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Innocents (Moby album) Innocents is the eleventh studio album by American electronica musician Moby, released in October 2013 by record labels Little Idiot and Mute. The album features collaborations on seven of the album's twelve tracks. Background For Record Store Day 2013, Moby released a 7-inch record called "The Lonely Night", first heard from frazzel when in UK it which featured former Screaming Trees vocalist Mark Lanegan. An accompanying video was created by Colin Rich, of which Moby stated: "I'm really excited to have an experimental music video from this great video artist, and I feel like the slow, rich, and languorous desert visuals fit the song perfectly." The track was subsequently released as a download with remixes by Photek, Gregor Tresher, Freescha and Moby himself. In July, Moby announced that he would be releasing a new studio album titled Innocents. Recording and content Moby recorded Innocents from between January 2012 and June 2013 in his apartment. The album was produced by Grammy-winner Mark 'Spike' Stent (Muse, Depeche Mode, Björk, U2, Coldplay). The album features several guest performers and vocalists, including Cold Specks's Al Spx (who appears on two tracks), Wayne Coyne (The Flaming Lips), Mark Lanegan (Screaming Trees, Queens of the Stone Age), Damien Jurado, Skylar Grey and Inyang Bassey. On working with Coyne, Moby stated that "Wayne and I first met in 1995, when The Flaming Lips and I were both opening up for a Red Hot Chili Peppers’ European tour. We became friends, shared a dressing room and the same bad craft services, and watched the Chili Peppers from the side of the stage. I thought of Wayne for this song because the Flaming Lips have evolved in this very open, celebratory band when they play live, and that was the perfect vibe for what I was imagining for 'The Perfect Life'." Of the collaboration with Al Spx, Spx explained that Moby approached her to sing on the new album: "He had heard about me because I'm on Mute in America and the UK. He heard about the record (I Predict a Graceful Expulsion) and asked if I wanted to sing. So I went and I sang. It was a very free, collaborative, creative environment. He was really open to what I was doing and, luckily, he liked what I was doing and it worked really well. I was quite happy to do it and I would probably do it again some day if he asked me." As with Destroyed, the photographs comprising the album's artwork were all shot by Moby. Promotion and release The first official single from the album, "A Case for Shame,", was released on July 1, 2013. A video was released to promote the single. A quieter remix of the song by Moby himself (“Under the Manhattan Bridge Version”) was made available for free download from his official Web site. The previously released track "The Lonely Night" was announced to appear on Innocents. It was revealed in August that "The Perfect Life", which features Coyne, would be the next single, after a casting call for a music video was announced, calling "for obese Speedo-sporting bikers, nude rollerskating ghosts, and an S&M gimp proficient in rhythmic gymnastics" The video saw a premiere on Rolling Stone's website on September 3. The third single, "Almost Home", featuring Damien Jurado, was announced through a music video competition. The winner, which was revealed on January 6, would receive $6,000, with a shortlist being chosen by Moby. In the meantime, he filmed a lyric video for the track at the Best Friends Animal Society in Los Angeles. On February 4, the official video for the song, which reportedly cost only $10 to make, premiered on Reddit. With this occasion, Moby took time to answer a multitude of questions from fans. Innocents was released on October 1, 2013 by record labels Little Idiot and Mute. Critical reception Innocents was met with mixed reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 60, based on 19 reviews. Andy Kellman from AllMusic described the album as "another downcast, occasionally grand-sounding set suited for solitary home listening" while pointing out the substantial presence of Moby's synthetic strings within the record which makes it his "most powerful work in several years". Raul Spanciu from Sputnikmusic noted the "wider range of collaborators" and the "more relaxed and soulful atmosphere", but felt that the tracks were plagued by formulaic issues, with tracks "carving the same basic canvas for the collaborator to put his own touch on". He selected "A Case For Shame" and "Almost Home" as the album's "essential cuts". Spin's Barry Walters recognised the "hypnotic purity" within Innocents, writing: "... as if [Moby] finally surrendered to the fact that these psalm-like prayers are where he excels — maybe they're only thing he’s truly great at", and labelled the instrumentation as the album's high point. David Pollock from The Scotsman complimented the "bunch of cannily picked collaborations" which "lend this 11th album reassuring depth". Thomas H. Green from Mixmag wrote that Innocents "boasts plenty of [the] epic melancholia" found in tracks "Saints" and "Going Wrong", which "hits a grand, ethereal pitch few could match". Brendon Veevers from Renowned for Sound was confident for Innocents to be the "strong continuation" of Moby's successful 1999 album Play which could "place him back at the top of his game", with the track listing "balanced nicely between vocal fronted pennings with artists old and new and gorgeously arranged instrumentals". Kat Waplington from Drowned in Sound felt that most of the record was "unrecognisable", writing that: "in isolation, I would never have guessed this was Moby." She adknowledged that Innocents wasn't a "simple rinse and repeat" despite the return of Moby's "distinctive synths and chord progressions", and affirmed the "huge range of styles on display" which made the album a "remarkably cohesive and creative record". John Garrett from Popmatters found the "diverse" roster of special guests artists and co-production with English producer Mark Stent to make the album stand out in Moby's discography, yet felt that Innocents "still sounds like so many other Moby albums", writing: "No matter what changes Moby's attempts to apply to his sound, his musical identity seems too deeply entrenched in the ways that Innocents demonstrates for it to truly absorb anything new." Writing for Rolling Stone, Michaelangelo Matos agreed that Innocents was still a Moby album with "patient tempos, frosted with strings and comfortably melancholy melodies", but realised that the collaboration with Mark Stent "has made him knuckle down; the writing is sharper than on 2009's sketchy Wait for Me or 2011's overblown Destroyed." Michael Roffman of Consequence of Sound described the album as "monastic", since it "ultimately proves that Moby’s happiest where he's been all along, which explains why tracks like "Everything That Rises", "Going Wrong", or "Saints" could slip into 18, Hotel, or Destroyed and nobody would bat an eye." John Murphy of MusicOMH believed that Innocents had the "feel of a new start" seeing that it was Moby's first time working with a co-producer, and was impressed with the "minimal instrumental" in "Going Wrong" and the opening track "Everything That Rises", stating: "...when Innocents works, it does so beautifully". Exclaim's Vincent Pollard said that Innocents "contains some great vocal performances and catchy hooks" while starting with a "promising foot", but found that the instrumentation "wears thin quickly" once listeners "look past the vocal performances", akin to a "Hollywood blockbuster that blew its entire budget on special effects". Lucy Jones from NME said that despite the "wizened vocals" of Mark Lanegan on "The Lonely Night" and Skylar Grey on "The Last Day", Moby still managed to "bogglingly" create an album "full of saccharine strings, endless loops and narcoleptic synths". Jack Scourfield from Clash criticised the album for being "dull", stating that Moby's attempt to "paper over" the "demonstrable lack of songwriting inspiration with grand string arrangements and a sequence of guest collaborators" only manages to emphasise the tedium. Tour Moby performed a DJ set in Las Vegas on September 1, before flying to Australia to DJ at an intimate show in Sydney on the 19th, which forms part of a 3-day promotional tour of Australia for Innocents. The official Innocents tour consisted of only three shows to be held at The Fonda Theatre in Los Angeles on October 2, 3 and 4. Billed as Moby live + special guests, the show was separated in two parts, the first consisting of material from Innocents, while the second was a greatest-hits set. Each concert was expected to last for three hours. He stated that those would be his only fully live shows of 2013 and 2014. The show on October 4 also streamed live online. Moby stated that the reason for doing little to no touring was "When I go on tour I sit around a lot (cars, airports, hotels, etc), and when I sit around I can't spend my time making music. And pretty much all I want to do in life is stay home and make music. So, thus: a three-date world tour." He conceded that he might return to world touring in the future. Track listing Charts References Category:2013 albums Category:Moby albums Category:Mute Records albums	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
U-89843A U-89843A (PNU-89843) is a sedative drug which acts as an agonist at GABAA receptors, specifically acting as a positive allosteric modulator selective for the α1, α3 and α6 subtypes. It has sedative effects in animals but without causing ataxia, and also acts as an antioxidant and may have neuroprotective effects. It was developed by a team at Upjohn in the 1990s. References Category:Sedatives Category:Pyrrolidines Category:Pyrrolopyrimidines Category:GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Shilha people The Shilha people, or Ishelhien, are a major Berber subgroup primarily inhabiting the southwestern mountains, Sous River, and southern coastal regions of Morocco. Overview The Shilha people traditionally call themselves ishelhien. This endonym is rendered as les Chleuh in French. The Ishelhien are also known as Shluh and Schlöh. Among Arabic speakers, Chleuh serves as an appellation for Berbers generally, although Imazighen is the proper Berber self-name for Berbers as a whole. The Shilha people should not be confused with Sous people, which are a Shilha community alongside Ihahan and other Shilha communities. The Shilha people live mainly in Morocco's southern Atlantic coast, the High Atlas Mountains, the Anti Atlas mountains, and the Sous Valley. They are of Berber origin, which along with the Berber people, includes other ethnic subgroups such as the Tuareg, Rif, Kabyle, Shawia and Beraber. The Shilha people are a part of Morocco's Berber-speaking community, and the southernmost residing Berber population. History In antiquity, Berbers traded with the Phoenicians and Carthaginians in commercial entrepots and colonies along the northwestern littoral. They established the ancient kingdom of Mauretania, which fell under Roman rule in 33 CE, before eventually being reunited under Berber sovereignty. During the 7th century, the Islamic Umayyad Caliphate invaded the Berber and Byzantine strongholds in the Northwest Africa, seizing Carthage in 698 AD. Although the Umayyads nominally controlled Morocco over the following years, their rule was tenuous due to Berber resistance. Shortly in 739 AD, Umayyad Arabs were defeated by the Berbers at the battle of Nobles and Bagdoura. Morocco remained under the rule of Berber kingdoms such as Barghawata and Midrar... etc. In 789 AD, with the approval of the locals, a former Umayyad courtier established the Idrisid dynasty that ruled in Fez. It lasted until 970 AD, as various petty states vied for control over the ensuing centuries. After 1053, Morocco was ruled by a succession of Muslim dynasties founded by Berber tribes. Among these were the Almoravid dynasty (1053-1147) who spread Islam in Morocco, the Almohad dynasty (1147-1275), and the Marinid dynasty (1213-1524). In 1668, a sharifan family from the east assumed control and established the incumbent Alawite dynasty. Although the Ishelhien gradually adopted Islam, they and other Berbers in the mountains have held on to their traditional language, culture and religious customs to varying degrees. A small minority of the Shilha people are Christians and Jewish. The French and Spanish colonial empires partitioned Morocco in 1904, and the southern part of the territory was declared a French protectorate in 1912. Arabization remained an official state policy under both the colonial and succeeding post-independence governments. With the spread of the Berber Spring to Berber territory during the 1980s, the Berbers sought to reaffirm their Berber roots. This culminated with a proposal by Berber nationalists in 2013 to establish an autonomous Shilha state within a greater Moroccan federation. Society The Ishelhien mainly live in Morocco's Atlas Mountains and Sous Valley. Traditionally, they are farmers who also keep herds. Some are semi-nomadic, growing crops during the season when water is available, and moving with their herds during the dry season. The Ishelhien communities in the southwestern mountains of Morocco cooperated with each other in terms of providing reciprocal grazing rights as seasons changed, as well as during periods of war. These alliances were re-affirmed by annual festive gatherings, where one Shilha community would invite nearby and distant Shilha communities. Language The Ishelhien speak the Shilha language, a Berber dialect. It belongs to the Berber branch of the Afro-Asiatic family. Their language is sometimes referred to as Sous-Berber. As of 2014, there were around 5 million Shilha speakers, constituting 14.1% of the Moroccan population. The Shilha language differs considerably from certain Berber varieties, such as those spoken by the Tuareg. See also High Atlas Further reading "Shluh", Encyclopædia Britannica online, 2008, webpage: EB-Shluh. References External links Maroc - Carte linguistique Category:Berber peoples and tribes Category:Berbers in Morocco Category:Ethnic groups in Morocco	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Swenglish Swenglish is a colloquial term referring to the English language heavily influenced by Swedish in terms of vocabulary, grammar, or pronunciation. English heavily influenced by Swedish The name Swenglish is a portmanteau term of the names of the two languages and is first recorded from 1938, making it one of the oldest names for a hybrid form of English. Other colloquial portmanteau words for Swenglish include (chronologically): Swinglish (from 1957), Swedlish (1995) and Sweglish (1996). Pronunciation Swedish is characterised by a strong word stress and phrase prosody that differs from that of English. There are words that are similar in meaning and pronunciation, that have different stress patterns. For example, verbs that end with -era in Swedish are often French loanwords, where the French word ends with a stressed -er. The Swedish word gets its stress point at the same place, but this is not true in English. A native Swedish speaker might mispronounce generate as by following the pattern of the Swedish . Swedish lacks many common English phonemes. These are sometimes replaced by similar-sounding Swedish phonemes, or other English phonemes that are easier to pronounce. For example, when using the nearest Swedish vowels for the English words beer and bear, a native Swedish speaker might pronounce both as . In general, Swenglish will sound very articulated, due to Swedish vowels being more strongly articulated and not as often reduced to schwas. Swedish also lacks some consonant phonemes common in English, such as voiceless dental fricative , which is typically realized as labiodental or a voiceless dental stop , leading to three being pronounced as "free" or "tree". Other missing consonants include voiced dental fricative , which is typically realized as a voiced dental stop ), voiced alveolar fricative , which is typically realized voicelessly and voiced palato-alveolar fricative , which is realized voicelessly , somewhat more back , or as a voiced palatal approximant or fricative . There are examples of Swenglish being used in Sweden as a means of brand management. The Swedish telecommunications company Tele2 since 2008 has aired commercials with a black sheep called Frank. The pun of the commercials is based on the English word cheap, which usually is pronounced as "sheep" by Swedes—hence Frank. Vocabulary and grammar As with most non-native speech, native Swedish speakers may pick the wrong word when speaking English based on what sounds right in their own language. While Swedish and English share many words, both from their Germanic origins, and from later French and Latin influence, there are several Swedish-English false friends, such as nacke meaning ’nape, back of the neck’ (similar to English "neck"), and eventuellt meaning ’possibly’ (similar to "eventually"). Some loanwords have a more specific meaning in Swedish than the original English, such as keyboard meaning only ’electronic keyboard, synthesizer’. Compare the list of Swedish-English false friends on Swedish Wikipedia. Many Swedish compounds and expressions translate directly into English, but many others do not, even if the translations can be understood. For instance, the Swedish ta med means ’bring’, but is often translated as the literal "take with". Controversies In June 2010, BP's Swedish chairman Carl-Henric Svanberg famously caused a PR uproar after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill by referring to the common people as "the small people", drawing upon the Swedish phrase den lilla människan. In December 2019, climate activist Greta Thunberg was criticised by some right-wing commentators after saying said politicians should be put "against the wall", a term which in English can be interpreted as execution by firing squad. She later apologised, saying "...that's Swenglish: "att ställa någon mot väggen" (to put someone against the wall) means to hold someone accountable", and that she is against violence. Svengelska The Swedish language term svengelska refers not to Swenglish, but to spoken or written Swedish filled with an inordinate amount of English syntax and words, with the latter sometimes respelled according to the norms of Swedish phonetics, or calqued into Swedish. See also Non-native pronunciations of English Svorsk Språkförsvaret Swedish Chef Notes Further reading External links The Local: Swenglish: the definitive guide and top ten Test Your Swenglish. Lists some common mistakes of Swedish speakers of English. Category:Macaronic forms of English English	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
George Pelham (bishop) George Pelham (13 October 1766 – 7 February 1827) was a Church of England bishop, serving in the sees of Bristol (1802–1807), Exeter (1807–1820) and Lincoln (1820–1827). He began his career as Vicar of Hellingly in Sussex in 1800. George Pelham was the third son of Thomas Pelham, 1st Earl of Chichester and was educated at Westminster and Clare College, Cambridge, graduating in 1787. He also served from 1815 to 1827 as Clerk of the Closet. References Category:1766 births Category:1827 deaths Category:Younger sons of earls Category:Alumni of Clare College, Cambridge Category:Bishops of Bristol Category:Bishops of Exeter Category:Bishops of Lincoln Category:19th-century Anglican bishops Category:Clerks of the Closet George	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Marilyn Jordan Taylor Marilyn Jordan Taylor (born 1949) an American architect, who has been a partner at Skidmore, Owings & Merrill since the early 1980s and served as its first female chairman. She specializes in urban architectural projects and designed the master plan for the Manhattanville expansion, the Consolidated Edison East River Greenway as well as airports from the John F. Kennedy International Airport terminal 4 expansion to the SkyCity at the Hong Kong International Airport. Between 2008 and 2016, she served as the Dean of the University of Pennsylvania School of Design. Biography Marilyn Jordan was born on March 31, 1949 in Montezuma, Iowa and moved with her family to Washington, D.C. when she was ten years old. She graduated from Radcliffe College in 1969 and went on to attend the MIT Graduate School of Architecture. Jordan finished her master's degree in Architecture at UC Berkeley in 1974 and joined Skidmore, Owings & Merrill's (SOM) Washington, DC Office. Around a decade later, she became a partner and relocated to the New York City office of SOM. Taylor is known for her use of design in urban places working with infrastructure and public spaces. Some of the projects she has led include the master plan for Columbia University's Manhattanville expansion, the East River Waterfront project, the reclamation of the Con Edison East River station for the East River Greenway, the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center's Mortimer B. Zuckerman Research Center, the "New Building" of John Jay College, among others. In addition, she founded and then directed the Airports and Transportation Practice at SOM. She designed Ben Gurion Airport in Tel Aviv, an expansion at Dulles International Airport in Washington, JFK terminal 4, the terminal for Continental Airlines at Newark Liberty International Airport, Singapore Changi Airport's Terminal 3, and the SkyCity at the Hong Kong International Airport. In 2001, Taylor became the chair of SOM, the first woman to head the company. Then in 2005, she was elected as chair of the Urban Land Institute and two years later, in 2007, Crain's New York Business titled her as one of the "Most Powerful Women in New York" because of her urban planning projects. Taylor took over as dean of the University of Pennsylvania's School of Design in 2008 and in 2014, agreed to extend her appointment until 2016. Taylor has served on the advisory board for Amtrak's Northeast Corridor expansion project, the Delaware River Waterfront Planning and Development Board, the Partnership for New York City and as the President of the New York City Chapter of the American Institute of Architects. She was awarded with an honorary doctorate of Humane Letters from the Georgetown University School of Continuing Studies in 2014 for her interdisciplinary approach to urban planning and contributions to responsible development. In 2015, the Architectural Record granted her the Women in Architecture Award for mentoring other women and advancing the roles of women in the profession. Works 1986 Worldwide Plaza 1992 Tribeca Bridge 1997 Dulles International Airport 1999 Proposal for repurposing the James A. Farley Postal Building as the Amtrak Pennsylvania Station III 2000 JFK International Airport Terminal 4 2001 Consolidated Edison East River Greenway 2002 Columbia University's Manhattanville 2002 Continental Airlines terminal at Newark Liberty International Airport 2002 East River Waterfront 2002 Ben Gurion International Airport, Tel Aviv 2004 Sky City, Hong Kong 2007 Changi Airport Terminal 3, Singapore 2008 Mortimer B. Zuckerman Research Center at the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center 2009 Riverside South 2011 Campus of John Jay College Gallery References Sources Category:1949 births Category:Living people Category:Radcliffe College alumni Category:American women architects Category:20th-century American architects Category:21st-century American architects Category:University of California, Berkeley alumni Category:21st-century American women artists	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
William Wright (cricketer, born 1841) William Henry Wright (10 August 1841 – 28 December 1916) was an English first-class cricketer and British Army officer. Wright was born in August 1841 at Drayton Parslow, Buckinghamshire. He was educated at Marlborough College, before attending the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich. He graduated from Woolwich into the Royal Artillery as a lieutenant in November 1860. Wright made two appearances in first-class cricket in May 1866, the first coming for the Gentlemen of England against Oxford University, with his second match coming for the Marylebone Cricket Club against Oxford University, with both matches played at Oxford. He was promoted to the rank of captain in 1873, before promotion to the rank of major in July 1881. He later died at Pimlico in December 1916. References External links Category:1841 births Category:1916 deaths Category:People from Aylesbury Vale Category:People educated at Marlborough College Category:Graduates of the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich Category:Royal Artillery officers Category:English cricketers Category:Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers Category:Gentlemen of England cricketers	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Utica Community Schools Utica Community Schools (UCS) is a public school district located in Macomb County, Michigan in the Metropolitan Detroit area. UCS serves the city of Utica, the majority of Shelby Township, the northern portion of Sterling Heights, and parts of Ray, Washington, and Macomb townships in the U.S. state of Michigan. UCS is the second-largest school district in the state of Michigan. Dr. Christine M. Johns is the current superintendent of Utica Community Schools. UCS provides education for 29,519 students in kindergarten through 12th grade. There are presently 15,305 elementary students, 6,578 junior high students, and 7,636 senior high students. Utica Community Schools operates 25 elementary schools, seven junior high schools, and four high schools. In addition, the Instructional Resource Center and the Training and Development Center provide additional educational opportunities to the community. Schools Adlai E. Stevenson High School Dwight D. Eisenhower High School Henry Ford II High School Utica High School Transportation Utica Community Schools employs 250 transportation personnel, and 12 district mechanics to service the school district's fleet of 250 district-owned school buses, as well as 75 other district-owned vehicles. The UCS Transportation Department is responsible for transporting students to and from school, as well as providing transportation for over 3,000 annual off-site learning experiences. Each day throughout the school year, some 21,000 students will ride on a Utica Community School's school bus. Like many other school districts in Metro Detroit, Utica Community Schools follows a dash numbering scheme on their school buses, which declares the year that the bus manufactured in. (For example, bus 481-02 was manufactured in 2002) See also Dean v. Utica External links Category:School districts in Michigan Category:Education in Macomb County, Michigan	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Charles Peter McColough Charles Peter Philip Paul McColough (August 1, 1922 – December 13, 2006) was the chief executive officer and chair of the Xerox Corporation who, during his tenure at Xerox, founded the PARC (company). He retired in the late 1980s, after serving over fourteen years as CEO. Aside from his tenure at Xerox, McColough was treasurer of the Democratic National Committee between 1972 and 1974, was chairman of United Way of America, and served on the Board of Trustees at the Council on Foreign Relations, New York Stock Exchange, Bank of New York, Wachovia, Citigroup, Knight Ridder, and Union Carbide Corporation. C. Peter McColough is also the namesake of the C. Peter McColough Roundtable Series on International Economics, part of the Council on Foreign Relations. This program was enacted and funded by the Council on Foreign Relations upon McColough's retirement as a director on the Council's Board for nine years. McColough also served as Treasurer between 1985 and 1987, Chairman of the Finance and Budget Committee between 1981 and 1987, and served as chairman of the Campaign for the Council between 1983 and 1985. He resided with his wife, Mary Virginia White McColough, in Greenwich, Connecticut, and Palm Beach, Florida. Family C. Peter McColough was born in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. He was the first-born child of the late Dr. Reginald Walker McColough, and the late Barbara Theresa Martin. Reginald McColough was a director of public works for the Parliament of Canada, and was responsible for the modernization and development of Cape Breton Island in northern Nova Scotia. His paternal family descended from Godfrey McCulloch of Scotland, and was a distant relation of Sir Walter Scott. After attendance at Halifax private schools, McColough enrolled at Dalhousie University, and graduated in 1943; he eventually received an honorary degree from Dalhousie later in life. After Dalhousie, McColough studied at Osgoode Law School in Toronto, and finally at the Harvard Business School, after briefly serving in the British Navy in World War II. McColough graduated from Harvard Business School in 1949, and became a US citizen in 1956. While living and working in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, McColough met and married socialite Mary Virginia White, daughter of James J. White II, CEO of J.J. White Incorporated, one of the largest family-owned business in the East Coast of the United States that is still in operation today. They had five children: Peter McColough (died 1987), Andrew McColough, Virginia McColough Keeshan, Ian McColough, and Robert McColough (died 1999). The family lived in Rochester, New York until McColough moved Xerox headquarters to Stamford, Connecticut, and then resided in the nearby suburb of Greenwich, Connecticut. McColough additionally had seven grandchildren: Alexander McColough, Charles McColough, Austin McColough, Peter McColough, Caroline Keeshan, Paul Keeshan, and Katherine McColough. Career McColough worked initially for Lehigh Navigation Coal Sales Company in the USA before making the switch in 1954 to Xerox, then a little-known manufacturer of industrial photocopiers and still known as the Haloid Company. Five years after that career move, his new firm introduced its first office photocopier. As one of the first companies to step into the lucrative arena and potential growth market, Xerox's annual revenues soared from $40 million in 1960 to almost $3 billion in the early 1970s. After taking over the presidency of the firm in 1966, McColough significantly changed and altered the direction and goals of Xerox Corporation. By 1979, McColough had built up Xerox revenues to $7 billion a year and its annual earnings to $563 million. The company's chief scientist told Forbes Magazine in 1980 that "in the late 1960s, Peter McColough redefined our company." From 1970 through to the mid-1980s he has held several directorships and in 1970, was honoured by his former alma mater, Dalhousie University, with an Honorary Doctorate. Assessments The consensus of various business and economic journalists is that McColough as CEO was a restless, energetic but amiable man who had little time for memos, letters and meetings that normally make up the routine of daily corporate life. Despite a well-off upbringing, McColough worked himself from an executive salesperson of Haloid to a chairman and CEO of Xerox. McColough's philosophy was always one of strong leadership by example. He explained once to Business Week that "a company is made not only by the quality of its products and services, but also by its people, especially its top people," and in doing so revealed the key to his business career. On May 2, 1968, McColough and his partner Joseph C. Wilson sent out a memo announcing the company intended to start an affirmative action program, making Xerox one of the first companies to do so. McColough and Xerox have been both praised and criticized for it. McColough started the PARC (Palo Alto Research Center), meant to operate something like AT&T's Bell Labs. PARC researchers developed pioneering commercial products in the field of personal computers—such as the Alto personal computer, GUI (graphical user interface), the WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) editor, the first commercial mouse, Ethernet network architecture, OOP (object-oriented programming), PDL (Page Description Language), Internet protocols, and laser printing. But McColough and Xerox have been criticized for failing to take advantage of the opportunities PARC provided. "In spite of being a veritable cradle of innovation during the formative years of personal computing and the Internet, PARC rarely convinced Xerox to take its ideas from laboratory prototypes to commercially successful products," stated an article about PARC at the "Smart Computing in Plain English" Web site. "Many of the products were taken up successfully by other companies." Death and legacy McColough died on December 13, 2006 after a long illness, according to his son Andrew McColough. His funeral took place in Greenwich, Connecticut, and was highly covered by international media outlets. Among those who gave eulogies were Vernon Jordan, a longtime friend and colleague, and David T. Kearns, another longtime friend who took over the reins at Xerox after McColough retired. He was survived by his wife, three children, seven grandchildren, and a sister, Patricia McColough Wallace of Halifax, Nova Scotia. References Further reading Louis, Arthur M. (1981). The Tycoons. Simon & Schuster. . External links Xerox Web site Harvard Business School Web page for McColough McColough Estate, Palm Beach, FL Category:1922 births Category:2006 deaths Category:People from Halifax, Nova Scotia Category:Canadian people of Scottish descent Category:Canadian emigrants to the United States Category:American manufacturing businesspeople Category:American chief executives of manufacturing companies Category:Dalhousie University alumni Category:Harvard Business School alumni Category:Businesspeople from Greenwich, Connecticut Category:People from Palm Beach, Florida Category:Xerox people Category:Directors of Xerox Category:Connecticut Democrats	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Galo da Madrugada Galo da Madrugada (in Portuguese: Dawn's Rooster) is a carnival block from Recife, Brazil. The block was created in 1978 by Enéias Freire. Galos parades every Saturday of carnival at neighborhood. The main rhythm is the frevo, but other rhythms are also played. It is named in The Guinness Book of World Records as the biggest carnival parade in the world, considering the number of participants. In 2013, that number was more than 2,500,000 people. Its size is only matched by Cordão da Bola Preta in Rio de Janeiro. Hino do Galo - Hymn of Galo Ei pessoal, vem moçada Carnaval começa no Galo da Madrugada Ei pessoal, vem moçada Carnaval começa no Galo da Madrugada A manhã já vem surgindo O sol clareia a cidade com seus raios de cristal E o Galo da Madrugada Já está na rua, saudando o Carnaval Ei pessoal... As donzelas estão dormindo As flores recebendo o orvalho matinal E o Galo da Madrugada Já está na rua, saudando o Carnaval Ei pessoal... O Galo também é de briga As esporas afiadas, e a crista é coral E o Galo da Madrugada Já está na rua, saudando o Carnaval References Category:Recife Category:Brazilian Carnival Category:Parades in Brazil Category:Festivals established in 1978	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Felix Würth Felix Würth (born 11 August 1923) is an Austrian former long and triple jumper who competed in the 1948 Summer Olympics and in the 1952 Summer Olympics. References Category:1923 births Category:Living people Category:Austrian male long jumpers Category:Austrian male triple jumpers Category:Olympic athletes of Austria Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1948 Summer Olympics Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1952 Summer Olympics	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Illegal drug trade in China The illegal drug trade in China is influenced by factors such as history, location, size, population, and current economic conditions. China has one-fifth of the world's population and a large and expanding economy while opium has played an important role in the country's history since before the First and Second Opium Wars in the mid-19th century. China's large land mass, close proximity to the Golden Triangle, Golden Crescent, and numerous coastal cities with large and modern port facilities make it an attractive transit center for drug traffickers. China's status in drug trafficking has changed significantly since the 1980s, when the country for the first time opened its borders to trade and tourism after 40 years of relative isolation. As trade with Southeast Asia and elsewhere increased, so did the flow of illicit drugs and precursor chemicals from, into, and through China. Overview China is a major source of precursor chemicals necessary for the production of cocaine, heroin, MDMA and crystal methamphetamine, which are used by many Southeast Asian and Pacific Rim nations. China produces over 100,000 metric tons of acetic anhydride each year, and imports an additional 20,000 metric tons from the United States and Singapore. Reports indicate that acetic anhydride is diverted from China to morphine and heroin refineries in the Golden Triangle. China is also a leading exporter of bulk ephedrine and has been a source country for much of the ephedrine and pseudoephedrine imported into Mexico; these precursor chemicals are subsequently used to manufacture methamphetamine destined for the United States. China is developing a significant MDMA production, trafficking, and consumption problem. Although China has taken actions through legislation and regulation of production and exportation of precursor chemicals, extensive action is required to control the illicit diversion and smuggling of precursor chemicals. China not only continues to be a major transit route for Southeast Asian heroin bound for international drug markets, but also for Southwest Asian heroin entering northwestern China from Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Tajikistan. A majority of the Southeast Asian heroin that enters China from Myanmar transits southern China to various international markets by maritime transport. Drug traffickers take advantage of expanding port facilities in coastal cities, such as Qingdao, Shanghai, Tianjin, and Guangdong, to ship heroin along maritime routes. Southwest Asian heroin (mainly from Afghanistan) represents as much as 22 percent of the heroin entering northwest China. Chinese authorities believe that these trends will increase and they attribute these increases to the continuing development of the infrastructure and economy in China. China is being forced to develop a complex counter-drug strategy that includes prevention, education, eradication, interdiction, and rehabilitation. Cultivation and processing Cannabis The Dutch historian Frank Dikötter describes cannabis, which failed to become part of narcotic culture in modern China, as "China's non-problem", despite having been widely grown and known as a medicinal herb for nearly 2,000 years. During the Republican period (1912-1937)], government authorities claimed that smoking cannabis could cause nervous dysfunction and madness. Such official attitudes must have reflected popular beliefs, since very little concrete evidence exists concerning the use of cannabis even in the large coastal metropoles. In Shanghai not a single case of cannabis use was discovered during the 1930s. With the exception of the Uyghurs, the popular perception of the smell of smoked cannabis as 'foul' (chou) also impeded its spread. On the other hand, the extraction of hemp oil was widespread in Shanxi, Mongolia and Manchuria. Although most of it appears to have been used for lighting and to lubricate cart wheels, its narcotic powers may have been understood by the local farmers. Cannabis grows naturally throughout southwestern China, and is legally cultivated in some areas of China for use in commercial rope manufacturing. Most of the illicit cultivation of cannabis as a drug in China appears in Xinjiang and Yunnan and is primarily cultivated for domestic use. In 2002, approximately 1.3 metric tons of cannabis were seized in China. Ephedra The Chinese Government owns and operates ephedra farms, where ephedra grass (ephedra sinica) is cultivated under strict government control. The active alkaloids, pseudoephedrine and ephedrine, are chemically extracted from the plant material and processed for pharmaceutical purposes. These chemicals are then sold domestically and for export. China and India are the major producers of these chemicals extracted from the ephedra plant. In addition to government-controlled farms, the ephedra plant grows wildly in many parts of the northern areas of China. Opium Illicit cultivation of the opium poppy in China is negligible in provinces such as Yunnan, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, and the remote regions of the northwest frontier. Opium produced in these areas is not converted into heroin, but is consumed locally by ethnic minority groups in these isolated areas. Chinese officials report that in the last several years no heroin laboratories have been seized in China. Legal cultivation of the opium poppy occurs on farms controlled by the Ministry of Agriculture and the National Drug Administration Bureau of the State Council. According to United Nations (U.N.) International Narcotics Control Board (INCB) data, China produces approximately of legal opium per year for use in the domestic pharmaceutical industry. China reports that none of this opium is exported. The Mao Zedong government is generally credited with eradicating both consumption and production of opium during the 1950s using unrestrained repression and social reform. Ten million addicts were forced into compulsory treatment, dealers were executed, and opium-producing regions were planted with new crops. Remaining opium production shifted south of the Chinese border into the Golden Triangle region. The remnant opium trade primarily served Southeast Asia, but spread to American soldiers during the Vietnam War, with 20 percent of soldiers regarding themselves as addicted during the peak of the epidemic in 1971. In 2003, China was estimated to have four million regular drug users and one million registered drug addicts. Synthetic drugs Manufacture of crystal methamphetamine (ice, shabu, bingdu) is facilitated by the availability of precursor chemicals, such as pseudoephedrine and ephedrine. The unrestricted availability of these chemicals in the country facilitates the production of large quantities of crystal methamphetamine. Seizure information indicates that methamphetamine laboratories are located in provinces along the eastern and southeastern coastal areas. Many of the traffickers for the clandestine crystal methamphetamine laboratories are from organized crime groups based in Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Japan. Because of its increasing popularity with young party goers in Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen, Chinese law enforcement officials report significant increases in the domestic production of MDMA (Ecstasy). Most MDMA production in China is for domestic consumption. MDMA tablets are also imported from the Netherlands into China to meet the demand. Some laboratory operators in China mix MDMA powder, imported from Europe, with substances, such as caffeine and ketamine, while making the Ecstasy tablets. Given the availability of the precursor chemicals needed, open source reporting in 2006 indicates that MDMA tablets in China cost only US$0.06 to produce, while the tablets sell for as much as US$36 in the city of Shanghai. Trafficking Trafficking groups Many of the individuals involved in the international trafficking of Southeast Asian heroin are ethnic Kokang, Yunnanese, Fujianese, Cantonese, or members of other ethnic Chinese minority groups that reside outside of China. These groups reside, and are actively involved in drug trafficking in regions such as Burma, Cambodia, Canada, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Thailand, and the United States. Reporting on the activities of drug trafficking organizations in China is sparse. However, Chinese officials report that drug traffickers are dividing their large shipments into smaller ones in order to minimize losses in case of seizure. Chinese officials also report that drug traffickers are increasingly using women, children, and poor, uneducated farmers to body-carry drugs from the Golden Triangle area to Guangdong and other provinces in China. In China many individuals and criminal organizations involved in drug trafficking are increasingly arming themselves with automatic weapons and grenades to protect their drug shipments from theft by rival organizations. Many firefights occur along the Burma–China border, where larger drug shipments are more prevalent. Traffickers also arm themselves to avoid being captured by the police, and some smugglers are better armed than the local police forces. Furthermore, many traffickers believe they have a better chance of surviving a firefight than the outcome of any legal proceedings. In China, sentencing for drug trafficking could include capital punishment. For example, the seizure of 50 grams or more of heroin or crystal methamphetamine could result in the use of the death penalty by the Government. Hui Muslim drug dealers are accused by Uyghur Muslims of pushing heroin on Uyghurs. Heroin has been vended by Hui dealers. There is a typecast image in the public eye of heroin being the province of Hui dealers. Hui have been involved in the Golden Triangle drug area. Drug seizures Heroin China shares a 2000 km border with Burma, as well as smaller but significant borders with Laos and Vietnam. Chinese officials state that the majority of heroin entering China comes over the border from Burma. This heroin then transits southern China, through Yunnan or Guangxi, to Guangdong or Fujian to the southeastern coastal areas, and then on to international markets. Heroin is transported by various overland methods to ports in China's southeastern provinces of Guangdong and Fujian. Heroin is transported to Guangdong and to the cities of Xiamen and Fuzhou in Fujian for shipment to international drug markets. Traffickers take advantage of expanding port facilities in northeast cities, such as Qingdao, Shanghai, and Tianjin, to ship heroin via maritime routes. Increased Chinese interdiction efforts along the Burma–China border have forced some traffickers to send heroin from Burma to China's southeastern provinces by fishing trawlers. In addition to Southeast Asian heroin entering into China, Southwest Asian heroin enters northwestern China from Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Tajikistan. Chinese authorities state that Southwest Asian heroin (mainly originating from Afghanistan) represents as much as 20 percent of the heroin that enters the northwest Xinjiang. This trend is increasing, and is attributed to the continuing development of the infrastructure and economy in the western parts of China. Synthetic drugs Due to the availability of the precursor chemicals, traffickers produce large amounts of crystal methamphetamine. Although much of the crystal methamphetamine is consumed locally, some is available for shipment to other markets throughout Southeast Asia. Several ports in southern China serve as transit points for crystal methamphetamine transported by containerized cargo to international drug markets. Some MDMA traffickers in China are linked directly to the United States. In June 2001, tablets from seizures in two DEA San Francisco investigations were linked to the same source as a 300,000-tablet seizure in Shenzhen, China that had occurred days before. Although the San Francisco seizures were much smaller than the Shenzhen seizure, the capabilities of these trafficking groups appear to be significant. Chinese officials seized over 3 million Ecstasy tablets in China in 2002. Precursor chemicals China is of paramount importance in global cooperative efforts to prevent the diversion of precursor chemicals. With its large chemical industry, China remains a source country for legitimately produced chemicals that are diverted for production of heroin and cocaine, as well as many amphetamine-type stimulants. China and its neighbor India are the leading exporters of bulk ephedrine in the world. China produces over 100,000 metric tons of acetic anhydride each year, and imports an additional 20,000 metric tons from the United States and Singapore. China is also the second largest producer of potassium permanganate in the world. To combat the diversion of precursor chemicals, China implemented several regulations on the control of precursor chemicals between 1992 and 1998, including adoption of the 1988 U.N. Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances in 1993. Additionally, the Government further improved regulations to strengthen control of ephedrine during 1999 and 2000. China fully participates in the DEA's Operations TOPAZ and PURPLE, which are international monitoring initiatives that target acetic anhydride and potassium permanganate, respectively. Acetic anhydride is used to synthesize morphine base into heroin, and potassium permanganate is used as an oxidizer in cocaine production. Both chemicals are targeted because they are the chemicals most often preferred, and most widely used, by illicit drug manufacturers. However, the effectiveness of Operation PURPLE has been declining recently, since participant nations are exporting significant amounts of potassium permanganate to non-participant countries. Additionally, Chinese authorities further control the export of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine through the voluntary use of the Letter of Non-Objection (LONO) system. China will not allow exports of ephedrine or pseudoephedrine without a positive affirmation by authorities in the importing country as to the bona fides of the consignee. For those countries that do not issue import permits, a letter of non-objection must be provided to Chinese authorities. China is a source country for significant amounts of the ephedrine and pseudoephedrine exported to Mexico, and subsequently used to manufacture methamphetamine destined for the United States. Increases in pseudoephedrine diversion were noted, beginning with the seizures in March and April 2003 of four shipments of product destined for Mexico. The seizures occurred in the United States and Panama, and totaled over 22 million, 60-milligram pseudoephedrine tablets. The source of supply has been identified as legitimate pharmaceutical companies in Hong Kong. Additional investigations have revealed other companies in Hong Kong that have been engaged in supplying substantial amounts of pseudoephedrine to firms, sometime fictitious, shells or fronts, in Mexico. Also, reports indicate that acetic anhydride is diverted from China to morphine/heroin refineries found in the Golden Triangle. Domestically, Chinese officials express concern over the increasing number of synthetic drug production operations in their country. Seizures of precursor chemicals in China increased from 50 metric tons in 1991 to 383 metric tons in 1997; only 300 metric tons were seized in 2002. Drug-related money laundering In the past money laundering was not considered a significant problem in China. However, with the booming economy promoting greater trade investment and the ever-increasing number of foreign bank branches opening throughout the country, it appears that China may become an emerging money laundering center. China, however, has taken some initial steps to begin investigation of money laundering activities. An Economic Crimes Investigation Department was established in the Ministry of Public Security to focus on illicit activities. The People's Bank of China (China's central bank) began several structural reforms such as the establishment of two new divisions, the Payment Trade Supervisory Division and the Money Laundering Working Division. The People's Bank of China also prepared guidelines for use by financial institutions to report suspicious transactions, and to sensitize the public about new regulations on money laundering and terrorist financing issues. Drug abuse and treatment Drugs of choice The major drugs of choice are injectable heroin, morphine, smokeable opium, crystal methamphetamine, nimetazepam, temazepam, and MDMA. Preferences between opium and heroin/morphine, and methods of administration, differ from region to region within China. The use of heroin and opium has increased among the younger population, as income has grown and the youth have more free time. China considers crystal methamphetamine abuse second to heroin/morphine as a major drug problem. The use of MDMA has only recently become popular in China's growing urban areas. The South China Morning Post reports the rise in the use of ketamine, easy to mass-produce in illicit labs in southern China, particularly among the young. Because of its low cost, and low profit margin, drug peddlers rely on mass distribution to make money, thus increasing its penetrative power to all, including schoolchildren. The journal cites social workers saying that four people can get high by sharing just HK$20 worth of ketamine, and estimates 80 per cent of young drug addicts take 'K'. Addict population As of 2013, there were 2,475,000 registered drug addicts in China, 1,326,000 of which where addicted to heroin, accounting for 53.6% of the addict population. Some unofficial estimates range as high as 12 million drug addicts. Of the registered drug addicts, 83.7 percent are male and 73.9 percent are under the age of 35. In 2001, intravenous heroin users accounted for 70.9 percent of the confirmed 22,000 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases. Chinese officials are becoming increasingly concerned about the abuse of methamphetamine and other amphetamine-type stimulants. Treatment and demand reduction programs Both voluntary and compulsory drug treatment programs are provided in China, although the compulsory treatment is more common. Most addicts who attend these centers do so involuntarily upon orders from the Government. Voluntary treatment is provided at centers operated by Public Health Bureaus, but these programs are more expensive and many people cannot afford to attend them. Addicts, who return to drug use after having received treatment, and who cannot be cured by other means, may be sentenced to rehabilitation in concentration camps for re-education through labor. These centers are run under conditions similar to prisons, including isolation from the outside world, restricted patient movement and a paramilitary routine. Demand reduction efforts target individuals between the ages of 17 and 35, since this is the largest segment of drug users. These efforts include, but are not limited to, media campaigns and establishment of drug-free communities. Drug law enforcement agencies and legislation At the national level, the agencies specifically responsible for the control of legal and illicit drugs are the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Public Security, and the Customs General Administration. The State Food and Drug Administration oversees implementation of the laws regulating the pharmaceutical industry. In the Customs General Administration, the Smuggling Prevention Department plays the major role in intercepting illegal drug shipments. The Narcotics Control Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security handles all criminal investigations involving opium, heroin, and methamphetamine. In 1990, the Chinese government set up the (NNCC), composed of 25 departments, including the Ministry of Public Security, Ministry of Health and General Administration of Customs. The NNCC leads the nation's drug control work in a unified way, and is responsible for international drug control cooperation, with an operational agency based in the Ministry of Public Security. Treaties and conventions China is a party to the 1988 U.N. Drug Convention, the 1961 U.N. Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs as amended by the 1972 Protocol, and the 1971 U.N. Convention on Psychotropic Substances. China is a member of the International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL), and has been a member of the INCB since 1984. China also participates in a drug control program with Iran, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Russia, and the United States. This program is designed to enhance information sharing and coordination of drug law enforcement activities by countries in and around the Central Asian Region. In June 2000, China and the United States signed a Mutual Legal Assistance Agreement (MLAT). This treaty subsequently went into effect on March 8, 2001. In 1999, China and the United States signed a Bilateral Customs Mutual Assistance Agreement. However, this agreement has not yet been activated. A May 1997 United States and China Memorandum of Understanding on law enforcement cooperation allows the two countries to provide assistance on drug investigations and prosecutions on a case-by-case basis. China has over 30 MLATs with 24 nations covering both civil and criminal matters. In 1996, China signed MLATs that gave specific attention to drug trafficking with Russia, Mexico, and Pakistan. China also signed a drug control cooperation agreement with India. China and Burma continue dialogue on counter-drug issues, such as drug trafficking by the United Wa State Army along the China–Burma border. The Government of China encourages and provides assistance for alternative crop programs in Burma along the China–Burma border. China is also building on Memoranda of Understanding that are currently in place with Burma, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam, and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. See also Shanghai Drug Abuse Treatment Centre Crime in the People's Republic of China Other countries U.S. War on Drugs Fentanyl Illicit drug use in Australia Mexican Drug War Illegal drug trade in Colombia Legality of cannabis by country Footnotes References Narcotics The China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly Vol 4, No 1. Feb 2006. This issue of the China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly provides insights and detailed analyses on narcotics problems and associated economic and social issues. The featured research papers suggest what can be done by the international community to help curb the illegal drug trade in China and Eurasia regions. Details. Swanström, Niklas L.P., He, Yin, China's War on Narcotics: Two Perspectives, Silk Road Paper, December 2006. Swanström, Niklas L. P., The Southeast Asian and Chinese Connection to Drug Trade in Central Asia, Analyst, Johns Hopkins University, SAIS, August 27, 2003. Yang Dali L. "Illegal drugs, policy change and state power: The case of Contemporary China." The Journal of Contemporary China, 4: pp. 14–34 (1993). External links Narcotics Control in China Chinese Embassy in USA China's Heroin Problem A special report. TIMEasia.com Regulations on Drug Precursor Chemicals in China CHEMSAFETYPRO.COM China Category:Crime in China Category:Law enforcement in China Category:Trade in China Category:Politics of China Category:Drugs in China	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Mykolaiv Oblast Council The Mykolaiv Oblast Council () is the regional oblast council (parliament) of the Mykolaiv Oblast (province) located in eastern Ukraine. Council members are elected for five year terms. In order to gain representation in the council, a party must gain more than 3 percent of the total vote. References Council Category:Regional legislatures of Ukraine Category:Unicameral legislatures	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Aisha Rateb Aisha Rateb (February 22, 1928 – May 4, 2013) was an Egyptian lawyer, politician, and Egypt's first female ambassador. She also was a professor of international law at Cairo University. Biography Rateb was born in Cairo to a middle-class, educated family. Education When she attended college, she first studied literature at Cairo University, but transferred to law after only a week of studies. Rateb graduated from Cairo University in 1949, went briefly to Paris for further education and then received her PhD in law in 1955. Rateb applied to become a judge on the Conseil de'Etat (the highest judicial body in Egypt) in 1949, and was rejected because of her gender. The prime minister of the time, Hussein Serry Pasha, said that having a woman judge was "against the traditions of society". She sued the government on the grounds that her constitutional rights were violated. Her lawsuit was the first of its kind in Egypt, and when she lost the case, it was admitted by the head of State Council, Abdel-Razek al-Sanhouri, that she lost only because of political and cultural reasons, not based on Egyptian or sharia law. The lawsuit and the written opinion of al-Sanhouri encouraged other women to follow suit, although none became judges until in 2003, when Tahani al-Gebali was appointed as a judge. In 2010, Egypt's prime minister ordered a review of a recent decision against allowing female judges. In July 2015, 26 women were finally sworn in as judges. Political career Rateb was part of the Arab Socialist Union's Central Committee in 1971, where she helped write the new constitution for Egypt. Of all of the committee members, she was the only one who objected to the "extraordinary powers that the Constitution granted to the then president Anwar al-Sadat". Afterwards, she served as Minister of Insurance and Social Affairs from 1974 to 1977, and was the second woman to hold that position. During her time there she was able to pass reforms for women in the country. Rateb was able to do this even while fundamentalist sheikhs tried to ruin her reputation. Rateb went on to place restrictions on polygamy and ensure that divorce was only legal if it was witnessed by a judge. She also worked to help those in poverty, and passed a law to help employ the disabled. When the government lifted subsidies on essential goods, a move that would affect the poorest citizens in Egypt, she resigned protest in 1977 during the bread uprising. In 1979, Rateb was appointed as Egypt's first woman ambassador. As an ambassador, she led Egypt on a "balanced position in a world of highly polarised international relations". She was ambassador to Denmark from 1979 to 1981 and to the Federal Republic of Germany from 1981 to 1984. Rateb was critical of former Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak because she felt that his rule created a greater divide between the rich and poor. Death Rateb died in Giza after a sudden cardiac arrest in 2013. See also First women lawyers around the world References Category:Egyptian women in politics Category:Cairo University alumni Category:Cairo University faculty Category:Egyptian feminists Category:Egyptian women lawyers Category:People from Cairo Category:1928 births Category:2013 deaths	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Brachypterois serrulata Brachypterois serrulata, the sawcheek scorpionfish is a species of scorpionfish native to the northwestern Pacific Ocean. References Category:Scorpaenidae Category:Venomous fish Category:Fish described in 1846 Category:Taxa named by John Richardson (naturalist)	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Topical steroid Topical steroids are the topical forms of corticosteroids. Topical steroids are the most commonly prescribed topical medications for the treatment of rash, eczema, and dermatitis. Topical steroids have anti-inflammatory properties, and are classified based on their skin vasoconstrictive abilities. There are numerous topical steroid products. All the preparations in each class have the same anti-inflammatory properties, but essentially differ in base and price. Side effects may occur from long-term topical steroid use. Medical uses Weaker topical steroids are utilized for thin-skinned and sensitive areas, especially areas under occlusion, such as the armpit, groin, buttock crease, and breast folds. Weaker steroids are used on the face, eyelids, diaper area, perianal skin, and intertrigo of the groin or body folds. Moderate steroids are used for atopic dermatitis, nummular eczema, xerotic eczema, lichen sclerosis et atrophicus of the vulva, scabies (after scabiecide) and severe dermatitis. Strong steroids are used for psoriasis, lichen planus, discoid lupus, chapped feet, lichen simplex chronicus, severe poison ivy exposure, alopecia areata, nummular eczema, and severe atopic dermatitis in adults. To prevent tachyphylaxis, a topical steroid is often prescribed to be used on a week on, week off routine. Some recommend using the topical steroid for 3 consecutive days on, followed by 4 consecutive days off. Long-term use of topical steroids can lead to secondary infection with fungus or bacteria (see tinea incognito), skin atrophy, telangiectasia (prominent blood vessels), skin bruising and fragility. The use of the finger tip unit may be helpful in guiding how much topical steroid is required to cover different areas of the body. Adverse effects Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA) suppression Cushing's syndrome Diabetes mellitus Osteoporosis Topical steroid addiction Allergic contact dermatitis (see steroid allergy) Steroid atrophy Perioral dermatitis: This is a rash that occurs around the mouth and the eye region that has been associated with topical steroids. Ocular effects: Topical steroid drops are frequently used after eye surgery but can also raise intraocular pressure (IOP) and increase the risk of glaucoma, cataract, retinopathy as well as systemic adverse effects. Tachyphylaxis: The acute development of tolerance to the action of a drug after repeated doses. Significant tachyphylaxis can occur by day 4 of therapy. Recovery usually occurs after 3 to 4 days' rest. This has led to therapies such as 3 days on, 4 days off; or one week on therapy, and one week off therapy. Delivery-related adverse effects Other local adverse effects: These include facial hypertrichosis, folliculitis, miliaria, genital ulcers, and granuloma gluteale infantum. Long-term use has resulted in Norwegian scabies, Kaposi's sarcoma, and other unusual dermatosis. Safety in pregnancy A 2015 meta-analysis of observational studies of pregnancies found no association between mothers' use of topical steroids and type of delivery, APGAR score, birth defects, or prematurity. Classification systems USA system The USA system utilizes 7 classes, which are classified by their ability to constrict capillaries and cause skin blanching. Class I is the strongest, or superpotent. Class VII is the weakest and mildest. Class I Very potent: up to 600 times stronger than hydrocortisone Clobetasol propionate 0.05% (Dermovate) Betamethasone dipropionate 0.25% (Diprolene) Halobetasol propionate 0.05% (Ultravate, Halox) Diflorasone diacetate 0.05% (Psorcon) Class II Fluocinonide 0.05% (Lidex) Halcinonide 0.05% (Halog) Amcinonide 0.05% (Cyclocort) Desoximetasone 0.25% (Topicort) Class III Triamcinolone acetonide 0.5% (Kenalog, Aristocort cream) Mometasone furoate 0.1% (Elocon, Elocom ointment) Fluticasone propionate 0.005% (Cutivate) Betamethasone dipropionate 0.05% (Diprosone) Halometasone 0.05% Class IV Fluocinolone acetonide 0.01-0.2% (Synalar, Synemol, Fluonid) Hydrocortisone valerate 0.2% (Westcort) Hydrocortisone butyrate 0.1% (Locoid) Flurandrenolide 0.05% (Cordran) Triamcinolone acetonide 0.1% (Kenalog, Aristocort A ointment) Mometasone furoate 0.1% (Elocon cream, lotion) Class V Fluticasone propionate 0.05% (Cutivate cream) Desonide 0.05% (Tridesilon, DesOwen ointment) Fluocinolone acetonide 0.025% (Synalar, Synemol cream) Hydrocortisone valerate 0.2% (Westcort cream) Class VI Alclometasone dipropionate 0.05% (Aclovate cream, ointment) Triamcinolone acetonide 0.025% (Aristocort A cream, Kenalog lotion) Fluocinolone acetonide 0.01% (Capex shampoo, Dermasmooth) Desonide 0.05% (DesOwen cream, lotion) Class VII The weakest class of topical steroids. Has poor lipid permeability, and can not penetrate mucous membranes well. Hydrocortisone 2.5% (Hytone cream, lotion, ointment) Hydrocortisone 1% (Many over-the-counter brands) Other countries Most other countries, such as the United Kingdom, Germany, the Netherlands, New Zealand, recognize only 4 classes. In the United Kingdom and New Zealand I is the strongest, while in Continental Europe, class IV is regarded as the strongest. Class IV (UK/NZ: class I) Very potent (up to 600 times as potent as hydrocortisone) Clobetasol propionate (Dermovate Cream/Ointment, Exel Cream) Betamethasone dipropionate (Diprosone OV Cream/Ointment, Diprovate Cream) Class III (UK/NZ: class II) Potent (50–100 times as potent as hydrocortisone) Betamethasone valerate (Beta Cream/Ointment/Scalp Application, Betnovate Lotion/C Cream/C Ointment, Fucicort) Betamethasone dipropionate (Diprosone Cream/Ointment, Diprovate Cream, Daivobet 50/500 Ointment) Diflucortolone valerate (Nerisone C/Cream/Fatty Ointment/Ointment) Hydrocortisone 17-butyrate (Locoid C/Cream/Crelo Topical Emulsion/Lipocream/Ointment/Scalp Lotion) Mometasone furoate (Elocon Cream/Lotion/Ointment) Methylprednisolone aceponate (Advantan Cream/Ointment) Halometasone 0.05% Class II (UK/NZ: class III) Moderate (2–25 times as potent as hydrocortisone) Clobetasone butyrate (Eumovate Cream) Triamcinolone acetonide (Aristocort Cream/Ointment, Viaderm KC Cream/Ointment, Kenacomb Ointment) Class I (UK/NZ: class IV) Mild Hydrocortisone 0.5–2.5% (DermAid Cream/Soft Cream, DP Lotion-HC 1%, Skincalm, Lemnis Fatty Cream HC, Pimafucort Cream/Ointment) Japan classification Japan rates topical steroids from 1 to 5, with 1 being strongest. Allergy associations The highlighted steroids are often used in the screening of allergies to topical steroid and systemic steroids. When one is allergic to one group, one is allergic to all steroids in that group. Group A Hydrocortisone, hydrocortisone acetate, cortisone acetate, tixocortol pivalate, prednisolone, methylprednisolone, and prednisone Group B Triamcinolone acetonide, triamcinolone alcohol, amcinonide, budesonide, desonide, fluocinonide, fluocinolone acetonide, and halcinonide Group C Betamethasone, betamethasone sodium phosphate, dexamethasone, dexamethasone sodium phosphate, and fluocortolone Group D Hydrocortisone 17-butyrate, hydrocortisone-17-valerate, alclometasone dipropionate, betamethasone valerate, betamethasone dipropionate, prednicarbate, clobetasone-17-butyrate, Clobetasol-17 propionate, fluocortolone caproate, fluocortolone pivalate, fluprednidene acetate, and mometasone furoate History Corticosteroids were first made available for general use around 1950. See also Topical medication Glucocorticoid Corticosteroid Retrometabolic drug design References Category:Corticosteroids	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
John Tuttle (politician) John L. Tuttle, Jr. is an American politician from Maine. Tuttle served as a Democratic State Senator from Maine's 3rd District, representing part of York County including his residence of Sanford. He was first elected to the Maine House of Representatives in 1978, serving until 1984 when he successfully sought to represent Sanford and the surrounding towns in the State Senate. He served in the State Senate until 1988, when he returned to the House. He served again the House from 2002-2010, when he was unable to run for re-election due to term limits. He successfully ran to replace Republican Jonathan Courtney, who ran for U.S. Congress. In the general election, he defeated fellow Sanford High School Class of 1970 alumnus Brad Littlefield. He was defeated for re-election in 2014 by Waterboro Republican David Woodsome. Tuttle graduated from Sanford High School in 1970. He earned a B.A. from the University of Maine Presque Isle and a Master's in Public Accounting (Finance) from the University of Maine in 1992. He is a veteran of the Maine Army National Guard and a former medical emergency technician with the Sanford Fire Department. References Category:Year of birth missing (living people) Category:Living people Category:People from Sanford, Maine Category:Members of the Maine House of Representatives Category:Maine state senators Category:Maine Democrats Category:University of Maine at Presque Isle alumni Category:University of Maine alumni	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Gull Island, Labrador Gull Island is a small island in the Churchill river in Labrador, in the Province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. The Lower Churchill Project will create a major dam in the area. Category:Islands of Newfoundland and Labrador Category:Labrador	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Faena Faena may refer to A term in the Spanish-style bullfighting Faena Arts Center, in Buenos Aires, Argentina Faena Hotel Buenos Aires Alan Faena (born 1963), Argentine hotelier and real estate developer Sebastian Faena (born 1990), Argentine filmmaker and fashion photographer	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Gymnastics at the 2017 Summer Universiade – Women's artistic team all-around The women's artistic team all-around gymnastics event at the 2017 Summer Universiade on August 21 at the Taipei Nangang Exhibition Center, Hall 1, 4F in Taipei, Taiwan. Final results References External links 2017 Summer Universiade – Artistic gymnastics Women's artistic team all-around	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Apparatus (journal) Apparatus. Film, Media and Digital Cultures of Central and Eastern Europe () is a bi-annual open-access academic journal with double blind peer-review. Apparatus is supported by the DFG (German Research Foundation), hosted by Freie Universität Berlin and edited by Dr Natascha Drubek. The first issue was published in September 2015. Apparatus publishes in the native languages of the region as well as in English. The editorial board includes scholars from the US, Europe and Russia. Scope Apparatus covers a full range of digital and analogue media in the countries of Central, Eastern, and South-Eastern Europe including Russia (early technical media, film, radio, television, video, internet, DVD, etc.). The journal publishes both current and historical research, theoretical and empirical studies alike. Language Policy Apparatus publishes articles in English as well as in other languages of the region. All of the abstracts are available in three languages – English, German, and Russian. Up until now Apparatus has published articles in English, German, Polish, Czech, Ukrainian and Russian. Special Issues In its biannual frequency the journal publishes one open-call issue and one special issue. The first special issue has grown out of an international conference devoted to the analysis of Nazi filmmaking in Theresienstadt Concentration Camp during the Second World War. See also List of film periodicals References External links Official website «Мы хотим перешагнуть границы языков» ("We want to transcend language barriers") - An Interview with the Apparatus Editors (in Russian) Terezín 2014 Conference: Understanding Ghetto Films Category:2015 establishments in Europe Category:Open access journals	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Prototheora petrosema Prototheora petrosema is a species of moth of the family Prototheoridae. It is found in South Africa, where it ranges through much of the predominantly fynbos Cape vegetation to the temperate Knysna Forest. It has been found frequently around the lower slopes of Table Mountain in Cape Town. The wingspan is 18–23 mm. Adults have been recorded from the beginning of March to mid-May. References Category:Hepialoidea Category:Moths described in 1917 Category:Insects of South Africa Category:Moths of Africa	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Kite (disambiguation) A kite is a type of aircraft. Kite or kites may also refer to: Biology Kite (bird) Music Kite (band), a Swedish synthpop duo "Kite" (U2 song) "Kite" (Kate Bush song) Kite (Kirsty MacColl album) Kite (Stefanie Sun album) "Kites" (song), a song by Simon Dupree "Kite", a song by Nick Heyward from his album From Monday to Sunday "Kite Song", a song by Kevin Roth from the Shining Time Station episode "Faith, Hope and Anxiety" Film Patang (film) (The Kite in English), a 1993 Indian film directed by Goutam Ghose Kite (film series), an anime series Kite (1998 film), a 1998 anime film and the first in the series Kite Liberator, a 2008 anime film and the second installment of the Kite film series Kite (2014 film), a 2014 film based on the anime Saranggola, 1999 Filipino film titled "The Kite" internationally The Kite (2003 film), a 2003 Lebanese drama Kites (film), a 2010 Bollywood film Ships , the name of seven ships of the Royal Navy , 280-ton sealer used by Robert Peary on the Peary expedition to Greenland of 1891–92 , various ships of the U.S. Navy Other uses Alpi Pioneer 300 Kite, an Italian light-sport aircraft design Kite (geometry), a kite-shaped quadrilateral Kite (sail) Kite (surname), a surname Kite (.hack), a fictional character Kite (Hunter × Hunter), a fictional character Kite, Georgia, United States Kite aspect, a concept in astrology Kite and dart tiling Desert kite, a man-made pattern of boulders believed to have been used for funneling herds of wild animals for hunting Kite, a hypothetical creature in the TV series Extraterrestrial Kite (novel), by Melvin Burgess Kite, an electronic trading platform from Zerodha The Kite, a novel by W. O. Mitchell Kite shield a type of shield used in the 10th to 12th centuries Kite, any aircraft, in RAF slang KITE (AM), a radio station (1410 AM) licensed to serve Victoria, Texas, United States KNAL (FM), a radio station in Texas (93.3 FM) licensed to serve Port Lavaca, which held the call sign KITE from 2001 to 2014 KiTE, a private engineering college in Coimbatore, India See also Kite (surname) Kiting (disambiguation) Kitesurfing	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
The Island Hymn The Island Hymn is the patriotic song of the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island. The hymn's lyrics were written in 1908 by Lucy Maud Montgomery. It was performed for the first time in public on May 22 of that year. It was sung to Lawrence W.Watson's music, which had been composed especially for her lyric. The manuscript music, dated 27 Oct 1908, and correspondence relating to it are displayed at Green Gables House, Cavendish, PEI. An edition for mixed-voice choir was printed by Leslie Music Supply for the Prince Edward Island 1973 Centennial Committee. The Island Hymn was adopted as the provincial anthem of Prince Edward Island by the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island on May 7, 2010. The Provincial Anthem Act includes a French version of the Island Hymn called L’hymne de l’Île. This French version was adapted by Raymond J. Arsenault of Abram-Village. Fair Island of the sea, We raise our song to thee, The bright and blest; Loyally now we stand As brothers, hand in hand, And sing God save the land We love the best. Upon our princely Isle May kindest fortune smile In coming years; Peace and prosperity In all her borders be, From every evil free, And weakling fears. Prince Edward Isle, to thee Our hearts shall faithful be Where'er we dwell; Forever may we stand As brothers, hand in hand, And sing God save the land We love so well. See also Anthems and nationalistic songs of Canada References Category:Regional songs Category:Canadian anthems Category:Prince Edward Island music Category:1908 songs	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Levington Levington is a small village in the Suffolk Coastal district, in the county of Suffolk, England. The population of the parish including Stratton Hall at the 2011 Census was 259. History Levington has a church called St Peters Church and a pub. It is near the large town of Ipswich and the village of Nacton. A Viking ship was once found in Levington. Geography The village is widely known for the Levington Research Station, built by Fisons in 1957. References Village of the month Category:Villages in Suffolk Category:Civil parishes in Suffolk	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Marie-Joseph Farcot Marie-Joseph-Denis Farcot (1798 – 1875) was a French engineer, inventor and manufacturer, working mainly with steam engines. His son, Joseph Farcot, was also a noted inventor. Early years Marie-Joseph-Denis Farcot was born in 1798. His father was Joseph Jean Chrysostome Farcot, a former teacher at the college of Juilly, Seine-et-Marne. He was orphaned at a young age, and became an apprentice with Achille Colas and with Jecker, an expert maker of precision instruments. In 1820 he began work in the studio of Chaillot, where he learned steam engine construction. His training led him to create steam engines that were also precise instruments. Manufacturer and inventor In 1823 Farcot established a workshop on the rue Neuve-Sainte-Geneviève. In 1829 he received a bronze medal for two inventions, a variable-speed pump and a pump with two pistons in one body, giving a continuous jet. In 1834 he was awarded a silver medal for an olive oil press. In 1836 Marie-Joseph Farcot patented the first method of steam distribution that gave almost complete variability to the regulator. In 1839 he had transferred his workshop to the rue Moreau, and that year received another silver medal for an innovative steam engine with variable power. In 1846 he transferred his metallurgical factory to Saint-Ouen, Seine-Saint-Denis, where he purchased land covering . The factory was accessible by railway branches from the north and the west. It mainly produced steam engines, but also made boilers, pumps and other products. The factory employed 145 workers in 1849, and 500 to 700 between 1872 and 1902. Marie-Joseph Farcot worked with his son, Jean Joseph Léon Farcot, who obtained many patents for mechanical engineering inventions, notably the servomechanism. Their company was called Farcot and Son. In 1854 Marie-Joseph Farcot was awarded patents for two ways to modify Watt's governor so as to eliminate offset. In 1857 Marie-Joseph Farcot proposed a number of improvements to steam hammer design, including an arrangement so the steam acted from above, increasing the striking force, improved valve arrangements and the use of springs and material to absorb the shock and prevent breakage. He and his son Jean Joseph obtained another governor patent in 1862, and in 1864 a patent for a spring-loaded governor. Notes Sources Category:1798 births Category:1875 deaths Category:French engineers Category:French inventors	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
2011 China Open Super Series Premier The 2011 China Open Super Series Premier was a top level badminton competition contested from November 22, 2011 to November 27, 2011 in Shanghai, China. It was the twelfth BWF Super Series competition on the 2011 BWF Super Series schedule. A total of $350,000 was given out as prize money. Men's singles Seeds Lee Chong Wei Chen Long Lin Dan Peter Gade Chen Jin Sho Sasaki Nguyen Tien Minh Taufik Hidayat Finals Top half Bottom half Women's singles Seeds Wang Shixian Wang Yihan Wang Xin Saina Nehwal Jiang Yanjiao Juliane Schenk Tine Baun Cheng Shao-chieh Finals Top half Bottom half Men's doubles Seeds Cai Yun / Fu Haifeng Jung Jae-sung / Lee Yong-dae Mathias Boe / Carsten Mogensen Ko Sung-hyun / Yoo Yeon-seong Koo Kien Keat / Tan Boon Heong Muhammad Ahsan / Bona Septano Chai Biao / Guo Zhendong Markis Kido / Hendra Setiawan Finals Top half Bottom half Women's doubles Seeds Wang Xiaoli / Yu Yang Tian Qing / Zhao Yunlei Mizuki Fujii / Reika Kakiiwa Ha Jung-eun / Kim Min-jung Cheng Wen-hsing / Chien Yu-chin Miyuki Maeda / Satoko Suetsuna Shizuka Matsuo / Mami Naito Meiliana Jauhari / Greysia Polii Finals Top half Bottom half Mixed doubles Seeds Zhang Nan / Zhao Yunlei Xu Chen / Ma Jin Joachim Fischer Nielsen / Christinna Pedersen Tantowi Ahmad / Lilyana Natsir Chen Hung-ling / Cheng Wen-hsing Sudket Prapakamol / Saralee Thoungthongkam Songphon Anugritayawon / Kunchala Voravichitchaikul Lee Yong-dae / Ha Jung-eun Finals Top half Bottom half References External links tournamentsoftware.com Open Super Series Premier Category:China Open (badminton) China Open Premier	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Doc Powers Michael Riley "Doc" Powers (September 22, 1870 – April 26, 1909) was an American Major League Baseball player who caught for four teams from to . He played for the Louisville Colonels and Washington Senators of the National League, and the Philadelphia Athletics and New York Highlanders of the American League. He played college baseball at the University of Notre Dame in 1897 and 1898. His nickname was derived honestly from the fact he was a licensed physician as well as a ballplayer. During a brief stint with the New York Highlanders in 1905, Powers caught while Jim "Doc" Newton pitched, creating the only known example of a two-physician battery in Major League history. On April 12, 1909, Powers was injured during the first game played in Philadelphia's Shibe Park, crashing into a wall while chasing a foul pop-up. He sustained internal injuries from the collision and died two weeks later from complications from three intestinal surgeries, becoming possibly the first Major Leaguer to suffer an on-field injury that eventually led to his death The immediate cause of death was peritonitis arising from post-surgery infections. Powers left behind his wife, Florence W. Ehrmann; and three daughters. He was buried in St. Louis Catholic Cemetery in Louisville, Kentucky. Eleven years later in 1920, Ray Chapman became the only MLB player to be directly killed by an on-field injury when he was hit in the head by a pitch. Powers' injury may have served as the inspiration for that suffered by "Bump" Bailey, a minor character in Bernard Malamud's novel The Natural, as well as its subsequent film adaptation. See also List of baseball players who died during their careers References External links Category:1870 births Category:1909 deaths Category:Sportspeople from Pittsfield, Massachusetts Category:Major League Baseball catchers Category:Baseball players from Massachusetts Category:Philadelphia Athletics players Category:New York Highlanders players Category:Louisville Colonels players Category:Washington Senators (1891–1899) players Category:Notre Dame Fighting Irish baseball players Category:Sports deaths in Pennsylvania Category:London (minor league baseball) players Category:Galt (minor league baseball) players Category:Petersburg Farmers players Category:Hampton Clamdiggers players Category:Deaths from peritonitis Category:Burials at St. Louis Cemetery, Louisville Category:19th-century baseball players	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Grangefield Road Grangefield Road is a cricket ground located along Grangefield Road in Stockton-on-Tees, County Durham. The end names are the Grangefield Road End and Askrigg Road End. Records First-class List A See also List of cricket grounds in England and Wales References External links Grangefield Road at ESPNcricinfo Grangefield Road at CricketArchive Category:Durham County Cricket Club Category:Cricket grounds in County Durham Category:Sport in Stockton-on-Tees Category:Sports venues completed in 1894	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
20th Battalion, London Regiment (Blackheath and Woolwich) The 20th (County of London) Battalion, The London Regiment (Blackheath and Woolwich), was a unit of Britain's Territorial Force formed in 1908 from Volunteer corps dating back to 1859. It saw considerable service on the Western Front, at Salonika and in Palestine during World War I. It served as a searchlight regiment and later as an infantry regiment during World War II. Background The London Regiment was created in 1908 as part of the Haldane Reforms, and consisted entirely of Territorial Force (TF) infantry battalions, with no Regular component. Its Blackheath and Woolwich Battalion was formed by merging two Volunteer battalions that had previously been affiliated to the Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regiment, but whose recruiting areas (the boroughs of Deptford, Greenwich, Lewisham and Woolwich) had been transferred from Kent on the formation of the County of London in 1889. Early history 3rd Kent (West Kent) Rifle Volunteers The invasion scare of 1859 led to the creation of the Volunteer Force and huge enthusiasm for joining local Rifle Volunteer Corps (RVCs). The 1st Administrative Battalion, Kent RVC, was established on 12 June 1860 with headquarters at Blackheath, to bring together a number of small RVCs that had sprung up in the West Kent suburbs of London. By 1880 its composition was as follows: A and B Companies at Lee (3rd (Blackheath) Kent RVC) C and D Companies at Dartford (12th Kent RVC) (transferred from 3rd Admin Bn 1874) E Company at Greenwich (13th (Greenwich) Kent RVC) F Company at Bromley (18th (Bromley Rifle Club) Kent RVC) G and H Companies at Blackheath (25th (Blackheath Artisans) Kent RVC) I Company at Dartford (27th (Deptford Dockyard) Kent RVC) K Company at Charlton (28th (Charlton) Kent RVC) L Company at Deptford (34th (Deptford Town Artisans) Kent RVC) Other units briefly associated with the 1st Admin Bn included: 4th (Woolwich Town) Kent RVC at Woolwich (transferred to 26th Kent RVC (see below) 1870) 7th Kent RVC at Kidbrooke (disbanded 1869) 8th Kent RVC at Sydenham (disbanded 1871) 21st Kent RVC at Lewisham (disbanded 1861) 32nd Kent RVC at Eltham (disbanded 1876) Lt-Col Edmund Henry Lenon, retired Brevet Major in the 67th Foot, who had won a Victoria Cross in China in 1860, was commanding officer of the 1st Admin Bn from 16 November 1871 to 15 December 1883. In 1876 the battalion's uniforms were Rifle green faced with black. In 1880 the 1st Admin Bn was consolidated as the 3rd Kent (West Kent) Rifle Volunteers, becoming a Volunteer Battalion of the Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regiment the following year. In 1883 the battalion was designated the 2nd Volunteer Bn of the Queen's Own RWK. In 1888 the battalion took over Holly Hedge House on Blackheath as its headquarters. By 1900 the battalion's strength stood at 13 companies, one of them composed of cyclists, and the cadet corps at Blackheath Proprietary School and Quernmore School were affiliated to it. 4th Kent (Royal Arsenal) Rifle Volunteers The 26th Kent (Royal Arsenal) RVC was raised from workmen at the Royal Arsenal at Woolwich in February 1860 (who also formed the 10th (Royal Arsenal) Artillery Volunteer Corps), and soon reached a strength of 16 companies in two battalions. In 1864 the 1st Battalion was numbered the 21st Kent RVC, replacing a disbanded unit, the 2nd Battalion retaining the number 26; both kept 'Royal Arsenal' in their titles. They merged again under the 26th (Royal Arsenal) title in 1870. In 1880 the unit absorbed the 4th (Woolwich Town) Kent RVC, also based at Woolwich and previously part of the 1st Administrative Battalion (see above); the combined unit became the 4th Kent (Royal Arsenal) RVC. It was designated as the 3rd Volunteer Battalion of the Queen's Own RWK in 1883. The uniform was Rifle green with red facings until 1893 when it adopted the red uniform and blue facings of the QORWK. Territorial Force In 1908 the 2nd and 3rd Volunteer Bns of the QORWK Regiment were merged to form 20th (County of London) Battalion, The London Regiment (Blackheath and Woolwich), with HQ at Holly Hedge House. The regimental badge was the white horse of Kent, derived from the QORWKs, and the uniform was red, with the black facings of the old 50th Foot (West Kents) before they had altered to blue with the change of title to 'Queen's Own Royal'. The Regimental Colour bore the Battle honour South Africa 1900–02 in recognition of the detachments of volunteers from the parent units who had served in the Second Boer War. The new battalion formed part of 5th London Brigade in the TF's 2nd London Division. World War I The outbreak of war on 4 August saw the men of the 20th Londons at Perham Down on Salisbury Plain, where they had just arrived for their annual training camp with the rest of 2nd London Division. They were immediately recalled to Blackheath to complete their mobilisation and by mid-August the battalion had reached its war station at Hatfield, Hertfordshire. Meanwhile, "On Wednesday, August 5, 1914, and the following days Holly Hedge House was besieged by men wishing to enlist. There was no delay in absorbing them". The County of London Territorial Force Association immediately began raising 'Second Line' battalions, which quickly led to the formation of a duplicate 2/20th London battalion; consequently the original battalion was prefixed 1/20th. Subsequently, a reserve or 'Third Line' battalion (3/20th) was organised to supply drafts to the other two. 1/20th Londons In October 1914, 2nd London Division was selected for service on the Western Front and progressive training was carried out through the winter. Men who had only volunteered for Home Service were transferred to the 2/20th Battalion. 5th London Bde was the leading element of the division to land in France on 9/10 March 1915. In May the division (already known in France simply as 'The London Division' to distinguish it from the Regular Army 2nd Division) took its place in the line and was designated 47th (1/2nd London) Division, with the brigades numbered consecutively: 5th London became 141st (5th London) Brigade. The 1/20th served in this brigade throughout the war. 1915 During 1915 the battalion was engaged in the following operations: Battle of Festubert 24–27 May Battle of Loos 25 September–1 October Before Loos, the whole division was trained over a course with every enemy trench marked out with tape and flags, and the actual assault on 25 September was carried out at the cost of fewer casualties than the other divisions. 141 Bde's attack was led by the 1/18th Londons, then the 1/19th and 1/20th passed through, with 1/20th on the right heading for the enclosed 'garden city', a chalk pit and a small copse. The garden city was quickly taken, then A Company bombed their way into the chalk pit where they captured two German field guns which a few weeks later were exhibited on Horse Guards Parade in London. Apart from a small group of Germans who held out in a corner of the copse for 48 hours, the brigade had taken all its objectives and the 1/19th (who had lost their CO killed) and 1/20th began consolidating the line under the command of Lt-Col Hubback of the 1/20th. The 47th Division then formed a defensive flank for the whole attack, which continued for several days. On 27 September 141 Bde seized the German strongpoint at the copse, 1/20th providing most of the men, backed by bombing parties from the other battalions. 141 Bde remained in the line, defending against counter-attacks, for four days before being relieved. 1/20th Bn's casualties were 9 officers and 162 other ranks, the lowest of any of 47th Division's assaulting battalions. Battle of the Hohenzollern Redoubt 13–19 October. This was a continuation of Loos. 47th Division returned to the same area to relieve other troops, with Battalion HQ and A Company of the 1/20th back in the Chalk Pit, which was heavily bombarded. 1916 During 1916 the battalion was engaged in the following operations: Vimy Ridge – the units of 47th Division were involved in frequent crater-fighting in this sector from April to July 1916, including the major German attack on 21 May. Battle of the Somme In August the division marched south to take part in this offensive. Its first operation was the capture of High Wood on the opening day of the Battle of Flers-Courcelette (15 September). 141 Brigade was given the task of seizing the wood itself, the 1/20th being in the second wave, joining a confused and desperate fight. Casualties were very heavy but, after a renewed bombardment, German troops began to surrender. By the afternoon, 141 Bde held the wood, but was so disorganised by casualties that it had been formed into a composite battalion. Work on establishing a new line beyond the wood was started by a mixed party under Capt H.S. Read of the 1/20th Bn. Battle of the Transloy Ridges 1–9 October Capture of Eaucourt l'Abbaye 1–3 October Attacks on the Butte de Warlencourt 7–8 October 1917 47th Division moved into the Hill 60 sector of the Ypres Salient in October 1916 and took part in regular raids and crater fighting for a number of months. It then participated in the following operations: Battle of Messines – in the weeks leading up to the battle, 141 Bde held the divisional front and carried out preparations for the attacks, including digging new trenches and establishing ration and ammunition dumps. For the attack on 7 June it was in support, moving up to relieve 142 Bde two days later. 3rd Battle of Ypres – 47th Division was not directly involved in the offensive, being in reserve during the Battle of Pilckem Ridge (31 July–2 August) and spending two periods holding the line (18 August–2 September and 8–17 September), described as 'among the most unpleasant in its experience'. Battle of Cambrai – 141 Bde took over the recently captured Bourlon Wood on 29 November in time to be hit by the German counter-attack the following morning. The trenches were only half-dug and there was no wire, and the Germans treated the wood to an intense bombardment with gas shells. The defenders suffered heavy casualties, but the attacks on this sector were driven back, though the division was withdrawn to a more defensible line on the night of 4/5 December. 1918 The early part of March 1918 was spent in rest and reorganisation. When the German Spring Offensive opened on 21 March, 47th Division had just relieved another formation in the line on Welsh Ridge and was holding the right flank of Third Army. The main blow fell on Fifth Army to the south, but the Londoners were heavily bombarded with high explosive and gas shells, and later in the day the Germans attacked behind a smoke screen. The Londoners held their line, but Fifth Army was collapsing and 47th Division, with its flank open, was obliged to fall back on successive lines of half-dug trenches. The retirement, with rearguards contesting the German advance throughout, went on for six days and casualties were heavy. By the end, the remnants of 1/19th and 1/20th Londons were formed into a composite battalion. The Germans attempted to renew the offensive on 5 April. By now 47th Division had reorganised. Most of 1/19th was with 141 Bde in divisional reserve, but one company was in the front line still attached to 1/20th. The attack was made after an intense bombardment, and fighting went on all day, with reserves fed in progressively. The Germans made some gains, but the line held. 47th Division was relieved that night. 47th Division now had three quiet months, resting and then holding a quiet sector of the line, which gave the battalions time to absorb the hundreds of 18-year-old recruits they were sent to fill up their ranks. It was then engaged in the following operations: Battle of Albert 22–23 August – The division joined the Allied counter-offensive in this battle. 141 Brigade began their advance at 04.45, and gained their objective with little resistance, but in the morning mist and battle smoke the battalions began to consolidate a little short of the intended line; the follow-up units suffered heavily. 2nd Battle of Bapaume 31 August–3 September – 141 Bde advanced behind a creeping barrage at 05.30, gained all the ground required, and continued to advance the following day. A new dawn attack on 5 September suffered a check, so it was successfully repeated under cover of a barrage and a thunderstorm at 1900, followed by a further push on 6 September. After a further period of rest, 47th Division was preparing for a move to the Italian Front when it was instead ordered to take part in the final operations on the Western Front. On 1 October 141 Bde was hurried forward to keep in touch with the retreating Germans. On 28 October the division accompanied Third Army's commander, Sir William Birdwood on his ceremonial entry into Lille. 141 Brigade resumed its place in the Line on 31 October and took up positions along the River Scheldt. The river was crossed on 9 November, and the Armistice with Germany on 11 November found the battalions of 141 Bde administering the liberated city of Tournai. 1919 Demobilisation of 47 Division began in early 1919. By March the units had been reduced to cadres, and these left for England in May. Commanding Officers The following officers commanded 1/20th Londons during World War I: Lt-Col H.A. Christmas until September 1914 Col E.J. Moore, CB, VD, until February 1915 Lt-Col A. B. Hubback, CMG, until March 1916 ? Lt-Col W.H. Matthews, DSO, until May 1916, and April–July 1917 (when he took command of the divisional pioneer battalion, 1/4th Bn Royal Welch Fusiliers)) Lt-Col W. Parker, DSO, until April 1917 Lt-Col B. McM. Mahon, DSO, MC (former CO of 1/18th Londons (London Irish Rifles)) until November 1917 Maj R. Groves-Raines, DSO, until December 1917 Lt-Col F.R. Grimwood, DSO (formerly of 1/17th Londons (Poplar and Stepney Rifles)) until March 1918 (captured) Maj H.S. Read, MC until May 1918 Lt-Col W.B. Vince, DSO, MC (former CO of disbanded 1/8th Londons (Post Office Rifles)) until demobilisation 2/20th Londons The 2/20th Bn came into existence on 3 September 1914 and began training on Blackheath and in Greenwich Park. Early in 1915 it moved to billets around Betchworth in Surrey. The organisation of the Second Line Territorials duplicated the First Line, so that 2/20th Londons was assigned to 2/5th London Brigade in 2/2nd London Division. At the end of 1915, these were redesignated 180th (2/5th London) Brigade and 60th (2/2nd London) Division respectively. The battalions finally received rifles (old Japanese ones) for training in February 1915. Drafts to bring the 1/20th up to full strength for overseas service were a drain, but a fresh recruiting campaign in March 1915 brought the 2/20th back up to strength and provided for the 3/20th Bn. In August the 'Home Service only' and unfit men of the 2/20th were transferred to the 3/20th. When the 1/20th embarked for France, the 2/20th took over their billets around St Albans in Hertfordshire, then in January 1916 it moved to Sutton Veney on Salisbury Plain for intensive training prior to going overseas. Until now, the 2/20th had been sending drafts to replace casualties in the 1/20th, but that duty passed to the 3/20th Bn; the 2/20th itself absorbed and trained a draft of Yorkshiremen and Midlanders from Royal Army Medical Corps depots with no infantry training. Western Front On 26 June 1916 the 2/20th Bn embarked at Southampton for service in France, and began training for crater-fighting under instructors from the 51st Highland Division. From 6 July companies went into the Line alongside units of 51st Highland before the battalion became responsible for its own sector at the Quarries near Neuville-St.-Vaast from 12 July. The battalion immediately suffered its first casualties. Vimy Ridge craters: Aggressive patrolling of the craters facing Vimy Ridge was instituted by 180 Bde. Over succeeding weeks the 2/20th Bn alternated with the 2/18th Londons for eight-day spells in the line. The 60th Division adopted coloured flashes painted on each side of the new steel helmets to aid recognition: 180 Bde adopted a triangle, which was vermilion in the case of the 2/20th Bn. On 11 September the battalion carried out a pre-dawn raid on the German lines. By the time the division left the line in late October 1916, the 2/20th had suffered casualties of 3 officers and 48 men killed or died of wounds, and 5 officers and 187 men wounded. Salonika On 1 November, 60th Division was ordered to prepare to move to the Macedonian front, and the 2/20th embarked at Marseilles on 30 November, arriving at Salonika on 8 December. The battalion then marched up to the Doiran sector, where it was engaged in digging the Corps Defence Line in reserve. The 2/20th first went into the front line on 26 February 1917 in anticipation of a Bulgarian attack, and held the line until relieved on 26 March. 2nd Battle of Doiran (24/25 April 1917): The battalion had been withdrawn to train for a raid to be carried out by 60th Division in support of a British offensive near Lake Doiran. The object of the battalion's raid on a position known as 'The Nose' was to secure prisoners, destroy trenches, and inflict casualties, but its main aim was to deceive the enemy as to the point of the main attack. The attack was carefully rehearsed and the enemy's line thoroughly reconnoitred beforehand. It was accompanied by a party of sappers from 519th Field Company, Royal Engineers. Three parties attacked with artillery support at 22.55 on the night of 24/25 April and despite the enemy's 'SOS' barrage and searchlights, succeeded in cutting through the wire entanglements and entering the trenches, which were found to be empty and blocked: the preparations for the raid had successfully alerted the Bulgarians. A fire-fight broke out while the trenches were demolished, and the raiders withdrew after 30 minutes, having lost 19 other ranks dead or died of wounds, three prisoners, and 2 officers and 68 other ranks wounded. The raid was considered a great success, though the main offensive was a failure. The 60th Division was next transferred to the Egyptian Expeditionary Force (EEF) for the Sinai and Palestine Campaign. The 2/20th Bn embarked for Alexandria on 16 June 1917. Palestine The division's first offensive action in Palestine was during the attack on Beersheba beginning on 31 October, but 180 Bde was held in reserve and the men of 2/20th were able to watch the progress of the operation. Battle of Hareira and Sheria (6–7 November 1917): During the next phase of the offensive, against the Kauwukah trench system, on 6 November, two battalions of 180 Bde assaulted the Turkish lines, with 2/20th Bn in close support. The attack – the first full-scale assault made by the battalion in the war – was completely successful, with 'D' Company of 2/20th filling a gap in the attacking line and capturing a strongpoint. The company pressed on under heavy fire to capture a small hill overlooking the enemy positions. The whole battalion then made a dusk attack on the mound of Tel-es-Sheria. This was continued at dawn with the battalion advancing rapidly over open ground under covering fire from machine-guns, and seizing Sheria Station, Wadi Sheria and 'The Pimple'. The seizure of Sheria broke open the whole Turkish position, and allowed the EEF to pour through. Battle of Nebi Samwil (27–30 November 1917): After a period of rest, the 2/20th moved up on 25 November to support the 2/19th Londons defending the key point of Nebi Samwil. The Turks attacked Nebi Samwil two days later, but although the battalion sent companies up to the position, they were not required. The following evening 2/20th relieved 2/19th holding the position, and beat off two Turkish attacks before being relieved in turn on 30 November. Capture of Jerusalem (9 December 1917): By now the EEF was closing in on Jerusalem. On 8 December, after a difficult approach march, 180 Bde began its assault on Deir Yesin, with 2/20th Bn in brigade reserve. The attack was launched by 2/19th Bn, and after it was held up, the 2/20th reinforced it with one company working round the flank, and the rest of the battalion providing covering fire and a second support company. The brigade succeeded in capturing the position, which made the whole Turkish presence in Jerusalem untenable. The following morning, two mess cooks of 2/20th, Privates Andrews and Church, bringing up dixies of cocoa for the troops, got lost and found themselves near the gates of the City. They were greeted by a crowd of civilians with white flags. The surrender was taken by two sergeants of the 2/19th Bn, and patrols revealed that the city had been abandoned. D Company 2/20th claimed to be the first British troops to enter the western part. After the fall of Jerusalem, the battalion was rested until 26 December, when a final Turkish counter-attack was made to forestall the next British advance and 2/20th was called forward to reinforce the line. When this attack was spent, 180 Bde led the resumed offensive with a night attack on Er Ram from which the Turks retired, taking up positions on Shab Salah. Next day two companies of 2/20th Bn (B and C) led the attack on this dominating hill, descending into a wadi and then climbing up under severe artillery and machine-gun fire. The remaining Turks were driven off at the point of the bayonet and D Company followed up to consolidate the position. The battalion buried its dead in a single grave on Shab Salah, marked by a cross; they were later moved to Jerusalem War Cemetery. The battalion spent the next few weeks on outpost duty in the Wilderness between Jerusalem and Jericho, apart from an operation to collect a large number of rifles from the inhabitants of some villages who were suspected of harbouring Turkish deserters. On 19 February 1918 the advance was resumed to capture Jericho, with 2/20th Bn tasked with assaulting the Arak Ibrahim ridge and the high ground east of it, to clear the way for 2/18th and 2/19th to attack towards Talat ed Dumm the following day. The approach march was completed in darkness, with parties sent forward to occupy high points. The attack went in at 04.45 over extremely difficult ground, but success flares were lit on the summit of Arak Ibrahim by 06.10. Heavy casualties were suffered trying to cross the next 1,000 yards to the main Turkish position, but the advance was resumed at 13.30 after an artillery bombardment of the Turkish lines (the 2/20th helping to drag forward the guns), and the whole hill was captured by 14.15. The position was consolidated overnight, and on the morning of 21 February the rest of the 47th Division and the 1st Australian Light Horse Brigade captured Jericho. Transjordan Raids. The battalion was next engaged in the First raid across the River Jordan. 2/17th and 2/19th Bns of 180 Bde were to make assault crossing by raft on the night of 21/22 March 1918, followed by 2/20th and 2/18th respectively. However, the attack by the 1/17th failed, and 2/20th were sent on a long march round to reinforce the bridgehead gained by 1/19th. It was impossible to advance from the bridgehead in daylight, but the following night an attack on a brigade frontage was made, with 2/20th in the lead, which expanded the bridgehead onto the hills in front. 2/20th was engaged in consolidation while the raid proceeded towards Amman, then in covering the withdrawal to the bridgehead once the raid had attracted Turkish retaliation. The 2/20th was well to the fore in the Second Transjordan Raid, which began at 02.00 on 30 April 1918. The battalion captured the enemy trenches on the first crest, and beat off a counter-attack from the left as they continue to push on. But further advance was held up by heavy fire from a dominating position. Meanwhile, the mounted troops had reached Es Salt but had been compelled to retire, and the whole raiding force was withdrawn. The battalion historian refers to this as 'probably the stiffest action that it was destined to endure'. The exhausted 60th Division went into Corps reserve to rest and refit. After the crisis of the German Spring Offensive on the Western Front there was a call for reinforcements to be drawn from the troops in Palestine. The 60th Division was now placed on the Indian establishment (losing its London identity) and its surplus British battalions were broken up or sent to the Western Front as reinforcements, including the 2/20th. The battalion left on 27 May 1918 and sailed from Alexandria. During its service with the EEF, the 2/20th lost 7 officers and 114 other ranks killed or died of wounds or disease, 12 officers and 430 other ranks wounded. Return to the Western Front The 2/20th disembarked at Taranto before moving by rail to France, where it concentrated at Abancourt on 16 July 1918. Three days later it was attached to 66th (2nd East Lancashire) Division, which had been reduced to a training cadre after losses in the German offensive. On 9 August the battalion was transferred again, being attached to 185th (2/1st West Riding) Brigade of 62nd (2nd West Riding) Division for the final Allied Hundred Days Offensive. Battalions of 185 Bde wore a coloured circle (red in the case of 2/20th Londons) on the steel helmet and on the sleeve below the shoulder. 2/20th Battalion took part in the following actions during the Hundred Days Offensive: Battle of the Scarpe (26–30 August 1918). On 25 August the division relieved 2nd Division, which had just taken Ervillers, and continued the advance the next day towards Vraucourt, with 185 Bde in support. The advance having been held up, 2/20th Bn was ordered to renew the attack on 30 August with a dawn assault behind a creeping barrage and with tank support (both being new experiences for the battalion). The objectives were the villages of Vraucourt and Vaulx, and a sugar factory at a cross-roads. After forming up in the dark, the battalion attacked and by 07.30 had taken its objectives and established a continuous line, except on the right, where B company was broken into separate groups after tackling numerous machine gun positions. They then had to endure serious shelling and German counter-attacks until 2 September, when 187 Bde leap-frogged through, and the battalion was relieved the following day. In four days the 2/20th had lost 1 officer and 32 other ranks killed, six officers and 133 other ranks wounded. Battle of Havrincourt (12 September 1918). After a week's rest, and training in tank cooperation and the use of smokescreens, the battalion moved up to support the division's attack on Havrincourt. The following morning the 2/20th led the renewed attack, moving close behind the barrage and getting beyond their objectives, before repelling counter-attacks: divisional HQ described it as a 'clever and successful operation'. The battalion was relieved on 15 September, having suffered casualties of 4 officers and 35 other ranks killed, 10 other ranks wounded. Battle of the Canal du Nord (27 September 1918). When the advance was resumed on 27 September 185 Bde was detailed to follow up an attack by 76 Bde of 3rd Division. 2/20th had to cross the dry Canal du Nord by means of ladders to reach their jumping-off points, and then at 09.50 advanced through 76 Bde towards the second objective, which was captured at a rush. Some parties even got as far forward as the third objective before the reserve battalion leapfrogged through at 10.30. The battalion's companies suffered heavy casualties from machine guns and field guns on their open flanks, and the division did not reach its final objective, but before midnight a firm line was being held along Kaiser Trench. The battalion's casualties in the operation were 2 officers and 25 other ranks killed, 1 officer and 58 other ranks wounded. Subsequently, the battalion was ordered to take Rumilly at dawn on 30 September, without artillery support. After a difficult night approach march, the village was found to be strongly held, and despite two artillery bombardments, the isolated and scattered battalion was unable to hold it. Battle of the Selle (20 October 1918). By now the trench warfare of the Western Front was dissolving into open warfare, and the 2/20th's experience in Palestine came into play, though it had to be brought up to strength with large drafts of fresh men. At 02.00 on 20 October the division attacked Solesmes, 2/20th being given the task of encircling it from the North to take a clearly defined ridge after 186 Bde enveloped the town from the South. After crossing the River Selle by a narrow plank bridge to reach its jumping-off position, the battalion moved off at 07.00 and made good progress, establishing contact with the Guards Division on the left and completely breaking up a German counter-attack at 16.00 with its own rifles and Lewis guns in the absence of an attached section of Vickers guns that had been unable to get through. Casualties were comparatively light, but still numbered 22 killed and 87 wounded. Battle of the Sambre (4–6 November 1918). After a short period of rest and training, 185 Bde went into the line as reserve for the division's attack on Frasnoy on 4 November. The 2/20th attacked at 06.00 on the following morning to complete the capture of the objective, and then advanced beyond it to dig in on a support line, despite the rain and mud. The following morning they attacked again at 06.00, being firmly established on all their objectives by 10.00. This day, 6 November, was the last that the battalion spent in the line. It advanced towards the fortress town of Maubeuge and entered the outskirts, but when the Armistice with Germany came into force on 11 November, the division had lost touch with the retreating Germans. Occupation of the Rhineland (1918–19). 62nd Division was among those selected for the British Army of Occupation, and set out from Maubeuge on 16 November, led by the 2/20th Bn, marching through liberated Belgian villages until they crossed the frontier at Sinzenich, near Cologne on 24 December. The battalion was billeted at Sinzenich through the winter as part of the Army of Occupation. In March 1919 it moved to Düren to staff a demobilisation centre in the German barracks there. A party of 11 officers and 250 men volunteered to serve in the British Army of the Rhine and were sent to join the 10th Bn QORWK. The remainder of the battalion was progressively demobilised until the final cadre returned home to a civic reception at Lewisham on 13 June 1919. The 2/20th Bn's total casualties during two years four and half months of active service were 18 officers and 331 other ranks killed or died, and 31 officers and 982 other ranks wounded. Commanding Officers The following officers commanded 2/20th Londons during World War I: Col E.J. Moore, CB, TD, from formation Lt-Col H.A. Christmas, from September 1914 Lt-Col W. St A. Warde-Aldam, DSO, (Coldstream Guards) from 4 April 1916 until demobilisation 3/20th Londons The 3/20th Bn was formed in March 1915 as a reserve battalion to provide drafts to the 1/20th and 2/20th Bns. It moved to Richmond Park for training and then to Winchester in January 1916. On 8 April 1916 it was redesignated 20th Reserve Bn as part of the 2nd London Reserve Group (later 2nd London Reserve Brigade). In November 1917 it moved to Chiseldon Camp in Wiltshire and then in March 1918 to Flixton in Suffolk. Interwar The London Regiment had ceased to function in 1916, the battalions reverting to the administrative control of their pre-1908 affiliated Regular regiments (the QORWK in the case of the 20th Londons). On 16 February 1920, the 47th Division began to reform in the new Territorial Army, and by 1922 the battalion had fully reformed as the 20th London Regiment (The Queen's Own) in 141 (5th London) Bde. In 1935, 47th Division became 1st Anti-Aircraft Division, and a number of its battalions were converted to Anti-Aircraft (AA) roles. The 20th Londons was one of these, becoming a searchlight regiment as 34th (The Queen's Own Royal West Kent) Anti-Aircraft Battalion of the Royal Engineers (RE) with four AA Companies numbered 336–339. It formed part of 27th (Home Counties) Anti-Aircraft Group in 1 AA Division. By 1938, the battalion had transferred 339 Company to the 26th AA Battalion in exchange for the experienced 302 Company, giving the battalion the following organisation. HQ at Holly Hedge House, Blackheath 302 Company at Greenwich 336 Company at Blackheath 337 Company at Blackheath 338 Company at Eltham Despite transfer to the RE, the battalion continued to wear its White Horse cap badge and 20th Londons buttons. World War II Mobilisation The TA's AA units were mobilised on 23 September 1938 during the Munich Crisis, with units manning their emergency positions within 24 hours, even though many did not yet have their full complement of men or equipment. The emergency lasted three weeks, and they were stood down on 13 October. In February 1939 the existing AA defences came under the control of a new Anti-Aircraft Command. In June a partial mobilisation of the TA was begun in a process known as 'couverture', whereby each AA unit did a month's tour of duty in rotation to man selected gun and searchlight positions. On 24 August, ahead of the declaration of war, AA Command was fully mobilised at its war stations. On the outbreak of war, 34 AA Bn was still part of 27th AA Bde, but was now in 6 AA Division, responsible for guarding the Thames Estuary. Dunkirk Early in 1940, 34 AA Bn supplied searchlight detachments for the Thames Defence Flotilla, three paddle steamers converted as Auxiliary AA ships: HMS Royal Eagle, Crested Eagle and Golden Eagle. On 29 May the Flotilla was ordered to France to assist in the evacuation from Dunkirk (Operation Dynamo). Between the three ships over 3500 men were rescued, often at great risk to the crews. Crested Eagle was bombed and sunk by Luftwaffe aircraft off Dunkirk on 29 May. Great bravery was shown by the searchlight detachments on these ships. Corporal Lew Goddard on the Crested Eagle was awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal and Lance-Corporal Gordon Vane on the Royal Eagle was awarded the Military Medal, both for actions during the evacuation. Home Front During 1940 the RE's AA units were transferred to the Royal Artillery (RA) and in August the battalion became 34th (The Queen's Own Royal West Kent) Searchlight Regiment, Royal Artillery. It remained part of Home Forces until January 1945, defending the UK against air attack by the Luftwaffe. Infantry role By the end of 1944, 21st Army Group fighting in North West Europe was suffering a severe manpower shortage, particularly among the infantry. At the same time the Luftwaffe was so short of pilots, aircraft and fuel that serious aerial attacks on the United Kingdom could be discounted. In January 1945 the War Office began to reorganise surplus AA regiments in the UK into infantry battalions, primarily for line of communication and occupation duties in North West Europe, thereby releasing trained infantry for frontline service. The 34th was one of the units selected for conversion to the infantry role, becoming 633rd (Queen's Own Royal West Kent) Infantry Regiment, Royal Artillery. It formed part of 308th Infantry Brigade (converted from 61 AA Bde). After infantry training, including a short period attached to 38th (Welsh) Infantry Division, 308 Bde came under the orders of 21st Army Group on 27 April 1945 and landed on the Continent two days later. It came under the control of Maasforce (4–22 May) and then I Canadian Corps, serving in North West Europe until the end of the war. Postwar When the TA was reconstituted in 1947, the regiment reformed at Blackheath as 569 (The Queen's Own) Searchlight Regiment, as part of 75 AA Bde (the old 49 AA Bde based in London). In March 1949 it was redesignated 569 (The Queen's Own) (Mixed) Light Anti-Aircraft/Searchlight Regiment, reflecting a partially changed role and the inclusion of members of the Women's Royal Army Corps (hence the designation 'Mixed'). The regiment still wore its 20th Londons cap badge, together with RA collar badges. About 1951 its personnel adopted a supplementary shoulder title of 'THE QUEEN'S OWN' in grey on black beneath the RA shoulder title and above the AA Command arm badge. AA Command was disbanded in March 1955, and as part of the reduction the regiment was merged into 265 Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, becoming 'Q Battery (The Queens Own)', based at Lewisham. Further reductions in 1961 saw the whole regiment become 'Q (London) Battery' at Grove Park. Successor units still occupy Grove Park and Bexleyheath drill-halls, as 265 (Home Counties) Battery, 106th (Yeomanry) Regiment, Royal Artillery and 265 (Kent and County of London Yeomanry) Support Squadron, Royal Corps of Signals. Both units strive to continue and maintain the traditions and history of their predecessor Regiments. Regimental memorial plaques and Regimental silver are displayed within The Army Reserve Centre, Baring Road, Grove Park, London SE12 0BH. These can be viewed at by prior appointment. Past members from the Regiment within The Royal Artillery Association still attend the annual Jerusalem dinner held at The Grove Park Army Reserve Centre. Battle Honours The regiment was awarded the following Battle Honours (those shown in bold type being those selected to be displayed on the Regimental Colours: South Africa 1900–02 Loos, Somme 1916, '18, Flers-Courcelette, Le Transloy, Messines 1917, Ypres 1917, Langemarck 1917, St Quentin, Bapaume 1918, Ancre 1918, Hindenburg Line, Havrincourt, Canal du Nord, Cambrai 1918, Selle, Sambre, France and Flanders 1915–18, Doiran 1917, Macedonia 1916–17, Gaza, Jerusalem, Jericho, Jordan, Palestine 1917–18. The RA and RE do not receive battle honours, so none were awarded to the regiment for its service during World War II. Memorials In 1920 a 20 ft runic granite cross was erected in the grounds of Holly Hedge House bearing the inscription: '1914–1918 1939–1945 / IN MEMORY OF / THE OFFICERS, WARRANT OFFICERS, NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS AND MEN / OF THE 1/20TH AND 2/20TH BATTNS THE LONDON REGIMENT / WHO FELL FOR THEIR COUNTRY DURING THE GREAT WAR, / IN BELGIUM, FRANCE, SALONIKA, EGYPT, PALESTINE AND GERMANY / 1915–1918 / THIS MEMORIAL HAS BEEN ERECTED BY THEIR COMRADES'. It was unveiled by HRH Prince Albert (later King George VI), who presented a King's Colour to the disbanded 2/20th Bn at the same ceremony. The memorial was renewed in 1954, when the date '1939–45' was added, and it was unveiled by Gen Sir Frederick Pile, former GOC of AA Command. The memorial was renovated in 1990, with a new inscription: '1914–1918 1939–1945 / IN MEMORY OF ALL RANKS OF THE 20TH REGIMENT / (THE QUEENS OWN) WHO DIED IN BATTLE IN THE / GREAT WAR OF 1914–1918 AND THOSE IN SUCCESSOR UNITS / WHO HAVE DIED SUBSEQUENTLY / THIS MEMORIAL HAS BEEN ERECTED BY THEIR COMRADES'. The regiment is one of those inscribed on the City and County of London Troops Memorial in front of the Royal Exchange, London, with architectural design by Sir Aston Webb and sculpture by Alfred Drury. The right-hand (southern) bronze figure flanking this memorial depicts an infantryman representative of the various London infantry units. Honorary Colonels The following served as Colonel Commandant or Honorary Colonel of the regiment: Maj-Gen John St George, RA, appointed Col Cmdt 21st and 26th (Royal Arsenal) Kent RVCs 11 May 1864 Gen Sir John Miller Adye, RA, Col Cmdt 4th and 26th (Royal Arsenal) Kent RVCs, Hon Col 3rd Volunteer Bn QORWK, died 1900. Sir Ion Hamilton Benn, Bt, RNVR, CB, DSO, MP, appointed Hon Col of the 2nd Volunteer Bn QORWK 26 May 1906, and 20th Londons 22 August 1914. F.T. Halse, appointed Hon Col of 20th Londons (later 34th AA Bn RE) 2 February 1929. Notes References Anon, Regimental Badges and Service Caps, London: George Philip & Sons, 1941. Maj R. Money Barnes, The Soldiers of London, London: Seeley Service, 1963. Maj A. F. Becke,History of the Great War: Order of Battle of Divisions, Part 2a: The Territorial Force Mounted Divisions and the 1st-Line Territorial Force Divisions (42–56), London: HM Stationery Office, 1935/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2007, . Maj A. F. Becke,History of the Great War: Order of Battle of Divisions, Part 2b: The 2nd-Line Territorial Force Divisions (57th–69th), with the Home-Service Divisions (71st–73rd) and 74th and 75th Divisions, London: HM Stationery Office, 1937/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2007, . Ian F. W. Beckett, Riflemen Form: A study of the Rifle Volunteer Movement 1859–1908, Aldershot: Ogilby Trusts, 1982, . David L. Bullock, Allenby's War: The Palestine-Arabian Campaigns 1916–1918, London: Blandford Press, 1988, . Niall Cherry, Most Unfavourable Ground: The Battle of Loos 1915, Solihull: Helion, 2005, . Col P. H. Dalbaic, History of the 60th Division (2/2nd London Division), London: George Allen & Unwin, 1927/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2003. Brig-Gen Sir James E. Edmonds, History of the Great War: Military Operations, France and Belgium 1918, Vol V, 26th September–11th November, The Advance to Victory, London: HM Stationery Office, 1947/Imperial War Museum and Battery Press, 1993, . Capt W. R. Elliot, The Second Twentieth: Being the History of the 2/20th Bn London Regiment, 1920/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press/Imperial War Museum, 2005, . Major L. F. Ellis, History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series: Victory in the West, Vol II: The Defeat of Germany, London: HM Stationery Office, 1968/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2004, . General Sir Martin Farndale, History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery: The Years of Defeat: Europe and North Africa, 1939–1941, Woolwich: Royal Artillery Institution, 1988/London: Brasseys, 1996, . Lt-Col H. F. Joslen, Orders of Battle, United Kingdom and Colonial Formations and Units in the Second World War, 1939–1945, London: HM Stationery Office, 1960/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2003, . Norman E. H. Litchfield, The Territorial Artillery 1908–1988 (Their Lineage, Uniforms and Badges), Nottingham: Sherwood Press, 1992, . Alan H. Maude (ed.), The History of the 47th (London) Division 1914–1919, London: Amalgamated Press, 1922/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2002, . Lt-Col H. R. Martin, Historical Record of the London Regiment, 2nd Edn (nd) Brig N. W. Routledge, History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery: Anti-Aircraft Artillery 1914–55, London: Royal Artillery Institution/Brassey's, 1994, . Titles and Designations of Formations and Units of the Territorial Army, London: War Office, 7 November 1927. Alan Wakefield and Simon Moody, Under the Devil's Eye: Britain's Forgotten Army at Salonika 1915–1918, Stroud: Sutton, 2004, . Ray Westlake, Tracing the Rifle Volunteers, Barnsley: Pen and Sword, 2010, . Online sources Keith Brigstock 'Royal Artillery Searchlights', presentation to Royal Artillery Historical Society at Larkhill, 17 January 2007 (cached on Google; retrieved 9 August 2014). British Army units from 1945 on British Military History Commonwealth War Graves Commission Ideal Homes: A History of South-East London Suburbs The Long, Long Trail Orders of Battle at Patriot Files Land Forces of Britain, the Empire and Commonwealth (Regiments.org) The Royal Artillery 1939–45 The Regimental Warpath 1914–1918 20th London Regiment website UK National Inventory of War Memorials Category:Military units and formations established in 1908 20 Category:Military units and formations in London Category:1908 establishments in the United Kingdom	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Brandywine Village Historic District Brandywine Village Historic District is a national historic district located along Brandywine Creek at Wilmington, New Castle County, Delaware. It encompasses 12 contributing buildings, 7 contributing sites, and 2 contributing structures. Brandywine Village developed in the late-18th century as a group of flour mills, the homes of prosperous millers, mill workers, shop keepers and artisans. Located in the district are a set of mill owner built homes of granite. Notable buildings include the Gothic Revival style St. John's Episcopal Church (1857-1858) designed by noted Philadelphia architect John Notman, Brandywine Methodist Episcopal Church (1857), and Brandywine Academy (1798). In 1788, Brandywine Village was the site of the first mechanized mill designed by Oliver Evans. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1971 and expanded in 1976. References Category:Gothic Revival architecture in Delaware Category:Historic districts in Wilmington, Delaware Category:Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Delaware Category:National Register of Historic Places in Wilmington, Delaware Category:1788 establishments in the United States	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Steven Mays Steven Mays (born June 17, 1966) is an American wrestler. He competed in the men's Greco-Roman 54 kg at the 2000 Summer Olympics. References Category:1966 births Category:Living people Category:American male sport wrestlers Category:Olympic wrestlers of the United States Category:Wrestlers at the 2000 Summer Olympics Category:Sportspeople from Pensacola, Florida	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Ubari Ubari or Awbari (Berber language: Ubari or Awbari); ) is a Tuareg Berber-speaking oasis town and the capital of the Wadi al Hayaa District, in the Fezzan region of southwestern Libya. It is in the Idehan Ubari, a Libyan section of the Sahara Desert. It was the capital of the former baladiyah (district) called Awbari, in the southwest of the country. Geography Ubari is in the Targa valley, lying between the Messak Sattafat plateau and Idhan Ubari erg sand dunes and lakes. Native plants include wetland grasses at the natural spring fed lakes' shorelines, and the native Saharan Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) The Ubari oasis settlement is the second center for the Kel Ajjer Tuareg people, after Ghat. Neighbouring villages include Germa, and Garran. Ubari is located in one of the sunniest and driest areas in the world. It has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWh) with short, very warm winters but long, extremely hot summers. Average annual rainfall is one of the lowest found on the planet with only 8 mm (0.31 in) and many decades may easily pass without seeing any rainfall at all. Ubari has permanent, unlimited sunshine and clear skies all year-round and in all seasons. Clouds are extremely rare over this bone-dry land. Average high temperatures exceed 40 °C (104 °F) from June to September. Libyan civil wars During the 2011 Libyan civil war the town was captured by the forces of the National Transitional Council on 22 September 2011. On 19 November 2011, Saif al-Islam Gaddafi and a few associates were captured and detained about 50 kilometers west of Ubari as they were trying to flee to neighbouring Niger. Following the 2nd civil war, the city has been claimed by independent Tuareg and Toubou tribes. See also Ubari Airport List of cities in Libya References External links Category:Populated places in Wadi al Hayaa District Category:Oases of Libya Category:Tuareg Category:Baladiyat of Libya vi:Ubari	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Center for Environmental Technology The Center for Environmental Technology or CET, formerly known as the Environmental Technology Laboratory of NOAA, US Department of Commerce, is a joint center between the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the University of Colorado, which designs some of the most sensitive radio receivers in the world for active and passive microwave observation of terrestrial and atmospheric phenomena. External links Official website Category:University of Colorado Boulder	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Trumpeter (bird) The trumpeters are a family of birds restricted to the humid forests of the Amazon and Guiana Shield in South America. They are named for the trumpeting or cackling threat call of the males. The three species resemble chickens in size; they measure long and weigh . They are rotund birds with long necks and legs and curved bills and a hunched posture. Their heads are small, but their eyes are relatively large, making them look "good-natured". The plumage is soft, resembling fur or velvet on the head and neck. It is mostly black, with purple, green, or bronze iridescence, particularly on the wing coverts and the lower neck. In the best-known taxa the secondary and tertial flight feathers are white, grey, or greenish to black, and hairlike, falling over the lower back, which is the same colour. These colours give the three generally accepted species their names. Taxonomy and systematics Traditionally only three species of trumpeters have been recognised. In 2008 a review of the morphology of the dark-winged trumpeter resulted in the recommendation of splitting it into three species. In 2010 a review of the phylogeny and biogeography of all members of the family resulted in a total of 8 species, including two in the grey-winged trumpeter complex, two in the pale-winged trumpeter complex, and four in the dark-winged trumpeter complex. Grey-winged trumpeter, Psophia crepitans Grey-winged trumpeter, Psophia (crepitans) crepitans Napo trumpeter, Psophia (crepitans) napensis Ochre-winged trumpeter, Psophia (crepitans) ochroptera Pale-winged (or white-winged) trumpeter, Psophia leucoptera White-winged trumpeter, Psophia (leucoptera) leucoptera Dark-winged trumpeter, Psophia viridis Green-winged trumpeter, Psophia (viridis) viridis Brown-winged trumpeter, Psophia (viridis) dextralis Dark-winged trumpeter, Psophia (viridis) obscura Psophia (viridis) interjecta – should possibly be merged with dextralis. Behaviour and ecology Trumpeters fly weakly but run fast; they can easily outrun dogs. They are also capable of swimming across rivers. They spend most of the day in noisy flocks, sometimes numbering more than 100, on the forest floor. They feed on fallen fruit (particularly fruit knocked down by monkeys). They also eat a small amount of arthropods, including ants and flies, and even some reptiles and amphibians. At night they fly with difficulty into trees to roost above the ground. Trumpeters nest in a hole in a tree or in the crown of a palm tree. They lay 2 to 5 eggs with rough, white shells, averaging about . In the pale-winged trumpeter and the grey-winged trumpeter, groups of adults care for a single clutch. Relationship with humans Trumpeters are often used as "guard dogs" because they call loudly when alarmed, become tame easily, and are believed to be adept at killing snakes. One source states their skill at hunting snakes as a fact, and the nineteenth-century botanist Richard Spruce gave an account of the friendliness and snake-killing prowess of a tame grey-winged trumpeter. For these reasons, Spruce recommended that England import trumpeters to India. However, another source says this prowess is "reputed". References External links Trumpeter videos on the Internet Bird Collection Category:Higher-level bird taxa restricted to the Neotropics *	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Charles of Limburg Stirum Count Charles Gaëtan Corneille Marie François-Xavier Ghislain of Limburg Stirum, GCVO, GCSG (15 September 1906 – 14 June 1989), a Count of the Holy Roman Empire and Knight of the Golden Fleece (Austrian branch), was a member of the House of Limburg-Stirum. During his life he was a Belgian Senator and Grand Master of the Royal Households of King Leopold III. Life Charles was born in Huldenberg, Belgium, and was the second son of Evrard Philippe, Count of Limburg Stirum (29 October 1868 – 8 May 1938) and Louise, Baronne Gericke d'Herwijnen (17 April 1881 - 6 September 1969). He was later adopted by his aunt, Marie of Limburg Stirum who was without descent, to inherit the castle of Bois Saint Jean in the South of Belgium. During World War II, he fought as a captain with the Belgian panzer troops and was made prisoner by the Germans. After being released, he took an active part in the armed resistance against the occupier. Bois Saint Jean became an important drop point of material and arms to the Belgian resistance. During the Von Rundstedt Offensive in the Winter of 1944, Bois Saint Jean was overtaken by the Germans and used as local headquarter. The US Army Air Force bombed it to the ground in January 1945. After the war, he rebuilt the castle of Bois Saint Jean, though in a different style than the original building. Charles de Limburg Stirum served as Senator, then was appointed Grand Master of the King Leopold III after King Leopold's abdication. He held this office until 1971. He died in Brussels on 14 June 1989. Marriage and Descent On 13 June 1932 in Křimice (Bohemia) he married Marie Kunigunde Princess of Lobkowicz (1906-2005), a daughter of Jaroslav, 11th Prince of Lobkowicz, Duke of Roudnice (26 March 1877 - 24 October 1953) and Marie-Thérèse Countess of Beaufort-Spontin (6 August 1885 - 22 February 1942). They had eight children: Countess Marie of Limburg-Stirum; born in 1935. In 1956, she married Count Gobert-Leopold d'Aspermont Lynden and they have seven children: Count Jean d'Aspermont Lynden; born in 1957. He married Dominique Lamarche and they have two children: Count Gobert d'Aspermont Lynden; born in 1986. Countess Diane d'Aspermont Lynden; born in 1990. Countess Elizabeth d'Aspermont Lynden; born in 1958. Count Philippe d'Aspermont Lynden; born in 1959. Count Geoffrey d'Aspermont Lynden; born in 1962. Countess Sophie d'Aspermont Lynden; born in 1964. Countess Clothilde d'Aspermont Lynden; born in 1967. In 1993, she married Philippe Haeglsteen. Count Cristoph d'Aspermont Lynden; born in 1979. Countess Gabrielle of Limburg-Stirum; born in 1936. In 1958, she married Count Didier Cornet d'Elzius du Chenoy and they have three children: Count Etienne Cornet d'Elzius du Chenoy; born in 1959. He married Dominique de Wasseige and they have four children: Count Gaël Cornet d'Elzius du Chenoy; born in 1989. Countess Muriel Cornet d'Elzius du Chenoy; born in 1991. Count Brieuc Cornet d'Elzius du Chenoy; born in 1994. Countess Valentine Cornet d'Elzius du Chenoy; born in 1996. Count Xavier Cornet d'Elzius du Chenoy; born in 1961. In 1985, he married Baroness Joëlle de Crombrugghe de Looringhe and they have three children: Count Cristophe Cornet d'Elzius du Chenoy; born in 1988. Countess Marie-Caroline Cornet d'Elzius du Chenoy; born in 1991. Countess Sophie Cornet d'Elzius du Chenoy; born in 1992. Countess Beatrice Cornet d'Elzius du Chenoy; born in 1965. Count Bernard of Limburg-Stirum; born in 1938. In 1970, he firstly married Countess Nathalie de la Boissiere-Thiennes and they have two children: Count Charles-Philippe of Limburg-Stirum; born in 1971. Count Leopold of Limburg-Stirum; born in 1978. He then married Régine Roberti. Count Emmanuel of Limburg-Stirum; born in 1940. In 1968, he married Countess Nadine d'Ursel and they have three children: Countess Eleonore of Limburg-Stirum; born in 1970. Count Wolfgang of Limburg-Stirum; born in 1971. Count Arnaud of Limburg-Stirum; born in 1974. Countess Sibylle of Limburg-Stirum; born in 1942. In 1964, she married Pietro del Vaglio Rosati and they have four children: Miss Christiana del Vaglio Rosati; born in 1966. Miss Marina del Vaglio Rosati; born in 1968. In 1992, she married Comte Cedric de Lalaing. Miss Gabriella del Vaglio Rosati; born in 1970. Miss Natalia del Vaglio Rosati; born in 1975. Countess Jacqueline of Limburg-Stirum; born in 1943. In 1989, she married to Baron Bonifatius von Twickel. Count Jean of Limburg-Stirum; born in 1946. Countess Louise of Limburg-Stirum; born in 1949. In 1976, she married Count Engelbert von und zu Westerholt und Gysenberg. Honours and awards Belgian honours Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown Grand Cross of the Order of Leopold II Knight of the Order of Leopold Belgian awards Croix de Guerre with bronze lion Volunteer's Medal 1940-1945 Commemorative Medal of the War 1940-1945 with crossed swords Prisoner of War Medal 1940-1945 Resistance Medal 1940-1945 Honorary Insignia of Work Foreign honours Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece (Austrian Branch) : Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order (United Kingdom) (GCVO) : Grand Cross of the Pontifical Order of St Gregory the Great (Holy See) (GCSG) : Grand Cross of the Order of the Oak Crown (Luxembourg) : Grand Cross of the Order of the Southern Cross (Brazil) : Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun (Japan) : Grand Cross of the Order of the House of Orange (Netherlands) : Grand Cross of the Order of Merit (Austria) : Grand Cross of the Order of Merit (Senegal) : Commander Grand Cross of the Royal Order of the Polar Star (Sweden) : Grand Commander of the Order of the Dannebrog (Denmark) : Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Norwegian Order of St Olav : Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown of Thailand : Grand Officer of the Order of the Yugoslav Flag Foreign awards French Liberation Medal Various foreign awards Honorific eponyms Mount Limburg Stirum Ancestry References External links Entry at ThePeerage.com Category:1906 births Category:1989 deaths Charles of Limburg Stirum Category:Counts of Belgium Category:People from Flemish Brabant Category:Belgian military personnel of World War II Category:Belgian resistance members Category:Knights of the Golden Fleece Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of the Oak Crown Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of the Crown (Belgium) Category:Recipients of the Grand Cross of the Order of Leopold II Category:Recipients of the Croix de guerre (Belgium) Category:Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Gregory the Great Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of the Southern Cross Category:Grand Cordons of the Order of the Rising Sun Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of the House of Orange Category:Commanders Grand Cross of the Order of the Polar Star Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of the Dannebrog Category:Belgian prisoners of war in World War II Category:Belgian Roman Catholics	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
1988 World Junior Championships in Athletics – Men's decathlon The men's decathlon event at the 1988 World Junior Championships in Athletics was held in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, at Laurentian University Stadium on 27 and 28 July. Senior implements (106.7cm (3'6) hurdles, 7257g shot, 2kg discus) were used. Medalists Results Final 27/28 July Participation According to an unofficial count, 22 athletes from 17 countries participated in the event. References Decathlon Category:Combined events at the World Athletics U20 Championships	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
2011 Pacific-10 Conference Men's Basketball Tournament The 2011 Pacific Life Pacific-10 Conference Men's Basketball Tournament was played on March 9–11, 2011 at Staples Center in Los Angeles, California. The tournament champion became the NCAA Tournament automatic qualifier from the conference. The Arizona Wildcats, finish the season atop of the conference with a 14–4 record, and the UCLA Bruins were the two top-seed teams in the tournament. The third-seeded Washington Huskies won the tournament. This was the final tournament ever held under the "Pac-10" name, as Colorado and Utah joined the conference in July, making it the "Pac-12." Seeds Teams were seeded by conference record, with a tiebreaker system used to seed teams with identical conference records. Schedule Bracket Tournament notes Both men’s and women’s basketball tournament semi-final and final games were held at the Staples Center. The annual Coach of the Year Award was renamed to honor Coach John Wooden. Sean Miller of the Arizona Wildcats was the 2011 winner. Chick Hearn Court between Staples Center and LA Live was the location for the new Pac-10 FanFest, featuring a basketball sport court, beer garden, family-friendly activities like face painting and sign making, a live DJ, band and cheer performances, and Wolfgang Puck food specials. The Women's trophy presentation and institutional headquarters were also located at the FanFest. The championship game was the first title game in conference history to require an overtime period. Washington and Washington St. were the only arch rivals to meet up in this year. It was the first arch rival tournament game of any pair in two years. Klay Thompson of Washington State had a record setting 29 FG attempts vs. Washington. His record still stands. He was 15 of 29 . Jeremy Green's 15 3-pt. FG attempts vs. Oregon State set a tournament record. Playing for Stanford, he was 7 of 15. With the automatic bid to the NCAA tournament, Washington made its 16th appearance. Three other teams were invited to the 2011 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship: UCLA, USC, and Arizona. All-Tournament Team Jared Cunningham, Oregon State E. J. Singler, Oregon Klay Thompson, Washington State Derrick Williams, Arizona Terrence Ross, Washington Isaiah Thomas, Washington Most Outstanding Player Isaiah Thomas, Washington 2011 Hall of Honor inductees The induction ceremony took place on Saturday, March 12, 2011, during the Pac-10 Hall of Honor breakfast: Michael Dickerson (Arizona) Isaac Austin (Arizona State) Bob McKeen (California) Charlie Warren (Oregon) Charlie White (Oregon State) Brevin Knight (Stanford) Don MacLean (UCLA) Harold Miner (USC) Todd MacCulloch (Washington) Ray Sundquist (Washington State) See also 2010–11 Pacific-10 Conference men's basketball standings References External links Pac-10 Basketball Tournament site Category:Pac-12 Conference Men's Basketball Tournament Category:2010–11 Pacific-10 Conference men's basketball season	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Word In linguistics, a word of a spoken language can be defined as the smallest sequence of phonemes that can be uttered in isolation with objective or practical meaning. For many languages, words also correspond to sequences of graphemes ("letters") in their standard writing systems that are delimited by spaces wider than the normal inter-letter space, or by other graphical conventions. The concept of "word" is usually distinguished from that of a morpheme, which is the smallest unit of speech which has a meaning, even if it will not stand on its own. In many languages, the notion of what constitutes a "word" may be mostly learned as part of learning the writing system. This is the case of the English language, and of most languages that are written with alphabets derived from the ancient Latin or Greek alphabets. There is still no consensus among linguists about the proper definition of "word" in a spoken language that is independent of its writing system, nor about the precise distinction between it and "morpheme". This issue is particularly debated for Chinese and other languages of East Asia, and may be moot for Afro-Asiatic languages. In English orthography, the letter sequences "rock", "god", "write", "with", "the", "not" are considered to be single-morpheme words, whereas "rocks", "ungodliness", "typewriter", and "cannot" are words composed of two or more morphemes ("rock"+"s", "un"+"god"+"li"+"ness", "type"+"writ"+"er", and "can"+"not"). In English and many other languages, the morphemes that make up a word generally include at least one root (such as "rock", "god", "type", "writ", "can", "not") and possibly some affixes ("-s", "un-", "-ly", "-ness"). Words with more than one root ("[type][writ]er", "[cow][boy]s", "[tele][graph]ically") are called compound. Words are combined to form other elements of language, such as phrases ("a red rock", "put up with"), clauses ("I threw a rock"), and sentences ("I threw a rock, but missed"). Definitions/meanings Summary There have been many proposed criteria for identifying words. However, no definition has been found to apply to all languages. Dictionaries categorize a language's lexicon (i.e., its vocabulary) into lemmas. These can be taken as an indication of what constitutes a "word" in the opinion of the writers of that language. The most appropriate means of measuring the length of a word is by counting its syllables or morphemes. When a word has multiple definitions or multiple senses, it may result in confusion in a debate or discussion. Semantic definition Leonard Bloomfield introduced the concept of "Minimal Free Forms" in 1928. Words are thought of as the smallest meaningful unit of speech that can stand by themselves. This correlates phonemes (units of sound) to lexemes (units of meaning). However, some written words are not minimal free forms as they make no sense by themselves (for example, the and of). Some semanticists have put forward a theory of so-called semantic primitives or semantic primes, indefinable words representing fundamental concepts that are intuitively meaningful. According to this theory, semantic primes serve as the basis for describing the meaning, without circularity, of other words and their associated conceptual denotations. Features In the Minimalist school of theoretical syntax, words (also called lexical items in the literature) are construed as "bundles" of linguistic features that are united into a structure with form and meaning. For example, the word "koalas" has semantic features (it denotes real-world objects, koalas), category features (it is a noun), number features (it is plural and must agree with verbs, pronouns, and demonstratives in its domain), phonological features (it is pronounced a certain way), etc. Word boundaries The task of defining what constitutes a "word" involves determining where one word ends and another word begins—in other words, identifying word boundaries. There are several ways to determine where the word boundaries of spoken language should be placed: Potential pause: A speaker is told to repeat a given sentence slowly, allowing for pauses. The speaker will tend to insert pauses at the word boundaries. However, this method is not foolproof: the speaker could easily break up polysyllabic words, or fail to separate two or more closely linked words (e.g. "to a" in "He went to a house"). Indivisibility: A speaker is told to say a sentence out loud, and then is told to say the sentence again with extra words added to it. Thus, I have lived in this village for ten years might become My family and I have lived in this little village for about ten or so years. These extra words will tend to be added in the word boundaries of the original sentence. However, some languages have infixes, which are put inside a word. Similarly, some have separable affixes; in the German sentence "Ich komme gut zu Hause an", the verb ankommen is separated. Phonetic boundaries: Some languages have particular rules of pronunciation that make it easy to spot where a word boundary should be. For example, in a language that regularly stresses the last syllable of a word, a word boundary is likely to fall after each stressed syllable. Another example can be seen in a language that has vowel harmony (like Turkish): the vowels within a given word share the same quality, so a word boundary is likely to occur whenever the vowel quality changes. Nevertheless, not all languages have such convenient phonetic rules, and even those that do present the occasional exceptions. Orthographic boundaries: See below. Orthography In languages with a literary tradition, there is interrelation between orthography and the question of what is considered a single word. Word separators (typically spaces) are common in modern orthography of languages using alphabetic scripts, but these are (excepting isolated precedents) a relatively modern development (see also history of writing). In English orthography, compound expressions may contain spaces. For example, ice cream, air raid shelter and get up each are generally considered to consist of more than one word (as each of the components are free forms, with the possible exception of get). Not all languages delimit words expressly. Mandarin Chinese is a very analytic language (with few inflectional affixes), making it unnecessary to delimit words orthographically. However, there are many multiple-morpheme compounds in Mandarin, as well as a variety of bound morphemes that make it difficult to clearly determine what constitutes a word. Sometimes, languages which are extremely close grammatically will consider the same order of words in different ways. For example, reflexive verbs in the French infinitive are separate from their respective particle, e.g. se laver ("to wash oneself"), whereas in Portuguese they are hyphenated, e.g. lavar-se, and in Spanish they are joined, e.g. lavarse. Japanese uses orthographic cues to delimit words such as switching between kanji (Chinese characters) and the two kana syllabaries. This is a fairly soft rule, because content words can also be written in hiragana for effect (though if done extensively spaces are typically added to maintain legibility). Vietnamese orthography, although using the Latin alphabet, delimits monosyllabic morphemes rather than words. In character encoding, word segmentation depends on which characters are defined as word dividers. Morphology Morphology is the study of word formation and structure. In synthetic languages, a single word stem (for example, love) may have a number of different forms (for example, loves, loving, and loved). However, for some purposes these are not usually considered to be different words, but rather different forms of the same word. In these languages, words may be considered to be constructed from a number of morphemes. In Indo-European languages in particular, the morphemes distinguished are: The root. Optional suffixes. A inflectional suffix. Thus, the Proto-Indo-European would be analyzed as consisting of , the zero grade of the root . A root-extension (diachronically a suffix), resulting in a complex root . The thematic suffix . The neuter gender nominative or accusative singular suffix . Philosophy Philosophers have found words objects of fascination since at least the 5th century BC, with the foundation of the philosophy of language. Plato analyzed words in terms of their origins and the sounds making them up, concluding that there was some connection between sound and meaning, though words change a great deal over time. John Locke wrote that the use of words "is to be sensible marks of ideas", though they are chosen "not by any natural connexion that there is between particular articulate sounds and certain ideas, for then there would be but one language amongst all men; but by a voluntary imposition, whereby such a word is made arbitrarily the mark of such an idea". Wittgenstein's thought transitioned from a word as representation of meaning to "the meaning of a word is its use in the language." Archaeology shows that even for centuries prior to this fascination by philosophers in the 5th century BC, many languages had various ways of expressing this verbal unit, which in turn diversified and evolved into a range of expressions with wide philosophical significance. Ancient manuscripts of the Gospel of John reveal in its 5th chapter Jesus chastising the pharisees expecting to find life in writings instead of himself. This perhaps could have led to John's introduction in chapter of a description in the Greek translation as "the logos". A famous early scientist, scholar and priest, Thomas Aquinas, influenced Cartesian philosophy and mathematics by interpreting such passages consistently with his philosophy of logic. Classes Grammar classifies a language's lexicon into several groups of words. The basic bipartite division possible for virtually every natural language is that of nouns vs. verbs. The classification into such classes is in the tradition of Dionysius Thrax, who distinguished eight categories: noun, verb, adjective, pronoun, preposition, adverb, conjunction and interjection. In Indian grammatical tradition, Pāṇini introduced a similar fundamental classification into a nominal (nāma, suP) and a verbal (ākhyāta, tiN) class, based on the set of suffixes taken by the word. Some words can be controversial such as slang in formal contexts, misnomers due to them not meaning what they would imply or polysemous words due to the potential confusion of its multiple senses. See also Longest words Utterance Wording Notes References Brown, Keith R. (Ed.) (2005) Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics (2nd ed.). Elsevier. 14 vols. External links Category:Lexical units Category:Syntactic entities Category:Units of linguistic morphology Category:Pragmatics Category:Semantic units	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Serein (meteorology) Serein (; ) refers to rain falling from a cloudless sky. This sort of rain is said to take on the form of a fine, light drizzle, typically after dusk. The name derives from French serein, meaning "serene", or "clear" (as in unclouded). An alternative etymology is from Old French serain, evening. An explanation could be the evaporation of the cloud droplets when precipitation drops are formed. Anyway, for others the phenomenon is simply non existing and should be considered equivalent to rain falling from a distant cloud, when there is a strong vertical wind shear between the cloud itself and ground, while the sky is apparently clear. See also Sunshower References Category:Precipitation	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Ravensara Ravensara is a genus of trees and shrubs of the family Lauraceae and endemic to the island of Madagascar (Central and Eastern regions) and the Comoro Islands. The bark, leaves and fruit of the various species are rich in aromatic essential oils. In a recent generic classification of Lauraceae based on DNA sequence data by Chanderbali et al. in 2001, it was found to be part of a strongly supported clade that also includes Beilschmiedia, Potameia, Cryptocarya, Endiandra and Aspidostemon. Overview The best-known species is Ravensara aromatica, the essential oil extracted from the leaves of which is used in medicine. In Madagascar the common name in the Malagasy language applied to trees of this genus is Hazomanitra - 'tree that smells', while that of the bark of Ravensara anisata is Havozo. Ravensara is a genus of evergreens in the plant family Lauraceae that currently includes around 30 species, mostly in laurel forest habitat. The genus Ravensara, endemic to Madagascar, was described by Sonnerat in 1782 with the single species Ravensara aromatica. Kostermans maintained Ravensara in his treatment of the Lauraceae for the "Flore de Madagascar et des Comores" and in a later publication from 1958 in which he described a further nine new species. Ravensara has always been considered closely related to Cryptocarya. While the Madagascan species placed in Ravensara and Cryptocarya are still poorly known, the subsuming of Ravensara in Cryptocarya is not justified by the results of the DNA studies undertaken thus far. Furthermore, the fruits of Ravensara spp. are of ruminate form, while those of the Madagascan species of Cryptocarya are not. Characteristics The genus includes species of evergreen trees, endemic to Madagascar and Comoro Islands. Ravensara species are broad-leaved evergreens, the genus including not only shrubs, but also large trees reaching heights in excess of 30 m at maturity. They are found commonly both as canopy trees to 30m (sometimes very large to 60 m) and sub-canopy trees in the succession climax species in tropical, lower temperate or subtropical broad-leaved forest. Habitats include evergreen broadleaved forest, mixed coniferous-broadleaved forest, low-elevation evergreen forest and littoral rainforest and feature soils of all types. The trunks of the arborescent species can reach over a meter in diameter. The twigs are angular, and glabrous, although the terminal buds are densely and minutely puberulous. The dark green, shiny leaves are alternate, obovate to obovate-elliptic, 6-11 × 3–6 cm, glabrous, stiffly coriaceous, the base acute, rarely obtuse, margin flat, the apex rounded, the lower surface minutely but densely dotted with oil glands. Lateral veins 4-6 on each side, reticulation raised on both surfaces, petioles glabrous, 9–14 mm long. Inflorescences 3.5–9 cm long, paniculate, branched from the base, glabrous; bracts along inflorescences mostly deciduous, 1.5 mm long, linear, pubescent. Flowers yellow-green, externally glabrous, tepals initially half-erect, in old flowers spreading, flowers 4–5 mm in diameter; pedicels short, from half the length of the floral tube to equaling it; having six tepals equal, narrowly ovate, 1.5–2 mm long, glabrous outside, puberulous inside; stamens 9, all 2-celled, pubescent, c. 1 mm long, the filament very short, 0.1-0.2 mm, the anther cells large, the connectives slightly prolonged beyond the anther cells; stamens with the same length and width as the tepals and hidden behind them; 2 small globose glands present at the base of the inner three stamens; staminodia small, narrowly ovate, pubescent; pistil glabrous, the style to 1 mm exserted, receptacle tubular, pubescent near the rim, otherwise glabrous. Fruits are fleshy. The fruit, a berry, are an important food source for birds, especially local species of pigeon, and thrush, which spread the seeds. Frugivorous birds eat the whole fruit and regurgitate seeds intact, distributing the seeds in the best conditions for germination (ornithocory). Only two species of Ravensara have the combination of glabrous twigs and leaves and raised reticulation on both surfaces of the leaves. Of these two, Ravensara macrophylla, only known from the fruiting type, differs in leaf shape (elliptic) and size (16–20 cm long). Like R. glabriflora, it has glabrous flowers, a feature unknown in other members of the genus on Madagascar, although flowering has yet to be observed in 13 of the species. Ecology The species native to Madagascar and the Comoro Islands, have differences resulting from ecological adaptations to habitats of varying degrees of humidity. Species from drier habitats tend to be smaller, or less robust, with sparser foliage and possessing a greater number of oil glands, with the result that they are more aromatic than species found in wetter habitats. The genus Ravensara has led to endemic species on islands, but not so widespread geographically as in the past. Species of Ravensara are becoming endangered, due to low population densities and the felling or unscrupulous exploitation of rainforest habitats. The 'Ravensara oil' of commerce is sourced not only from the named genus, also from the similarly aromatic genus Cryptocarya. Some Ravensara species have a long history of use as sources of essential oils by the pharmaceuticals industry. The ecological requirements of the genus, are mostly those of the laurel forest and, like most of their Lauraceous relatives in other parts of the globe, species of Ravensara are vigorous, woody plants with the ability quickly to colonise suitable habitats. Like the members of the related Lauraceous genus Machilus, species of Ravensara responded, in the course of their evolution, to favourable climatic periods and spread to colonise the available habitat. The main concentrations of Ravensara species are found at low altitudes in wet habitats in tropical or subtropical montane forests or coastal rainforest or coastal temperate forest. The Ravensara species, being indigenous to tropical islands, cannot withstand the more severe winters associated with northern Eurasian or North American climates, requiring protection from frost when individuals are cultivated as garden plants outside their natural distribution. Species This genus contains the following species, but this list is incomplete: Ravensara anisata (Airy Shaw) F.N. Wei & S.C. Tang Ravensara aromatica Lecomte Ravensara glabriflora References Category:Laurales genera Category:Lauraceae	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Stevon Moore Stevon Nathaniel Moore (born February 9, 1967 in Wiggins, Mississippi) is an American former football player who was selected by the New York Jets in the 7th round (181st overall) of the 1989 NFL Draft. A 5'11", 204-lb. safety from the University of Mississippi, Moore played in nine NFL seasons from 1990-1999. References Category:1967 births Category:Living people Category:Sportspeople from Gulfport, Mississippi Category:American football safeties Category:Ole Miss Rebels football players Category:Miami Dolphins players Category:Cleveland Browns players Category:Baltimore Ravens players Category:People from Wiggins, Mississippi Category:Players of American football from Mississippi	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Guinguinéo Department Guinguinéo Department is one of the 45 departments of Senegal, and one of three which form the Kaolack Region. It was created by decree in 2008. The department has three communes; Guinguinéo, Fass and Mboss Districts The rural districts (communautés rurales) comprise: Mbadakhoune Arrondissement: Khelcom Birane Mbadakhoune Ndiago Ngathie Naoudé Nguélou Arrondissement: Gagnick Nguélou Ourour Dara Mboss Panal Wolof Category:Departments of Senegal Category:Kaolack Region	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
3-Hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA deacylase deficiency 3-Hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA deacylase deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive condition that is associated with severely delayed psychomotor development, neurodegeneration, increased lactic acid and brain lesions in the basal ganglia. Fewer than 10 patients have been described with this condition. Signs and symptoms These include Delayed motor development Hypotonia Progressive neurodegeneration Seizures Genetics This condition is caused by mutations in the HIBCH gene. This gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 2 (2q32). Pathogenesis This enzyme is involved in the metabolism of the amino acid valine. Mutations in this enzyme result in the accumulation of methacrylic acid. When this acid is acetylated, it is very reactive with free sulfhydryl groups. When the levels of this enzymes are too low valine levels increase, particularly in the mitochondria. How this produces the clinical picture is not yet clear. Diagnosis This is difficult on clinical grounds alone. It may be suspected by examination of the urine for conjugates of methacrylic acid. The diagnosis is made by sequencing the mutated gene. Differential diagnosis Leigh syndrome Treatment There is currently no curative treatment for this condition. Supportive management is all that is currently available. History This condition was first described in 1982. References Category:Genetic diseases and disorders Category:Rare diseases	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Team Muhafiz Team Muhafiz () is a comic book series featuring an organized group of fictional teenage Pakistani crime fighting superheroes launched in August 2015. The team faces the real-life issues of trafficking, terrorism and in its third issue, child marriages. The goal of the team is to fight these real-life social issues that have haunted Karachi, including extremists ideologies and consists of members belonging to Islam as well as minority religions, such as Christianity. References External links Main site Facebook page Category:2015 comics debuts Category:Pakistani comics Category:Superhero teams	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Petya Petkova Petya Petkova (Bulgarian: Петя Петкова) is a Bulgarian football defender currently playing for NSA Sofia in the Bulgarian Championship. She played the Champions League with Apollon Limassol and NSA Sofia. She is currently a member of the Bulgarian national team. References Category:1991 births Category:Living people Category:Bulgarian women's footballers Category:Bulgaria women's international footballers Category:Bulgarian footballers Category:Expatriate women's footballers in Cyprus Category:Apollon Ladies F.C. players Category:Women's association football defenders	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
The Old Path (TOP) Channel The Old Path (TOP) Channel (branded as TOP Channel) is a religious broadcast station owned and operated by the Members Church of God International (MCGI), an international Christian organization with headquarters in the Philippines. The station carries the 24/7 English broadcast of Ang Dating Daan (English: The Old Path), the longest-running religious program in the Philippines, hosted by international televangelist and MCGI's Overall Servant Bro. Eli Soriano for English-speaking countries in North America, Middle East, Europe and Asia. History The church began its foray into North America airwaves via a direct-to-home (DTH) satellite broadcast in 2004. GlobeCast World TV In October 7, 2004, MCGI signed an agreement with GlobeCast World TV, a direct-broadcast satellite (DBS) provider using the Galaxy 19 satellite, to air the TOP Channel in the United States and Canada. The TOP Channel aired MCGI's flagship program, "The Old Path", the English version of Ang Dating Daan hosted by Bro. Eli Soriano. Program line-up also includes the program's question and answer segment "Ask Soriano, the Bible will Answer" (Tagalog: Itanong Mo Kay Soriano, Biblia ang Sasagot). Dream Satellite TV In 2010, MCGI launched the 24/7 TOP Channel in the Asia-Pacific region via Dream Satellite TV. Owned by Philippine Multi-Media System, Inc., Dream Satellite was the first all-digital DTH television provider in the Philippines using the Mabuhay Agila 2 satellite in the Ku band. In March 24, 2010, Daniel Razon in his morning show Good Morning Kuya, led the TOP Channel's live switch-on ceremony held at the Dream Broadcast Center located at the Clark Special Economic Zone in Pampanga. The TOP Channel showcased 10 new programs and was assigned at Dream channel 10 along with sister station UNTV Channel 37 at Dream channel 9 and exclusively available to Dream Satellite subscribers. It also carries the Mandarin version of The Old Path in the whole of the Philippines and nearby countries. The church aims to reach coastal areas where analog terrestrial free-to-air broadcast signals are weak and where cable television is not available. In 2010, Dream Satellite started closing its transponders in Agila 2 satellite, reaching its end-of-life within 2 years, and transferred all its channels including the TOP Channel to Koreasat 5 satellite in 2011. In 2013, Dream Satellite removed both the TOP Channel and UNTV from its channel line-up. In the same year also, Cignal Digital TV, a direct-to-home satellite television provider owned by MediaQuest Holdings Inc. under the PLDT Group and a direct competitor of Dream, added UNTV in its lineup at channel 92. The TOP Channel however, was not included. Thaicom 5 satellite In November 1, 2011, The TOP Channel began airing in larger parts of India, Australia, Africa, Middle East and Europe through direct-to-home satellite broadcast via Thaicom 5 satellite. Galaxy 19 and Hotbird satellite When Globecast discontinued its pay television service in 2013, TOP Channel continues to air in the Galaxy 19 satellite. The church also tapped Intelsat to air the TOP Channel in the Ku band through the Hotbird satellite. Measat 3A Global satellite In November 2011, the TOP Channel started airing on Measat 3A, a communications satellite operated by Malaysian firm MEASAT Satellite Systems Sdn. Bhd with a global footprint which covers Asia, Australia, Middle East, Europe and Africa. It uses the DVB-S standard and MPEG-2 video format, primarily to broadcast MCGI gatherings such as worship services and live thanksgiving celebrations. However, this channel is using "Viewcypt" encryption system, wherein access is limited to 1,360 MCGI local congregations (also known as satellite monitoring centers) worldwide, equipped with a proprietary Integrated Receiver-Decoder (IRD) box and a C band satellite dish to receive live broadcast feed from its headquarters in Apalit, Pampanga. The Truth Channel Early 2016, the free-to-air TOP Channel for English-speaking countries was rebranded as "The Truth Channel" to align its name with the other stations of MCGI, "TV Verdade" (English: Truth TV) for Portuguese-speaking countries and "TV La Verdad" (English: Truth TV) for Spanish-speaking countries. References External links Category:Philippine television networks Category:Members Church of God International Category:Religious television networks	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
KNEP KNEP, virtual channel 4 (VHF digital channel 7), is an NBC-affiliated television station serving Scottsbluff, Nebraska, United States that is licensed to Sidney. Owned by Gray Television, it is a sister station to Scottsbluff-licensed CBS affiliate KSTF (channel 10). KNEP's studios are located on 1st Avenue in Scottsbluff, and its transmitter is located in Angora, Nebraska. Although identifying as a separate station in its own right, KNEP is considered a semi-satellite of KNOP-TV (channel 2) in North Platte. The station also simulcasts programming from KOTA-TV in Rapid City, South Dakota on its main channel. History The station signed on for the first time on March 5, 1958 as KDUH-TV, broadcasting from Hay Springs, Nebraska. The station was owned by Helen Duhamel, whose last name formed the basis of the callsign. In 1981, operations were moved from Hay Springs to Scottsbluff. In 1988, KDUH consolidated its operations at Rapid City-based KOTA-TV. On September 24, 2002, the station's mast in Hemingford, which was built in the 1960s, collapsed during an installation of a digital transmitter. Two workers were killed and other three were injured. A new tower was located in Angora was built in 2003 as a replacement the collapsed transmitter. The full signal was restored on September 19, 2003. During the construction of the tower, KDUH reached viewers on cable systems in the area and Duhamel-owned translators K02NT in Scottsbluff, and K02NY in Chadron. Bill Duhamel announced on October 31, 2013 that KOTA-TV and its satellites (including KDUH-TV) would be sold to Schurz Communications' subsidiary Rushmore Media Company, pending FCC approval. The FCC granted the sale on March 31, 2014; and it was completed on April 28, 2014. On September 14, 2015, Schurz announced that it would exit broadcasting and sell its television and radio stations, including KDUH-TV, to Gray Television for $442.5 million. In its original filing with the FCC, Gray said that KDUH would be converted to a satellite of KNOP-TV, a Gray-owned NBC affiliate in North Platte. In a subsequent filing with the FCC, Gray requested change the KDUH-TV call letters to KNEP following its conversion to a KNOP-TV satellite. It also sought to change KDUH/KNEP's city of license to Sidney. By changing its city of license, KNEP was now officially reckoned as part of the Denver market rather than the Cheyenne–Scottsbluff market, eliminating an ownership conflict with KSTF in Scottsbluff, a semi-satellite of KGWN-TV in Cheyenne, Wyoming. The FCC does not allow one company to own two of the four highest-rated stations in the market. Additionally, the Cheyenne–Scottsbluff market had only five full-power stations (KGWN and KSTF are counted as one station for ratings and regulatory purposes), which was three stations too few to legally permit a duopoly in any case. The sale was approved by the FCC on February 12, 2016, and was completed on February 16. The FCC approved the change of station's city of license on May 16, making KDUH/KNEP a Denver DMA station. For all intents and purposes, however, it remained a Scottsbluff station. On May 5, 2016, the station officially became the NBC affiliate for the Nebraska Panhandle. Despite officially becoming a semi-satellite of KNOP-TV, the station is still airing KOTA programming on channel 4.1; initially, "NBC Nebraska Scottsbluff" was aired on channel 4.2. , NBC programming is seen on channel 2.1, with KOTA programming remaining on 4.1. Digital television Digital channels The station's digital signal is multiplexed: Analog-to-digital conversion KNEP (as KDUH-TV) shut down its analog signal, over VHF channel 4, on February 17, 2009, the original target date in which full-power television stations in the United States were to transition from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate (which was later pushed back to June 12). The station's digital signal remained on its pre-transition VHF channel 7. Through the use of PSIP, digital television receivers display the station's virtual channel as its former VHF analog channel 4. Newscasts KNEP presently broadcasts 8½ hours of locally produced newscasts each week (with 1½ hours each weekday and a half-hour each on Saturdays and Sundays). As KDUH, the station produced full-length newscasts focused on the Nebraska Panhandle for years. However, due to cutbacks in later years, KDUH's newscasts were reduced to inserts in KOTA's weeknight newscasts with a few personalities locally based in Scottsbluff. On May 5, 2016, KNEP's full-length localized newscasts in Scottsbluff were reinstated, upon the launch of NBC Nebraska Scottsbluff. The station is still simulcasting KOTA's newscasts on its 4.1 subchannel. References External links KOTA Territory Category:Television channels and stations established in 1958 Category:1958 establishments in Nebraska Category:ABC network affiliates Category:NBC network affiliates Category:Gray Television Category:Television stations in Nebraska	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Mercedes-Benz 200 Mercedes-Benz has sold a number of automobiles with the "200" model name: Mercedes-Benz 200 may refer to: 1965–1968 W110 1965–1967 200D 1965–1968 200 1968–1976 W115 200D/8 1976–1985 W123 1984–1992 W124, 1984–1995/96 version of the E-Class 200	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Sands Point, New Jersey Sands Point is an unincorporated community located within Oceanport in Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States. The community is located on a peninsula surrounded by Blackberry Bay on the west and Branchport Creek on the east (both estuaries of the Shrewsbury River). Except for a park and some yachting clubs, the community consists of single-family houses arranged on a street grid in the northeast corner of the borough. References Category:Oceanport, New Jersey Category:Unincorporated communities in Monmouth County, New Jersey	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Keokuk Indians After baseball began in Keokuk, Iowa in 1875, the Keokuk Indians was the primary nickname of Keokuk minor league baseball teams. After the Indians (1904–1915, 1929–1933, 1935), Keokuk was home of the Keokuk Pirates (1947–1949), Keokuk Kernels (1952–1957), Keokuk Cardinals (1958–1961) and the Keokuk Dodgers (1962). Notable Keokuk alumni include Bud Fowler, Roger Maris and Tim McCarver. Keokuk baseball history Baseball in Keokuk started in 1875 when the Keokuk Westerns played in the National Association, a league that directly evolved into today's major League Baseball. On May 4, 1875, the Keokuk Westerns hosted the Chicago White Stockings (present-day Chicago Cubs) and the teams played the first professional baseball game in Iowa. In 1885, Bud Fowler played for the Keokuk Westerns. Fowler became the first known African-American to play professional baseball, becoming a pioneer for baseball players. Early Keokuk Indians teams played in the Iowa State League (1904–1907), Central Association (1908–1915), Mississippi Valley League (1929–1933) and the Western League (1935). They were affiliated with the St. Louis Cardinals in 1935. In 1947, the Pittsburgh Pirates established an affiliate in Keokuk that played in the Central Association through 1949. In 1952, Keokuk joined the Illinois–Indiana–Iowa League and used the "Kernels" nickname, which was related to The Hubinger Company, who made corn starch. The Kernels became a Cleveland Indians affiliate in 1954. In 1958 they became the Cardinals, after becoming a St. Louis Cardinals affiliate and joining the Midwest League. Keokuk became a Los Angeles Dodgers affiliate in 1962, but the team was moved by the Midwest League to Dubuque, Iowa on August 2 and renamed the Midwest Dodgers for the duration of its final season. Notable Keokuk franchise alumni included: Roger Maris, who hit 61 Home runs in 1961 and was 2-time AL Most Valuable Player; Bud Fowler, the earliest known African-American player in organized professional baseball; All-Star player and announcer Tim McCarver; World Series hero Jesse Barnes; Chautauqua Sports Hall of Fame inductee Ray Caldwell; All-Star Mudcat Grant; Five time MLB All-Star Gus Bell and future MLB Manager Russ Nixon. Announcer Brent Musburger was first an umpire and worked behind the plate for McCarver's first professional game. The ballparks The Keokuk teams played at Joyce Park from 1929–1962. The park dimensions were (LF-CF-RF): 320-381-265 (1961) 306-385-345 (1962) It had a capacity of 3500 (1962). On September 9, 1931 the Indians played an exhibition game at Joyce Park against the St. Louis Cardinals squad, nicknamed the Gashouse Gang. Previously, early Keokuk Indians teams played at Hubinger Park, beginning in 1904 . It was located at North 15th Street & Grand Avenue. The 1875 Keokuk Westerns of the National Association had played at Perry Park. The 1885 Omaha/Keokuk team of the Western League played at Sportsman's Park located at 15th Street & Palean Street. Due to no Sunday baseball by law, the 1885 team would take a ferry across to Illinois to play at High Banks Park. 1955 Championship team Keokuk won league tiles in 1931 and 1955. The 1955 championship team was ranked thirtieth in the All-Time Top 100 Minor League Teams by Minor League Baseball and historians Bill Weiss and Marshall Wright. A year after having Roger Maris on the roster, the Kernels finished the 1955 season with a record of 92–34 in the Three-I League. Their Manager was former Indiana University Manager Pinky May and the team had several players who made Major League teams, notably Mudcat Grant and Russ Nixon. Finishing 22 games ahead of runner up Waterloo, team's .730 winning percentage was the highest in the last 50 years. Despite their great record the Kernels drew on only 39,179 fans for the season, signaling difficulty in sustaining a franchise. Home plate microphone In 1958, the team placed a hidden live microphone under home plate in order to broadcast the players' talking over the PA system. It could reportedly pick up conversations within thirty feet. The first usage was on May 16, 1958. However, foul language led to discontinuing the practice after the season. Magazines Grit (June 1, 1958) and Popular Science (August 1958) had stories on the Microphone usage. Notable Keokuk alumni Gary Kolb (1960) Tim McCarver (1959) 2 x MLB All-Star Jack Hamilton (1958) Dick Hughes (1958) Fred Whitfield (1958) Gordy Coleman (1955) Mudcat Grant (1955) MLB All-Star Bobby Locke (1955) Russ Nixon (1955) Roger Maris (1954) 4 x MLB All-Star; 61 HR (1961); 2 x AL RBI Leader (1960–61); 2 x AL Most Valuable Player (1960-1961) Dan Osinski (1954) Gus Bell (1947–48) 4 x MLB All-Star Bill McGee (1933) Roger Wolff (1931) Joe Becker (1930, 1933) Red Corriden (1908) Rip Williams (1907) Bud Fowler (1885) Earliest known African-American player in professional baseball References External links History of Keokuk baseball: http://www.keokuk.net/baseball/ Category:Baseball teams established in 1904 Category:Defunct minor league baseball teams Category:Defunct baseball teams in Iowa Category:Los Angeles Dodgers minor league affiliates Category:St. Louis Cardinals minor league affiliates Category:Cleveland Indians minor league affiliates Category:Pittsburgh Pirates minor league affiliates Category:Defunct Midwest League teams Category:1904 establishments in Iowa Category:1935 disestablishments in Iowa Category:1947 establishments in Iowa Category:1962 disestablishments in Iowa Category:1915 disestablishments in Iowa Category:1929 establishments in Iowa Category:Central Association	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Oškinis BRO-11 The Oškinis BRO-11 was a primary glider designed in the USSR. It was produced in large numbers from the 1950s. Design and development The Oškinis BRO-11 was a simple, single-seat primary glider in the open girder style exemplified by the pre-war SG 38 Schulgleiter. It was more refined, with slotted ailerons and somewhat better-protected seating. Its high wing, mounted on top of the fuselage girder, was rectangular in plan and built around a single, wooden spar with plywood skin ahead of it, forming a torsion-resistant D-box, and fabric covering behind. The wing was braced to the bottom fuselage beam with a single strut on each side, assisted by drag wires from the nose. Narrow and very high aspect ratio ailerons were hung behind and below the whole trailing edge, leaving a slot between wing and aileron. The wing of the original production model, named Pionier, Lithuanian for Pioneer (or Pionerius, the plural) had a span of and an area of . The later Zylė (), alternatively known as the LAK-2, had a slightly larger wing with a span of and an area of , improving the glide ratio a little. The forward part of the fuselage was a wooden beam which extended aft to end under the wing trailing edge. At the nose there was a simple, semi-circular enclosure formed from two single-curvature surfaces. This gave the pilot, seated just under the leading edge, some protection from the wind, though not for his upper body or sides. The same beam was attached to the wing with an N-form cross-member and also carried the forward end of the horizontal upper fuselage member. The rear lower member ran upwards to meet the upper one at the tail. In addition, they were interconnected at mid-fuselage by a pair of vertical and diagonal struts. Immediately ahead of the tail the fuselage was fabric covered, though not elsewhere. Both variants had triangular tailplanes mounted on the upper frame with elevators which were rectangular in plan apart from a cut-out for rudder movement. Their little, triangular fins carried rather angular, quadrilateral rudders. The fuselages of the Pionier and Zylė differed only in their landing gear. The Pionier landed on the underside of the forward beam but the Zylė had a monowheel semi-recessed into its beam below the forward wing and a short nose skid. Operational history The BRO-11 Pionier was very widely used across the DOSAAF; some 2000 were built between about 1955 and 1960. The date of the first flight of the Zile is not known exactly but was about 1968. Production began in mid-1969 and ended in 1979. Production numbers for this variant are not known. Variants BRO-11 Pionier(ius) Original design, first flown in 1954 and some 2000 built in the later 1950s. BRO-11M (LAK-2) Zylė Larger wing and a landing wheel. Production by Lietuviškos Aviacinės Konstrukcijos (Lithuanian Aero-Construction, LAK) from 1969-79. Operators DOSAAF Aircraft on display BRO-11M Zylė: Lithuanian Aviation Museum, Kaunas, Lithuania Specifications (BRO-11M Zylė) References Category:1950s Soviet sailplanes Category:LAK aircraft	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Laurens Tan Laurens Tan (born 1950) is a multidisciplinary Australian artist. His work includes sculpture, 3D animation, video, and graphics, and is influenced by architectural and industrial design. He lives and works in Sydney, Beijing, and Las Vegas.. His work is informed by Chinese heritage, language and meaning. Since his early Beijing series of work, he utilizes the form of the sanlunche (Chinese tricycle) to convey the complexity of change in China under economic and cultural transformation. He has shown artwork at the Boston Institute of Contemporary Art, Houston Museum of Art, National Galleries of New South Wales, and the Sydney Powerhouse Museum. He was co-curator for the show Always on My Mind: Home at the Seoul National University Museum of Art (2011). Recently, his work was acquired by the Marjorie Barrick Museum in Las Vegas (2018) and Deakin University in Melbourne (2018) Education and career Tan completed his Doctor of Creative Arts (DCA) thesis "The Architecture of Risk" at University of Technology Sydney, following his academic career as cultural studies educator at the School of Creative Arts at the University of Wollongong (1987-1991). He is currently an Adjunct Professor at Tianjin Academy of Fine Arts (2006-) and La Trobe University (2011-) and has taught at other undergraduate and graduate arts programs in the United States, Australia, and China. Tan served as a Board member in the Asian Australian Art Association in Sydney from 1997 to 2007 and as Artist Advisory Group Member at the Museum of Contemporary Art in Sydney from 2004 to 2006. Work Tan's earlier works from 1990-1999 include Re-sited References (Retrospective) at the Queensland University Art Museum (1990), Adapt Enforce V at the Perth Institute of Contemporary Arts (1992), Games & Voices at Macquarie Galleries (1992), Gallery 14 Contemporary Artists Series at the Queensland Art Gallery (1993), Profile of a Counter at Banff Centre in Alberta, Canada (1998), IndyCar Slot at Gold Coast Arts Centre (1998), and Octomat at World Gaming Expo & Congress in Las Vegas. He was also part of the international touring exhibition “Elvis + Marilyn: 2 x Immortal” that was shown in the Contemporary Arts Museum Houston and eleven other American museums (1995). As a Las Vegas resident, his art is often inspired by the unique visual culture of the city. His work in the United States includes Babalogic in the Desert at the Sahara West Library in Las Vegas, shown from 2017-2018. In 2008, he was commissioned to create "Babalogic" for the survey exhibition 2D/3D Negotiating Visual Languages, curated by Wu Hung at the PKM Gallery in Beijing. He was included in two following exhibitions in Beijing curated by Dong Bingfeng: Asian Landmark at the Iberia Center of Contemporary Art (2010), and “Fat Art 2” at the Today Art Museum (2010). Other key Beijing exhibitions include ShiWaiTaoYuan, a public art commission at The Opposite House in Beijing (2012). This work continues his synthesis of heritage in contemporary as well as Tan’s signature tricycles, alluding to the rapid modernization in contemporary Chinese culture. Tan’s work has been curated at various contemporary museums and galleries Asia, such as the Kuandu University Art Museum, Taipei Taiwan (2011)., PKM Gallery in Beijing (2008), Shizuoka Prefectural Art Museum in Japan, and Seoul National University Museum of Art and Gana Galleries in Seoul Tan was commissioned by the City of Sydney to build three giant “See No Evil, Hear No Evil, Speak No Evil” monkeys at the Sydney Opera House in celebration of the Lunar New Year. This particular work was in installation from 2016 to 2018. His other recent commissions in Australia include his piece Speed/Sudu for the Murray Art Museum Albury (MAMA) in 2016. In 2014, he was commissioned by the University of Chicago to create Empire Bookends: Basketcase, a solo exhibition in the university's Beijing Center. In 2016, he was commissioned to create Depth of Ease CNY, a solo exhibit of three separate works, for Zappos Downtown in Las Vegas. In 2017, he was named Visiting Artist at the Neon Museum Las Vegas. References Category:1950 births Category:Living people Category:University of Technology Sydney alumni Category:20th-century Australian artists Category:Australian people of Chinese descent Category:21st-century Australian artists Category:University of Wollongong faculty	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Calycorectes australis Calycorectes australis is a species of plant in the family Myrtaceae. It is endemic to Brazil. It is threatened by habitat loss. References Category:Endemic flora of Brazil australis Category:Endangered plants Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Swell, Gloucestershire Swell is a civil parish in the English county of Gloucestershire.The population of the civil parish taken at the 2011 census was 389. Swell is located in the Cotswold district immediately west of the town of Stow-on-the-Wold. The main settlements are Upper Swell () and Lower Swell () both of which are on B-class roads radiating from the town. The Heart of England Way long distance footpath passes through both. Swell has the River Dikler running through it and is also home to a reservoir which is located in Upper Swell. St Mary is a small Norman church situated in Upper Swell. It dates from the 12th century. The village is the most populous area of 'Three Rivers' electoral ward. This ward starts in the east near to but not in Stow-on-the-Wold and extends to Temple Guiting in the north east. The total population of this ward taken at the 2011 census was 1900. References External links GENUKI page for Upper Swell GENUKI page for Lower Swell Lower Swell description from 1856 Category:Civil parishes in Gloucestershire Category:Cotswold District	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
A Book on Angling A Book on Angling – Being a complete treatise on the art of angling in every branch is a work of angling literature with significant fly fishing content written by Francis Francis, angling editor to The Field and published in London in 1867 by Longmans, Green and Company. Synopsis A Book on Angling is best described by the author himself in the preface to the first edition: When first infected with the fever of Angling, more years ago than I care to count up, my ambition was to catch every species of freshwater fish, from the minnow up to the salmon, which inhabits our British waters. That satisfied, my next desire was to write a work, which should contain within one volume (as far as might be possible) the fullest and most varied information upon Angling generally, in every branch of the art, which had ever been published; and with this resolve I commenced collecting the matter for the present work nearly twenty years ago. Taken up and laid aside from time to time, little by little it has steadily progressed towards completion. In the course of that twenty years I took occasion to visit and to fish nearly every river of note in the kingdom, my connection with 'The Field' affording me peculiar facilities for obtaining permission to fish very many waters which are closely locked against the general public; and I have roamed England, Scotland, Wales, and Ireland over to gather fresh knowledge, and to put it into a practical and concentrated form for the use of my readers. In inducting the tyro into the mysteries of the art, I have endeavored to make every direction and information as clear and practicable as possible. This work is intended to be a useful and not merely a decorative one: thus, the plates are not for the sake of ornamentation, but for direction, and as an aid to the student of tackle-making and fly-tying. Each illustration of tackle is really needed, and the flies shown are not a mere selection of gorgeous and pretty subjects, or I should have chosen very differently; but each fly is a specimen of some separate class of flies, in which a special peculiarity of manufacture is evident. I have to thank many kind friends for assistance in lending tackle and flies as subjects for the engravings, and also for description, as will be found in the body of the work. I have given much time to this book, but I have given it willingly, for it was indeed and in truth a labour of love. Whether the Angling public, to whom I dedicate it (desiring no more potent patron), will appreciate my labours remains to be seen; and so, without further apology if an attempt to supply a long-felt and obvious want, the existence of which few persons have been in a position to know and feel so well as myself, be thought to require an apology into their hands I commit it. FRANCIS FRANCIS. THE FIRS, TWICKENHAM : 1867 Reviews In 1881, Osmund Lambert in Angling Literature in England wrote: In 1920, when A Book on Angling was reprinted, Sir Herbert Maxwell, a noted Scottish angler penned this in the Editor's Introduction: James Robb in an entire chapter devoted to Francis Francis in Notable Angling Literature (1945) said of A Book on Angling: In 1974, noted American writer Arnold Gingrich in his The Fishing in Print commented on Francis, Francis as a writer and his influence on notable American angler Theodore Gordon: In 2002, 135 years after the 1st edition of A Book of Angling, Tony Hayter in his biography of Frederic M. Halford wrote: Contents From the 4th Edition (1876) Chapter I – Bottom-Fishing The Origin of Angling, Pond-Fishing, Punt-Fishing, The Norfolk Style, Bank-Fishing, The Gudgeon, The Pope, The Bleak, The Roach, The Rudd, The Dace, The Chub, The Barbel – 1 Chapter II – Bottom-Fishing Continued. Nottingham Angling, Casting From the Reel, Daceing, Tight Corking, The Slider, etc. – 61 Chapter III – Bottom-Fishing Continued The Bream, The Carp, The Tench, The Eel, The Perch, Paternostering, etc. – 73 Chapter IV – Mid-Water Fishing. The Pike, Spinning, Trolling With the Dead Gorge, Live Baiting, etc. – 100 Chapter V – Artificial Fly-Fishing. Varieties of Trout, Instructions as to Rods and Tackle, How To Use Them, Weather, How To Choose Flies, Dress, Night-fishing -138 Chapter VI – Artificial Flies Contrast of Systems, Copying Nature And Copying Nothing, List of Flies For Each Month -185 Chapter VII – On Lake-Fishing, Etc. Lake-Fishing, Daping, The Creeper, The Beetle, The Worm – 250 Chapter VIII – Spinning For Trout Spinning for Large Trout, Spinning for Trout In Small Streams, The Par-Tail, The Grayling – 278 Chapter IX – The Salmon The Rod, The Reel and Line, How To Use Them, Casting, Striking, Playing A Salmon, Sea-Trout Fishing – 303 Chapter X – Salmon Flies. List of Salmon Flies, General Flies, List of Flies for Scotch Rivers – 333 Chapter XI – Salmon Flies Continued. List of Flies for Irish Rivers – 392 Chapter XII – Salmon Flies Continued List of Flies for Wales and England, List of Sea-Trout Flies – 426 Other Editions From Antiquarian Book Exchange and Bibliotheca Piscatoria-A Catalogue Of Books On Angling, The Fisheries and Fish-Culture, With Bibliographical Notes and an Appendix Of Citations Touching On Angling and fishing from Old English authors, Westwood and Satchell (1883) Further reading See also Bibliography of fly fishing External links 1876 4th Edition on the Internet Archive 1920 Edition with Introduction by Sir Herbert Maxwell on the Internet Archive 1920 US Edition on the Internet Archive Notes Category:1867 books Category:Angling literature Category:Fly fishing Category:British books Category:Recreational fishing in the United Kingdom	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
List of Kuwait Airways destinations Kuwait Airways flies to 38 international destinations in 24 countries across Africa, Asia, Europe and North America from its hub at Kuwait International Airport as of June 2015. List References Category:Lists of airline destinations	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Parvularcula Parvularcula bermudensis is a marine bacterium which was identified in 2003 in the western Sargasso Sea in the Atlantic Ocean. It forms a deep branch in the Alpha Proteobacteria, distinct from the other orders. Parvularcula isolates are Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, chemoheterotrophic, slightly motile short rods with a single flagellum. Colonies on marine agar are very small (0·3–0·8 mm in diameter), yellowish-brown and very hard. They are oxidase positive and catalase negative. References External links Type strain of Parvularcula bermudensis at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase Category:Alphaproteobacteria Category:Bacteria genera	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Joe Salazar Joseph A. Salazar (born 1971/72) is a former Democratic member of the Colorado House of Representatives, serving from 2013 to early 2019. Salazar is also an attorney with Smith, Shelton, Ragona and Salazar LLC. He focuses on employment law, civil rights and constitutional law. He ran for Colorado Attorney General in the 2018 election but lost in the primary to fellow Democrat Phil Weiser. References External links Legislative website Category:Living people Category:Members of the Colorado House of Representatives Category:Colorado Democrats Category:Native American state legislators Category:People from Thornton, Colorado Category:21st-century American politicians Category:Year of birth missing (living people)	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Paul Collins (athlete) Paul Albert Collins (July 22, 1926 – January 31, 1995) was a long-distance runner from Canada, who was born in the London Borough of Lewisham. He represented his native country in the men's marathon at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, Finland. There he finished in 40th place. Collins won the national title in the classic distance three times: in 1949 (Toronto), 1950 (Verdun, Quebec) and 1952 (Saint Hyacinthe). He finished sixth in the 1950 British Empire Games marathon and tenth in the 1950 British Empire Games six miles event. Achievements References Canadian Olympic Committee sports-reference Category:1926 births Category:1995 deaths Category:People from the London Borough of Lewisham Category:Sportspeople from London Category:Canadian male long-distance runners Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1952 Summer Olympics Category:Olympic track and field athletes of Canada Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1950 British Empire Games Category:Commonwealth Games competitors for Canada Category:English emigrants to Canada	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Junior Daugherty Forest Alton "Junior" Daugherty, Jr (born July 19, 1930 in Alamogordo, Otero County, New Mexico) is a fiddler, guitar player and songwriter. He has been ranked among the top five fiddlers in the United States over a fifteen-year period. Daugherty won the New Mexico state fiddling championship eight years, the Southwest Regional Championship, and has been inducted into the New Mexico Fiddler's Hall of Fame and the Arizona Fiddler's Hall of Fame. Over the last sixty-five years Daugherty has performed around the world at Cowboy poetry events and at Carnegie Hall; with musicians as diverse as Sir Yehudi Menuhin at the First American Violin Congress and Hawaiian fiddler Eddie Kamae; and with distinguished music talents including Mark O’Connor, Aly Bain and Johnny Gimble. In addition, he continues to teach fiddle workshops at the Ashokan Fiddle & Dance Camp. Many of his compositions have been performed and recorded by other artists. In 1952 just prior to enlisting in the US Navy, Junior married Verla Mae Clay (who died from breast cancer in 1985). He and Verla produced three daughters, all musicians. In 1991 he married Judy Osborn in Illinois and eventually made his way back to New Mexico. Junior now lives in Colorado with his daughter, but still actively engages in music events around the country, participating in Festival of American Fiddle Tunes' Fiddles on the Fourth (https://centrum.org/2018/06/2018-fiddles-on-the-fourth-at-fort-worden/) and Ashokan Music Western Swing Week (https://ashokan.org/western-swing-week-camp/) in 2018. PERFORMANCE HIGHLIGHTS: Elko, Nevada - COWBOY POETRY—1999, 2001, 2003 Quad City, Iowa - FOLK FEST with JOHNNY GIMBLE—1993,1994,1995 Illinois University - COWBOY POETRY FOLK FESTIVAL—1994, 1995 Mountainaire, NM - COWBOY FOLK FEST—1997, 1998,1999 Safford, AZ - COWBOY POETRY—2002 Carson, Nevada - COWBOY POETRY—2002 Ashokan, NY - taught week-long ASHOKAN FIDDLE WORKSHOP with JAY UNGAR and MOLLY MASON—1982 to 2016 Honolulu, HI - fiddled and performed in EDDIE KAMAE'S acclaimed documentary film “LI‘A: LEGACY OF A HAWAIIAN MAN“—1988 Hawaiian Islands - toured the Hawaiian Islands with EDDIE KAMAE AND SONS OF HAWAII to present the film in 1990 Honolulu, HI - HAWAIIAN FILM FESTIVAL—1989 Palm Springs, CA - PALM SPRINGS FILM FESTIVAL—1989 Seattle, WA - SEATTLE FILM FESTIVAL—1989 Glasgow, Scotland - performed shows for Scottish Television with ALY BAIN and PHIL CUNNINGHAM—1988 Dublin Ireland - recorded on the album for PHIL CUNNINGHAM—1988 Scotland and England - six-week tour with THE BOYS OF THE LOCH—1988 University of Maryland - concert performance at the FIRST AMERICAN VIOLIN CONGRESS with SIR YEHUDI MENUHIN—1987 New York City - concert performances at the STATUE OF LIBERTY RE-OPENING—1986 New York City - NATIONAL FOLK FESTIVAL—1982,1984, 1986 Fairhill, MD - concert performances at BRANDYWINE FESTIVAL—1985 FOLK CONCERT SERIES - Folklife Center of International House of Philadelphia International Tours (U.S. STATE DEPARTMENT CULTURAL EXCHANGE PROGRAM) -- 1984, 1985 COWBOY TOUR - NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR TRADITIONAL ARTS - U.S. Mainland and Hawaii circuit—1984, 1985 Southeast Asia - FOUR WEEK TOUR—1982 North Africa and Middle East - SIX WEEK TOUR—1981 Knoxville, TN - four weeks of concert performances at the KNOXVILLE WORLD'S FAIR—1982 Billings, Montana - a special guest entertainer at MONTANA'S FESTIVAL OF STRINGS—1978 Cody, Wyoming - a special guest entertainer at WYOMING'S FESTIVAL OF STRINGS—1977 Washington, DC - concert performances at the BICENTENNIAL CELEBRATION—1977 Recordings “Honkytonkin”, “A Labor of Love - Junior Daugherty and his Circle of Friends”, “Lights of Pinon”, “Back Stage with Junior Daugherty”, “Fun Fiddlin”, “Just Waltzin”, “Just Fiddling’ - Vol 2”, “Just Fiddling’ - Vol I”. References External links ReverbNation Discogs CDBaby iTunes External links Too Pretty for Words Dixie Doughboys with Junior Daugherty and Sean Blackburn YouTube -- Junior Daugherty Category:Old-time fiddlers Category:Musicians from New Mexico Category:People from Alamogordo, New Mexico Category:American fiddlers Category:1930 births Category:Living people Category:United States Navy personnel Category:People from Douglas County, Colorado Category:21st-century violinists	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Bulbul (disambiguation) Bulbul is a family of songbirds. Bulbul may also refer to: Bulbul, Syria, a town Bulbul (singer) (1897-1961), Azerbaijani singer and Soviet opera tenor born Murtuza Mammadov Bulbul Chowdhury (1919-1954), Bengali dancer Bulbul Hussain (born 1972), British wheelchair rugby player Bulbul (2013 film), a Kannada film directed by M. D. Shridhar Bulbul (2019 film), a Nepalese film directed by Binod Paudel Cyclone Bulbul 2019 People with the surname Ahmed Imtiaz Bulbul, Bangladeshi lyricist, composer and music director Aminul Islam Bulbul (born 1968), Bangladeshi cricketer Zózimo Bulbul (1937–2013), Brazilian actor, film director and activist Distinguish from Bulbil (on a plant, a side shoot or side bud that drops off and takes root)	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
List of Doctor Who Laserdisc releases This is a list of Doctor Who serials that have been released on LaserDisc. LaserDisc Between 1983 and 1997 eight LaserDiscs containing one story of the Third Doctor, four stories from the Fourth Doctor, one story from the Fifth Doctor and one story from the Eighth Doctor have been released. These discs are only playable on LaserDisc players. Releases Third Doctor releases Fourth Doctor releases Fifth Doctor releases Eighth Doctor releases See also List of Doctor Who serials List of Doctor Who DVD and Blu-ray releases List of Doctor Who UMD releases Doctor Who missing episodes Doctor Who Restoration Team Doctor Who DVD Files'' References LaserDisc Doctor Who	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Juncus hemiendytus Juncus hemiendytus is a species of rush known by the common name Herman's dwarf rush. It is native to the western United States, where it grows in moist places, especially areas that are wet in spring, such as vernal pools. This is a very small annual herb forming dense clumps of hair-thin reddish stems no more than about 3 centimeters tall. The tiny, thready leaves surrounding the stems are up to about 2 centimeters long. Each stem usually bears one reddish flower, which is made up of segments 2 or 3 millimeters long curving around the developing fruit. External links Jepson Manual Treatment Photo gallery hemiendytus Category:Plants described in 1948 Category:Flora of the Western United States	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
The Dam Busters (video game) The Dam Busters is a combat flight simulator set in World War II, published by U.S. Gold in 1984. It is loosely based on the real life Operation Chastise and the 1955 film. The game was released in 1984 for the ColecoVision and Commodore 64; in 1985 for Apple II, MS-DOS, MSX and ZX Spectrum; then in 1986 for the Amstrad CPC and NEC PC-9801. Gameplay You choose from three different night missions, each of which is increasingly difficult. In all three, your goal is to successfully bomb a dam. On the practice run, you can approach and bomb the dam without any other obstacles. The two other missions feature various enemies to overcome, and you start from either the French coast or a British airfield. During your flight, you control every aspect of the bomber from each of the seven crew positions: Pilot, Front Gunner, Tail Gunner, Bomb Aimer, Navigator, Engineer, and Squadron Leader. Leaving any of these positions unattended during an event could spell the death of the person in that position, rendering it useless during further encounters. You must evade enemies, plan your approach, and set all of the variables (speed, height, timing, etc.) to execute a successful bombing. Sometimes, it becomes necessary to deal with emergencies, such as engine fires. While en route to the target you can expect to encounter attacks by enemy aircraft, barrage balloons, flak and enemy searchlights. Events like this will flash along the border of the screen, while indicating the key to press to take you to the station in need of assistance. For example, when flying through enemy search lights, you'll need to man the gunner's station and shoot out the lights on the ground. If left unattended, you can expect flak and enemy aircraft to start damaging your bomber. Once you begin the final run to your target, you are presented with the custom bombing sights, as made famous by the story. When you toggle the bomb, you are shown an animation of the bomb bouncing along the lake and hitting (or not hitting) the target dam. Reception Info rated The Dam Busters on the Commodore 64 three-plus stars out of five, stating that it "lacks the depth and variability of a game like Silent Service, but has better than average graphics and play features". Computer Gaming World gave The Dam Busters two out of five points in an overview of World War II simulations, stating "this product's graphics and 'feel' make it too much of a game and not enough of a simulation". References External links Category:1984 video games Category:Accolade games Category:Amstrad CPC games Category:Apple II games Category:ColecoVision games Category:Commodore 64 games Category:DOS games Category:MSX games Category:NEC PC-9801 games Category:Video games developed in Canada Category:World War II flight simulation video games Category:ZX Spectrum games	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Shaun Dooley Shaun Dooley (born 30 March 1974) is an English actor and voice-over artist. Early life Dooley was born in Barnsley, United Kingdom. He studied at the Arden School of Theatre in Manchester between 1992 and 1995. Career Dooley's first acting role was as Shaun in Groove on a Stanley Knife in 1997. He later played Ritchie Fitzgerald in Coronation Street from 1997 until 1998. He appeared occasionally in EastEnders as Tom Stuart between 2001 and 2004 until he was replaced during his filming of The Street. He had a role in P.O.W.. Dooley played Peter Harper in BBC drama series The Street. He also featured in the 2007 television docudrama Diana: Last Days of a Princess. Dooley portrayed Kieran in the British horror film Salvage. He portrayed police inspector Dick Alderman in all three parts of the Red Riding trilogy and in 2017 appeared as Reverend Michaelmas Winter in the Sky 1 drama Jamestown. In 2019 Shaun and his wife Polly produced an album, Got It Covered, for Children In Need. The album featured Helena Bonham Carter, Jim Broadbent, Olivia Colman, Luke Evans, Suranne Jones, Adrian Lester, Himesh Patel, David Tennant, Jodie Whittaker and Shaun himself singing unique cover versions of songs personal to them. The album was released on 1 November 2019. The album and accompanying documentary was co-produced by their company 20four7films, BBC Studios and SilvaScreen Records. Personal life Shaun has been with his wife Polly Dooley since 1998 and together they have four children. Shaun is the older brother of Kimberly Dooley, and Stephanie Ann Dooley, who has been professionally as Stephanie Dooley-Day and is an actress. Roles References External links Category:1974 births Category:English male soap opera actors Category:Living people Category:Actors from Barnsley Category:Male actors from Yorkshire	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Burkhard Gantenbein Burkhard Gantenbein (July 14, 1912 – August 27, 2007) was a Swiss field handball player who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics. He was part of the Swiss field handball team, which won the bronze medal. He played two matches. External links profile Category:1912 births Category:2007 deaths Category:Field handball players at the 1936 Summer Olympics Category:Olympic bronze medalists for Switzerland Category:Olympic handball players of Switzerland Category:Swiss male handball players Category:Olympic medalists in handball Category:Medalists at the 1936 Summer Olympics	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Benjamin Fordham Benjamin O. Fordham is a political scientist at Binghamton University. Education Benjamin Fordham graduated from Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service in Georgetown University in 1988 with a B.S. in foreign service. He received Masters in Government in University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1990 and subsequently Ph.D. in 1994. Career Fordham was a postdoctoral fellow in Center of International Studies, a research center in Princeton University in 1995. He joined SUNY Albany in 1996 as an assistant professor in political science. He served as visiting associate professor in Harvard University in 2002. He left Albany in 2004 and now teaches in Binghamton University. He was a Henry Alfred Kissinger Scholar in Foreign Policy and International Relations in the John W. Kluge Center, Library of Congress in 2010. Works External links Curriculum Vitae Personal Website Category:American political scientists Category:School of Foreign Service alumni Category:University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill alumni Category:Binghamton University faculty Category:State University of New York faculty Category:Year of birth missing (living people) Category:Living people	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Kosmos 955 Kosmos 955 (International Designator: 1977-091A, satcat number 10362) was a Soviet ELINT satellite, launched from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome on September 20, 1977 at 01:01 UTC. The satellite's mass was 2,500 kg. Kosmos 955 had a periapsis of 631 km, apoapsis of 664 km, period inclination of 81,2° and an orbital eccentricity of 0.002346999943256378. It was launched by a Vostok-2M carrier rocket. It decayed from orbit 8 September 2000. Overview The launch of Kosmos 955 has been suggested as the cause of the Petrozavodsk phenomenon. According to the official report (pictured), the satellite contained scientific equipment for the "further exploration of outer space" as well as tools for making exact measurements of its orbital parameters. Also, the satellite was capable of self-observation of its own systems and devices. However, no public data or experiments have ever been returned and it is presumed that it was a test of the military surveillance system, Tselina-D. References Category:Kosmos satellites Category:1977 in the Soviet Union Category:Spacecraft launched in 1977 Category:Reconnaissance satellites of the Soviet Union	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Bagdashkino Bagdashkino () is a rural locality (a village) in Kugarchinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 165 as of 2010. There is 1 street. References Category:Rural localities in Bashkortostan	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Ennio Fantastichini Ennio Fantastichini (20 February 1955 – 1 December 2018) was an Italian actor. Life and career Born in Gallese, province of Viterbo, Fantastichini studied acting at the Accademia Nazionale di Arte Drammatica Silvio D'Amico. His breakout role was Tommaso Scalia in Gianni Amelio's Open Doors, a role that gave him a Nastro d'Argento, a Ciak d'oro and a special European Film Award as European Discovery of the Year. In 2010, for his performance in Ferzan Özpetek's Loose Cannons, he won a David di Donatello for best supporting actor and a second Nastro d'Argento in the same category. Fantastichini died of leukemia in Naples on 1 December 2018, at the age of 63. Partial filmography 1983: Fuori dal giorno 1984: Il ragazzo di Ebalus - Terrorist 1985: Big Deal After 20 Years - Domenico 1988: The Camels - Pino 1989: Via Panisperna Boys - Enrico Fermi 1990: Open Doors - Tommaso Scalia 1990: A Violent Life - Cosimo De Medici 1990: The Station - Danilo 1991: The Professional Secrets of Dr. Apfelgluck - Alain 1991: A Simple Story - Police Chief 1991: 18 anni tra una settimana - Nicola 1991: Mezzaestate 1992: Caldo soffocante - Giuliano Ferrini 1992: Gangsters - Giulio 1993: La bionda - Alberto 1994: The True Life of Antonio H. 1995: Vendetta - Don Tommaso 1996: August Vacation - Ruggero Mazzalupi 1997: Arlette - Angelo Mascarpone 1997: Other Men - Loris Corbi 1997: Commercial Break - Giulio Stucchi 1998: Viol@ - Mittler (voice) 1998: Vite in sospeso - Dario 1998: Per tutto il tempo che ci resta - Judge Giorgio Nappi 1999: Il corpo dell'anima - Mauro 1999: Senza movente - Toni Aragona 2000: Against the Wind - Leo 2000: Joseph of Nazareth (TV Movie) - Herodes 2001: Come si fa un Martini - Paolo 2002: Sei come sei (2002) - Nico ("Appuntamento al buio") 2002: Rosa Funzeca - Capitone 2002: Napoléon (TV Mini-Series) - Joseph Bonaparte 2003: At the End of the Night - Bruno 2005: Karol: A Man Who Became Pope (TV Movie) - Maciej Nowak 2007: Saturn in Opposition - Sergio 2007: Night Bus - Carlo Matera 2007: Prova a volare - Pietro 2007: Peopling the Palaces at Venaria Reale - Marchese di Caraglio 2008: Two Fists, One Heart - Joe Argo 2009: Fort Apache Napoli - Sindaco Cassano 2009: The Red Shadows - Varga 2009: I, Don Giovanni - Antonio Salieri 2009: Purple Sea - Salvatore 2009: La cosa giusta - Duccio Monti 2009: Il mostro di Firenze (TV Mini-Series) - Renzo Rontini 2010: Loose Cannons - Vincenzo Cantone 2011: All at Sea - Il suicida 2011: L'arrivo di Wang - Curti 2012: Cherry on the Cake - M. Faysal 2012: Il pasticciere - Avvocato 2012: Breve storia di lunghi tradimenti - Gianfilippo Brandi 2013: Studio illegale - Giuseppe Sobreroni 2013: The Move of The Penguin - Ottavio 2014: Do You Remember Me? - Amedeo 2014: Do You See Me? - Dr. Ripamonti 2015: Me, Myself and Her - Sergio 2016: La stoffa dei sogni - De Caro 2016: Caffè - Enrico 2017: Una famiglia - Giorgio 2017: The Music of Silence - zio Giovanni 2018: Fabrizio De André - Principe libero - Giuseppe De André 2019: Lontano Lontano - Attilio (Posthumous release and final film role) References External links Category:1955 births Category:2018 deaths Category:People from the Province of Viterbo Category:Italian male stage actors Category:Nastro d'Argento winners Category:Italian male film actors Category:Italian male television actors Category:David di Donatello winners Category:Accademia Nazionale di Arte Drammatica Silvio D'Amico alumni Category:European Film Awards winners (people)	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
JBoss Tools JBoss Tools is a set of Eclipse plugins and features designed to help JBoss and JavaEE developers develop applications. It is an umbrella project for the JBoss developed plugins that will make it into JBoss Developer Studio. Modules JBoss Tools includes the following modules: Visual Page Editor (VPE). The visual editor contributed by Exadel supports visual editing of HTML and JSF (JSP and Facelets) pages. VPE also includes visual support for JSF component libraries including JBoss RichFaces. Seam Tools. Includes support for (for example) seam-gen, RichFaces VE integration, Seam related code completion and refactoring. Hibernate Tools. Supporting mapping files, annotations and JPA with reverse engineering, code completion, project wizards, refactoring, interactive HQL/JPA-QL/Criteria execution and more. In short a merger of Hibernate Tools and Exadel ORM features. JBoss AS Tools. Easy start, stop and debug of JBoss AS 4+ servers from within Eclipse. Also includes features for packaging and deployment of any type of Eclipse project. Drools IDE. Rules file editing, Rete View, working memory debugging/inspection and more. jBPM Tools. jBPM workflow editing, deployment, etc. JBossWS Tools. Inspecting, invoking, developing and functional/load/compliance testing of web services over HTTP, base tooling provided by soapUI with the addition of JBossWS specific features/support. JBoss ESB Tools. The structured xml editor for the jboss-esb.xml file used in JBoss ESB. Birt Tools. Hibernate and Seam extensions for Eclipse BIRT. Portal Tools. JBoss Tools supports the JSR-168 Portlet Specification (Portlet 1.0), JSR-286 Portlet Specification (Portlet 2.0) and works with PortletBridge for supporting Portlets in JSF/Seam applications. To enable these features, add the JBoss Portlet facet to a new or an existing web project. Core/General Tools. To reduce the UI clutter, most of the "configure project" menu items move into the Configure menu introduced in Eclipse 3.5 instead of always having a static JBoss Tools menu entry show up even in projects unrelated to JBoss Tools. Smooks Tools. The editor for Smooks configuration files. JBoss ESB Tools. The ESB project Wizard, which creates a project that can be deployed as an .esb archive to a JBoss AS-based server with JBoss ESB installed. JMX Tools. JMX Tools allows establishing multiple JMX connections and provides views for exploring the JMX tree and execute operations directly from Eclipse. The JMX Tools replaces the JMX node previously available in the JBoss Server View. JST/JSF Tools. RichFaces Support, Code Assists, Web XML/JSP/XHTML Editors, CSS Style Editing, web.xml validation, Faceleted taglib in *taglib.xml is supported with XSD schema location. Project Examples. The experimental feature called Project Example wizard aims to allow users to download example projects from a remote site and have them working out-of-the-box. AS/Project Archives Tools. To deploy projects compressed, configurable in the server editor. If enabled, all projects deployed to that server will be compressed instead of in an exploded folder. Maven Tools. The optional integration with m2eclipse to provide Maven support for projects created by JBoss Tools and to some extent core WTP projects. BPEL Tools. A BPEL Editor based on the Eclipse BPEL project has been added to JBoss Tools. This means that users can create, edit and deploy BPEL artifacts for the Riftsaw BPEL Runtime. CDI (JSR-299) Tools. Support of the Contexts and Dependency Injection annotations; it works on any Eclipse Java project (via the Configure menu with CDI enabled). See also List of JBoss software Comparison of integrated development environments External links JBoss Tools Stable and Development Releases Versions and downloads JBoss Tools Reference guides and tutorials The latest versions of documents JBoss Tools wiki on www.jboss.org JBoss Tools blog What's new in JBoss Tools JBoss Tools JBoss Tools project on jira.jboss.com Category:Computer programming tools Category:Red Hat software Category:Cross-platform software	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Farr Alpaca F.C. Farr Alpaca F.C. was an early twentieth-century American soccer team sponsored by the Farr Alpaca textile mill of Holyoke, Massachusetts. The team competed in amateur leagues in western Massachusetts, but experienced some success in national competitions. One of the first mentions of Farr Alpaca F.C. comes when it lost to Bridgeport F.C. in the 1913 American Cup. Regarding the 1914 American Cup, a May 9, 1914 Bethlehem Globe article stated, “Bethlehems was ordered to play the strong Farr Alpaca F. C. of Holyoke, Mass., three times champions of Mass.” Despite the plaudits, Bethlehem Steel easily dispatched Farr Alpaca in the second round of the cup. He also lost in the first round of the 1914 National Challenge Cup to Fore River In 1915, it lost in the third round of the 1915 American Cup, losing again to Bethlehem Steel. The team continued to compete until at least 1920 when it was paired with United Shoe in the first round of the 1921 National Challenge Cup. Honors Massachusetts State Cup Runner Up (1): 1915 References Category:Defunct soccer clubs in Massachusetts Category:Sports in Holyoke, Massachusetts	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Bebearia maximiana Bebearia maximiana, the maximal forester, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The habitat consists of forests. The larvae feed on an unidentified dicotyledonous tree. Subspecies Bebearia maximiana maximiana (Nigeria: Cross River loop, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo: Ubangi, Mongala, Uele, northern Kivu and Lualaba) Bebearia maximiana ata Hecq, 1990 (Gabon) References Category:Butterflies described in 1891 maximiana Category:Butterflies of Africa	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Kuzino, Bolshesosnovsky District, Perm Krai Kuzino () is a rural locality (a village) in Bolshesosnovsky District, Perm Krai, Russia. The population was 119 as of 2010. There are 4 streets. References Category:Rural localities in Perm Krai	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
A Turf Conspiracy (novel) A Turf Conspiracy is a 1916 sports crime novel by the British-Australian writer Nathaniel Gould. It is set in the world of horse racing. Film adaptation In 1918 the novel served as a basis for the British silent film A Turf Conspiracy directed by Frank Wilson. References Bibliography Goble, Alan. The Complete Index to Literary Sources in Film. Walter de Gruyter, 1999. Category:1916 British novels Category:Australian sports novels Category:Novels set in England Category:British sports novels Category:Novels by Nathaniel Gould Category:British novels adapted into films	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Alexander (surname) Alexander is a surname originating in Scotland. It is originally an Anglicised form of the Scottish Gaelic MacAlasdair. It is a somewhat common Scottish name, and the region of Scotland where it traditionally is most commonly found is in the Highlands region of Scotland. Notable people with the surname include: Adonis Alexander (born 1996), American football player AJ Alexander (born 1980), American model and Playboy Playmate A. V. Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Hillsborough (1885–1965), British politician Albert R. Alexander (1859–1966), American judge Amir Alexander (born 1963), Israeli-American historian Ana Alexander (born 1954), Cuban long jumper Ann Dunlop Alexander (born 1896, fl. 1910s–60s), Scottish artist Annie Lowrie Alexander (1864–1929), American physician and educator Archibald Alexander (1772–1851), American theologian, professor, and first principal of Princeton Seminary Archibald Alexander (politician) (1755–1822), American physician and politician Archibald Alphonso Alexander (1888–1958), American design and construction engineer Archibald S. Alexander (1906–1979), American lawyer, civil servant, and Democratic politician Barton S. Alexander (1819–1878), U.S. Army brigadier general and engineer during the American Civil War Beatrice Alexander (1895–1990), American dollmaker and businesswoman Birdie Alexander (1870–1960), American musician and educator Boyd Alexander (1873–1910), British army officer, explorer and ornithologist Caleb Alexander (died 1828), American clergyman, writer, teacher Cecil Alexander (disambiguation), several people Cecil Alexander (1918–2013), American architect Cecil L. Alexander (born 1935), American politician Cecil Frances Alexander (1818–1895), British hymn-writer and poet Christopher Alexander (born 1936), Austrian-American architect and design theorist Christopher James Alexander (1887–1917), British ornithologist Claudia Alexander (1959–2015), American planetary scientist Conel Hugh O'Donel Alexander (1909–1974), British cryptanalyst, chess player, and chess writer Cory Alexander (born 1973), American basketball player Courtney Alexander (born 1977), American basketball player Cris Alexander, (1920–2012), American actor, singer, dancer, designer, and photographer Danny Alexander (born 1972), British politician Dari Alexander (born 1969), American news anchor Devon Alexander (born 1987), American professional boxer Doc Alexander (1897–1975), American NFL football player and coach Donald Alexander (1921–2009), American lawyer Donald Alexander (1928–2007), Irish physician and researcher Dorothy Alexander, professional name of Dorothy Bohm (born 1924), naturalized British photographer Dottie Alexander (born 1972), American keyboardist Douglas Alexander (born 1967), British politician Duane Alexander (born 1940), American doctor Eben Alexander (author) (born 1953), American neurosurgeon Edward Porter Alexander (1835–1910), U.S. and Confederate States Army officer Ethel Skyles Alexander (1925–2016), American politician Ernie Alexander (born 1933), American politician Evan Shelby Alexander (1767–1809), American politician F. Matthias Alexander (1869–1955), Australian actor/orator, founder of the Alexander Technique Francesca Alexander (1837–1917), American illustrator, author, and translator Frank Alexander (cricketer) (1911–2005), Australian cricketer Franz Alexander (1891–1964), Hungarian-American psychoanalyst and physician Fred Alexander (1870–1937), South African rugby union player Gary Alexander (disambiguation), several people Gary Alexander (baseball) (born 1953), United States baseball player Gary Alexander (basketball) (born 1969), United States basketball player Gary Alexander (footballer) (born 1979), English footballer Gary Alexander (sound engineer), American sound engineer Gary Alexander (martial art pioneer), American martial artist Gary Alexander (politician), American politician in Washington Jules Gary Alexander (20th c.) American musician and singer from the band the Association, known also as Gary Alexander Grover Cleveland Alexander (1887–1950), American baseball player Gus Alexander, (1934–2010), Scottish footballer Harold Alexander (1900–1987), American politician Harold Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis (1891–1969), British general Harvey Alexander (early 20th c.), American baseball player Holmes Alexander (1906–1985), American historian, journalist, and columnist Horace Alexander (1889–1989), English writer, pacifist and ornithologist Howard Wright Alexander (1911–1985), Canadian-American mathematician Hubbard Alexander (born 1939), American football player J. Alexander (model) (born 1958), American model, runway coach and panelist on America's Next Top Model Jace Alexander (born 1964), American television director and actor Jaire Alexander (born 1997), American football player James Edward Alexander (1803–1885), Scottish traveller, author and soldier in the British Army James Waddel Alexander (1804–1859), American Presbyterian minister and theologian James Waddell Alexander II (1888–1971), American mathematician Jason Alexander (born 1959), stage name of American actor, voice actor, singer, comedian, and director Jason Scott Greenspan Jason Allen Alexander (late 20th/early 21st c.), American ex-husband of Britney Spears Jason Shawn Alexander (born 1975), American comic-book artist, painter, illustrator and draftsman Jay Alexander (born 1968), American magician, comedian and entertainer Jean Alexander (1926–2016), British actress Jeffrey C. Alexander (born 1947), American sociologist Joan Alexander (1915-2009), American actress John Alexander (disambiguation), several people John White Alexander (1856–1915), American artist Joseph Alexander (disambiguation), several people Joseph Alexander (c. 1770–1828), German cellist and music teacher Joseph Addison Alexander (1809–1860), American bible scholar J. Grubb Alexander (1887–1932), full name Joseph Grubb Alexander, American screenwriter Joseph A. "Doc" Alexander (1898–1975), American football player and coach Joseph H. Alexander (c. 1938–2014), retired American marine Joseph W. Alexander (born 1947), American politician Joe Alexander (born 1986), American-Israeli basketball player Kaitlyn Alexander (born 1992), Canadian actress Lamar Alexander (born 1940), American politician Lawrence A. Alexander (born 1943), American law professor Lena Alexander (1899–1983), Scottish artist Lincoln Alexander (1922–2012), Canadian politician Lloyd Alexander (1924–2007), American author Louise Alexander (born 1960), American politician, member of the Alabama House of Representatives Lucy Alexander (born 1970), British television presenter Manny Alexander (born 1971), Dominican Republic-born American baseball player Margie Alexander (1948–2013), American singer Milton Alexander (1796–1856), American militia officer, attorney, and politician Neil Alexander (born 1978), Scottish footballer Olly Alexander (born 1990), English musician; lead singer of Years & Years Patrick Young Alexander (1867–1943), British aviation pioneer Peter Alexander (1926–2011), Austrian singer and actor Randy Alexander (born 1951), American politician Richard D. Alexander (born 1930), American professor and curator emeritus of insects at American the Museum of Zoology of the University of Michigan Rex Alexander (1924–1982), American college sports coach Robert McNeill Alexander (1934–2016), British zoologist Robert P. Alexander (1904–1985), American philatelist Ross Alexander (1907–1937), American actor Sally Hobart Alexander (born 1943), American writer of children's literature Samuel Alexander (1859–1938) Australian/British philosopher and essayist Sarah Alexander (born 1971), British actress Shane Alexander (late 20th/early 21st c.), American singer-songwriter and musician Shane Alexander (born 1986), Australian volleyball player Shane Alexander, 2nd Earl Alexander of Tunis (born 1935), British peer Shaun Alexander (born 1977), American football player Stan Alexander (1905–1961), English footballer Stephanie B. Alexander an American mathematician Sue Alexander (1933–2008), American children's author Van Alexander (1915–2015), American bandleader, arranger and composer, born Alexander Van Vliet Feldman Victor Alexander (born 1969), American basketball player Wilfred Backhouse Alexander (1885–1965), English ornithologist and entomologist William Alexander (bishop) (1824–1911), Irish cleric William Alexander (rugby player) (1874–1937), Welsh rugby player William Alexander, 1st Earl of Stirling (c.1567–1640), Scottish noble Willie Alexander (born 1949), American football player Other: Murder of Travis Alexander, a crime perpetrated by Jodi Arias in 2008 See also Aleksander (Hasidic dynasty) J. Alexander (disambiguation) Alexander (disambiguation) References Category:English-language surnames	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Albert Jacob Albert Paul Jacob (born 16 March 1980) is an Australian politician. He is the current Mayor for the City of Joondalup. He was the member for the Western Australian Legislative Assembly seat of Ocean Reef from 2008 to 2017, and the Minister for the Environment and Heritage in Colin Barnett's government. He had previously served as the Parliamentary Secretary for Community Services; Seniors and Volunteering and Youth, from June 2012 to March 2013. His seat was abolished prior to the 2017 state election and he was defeated contesting Burns Beach. Early life Jacob was born in Subiaco, Western Australia on 16 March 1980. He grew up in Wanneroo, and was educated at Kingsway Christian College. Jacob was a horticulturalist before studying at the University of Western Australia and graduating with a Bachelor of Environmental Design and a Masters in Architecture. Jacob has lived in the Northern Suburbs of Perth his entire life. Politics Albert Jacob’s State Parliament career began on 6 September 2008 when he was elected the inaugural member for the Western Australian seat of Ocean Reef. Prior to this he served almost three years on the Joondalup City Council in the North Central Ward. He was appointed Environment and Heritage Minister in March 2013, following the re-election of the Liberal National Government. Then aged 33, his appointment saw him become one of the youngest ministers ever appointed in Western Australia. Jacob's other committee and community activities include having been the inaugural Chair of both the Tamala Park Coastal Reserve Community Advisory Committee and the Mitchell Freeway Extension Community Reference Group, as well as serving as a local Justice of the Peace. He was the inaugural Deputy Chair of the Ocean Reef Marina Committee and was also the Deputy Chair of the Community Development and Justice Parliamentary Standing Committee for 4 years. Environment & Heritage Jacob has overseen a number of major changes to the environment portfolio, including fulfilling an election commitment to create a dedicated department to manage the State's national parks and conservation estate and a separate regulatory department. In June 2013, the Department of Parks and Wildlife was created, along with the Department of Environment Regulation, replacing the Department of Environment and Conservation. Jacob oversaw the successful rollout of the $81.5million Kimberly Science and Conservation Strategy. The strategy is for the Kimberley's long-term conservation and is investment in the protection of the region's unique animals, plants and marine environment. Jacob is overseeing the $21million Parks for People initiative which will deliver 450 new camp and caravan sites in 16 of the State's national parks. As Heritage Minister, Jacob established an Australian-first Heritage Revolving Fund. The fund will see seed money provided to government-owned heritage buildings so they can be revitalised. References Category:1980 births Category:Living people Category:Liberal Party of Australia members of the Parliament of Western Australia Category:Members of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly Category:People from Perth, Western Australia Category:21st-century Australian politicians	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Ross Fletcher Ross Fletcher is an English sports presenter and commentator known for his work with BBC Radio and Seattle Sounders FC. Career BBC Fletcher had a passion for radio at a young age and at 14 years old, he was the runner-up in a competition for aspiring broadcasters hosted by Garth Crooks's Go program on the original Radio 5. He gained experience at BBC Radio Derby between the ages of 16 and 18 on an unpaid basis. Fletcher began reading sports bulletins for the station while attending the University of Sheffield. He eventually earned his own program doing sports and music on Saturdays. At the age of 22, Fletcher became the voice of Derby County for BBC Radio Derby. He also spent 5 years reporting for BBC Radio 5 Live and BBC Radio 5 Live Sports Extra. Major League Soccer Beginning in 2012, Fletcher replaced Arlo White as the play-by-play voice of Seattle Sounders FC for local English radio and television broadcasts. He worked alongside with former Seattle goalkeeper and color commentator Kasey Keller on the broadcasts. On 22 October 2015 it was announced that he and the club would part ways at the end of the 2015 season. He called his last match for the club, a playoff series against FC Dallas that ended in a penalty shootout, on 8 November 2015. References Category:Seattle Sounders FC Category:Association football commentators Category:English sports broadcasters Category:Alumni of the University of Sheffield Category:People from Loughborough Category:Living people Category:Major League Soccer broadcasters Category:Year of birth missing (living people)	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
White-eyelid mangabey The white-eyelid mangabeys are African Old World monkeys belonging to the genus Cercocebus. They are characterized by their bare upper eyelids, which are lighter than their facial skin colouring, and the uniformly coloured hairs of the fur. The other two genera of mangabeys, Lophocebus and Rungwecebus, were once thought to be very closely related to Cercocebus, so much so that all the species were placed in one genus. However, it is now understood that Lophocebus and Rungwecebus species are more closely related to the baboons in genus Papio, while the Cercocebus species are more closely related to the mandrill. Species Genus Cercocebus Sooty mangabey, Cercocebus atys Collared mangabey, Cercocebus torquatus Agile mangabey, Cercocebus agilis Golden-bellied mangabey, Cercocebus chrysogaster Tana River mangabey, Cercocebus galeritus Sanje mangabey, Cercocebus sanjei References External links Primate Info Net Cercocebus Factsheets Cercocebus in Animal Diversity Web . mangabey, White-eyelid Category:Taxa named by Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Dhale Dhale or Dhala, also spelled Dali and Dhalea and sometimes prefixed with Al or Ad ( Aḍ-Ḍāliʿ), is the capital town of Dhale Governorate in south-western Yemen. It is located at around , in the elevation of around 1500 metres. History Formerly it was the capital of the Emirate of Dhala. Climate Economy Historically, the Jewish community produced cotton thread. References Category:Populated places in Dhale Governorate	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Isaac Watts (naval architect) Isaac Watts (1797–1876) was an early British naval architect. Together with Chief Engineer Thomas Lloyd, he designed HMS Warrior, the world's first armour-plated iron-hulled warship. When he retired his position as Chief Constructor was taken by Edward Reed. References External links ODNB entry Category:1797 births Category:1876 deaths Category:Naval architects	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
HMAS Shepparton (A 03) HMAS Shepparton (A 03) is a Paluma-class survey motor launch of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). Design and construction The Paluma-class vessels have a full load displacement of 320 tonnes. They are long overall and long between perpendiculars, have a beam of , and a draught of . Propulsion machinery consists of two General Motors Detroit Diesel 12V-92T engines, which supply to the two propeller shafts. Each vessel has a top speed of , a maximum sustainable speed of (which gives a maximum range of ), and an endurance of 14 days. The sensor suite of a Paluma-class launch consists of a JRC JMA-3710-6 navigational radar, an ELAC LAZ 72 side-scan mapping sonar, and a Skipper 113 hull-mounted scanning sonar. The vessels are unarmed. The standard ship's company consists of three officers and eleven sailors, although another four personnel can be accommodated. The catamarans were originally painted white, but were repainted naval grey in 2002. Shepparton was laid down at Eglo Engineering's shipyard in Port Adelaide, South Australia on 21 September 1988, launched on 5 December 1989, and commissioned into the RAN on 24 January 1990. The ship was named for the city of Shepparton, Victoria. Operational history In January 2011, Shepparton was one of three RAN vessels deployed to survey Moreton Bay and the Brisbane River for submerged debris as part of Operation Queensland Flood Assist, the Australian Defence Force response to the 2010–11 Queensland floods. In October 2013, Shepparton participated in the International Fleet Review 2013 in Sydney. Citations References External links Category:Paluma-class survey motor launches Category:Survey ships of the Royal Australian Navy Category:Active naval ships of Australia Category:1989 ships	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Dean Buntrock Dean L. Buntrock is an American businessman and philanthropist most well known for his founding and longtime leadership of Waste Management, Inc., North America's largest waste services company. Over his 40-year career, he and the team he assembled built a small family-owned business with less than $1 million in annual revenues into the industry leading company with over $9 billion in annual revenues. Early years Born in Columbia, South Dakota, on June 6, 1931, Buntrock began learning about business as a youngster working for his father, Rudy Buntrock, a community leader who owned a farm services business that included International Harvester farm equipment, tractors and trucks, along with Standard Oil products, hardware and other farming-related needs. He was mayor of the 250-resident town for 25 years, a main customer of the local bank as well as a member of its board, and owner of a local baseball club. He led campaigns to build the local gym and fund War Bonds. Rudy's businesses, banking background and his ability to work with local farmers who purchased agricultural equipment taught Dean valuable lessons about how to purchase and finance equipment, which later proved to be very important during his early years in business. Guided by his father and mother, Lillian (née Hustad), Dean at an early age displayed signs of entrepreneurial acumen, raising chickens and growing potatoes which he sold to local restaurants in the Aberdeen area about 20 miles away. At age 14, he drove a truck hauling grain during harvest for the area's largest farmer and at 16 became a salesman for his father's business. Education Buntrock's early education was based on the Midwest Christian values that were the backbone of his mother's Norwegian and father's German heritage. He was raised a Lutheran. “The values that were most important to my parents were tithing, saving, respect and using all your God-given talents to pursue excellence,” Buntrock said. He attended the one-room St. John's Lutheran School from grades five through eight. It was across the street from the home he shared with his parents and younger siblings, a brother, Clayton, and a sister, Joyce. “If you were a Lutheran, that’s where you went,” he said. The school had 30 students; his high school class would have just eight graduates. His education continued at St. Olaf College in Northfield, Minnesota, where he majored in business and history. He returned home in his junior year to help with the family business when his father developed heart disease. After completing service during the Korean War, which included attending finance school at Fort Benjamin Harrison, he returned to St. Olaf to complete his college studies in 1955. Entry into waste services Two days after graduation, Buntrock married Elizabeth (Betty) Joanne (“B.J.”) Huizenga, also a student at St. Olaf. The couple set off to Boulder, Colorado, where Dean became a successful if short-lived life insurance salesman for the Equitable Life Assurance Society of New York earning commissions on life-insured home refinancings. B.J.’s father, Peter, was the son of Harm Huizenga, a Dutch immigrant who arrived in Chicago at the time of the World's Columbian Exposition in 1893. He owned a modest business at the beginning driving a horse and wagon full of trash for $1.25 a load. Harm and many other men of Dutch descent in Chicago – the names included Evenhouse, Groot, Boersma, DeBoer and others – would expand their businesses as the city grew. The work was hard and few lived long lives. Harm’s sons, Siert (Sam), Tom and Peter, followed their father's lead and built their own trash hauling businesses. Tom died in 1945 and Sam died in 1953. Peter died in September 1956 after suffering a heart attack. At this time, the business was known as the Ace Scavenger Service – a conglomeration of trash hauling companies owned in partnership with the Huizenga widows. On Peter's death, Buntrock returned to Chicago to care for his mother-in-law's interest in the Ace business. He came on as the manager with no stake in the business. Then in early 1957, only four months after his arrival, Lawry Groot, a partner who persuaded Dean to join the business, also died of a heart attack. That left the young Buntrock in charge. According to Timothy Jacobson’s history of the company, “Waste Management, A Corporate American Success Story,” Ace had just 15 collection routes, each with revenues of $4,000 a month, and an interest in a waste incinerator called Incinerator Inc. Buntrock brought home $200 a week. Waste Management Founding Over the next decade, Buntrock continued to grow the business, doubling its revenues every three years. He expanded to Milwaukee in 1959, acquiring Acme Disposal in a trade for some Chicago collection routes and added Wheeling, Illinois residential routes the same year. He acquired a landfill in 1967 in Brookfield, Wisconsin. Buntrock soon connected with Wayne Huizenga, his wife's first cousin who operated Southern Sanitation Services, a small but fast-growing garbage hauling business in Broward County, Florida begun in 1962. In 1967, Buntrock and Huizenga became partners when Buntrock purchased Huizenga's former father-in-law's one-third interest in Southern and assumed responsibility for financing its growth. In 1968, Buntrock incorporated Waste Management Inc. His goal was to organize a single holding company to bring together the disparate operations that he and Wayne Huizenga had cobbled together. At that time, the hauling companies and disposal sites in Chicago, Milwaukee and south Florida had operated as independent privately owned companies. The name, Waste Management, Inc., was Buntrock's idea, according to historian Jacobson. Buntrock had seen a reference to solid waste management equipment in a trade publication and, dropping the word "solid", he thought the name Waste Management captured his vision of the company's services and future. Buntrock knew that Waste Management needed to operate on a larger scale in order to attract future investors. In late 1970, in a series of transactions handled by his brother-in-law, Peter Huizenga (a young lawyer in Chicago), Buntrock's vision was put into action. The new Waste Management Inc. acquired all of the Buntrock managed businesses in Illinois, Wisconsin and Minnesota along with Wayne Huizenga's Florida business. A third founding partner, Larry Beck (a Dane who Buntrock knew from the Chicago Ash and Scavenger Association) merged his Atlas Disposal businesses which operated on Chicago's south side into Waste Management. At the same time, Waste Management acquired the CID Landfill, a 150-acre disposal facility on the Chicago/Calumet City border which Buntrock had developed and opened in 1967. This would become a major company asset for many years to come. On January 1, 1971 these three founding partners, Buntrock, Huizenga and Beck, officially began business together under the new Waste Management brand. Initial public offering Buntrock and his partners had been supporting their companies’ early growth with borrowings from community banks in Berwyn, Cicero and Oak Park, Illinois. They were paying for equipment on time, sending in payments with loan book remittance slips. But Buntrock envisioned that their operations would one day go public. He was not the first to do so. Browning-Ferris Industries (BFI) had gone public in 1969 and pioneered the industry's arriving consolidation, providing a path for Buntrock to follow. Buntrock brought in expert financial help to better organize the company. He had dealt with a number of banks and secured a $6 million credit line from the Continental Illinois National Bank and Trust Company of Illinois, but a public offering was needed to provide the capital and support the growth they foresaw coming. Waste Management, with The Chicago Corporation as its lead underwriter, went public on June 17, 1971, approximately 19 months after the creation of the United States Environmental Protection Agency on December 2, 1970. The offering was for 320,000 shares at $16 per share, raising approximately $4 million. At the end of 1971, Waste Management revenues were nearly $17 million and earnings $1.3 million. A second offering a year later raised an additional $25 million in equity capital. Its IPO prospectus noted that Waste Management served 8,000 commercial and industrial customers in Illinois, Indiana, Wisconsin and Florida and over 30,000 residential customers in Illinois, Indiana and Wisconsin. It operated 29 landfills in Florida, Illinois, Minnesota and Wisconsin. It had approximately 400 employees. Expansion Over the next 25 years, Buntrock and his team led Waste Management's expansion across North America. The company's capabilities gradually grew to include the full range of recycling and solid waste services, hazardous wastes management services, waste-to-energy capability, clean water technologies, and environmental engineering. For a time, it expanded internationally, introducing municipal cleaning services in Saudi Arabia, and serving customers in more than 20 countries in Europe, Asia, Australia and New Zealand. Buntrock retired as CEO at age 65 in 1996 at which time the company had grown to more than $9 billion in annual revenues. Colleagues A group of executives who launched successful careers as part of the Buntrock team at Waste Management went on to capture additional achievements once their Waste Management days were over. Wayne Huizenga, Larry Beck (and his son Scott Beck), and retired Waste Management Chief Financial Officer Don Flynn and other former executives and associates invested in and led the development of the Blockbuster Video chain. Members of this group further developed such well-known corporate names as Boston Chicken (now Boston Market), Discovery Zone, H2O Plus, AutoNation, Extended Stay America and LKQ. All received Buntrock's support and, in most cases, his investment. Industry founder Buntrock and other Chicago haulers understood the value of having a local trade organization. First called the Chicago and Suburban Ash and Scavenger Association, the group evolved to become the Chicago and Suburban Refuse Disposal Association. It gave the haulers an industry voice and means to communicate with local governments from which they sought collection contracts. Buntrock further recognized the need for a national association. He emerged as the leader of the National Council of Refuse Disposal Trade Associations, founded in 1962. Buntrock, Harold Vandermolen, another Chicagoan, and Marshall Rabins from California each contributed $5,000 to engage a lawyer to incorporate the small group. Buntrock was its first president. His plan brought together entrepreneurs in waste management into an association that had size, experience and the know-how to play a role in developing new waste practices and introducing new waste management technologies. The association focused on recruiting new members and began monitoring developments in labor law, public health and trade practices. As it began to reach out to federal government agencies, its leaders recognized they needed a more formally organized national voice. Buntrock hired a small Washington public relations firm, Larry Hogan Associates, to manage the group. Harold Gershowitz, a partner in the firm, became the association's first executive director. In 1968, the association was renamed the National Solid Wastes Management Association. Founder Buntrock served as its president through the mid-1960s and remained a director for nearly 20 years. Philanthropy Buntrock has been a generous benefactor for numerous institutions, including his alma mater St. Olaf College, the Lutheran Church in America, the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, numerous arts organizations, and to conservation and environmental groups such as Ducks Unlimited and the National Wildlife Federation, the last of which he served as a director. In 1996 he contributed $26 million to St. Olaf College, the largest single gift donated to the school or any other Lutheran college in the United States. The money was the lead gift to build a new student center which opened on November 5, 1999. Named the Buntrock Commons in honor of Buntrock and his family, the building is a community center housing services to support student academic and social lives. Buntrock served as chair of the St. Olaf Board of Regents from 1986 to 1995. In 2018 Buntrock contributed $21.4 million to Luther Seminary in St. Paul, Minnesota, the largest single gift in its history. The gift funded a pilot program designed to allow the seminary to educate and train students in two years, instead of the four years typically needed for a master's degree in divinity. The gift was to reduce the cost to students and lower college debt, which has been a detriment to seminary school enrollment. Buntrock philanthropy has supported numerous Chicago civic and cultural institutions. A life trustee of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, Buntrock funded the development of the CSO's Symphony Center, a multi-use facility used for rehearsals by the Chicago Symphony Chorus and Civic Orchestra of Chicago. The facility is used for chamber performances, dinners, receptions, lectures, trade shows and meetings. He was a founding board member and contributor to Chicago's Millennium Park. He served as a member of the Terra Foundation for American Art board and played a key role in filing a lawsuit with other board members that resulted in keeping the Terra Museum in Chicago. Buntrock has supported a range of health institutions, including Chicago's Rush University Medical Center, the Lurie Children's Hospital and the Eisenhower Medical Center in Rancho Mirage, California. Personal life Buntrock has three daughters from his marriage to B.J. Huizenga and six granddaughters. The marriage to Huizenga, who died in 2014, ended in divorce. In 1984, Buntrock married Rosemarie Nuzzo. Awards Buntrock is a 1996 recipient of the Horatio Alger Award. The award recognizes “contemporary role models whose experiences exemplify that opportunities for a successful life are available to all individuals who are dedicated to the principles of integrity, hard work, perseverance and compassion for others.” Buntrock was a 1992 inductee into the Sales & Marketing Executives International Academy of Achievement, established to recognize notable lifetime contributions to the free enterprise system through personal and corporate success in sales and marketing. In 1997, he was named outstanding chief executive in the pollution control industry by Financial World and The Wall Street Transcript. He is a 2007 inductee into the National Solid Wastes Management Association Hall of Fame. Securities and Exchange Commission The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission in August 2005 announced that it had reached a settlement with Mr. Buntrock and three other former Waste Management executives that resolved a civil complaint the SEC issued in 2002. The complaint alleged inappropriate accounting treatment of company financial statements that resulted in overstating the company's profits during a five-year period in the mid-1990s. Mr. Buntrock and the former executives admitted to no wrongdoing and agreed to a range of financial and other penalties to resolve the matter. References Category:Living people Buntrock, Dean Category:Waste managers Category:St. Olaf College alumni Category:1931 births	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Giovanni Battista Spangher Johann Spangher (Villesse, May 24, 1802 – Villesse, July 29, 1852) was an Italian politician, judge and irredentist. Biography G.B Spangher was born in Villesse, a small town near Gorizia, from G.B. Spangar and from Vecchi Pasqua. The family was well off and practiced mercantile activity. He married in 1842 with Orsola Vianello, daughter of Giuseppe and Giuditta Venier, exponent of a noble family of the Venetian patriciate, from which he had in 1852 Cav.Giovanni Spangher (who then embarked on a brilliant career within Credito Italiano). He transmitted the patriotic ideals to his son who was later condemned to death because he refused to fight in the Austrian army (as he considered himself an Italian citizen). After completing his law studies, he worked as a lawyer and judge in Gorizia, Monfalcone, Aquileia and Grandisca. On 30 November 1848 he was elected to the first Austrian democratic parliament after the revolutions of March 1848, where he remained in office until February 1849. He took part in the great renewal approved in parliament towards the end of 1848 which released from the point of economic view the proletarians from the noble landowners, ending to decades of infighting. In the 1950s he started and financed the project to complete the bell tower of the church of San Rocco in Villesse. Giovanni Battista died suddenly in his hometown in 1852. Bibliography Das heilige Geistspital zu Freising: eine Gelegenheitsschrift Di Johann B. Prechtl. Archive of the Austrian Parlament. Protokoll (Protocoll) der ... Sitzung der constituirenden Reichsversammlung. Verhandlungen des österreichischen Reichstages nach der ..., Volume 4 Di Austria. Reichstag. Notes Category:Historical Left politicians Category:Italian politicians	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Cerasus (near Trapezus) Cerasus or Kerasous () was a town of ancient Pontus, on the Black Sea coast, a little to the west of Trapezus. The Ten Thousand, in their retreat, came to Trapezus, and leaving Trapezus, "they arrive on the third day at Cerasus, an Hellenic city on the sea, a colony of the Sinopeis, in Colchis." The Anonymous geographer of Ravenna places Cerasus 60 stadia east of Coralla, and 90 west of Hieron Oros, and on a river of the same name. The name, and possibly the population, of the town were translated to Pharnacia in the Hellenistic era. Its site is tentatively located near Gelida Kale in Asiatic Turkey. References Category:Populated places in ancient Pontus Category:Former populated places in Turkey Category:History of Trabzon Province	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn bibliography This is a bibliography of Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn's works. Books (Cancer Ward) (The First Circle) (Collected Works) (August 1914) (The Oak and the Calf, autobiography) (Lenin in Zurich - Petrograd) Editions and collections English editions Uncollected periodical publications Other works Translation: The Smatterers, a 1974 essay References Solzhenitsyn Studies: A Quarterly Review 1–2 (1980–1981). Michael Nicholson, “Solzhenitsyn in 1981: A Bibliographic Reorientation,” in Solzhenitsyn in Exile: Critical Essays and Documentary Materials, edited by John B. Dunlop, Richard S. Haugh, and Michael Nicholson (Stanford: Hoover Institution, 1985), pp. 351–412. * Category:Bibliographies by writer Category:Bibliographies of Russian writers Category:Christian bibliographies	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Touligny Touligny is a commune in the Ardennes department in northern France. Population See also Communes of the Ardennes department References INSEE Category:Communes of Ardennes (department) Category:Ardennes communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Glaucocharis xanthogramma Glaucocharis xanthogramma is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Meyrick in 1931. It is found in Malaysia. References Category:Diptychophorini Category:Moths described in 1931	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Danube Express The Danube Express is a private train operating in central and eastern Europe. It provides a hotel-on-wheels service with sleeping cars of three comfort categories (Superior DeLuxe, DeLuxe and Heritage classes), completed by restaurant, lounge and staff cars. Its operating season is generally from April to October. The operation of the train has begun in September 2008. Most of the journeys were organized from Budapest to Istanbul via Romania and Bulgaria, and return via Serbia, but there were also frequent tours to Austria, Slovakia, Poland, the Czech Republic and Germany. Since 2014 the train belongs to Golden Eagle Luxury Trains, who has extended the range of tours significantly. Journeys have taken part until 2016 even to and inside Iran, and from Istanbul to Venice through the Balkan states, but then all the tours to and via Turkey are cancelled due to safety reasons. New tours were made in the recent years through Italy - down to Sicily and via Switzerland. Rolling stock Some of the cars were also previously operated on its predecessor train Royal Hungarian Express. The carriages are based in Budapest, Hungary, and operated by MÁV Nosztalgia Ltd.. Train composition may vary upon demand between 7 and 13 carriages. There are no specific engines for the haulage, but in Hungary - at least at the departures and arrivals from/to Budapest - it's done particularly by heritage (even steam) locomotives. Tours See also List of named passenger trains of Europe References External links Danube Express, Official website mavnosztalgia. Category:International named passenger trains	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Normaltica Normaltica is a genus of flea beetles found in the Greater Antilles. They are distinctive for their clavate antennae (having one end thicker than the other, like a club), not found in other known New World flea beetles. Species N. iviei N. obrieni References Category:Chrysomelidae	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Crnajka Crnajka is a village in the municipality of Majdanpek, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 1099 people. References Category:Populated places in Bor District	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Acanthodactylus ahmaddisii Acanthodactylus ahmaddisii or the Jordanian fringe-fingered lizard is a species of lizard in the family Lacertidae. Geographic range A. ahmaddisii is endemic to Jordan. Etymology The specific name, ahmaddisii, is in honor of Jordanian biologist Ahmad M. Disi. Habitat The natural habitats of A. ahmaddisii are subtropical or tropical dry shrubland. Conservation status The Jordanian fringe-fingered lizard is threatened by habitat loss. Taxonomy A. ahmaddisii was first described in 2004 by Israeli herpetologist Yehudah L. Werner. References Category:Acanthodactylus Category:Reptiles described in 2004 Category:Endemic fauna of Jordan Category:Taxa named by Yehudah L. Werner Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Baby Blue Paper Baby Blue Paper is the eleventh album from Swedish pop and country singer Jill Johnson, released on 28 October 2008. The album was recorded in Nashville. It peaked at #3 at the Swedish album charts. Track listing Personnel Scott Baggett - electric guitar, acoustic guitar, keyboards, bass Mike Brignardello - bass Pat Buchanan - electric guitar, acoustic guitar, harmonica Tom Bukovac - electric guitar, piano Chris Carmichael - cello, viola, violin Mike Durham - electric guitar Tony Harrell - keyboards, electric guitar Mark Hill - bass Jim Hoke - alto saxophone, baritone saxophone, tenor saxophone, pedal steel guitar Don Jackson - saxophone Walter King - saxophone Greg Morrow - drums Russ Pahl - lap steel guitar, electric guitar Tom Roady - percussion Jerry Roe - drums Mike Rojas - keyboards James Williamsson - trumpet John Willis - acoustic guitar Jonathan Yudkin - mandolin, viola Backing vocals Chris Byrne Britton Cameron Melodie Crittenden KK Falkner Jason McCoy Crystal Taliefero Russel Terrell Chart positions References External links Category:2008 albums Category:Jill Johnson albums	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Jean-Paul Dupré Jean-Paul Dupré (born 5 February 1944 in Davejean, Aude) French millionaire, member of the National Assembly of France. He represents the Aude department, and is a member of the Socialist Party and of the Socialiste, radical, citoyen et divers gauche parliamentary group. He is the mayor of Limoux. References Category:1944 births Category:Living people Category:People from Aude Category:Socialist Party (France) politicians Category:Mayors of Limoux Category:Deputies of the 11th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic Category:Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic Category:Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic Category:Deputies of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Bedford, New York Bedford, New York, may refer to: Bedford (town), New York, a town in Westchester County Bedford (CDP), New York, commonly known as Bedford Village, a hamlet (and census-designated place or CDP) in the town of Bedford Bedford Hills, New York, a hamlet Bedford–Stuyvesant, Brooklyn, a neighborhood Bedford, a neighborhood within Bedford–Stuyvesant	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Sea-pie Sea pie is also an old name for an oystercatcher Sea-pie is a layered meat pie made with meat or fish, and is known to have been served to British sailors during the 18th century. Its popularity was passed on to the New England colonies sufficiently to be included in American Cookery. In Quebec this dish is called cipaille, cipâtes or six-pâtes (in French), and is a traditional Quebecois dish. It contains no fish or other seafood, but moose, partridge, hare, beef, veal, pork and chicken (or a simpler permutation of these). The French name most likely originated as an adaptation of sea-pie. See also Canadian cuisine List of pies, tarts and flans Steak and oyster pie Tourtière References External links "Cipaille, or Sea Pie", Northwest Journal article "Sea Pie" at British Food in America website Category:Cuisine of Quebec Category:Savoury pies	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Carlos Casares (governor) For the town of the same name, see Carlos Casares, Buenos Aires. Carlos Casares (February 13, 1830 — May 2, 1883) was an Argentine rancher, executive, and politician. Life and times Carlos Gumersindo Casares was born to Gervasia Rodríguez Rojo and Vicente Casares, in 1830. His father, born in Vizcaya, Spain, served as the first Spanish Consul to Argentina. His parents became influential ranchers in Argentina, and he studied in Germany. Casares became a vocal opponent of Buenos Aires Province Governor Juan Manuel de Rosas, and he was jailed for a time. Following the strongman's fall at the 1852 Battle of Caseros, he entered politics, and in 1857, was elected to the Provincial Legislature. He bred racehorses in subsequent years, and became a member of the board of the Buenos Aires Western Railway. He married María Josefa Martínez de Hoz, the daughter of prominent landowners, and had one son. He affiliated himself with Adolfo Alsina's Buenos Aires-centric Autonomist Party, and in 1875, the party's standard-bearer, President Nicolás Avellaneda, appointed Casares Governor of Buenos Aires; the appointment of Casares, a moderate, contributed to an improvement in relations with provincial Caudillos from the hinterland, and fomented national unity. Casares enacted the Law of Common Education, a precursor to the Argentine Law 1420 of 1884, which mandated universal, compulsory, free and secular education. He stepped down in 1878 upon the election of separatist Carlos Tejedor. Amid resurfacing tensions, Casares headed the Autonomist Party committee that nominated General Julio Roca ahead of the 1880 presidential election. Casares was appointed Director of the Bank of the Province of Buenos Aires in 1882, and died at his Magdalena ranch in 1883. References Historical Dictionary of Argentina. London:Scarecrow Press, 1978. Category:1830 births Category:1883 deaths Category:People from Buenos Aires Category:Argentine people of Spanish descent Category:Argentine businesspeople Category:Governors of Buenos Aires Province Category:Burials at La Recoleta Cemetery	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
List of animated television series of 2004 A list of animated television series first aired in 2004. See also List of animated feature films of 2004 List of Japanese animation television series of 2004 References Category:2004 in animation Category:2004 in television Category:2000s animated television series Category:Lists of animated television series Category:21st-century animated television series Category:2004-related lists	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Raisin Bran Raisin bran (sultana bran in some countries) is a breakfast cereal containing raisins and wheat bran. Raisin bran is manufactured by several companies under a variety of brand names, including the popularly known Kellogg's Raisin Bran, General Mills' Total Raisin Bran, and Post Cereals' Raisin Bran. This popular breakfast cereal is a staple in households all over the United States because of its advertised nutritional value. History Skinner's Raisin-BRAN was the first raisin bran brand on the market, introduced in the United States in 1926 by the Skinner Manufacturing Company. For 17 years, Skinner had ownership over the product's name, until Kellogg's and Post began to sell their own versions of raisin bran. With concerns of losing money within grocery store sales, Skinner filed a cease-and-desist in an attempt to keep ownership over his raisin bran product. The name "Raisin-BRAN" was at one time trademarked by Skinner, however in 1944 the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit found: The name "Raisin-BRAN" could not be appropriated as a trade-mark, because: "A name which is merely descriptive of the ingredients, qualities or characteristics of an article of trade cannot be appropriated as a trademark and the exclusive use of it afforded legal protection. The use of a similar name by another to truthfully describe his own product does not constitute a legal or moral wrong, even if its effect be to cause the public to mistake the origin or ownership of the product." Now, any brand or manufacturer may create their own version of raisin bran and name it just that. Nutrition Facts The main ingredients in all raisin bran breakfast cereals are as previously stated, raisins and bran flakes. Many brand manufacturers produce raisin bran using similar ingredients. Ingredients include but are not limited to: Whole grain wheat Raisins Wheat bran Sugar Malt flavor* Minerals including: Potassium chloride, niacinamide, vitamin B6, zinc oxide, riboflavin, thiamin hydrochloride, folic acid, etc. * The use of the broad term "flavor" as listed in the ingredients is vague and can be dangerous for people with unusual food allergies or diet restrictions. Health effects Raisin bran cereal is commonly referred to as a "healthy" breakfast cereal because of its high fiber content, but according to Consumer Reports, Kellogg's Raisin Bran actually has a low nutrition rating. In 1991, Kellogg's complained that WIC program guidelines did not allow for the purchase of Kellogg's Raisin Bran for containing too much sugar. While raisin bran cereal is thought of as a nutritionally healthy breakfast cereal option, it actually has a higher content of sugar than Lucky Charms, Reese's Puffs, and Cocoa Crispies (all known to be "sugary" cereals). On the other hand, Kellogg's Sultana Bran received 4.5 stars out of 5 on the Australian Government's Health Star Rating System. Research suggests that eating commercially-produced raisin bran containing sugared raisins elevates dental acids to plaque-forming levels, while home-made raisin bran, created by adding un-sugared raisins to bran flakes, does not produce this effect. Popular Versions There are several creators and versions of this breakfast cereal, the most popular being Kellogg's. Kellogg's versions: Kellogg's Raisin Bran Original Kellogg's Raisin Bran Crunch Original Kellogg's Raisin Bran Crunch - Vanilla Almond Kellogg's Raisin Bran Cereal with Cranberries Kellogg's Raisin Bran Cereal with Bananas Post's version: Post Raisin Bran Original General Mills' version: Total Raisin Bran Cereal Raisin Nut Bran Cereal Manufacturers Kellogg's Post Consumer Brands General Mills References External links Post Raisin Bran Official website Sultana Bran All-Bran Sultana Bran A quantitative analysis of Kellogg's Raisin Bran (Science Creative Quarterly) Category:Products introduced in 1926 Category:Breakfast cereals Category:Kellogg's cereals	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

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