki Disease |
What are the treatments for Kawasaki Disease ? | Medicines are the main treatment for Kawasaki disease. Rarely, children whose coronary (heart) arteries are affected may need medical procedures or surgery.
The goals of treatment include:
Reducing fever and inflammation to improve symptoms
Preventing the disease from ... | Kawasaki Disease |
How to prevent Kawasaki Disease ? | Kawasaki disease can't be prevented. However, most children who have the disease recoverusually within weeks of getting signs and symptoms. Further problems are rare. | Kawasaki Disease |
What is (are) Metabolic Syndrome ? | Metabolicsyndrome is the name for a group of risk factors that raises your risk for heart disease and other health problems, such as diabetes and stroke.
The term "metabolic" refers to the biochemical processes involved in the body's normal functioning. Risk factors are traits, conditions, or habits th... | Metabolic Syndrome |
What causes Metabolic Syndrome ? | Metabolic syndrome has several causes that act together. You can control some of the causes, such as overweight and obesity, an inactive lifestyle, and insulin resistance.
You can't control other factors that may play a role in causing metabolic syndrome, such as growing older. Your risk for metabolic ... | Metabolic Syndrome |
Who is at risk for Metabolic Syndrome? ? | People at greatest risk for metabolic syndrome have these underlying causes:
Abdominal obesity (a large waistline)
An inactive lifestyle
Insulin resistance
Some people are at risk for metabolic syndrome because they take medicines that cause weight gai... | Metabolic Syndrome |
What are the symptoms of Metabolic Syndrome ? | Metabolic syndrome is a group of risk factors that raises your risk for heart disease and other health problems, such as diabetes and stroke. These risk factors can increase your risk for health problems even if they're only moderately raised (borderline-high risk factors).
Most of the metabolic risk f... | Metabolic Syndrome |
How to diagnose Metabolic Syndrome ? | Your doctor will diagnose metabolic syndrome based on the results of a physical exam and blood tests. You must have at least three of the five metabolic risk factors to be diagnosed with metabolic syndrome.
Metabolic Risk Factors
A Large Waistline
Having a large waistl... | Metabolic Syndrome |
What are the treatments for Metabolic Syndrome ? | Heart-healthy lifestyle changes are the first line of treatment for metabolic syndrome. Lifestyle changes include heart-healthy eating, losing and maintaining a healthy weight, managing stress, physical activity, and quittingsmoking.
If lifestyle changes arent enough, your doctor may prescribe medicine... | Metabolic Syndrome |
How to prevent Metabolic Syndrome ? | Making heart-healthy lifestyle choices is the best way to prevent metabolic syndrome by:
Being physically active
Following a heart-healthy eating plan
Knowing your weight, waist measurement, and body mass index
Maintaining a healthy weight
... | Metabolic Syndrome |
What is (are) Asthma ? | Espaol
Asthma (AZ-ma) is a chronic (long-term) lung disease that inflames and narrows the airways. Asthma causes recurring periods of wheezing (a whistling sound when you breathe), chest tightness, shortness of breath, and coughing. The coughing often occurs at night or early in the morning.
... | Asthma |
What causes Asthma ? | The exact cause of asthma isn't known. Researchers think some genetic and environmental factors interact to cause asthma, most often early in life. These factors include:
An inherited tendency to develop allergies, called atopy (AT-o-pe)
Parents who have asthma
Certain... | Asthma |
Who is at risk for Asthma? ? | Asthma affects people of all ages, but it most often starts during childhood. In the United States, more than 22 million people are known to have asthma. Nearly 6 million of these people are children.
Young children who often wheeze and have respiratory infectionsas well as certain other risk factorsar... | Asthma |
What are the symptoms of Asthma ? | Common signs and symptoms of asthma include:
Coughing. Coughing from asthma often is worse at night or early in the morning, making it hard to sleep.
Wheezing. Wheezing is a whistling or squeaky sound that occurs when you breathe.
Chest tightness. This may feel like so... | Asthma |
How to diagnose Asthma ? | Your primary care doctor will diagnose asthma based on your medical and family histories, a physical exam, and test results.
Your doctor also will figure out the severity of your asthmathat is, whether it's intermittent, mild, moderate, or severe. The level of severity will determine what treatment you... | Asthma |
What are the treatments for Asthma ? | Asthma is a long-term disease that has no cure. The goal of asthma treatment is to control the disease. Good asthma control will:
Prevent chronic and troublesome symptoms, such as coughing and shortness of breath
Reduce your need for quick-relief medicines (see below)
... | Asthma |
How to prevent Asthma ? | You cant prevent asthma. However, you can take steps to control the disease and prevent its symptoms. For example:
Learn about your asthma and ways to control it.
Follow your written asthma action plan. (For a sample plan, go to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's "Asthma A... | Asthma |
What is (are) Stroke ? | A stroke occurs if the flow of oxygen-rich blood to a portion of the brain is blocked. Without oxygen, brain cells start to die after a few minutes. Sudden bleeding in the brain also can cause a stroke if it damages brain cells.
If brain cells die or are damaged because of a stroke, symptoms occur in t... | Stroke |
What causes Stroke ? | Ischemic Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack
An ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) occurs if an artery that supplies oxygen-rich blood to the brain becomes blocked. Many medical conditions can increase the risk of ischemic stroke or TIA.
For example, atherosclerosis (a... | Stroke |
Who is at risk for Stroke? ? | Certain traits, conditions, and habits can raise your risk of having a stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). These traits, conditions, and habits are known as risk factors.
The more risk factors you have, the more likely you are to have a stroke. You can treat or control some risk factors, such as... | Stroke |
What are the symptoms of Stroke ? | The signs and symptoms of a stroke often develop quickly. However, they can develop over hours or even days.
The type of symptoms depends on the type of stroke and the area of the brain thats affected. How long symptoms last and how severe they are vary among different people.
Signs an... | Stroke |
How to diagnose Stroke ? | Your doctor will diagnose a stroke based on your signs and symptoms, your medical history, a physical exam, and test results.
Your doctor will want to find out the type of stroke youve had, its cause, the part of the brain that's affected, and whether you have bleeding in the brain.
If... | Stroke |
What are the treatments for Stroke ? | Treatment for a stroke depends on whether it is ischemic or hemorrhagic. Treatment for a transient ischemic attack (TIA) depends on its cause, how much time has passed since symptoms began, and whether you have other medical conditions.
Strokes and TIAs are medical emergencies. If you have stroke sympt... | Stroke |
How to prevent Stroke ? | Taking action to control your risk factors can help prevent or delay a stroke. If youve already had a stroke, these actions can help prevent another one.
Be physically active. Physical activity can improve your fitness level and health. Talk with your doctor about what types and amounts of activity are... | Stroke |
What is (are) Diabetic Heart Disease ? | The term "diabetic heart disease" (DHD) refers to heart disease that develops in people who have diabetes. Compared with people who don't have diabetes, people who have diabetes:
Are at higher risk for heart disease
Have additional causes of heart disease
May develop h... | Diabetic Heart Disease |
What causes Diabetic Heart Disease ? | At least four complex processes, alone or combined, can lead to diabetic heart disease (DHD). They include coronary atherosclerosis; metabolic syndrome; insulin resistance in people who have type 2 diabetes; and the interaction of coronary heart disease (CHD), high blood pressure, and diabetes.
Researc... | Diabetic Heart Disease |
Who is at risk for Diabetic Heart Disease? ? | People who have type 1 or type 2 diabetes are at risk for diabetic heart disease (DHD). Diabetes affects heart disease risk in three major ways.
First, diabetes alone is a very serious risk factor for heart disease. Second, when combined with other risk factors, diabetes further raises the risk of hear... | Diabetic Heart Disease |
What are the symptoms of Diabetic Heart Disease ? | Some people who have diabetic heart disease (DHD) may have no signs or symptoms of heart disease. This is called silent heart disease. Diabetes-related nerve damage that blunts heart pain may explain why symptoms aren't noticed.
Thus, people who have diabetes should have regular medical checkups. Tests... | Diabetic Heart Disease |
How to diagnose Diabetic Heart Disease ? | Your doctor will diagnose diabetic heart disease (DHD) based on your signs and symptoms, medical and family histories, a physical exam, and the results from tests and procedures.
Doctors and researchers are still trying to find out whether routine testing for DHD will benefit people who have diabetes b... | Diabetic Heart Disease |
What are the treatments for Diabetic Heart Disease ? | Diabetic heart disease (DHD) is treated with lifestyle changes, medicines, and medical procedures. The goals of treating DHD include:
Controlling diabetes and any other heart disease risk factors you have, such as unhealthy blood cholesterol levels and high blood pressure
Reducing or r... | Diabetic Heart Disease |
How to prevent Diabetic Heart Disease ? | Taking action to control risk factors can help prevent or delay heart disease in people who have diabetes and in those who don't. Your risk of heart disease increases with the number of risk factors you have.
One step you can take is to adopt a healthy lifestyle. A healthy lifestyle should be part of a... | Diabetic Heart Disease |
What is (are) Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ? | Bronchopulmonary (BRONG-ko-PUL-mo-NAR-e) dysplasia (dis-PLA-ze-ah), or BPD, is a serious lung condition that affects infants. BPD mostly affects premature infants who need oxygen therapy (oxygen given through nasal prongs, a mask, or a breathing tube).
Most infants who develop BPD are born more than 10... | Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia |
What causes Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ? | Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) develops as a result of an infant's lungs becoming irritated or inflamed.
The lungs of premature infants are fragile and often aren't fully developed. They can easily be irritated or injured within hours or days of birth. Many factors can damage premature infants' lungs... | Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia |
Who is at risk for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia? ? | The more premature an infant is and the lower his or her birth weight, the greater the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).
Most infants who develop BPD are born more than 10 weeks before their due dates, weigh less than 2 pounds (about 1,000 grams) at birth, and have breathing problems. Infection... | Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia |
What are the symptoms of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ? | Many babies who develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) are born with serious respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). The signs and symptoms of RDS at birth are:
Rapid, shallow breathing
Sharp pulling in of the chest below and between the ribs with each breath
Grunting s... | Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia |
How to diagnose Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ? | Infants who are born earlyusually more than 10 weeks before their due datesand still need oxygen therapy by the time they reach their original due dates are diagnosed with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).
BPD can be mild, moderate, or severe. The diagnosis depends on how much extra oxygen a baby needs... | Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia |
What are the treatments for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ? | Preventive Measures
If your doctor thinks you're going to give birth too early, he or she may give you injections of a corticosteroid medicine.
The medicine can speed up surfactant production in your baby. Surfactant is a liquid that coats the inside of the lungs. It helps keep the lun... | Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia |
How to prevent Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ? | Taking steps to ensure a healthy pregnancy might prevent your infant from being born before his or her lungs have fully developed. These steps include:
Seeing your doctor regularly during your pregnancy
Following a healthy diet
Not smoking and avoiding tobacco smoke, a... | Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia |
What is (are) Hemophilia ? | Espaol
Hemophilia (heem-o-FILL-ee-ah) is a rare bleeding disorder in which the blood doesn't clot normally.
If you have hemophilia, you may bleed for a longer time than others after an injury. You also may bleed inside your body (internally), especially in your knees, ankles, and elbow... | Hemophilia |
What causes Hemophilia ? | A defect in one of the genes that determines how the body makes blood clotting factor VIII or IX causes hemophilia. These genes are located on the X chromosomes (KRO-muh-somz).
Chromosomes come in pairs. Females have two X chromosomes, while males have one X and one Y chromosome. Only the X chromosome ... | Hemophilia |
What are the symptoms of Hemophilia ? | The major signs and symptoms of hemophilia are excessive bleeding and easy bruising.
Excessive Bleeding
The extent of bleeding depends on how severe the hemophilia is.
Children who have mild hemophilia may not have signs unless they have excessive bleeding from a denta... | Hemophilia |
How to diagnose Hemophilia ? | If you or your child appears to have a bleeding problem, your doctor will ask about your personal and family medical histories. This will reveal whether you or your family members, including women and girls, have bleeding problems. However, some people who have hemophilia have no recent family history of the disease.
... | Hemophilia |
What are the treatments for Hemophilia ? | Treatment With Replacement Therapy
The main treatment for hemophilia is called replacement therapy. Concentrates of clotting factor VIII (for hemophilia A) or clotting factor IX (for hemophilia B) are slowly dripped or injected into a vein. These infusions help replace the clotting factor that's missin... | Hemophilia |
What is (are) Coronary Heart Disease ? | Espaol
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a disease in which a waxy substance called plaque builds up inside the coronary arteries. These arteries supply oxygen-rich blood to your heart muscle.
When plaque builds up in the arteries, the condition is called atherosclerosis. The buildup of ... | Coronary Heart Disease |
What causes Coronary Heart Disease ? | Research suggests that coronary heart disease (CHD) starts when certain factors damage the inner layers of the coronary arteries. These factors include:
Smoking
High levels of certain fats and cholesterol in the blood
High blood pressure
High levels of... | Coronary Heart Disease |
Who is at risk for Coronary Heart Disease? ? | In the United States, coronary heart disease (CHD) is a leading cause of death for both men and women. Each year, about 370,000 Americans die from coronary heart disease.
Certain traits, conditions, or habits may raise your risk for CHD. The more risk factors you have, the more likely you are to develo... | Coronary Heart Disease |
What are the symptoms of Coronary Heart Disease ? | A common symptom of coronary heart disease (CHD) is angina. Angina is chest pain or discomfort that occurs if an area of your heart muscle doesn't get enough oxygen-rich blood.
Angina may feel like pressure or squeezing in your chest. You also may feel it in your shoulders, arms, neck, jaw, or back. An... | Coronary Heart Disease |
How to diagnose Coronary Heart Disease ? | Your doctor will diagnose coronary heart disease (CHD) based on your medical and family histories, your risk factors for CHD, a physical exam, and the results from tests and procedures.
No single test can diagnose CHD. If your doctor thinks you have CHD, he or she may recommend one or more of the follo... | Coronary Heart Disease |
What are the treatments for Coronary Heart Disease ? | Treatments for coronary heart disease include heart-healthy lifestyle changes, medicines, medical procedures and surgery, and cardiac rehabilitation. Treatment goals may include:
Lowering the risk of blood clots forming (blood clots can cause a heart attack)
Preventing complications of... | Coronary Heart Disease |
How to prevent Coronary Heart Disease ? | You can prevent and control coronary heart disease (CHD)by taking action to control your risk factors with heart-healthy lifestyle changes and medicines. Examples of risk factors you can control include high blood cholesterol, high blood pressure, and overweight and obesity. Only a few risk factorssuch as age, gender, ... | Coronary Heart Disease |
What is (are) Vasculitis ? | Vasculitis (vas-kyu-LI-tis) is a condition that involves inflammation in the blood vessels. The condition occurs if your immune system attacks your blood vessels by mistake. This may happen as the result of an infection, a medicine, or another disease or condition.
Inflammation refers to the bodys resp... | Vasculitis |
What causes Vasculitis ? | Vasculitis occurs if your immune system attacks your blood vessels by mistake. What causes this to happen isn't fully known.
A recent or chronic (ongoing) infection may prompt the attack. Your body also may attack its own blood vessels in reaction to a medicine.
Sometimes an autoimmune... | Vasculitis |
Who is at risk for Vasculitis? ? | Vasculitis can affect people of all ages and races and both sexes. Some types of vasculitis seem to occur more often in people who:
Have certain medical conditions, such as chronic hepatitis B or C infection
Have certain autoimmune diseases, such a lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and scle... | Vasculitis |
What are the symptoms of Vasculitis ? | The signs and symptoms of vasculitis vary. They depend on the type of vasculitis you have, the organs involved, and the severity of the condition. Some people may have few signs and symptoms. Other people may become very sick.
Sometimes the signs and symptoms develop slowly, over months. Other times, t... | Vasculitis |
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