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-๋๋ค๊ณ ์
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "(informal addressee-raising) An expression used to repeat or stress the speaker's remark.",
"index": "1. -neundagoyo",
"ko": "(๋๋ฃจ๋์์ผ๋ก) ์์ ์ ๋ง์ ๋ํ์ดํ๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ฐ์กฐํ ๋ ์ฐ๋ ํํ."
},
{
"en": "(informal addressee-raising) An expression used to confirm or question another person's remark.",
"index": "2. -neundagoyo",
"ko": "(๋๋ฃจ๋์์ผ๋ก) ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ฌ๋์ ๋ง์ ํ์ธํ๊ฑฐ๋ ๋ฐ์ ธ ๋ฌผ์ ๋ ์ฐ๋ ํํ."
},
{
"en": "(informal addressee-raising) An expression used to show off something to others.",
"index": "3. -neundagoyo",
"ko": "(๋๋ฃจ๋์์ผ๋ก) ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ฌ๋์๊ฒ ์๋ํ๋ฏ์ด ๋งํ ๋ ์ฐ๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋๋ค๊ธฐ์
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "An expression used to indicate that something the speaker heard is the reason or basis for the following statement.",
"index": "-neundagie",
"ko": "๋ค์ ์ฌ์ค์ด ๋ค์ ์ค๋ ๋ง์ ์ด์ ๋ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ์์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋๋ค๊ธธ๋
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "An expression used to say something the speaker heard as the reason or basis for the following statement.",
"index": "-neundagillae",
"ko": "๋ค ๋ด์ฉ์ ์ด์ ๋ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ก ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ฌ๋์๊ฒ ๋ค์ ์ฌ์ค์ ๋งํ ๋ ์ฐ๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋๋ค๋
|
Word
|
[
{
"en": "A sentence-final ending used to convey someone's remark, and imply that it is displeasing or annoying.",
"index": "1. -neundana",
"ko": "๋ค๋ฅธ ์ฌ๋์ ๋ง์ ์ ํ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ ๋ด์ฉ์ด ๋ชป๋ง๋
ํ๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ท์ฐฎ์์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ์ข
๊ฒฐ ์ด๋ฏธ."
},
{
"en": "A sentence-final ending used to say something without certainty and in an indifferent attitude.",
"index": "2. -neundana",
"ko": "์ด๋ค ์ผ์ ๋ํด ๋ฌด๊ด์ฌํ ํ๋๋ก ํ์ ์์ด ๋งํจ์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ์ข
๊ฒฐ ์ด๋ฏธ."
}
] |
-๋๋ค๋จ
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "(formal, highly addressee-lowering) An expression used to refute something lightly.",
"index": "-neundanam",
"ko": "(์์ฃผ๋ฎ์ถค์ผ๋ก) ๊ฐ๋ณ๊ฒ ๋ฐ๋ฐํ๋ ๋ป์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋๋ค๋ค#1
|
Word
|
[
{
"en": "(formal, moderately addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used when the speaker says something that he/she already knows in an objective manner and informs the listener of it.",
"index": "-neundane",
"ko": "(์์ฌ ๋ฎ์ถค์ผ๋ก) ๋งํ๋ ์ฌ๋์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ์๊ณ ์๋ ๊ฒ์ ๊ฐ๊ดํํ์ฌ ๋ฃ๋ ์ฌ๋์๊ฒ ์ผ๋ฌ ์ค์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ์ข
๊ฒฐ ์ด๋ฏธ."
}
] |
-๋๋ค๋ค#2
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "(formal, moderately addressee-lowering) An expression used to tell the listener something the speaker knows from having heard it.",
"index": "-neundane",
"ko": "(์์ฌ ๋ฎ์ถค์ผ๋ก) ๋งํ๋ ์ฌ๋์ด ๋ค์ด์ ์๊ณ ์๋ ๊ฒ์ ๋ฃ๋ ์ฌ๋์๊ฒ ์ ๋ฌํจ์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋๋ค๋๋
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "(formal, highly addressee-lowering) An expression used to ask the listener something the speaker heard from another person to cross-check the information.",
"index": "-neundaneunya",
"ko": "(์์ฃผ๋ฎ์ถค์ผ๋ก) ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ฌ๋์๊ฒ ๋ค์ด์ ์๋ ์ฌ์ค์ ๋ฃ๋ ์ฌ๋์๊ฒ ํ์ธํ๋ฏ์ด ๋ฌป๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋๋ค๋๋
|
Word
|
[
{
"en": "A connective ending referring to doing this and doing that.",
"index": "-neundaneuni",
"ko": "์ด๋ฐ๋ค๊ณ ๋ ํ๊ณ ์ ๋ฐ๋ค๊ณ ๋ ํจ์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ์ฐ๊ฒฐ ์ด๋ฏธ."
}
] |
-๋๋ค๋
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "An expression used to quote someone while modifying the following noun.",
"index": "-neundaneun",
"ko": "๋ค์ ์ฌ์ค์ ์ธ์ฉํ์ฌ ์ ๋ฌํ๋ฉด์ ๊ทธ ๋ค์ ์ค๋ ๋ช
์ฌ๋ฅผ ๊พธ๋ฉฐ ์ค ๋ ์ฐ๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ด
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "An expression used to indicate that a result not intended during the preceding act appears in the following statement.",
"index": "-neundaneun geosi",
"ko": "์์ ๋ง์ด ๋ํ๋ด๋ ํ๋์์ ์๋ํ ๊ฒ๊ณผ๋ ๋ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ ์ด์ด์ง์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋๋ค๋๊ตฌ๋
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "(formal, highly addressee-lowering) An expression used to convey something newly heard to the listener with wonder.",
"index": "-neundaneunguna",
"ko": "(์์ฃผ๋ฎ์ถค์ผ๋ก) ๋ค์ด์ ์๋กญ๊ฒ ์๊ฒ ๋ ์ฌ์ค์ ๊ฐํ์ ๋๋์ ์ค์ด ๋ฃ๋ ์ฌ๋์๊ฒ ์ ํ ๋ ์ฐ๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋๋ค๋๊ตฐ
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "(formal, highly addressee-lowering) An expression used to convey something newly heard to the listener with wonder.",
"index": "-neundaneun-gun",
"ko": "(์์ฃผ๋ฎ์ถค์ผ๋ก) ๋ค์ด์ ์๋กญ๊ฒ ์๊ฒ ๋ ์ฌ์ค์ ๊ฐํ์ ๋๋์ ์ค์ด ๋ฃ๋ ์ฌ๋์๊ฒ ์ ํ ๋ ์ฐ๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋๋ค๋๋ฐ
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "An expression used to convey something heard or quote someone, adding the speaker's own thought or question.",
"index": "1. -neundaneunde",
"ko": "๋ค์ ์ฌ์ค์ ์ ๋ฌํ๊ฑฐ๋ ์ธ์ฉํ๋ฉด์ ์์ ์ ์๊ฐ์ด๋ ์ง๋ฌธ์ ์ด์ด ๋งํ ๋ ์ฐ๋ ํํ."
},
{
"en": "(informal addressee-lowering) An expression used to give the speaker's opinion indirectly by conveying what the speaker heard.",
"index": "2. -neundaneunde",
"ko": "(๋๋ฃจ๋ฎ์ถค์ผ๋ก) ๋ค์ ์ฌ์ค์ ์ ๋ฌํจ์ผ๋ก์จ ๊ฐ์ ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ํ๋ด๊ณ ์ ํ๋ ๋ฐ๋ฅผ ๋งํ ๋ ์ฐ๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋๋ค๋๋ฐ๋
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "An expression used to convey what the speaker heard or someone's opinion, implying that there is a contradictory situation later in the sentence.",
"index": "-neundaneundedo",
"ko": "๋ค์๊ฑฐ๋ ์ฃผ์ฅํ ์ฌ์ค์ ์ ๋ฌํ๋ฉด์ ๋ค์ ๊ทธ์ ๋ฐ๋๋๋ ์ํฉ์ด ์ด์ด์ง์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋๋ค๋๋ฐ์ผ
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "An expression used to indicate that, based on what the speaker heard, the speaker had to say the following thing under the circumstances.",
"index": "-neundaneundeya",
"ko": "๋ค์ ์ฌ์ค์ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ์ฌ ๊ทธ๋ฌํ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์ด์ฉ ์ ์๋ค๋ ๋ฏ์ด ๋ค์ ๋ด์ฉ์ ๋งํจ์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋๋ค๋๋ฐ์
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "(informal addressee-raising) An expression used to give the speaker's opinion indirectly by conveying what the speaker heard.",
"index": "-neundaneundeyo",
"ko": "(๋๋ฃจ๋์์ผ๋ก) ๋ค์ ์ฌ์ค์ ์ ๋ฌํจ์ผ๋ก์จ ๊ฐ์ ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ํ๋ด๊ณ ์ ํ๋ ๋ฐ๋ฅผ ๋งํ ๋ ์ฐ๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋๋ค๋#1
|
Word
|
[
{
"en": "(informal addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used when asking again or admiring an unexpected fact in surprise.",
"index": "-neundani",
"ko": "(๋๋ฃจ๋ฎ์ถค์ผ๋ก) ๋ป๋ฐ์ ์ฌ์ค์ ๋๋ผ์ ๋๋ฌป๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ฐํํ ๋ ์ฐ๋ ์ข
๊ฒฐ ์ด๋ฏธ."
}
] |
-๋๋ค๋#2
|
Word
|
[
{
"en": "(formal, highly addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used to express a question about a certain fact that is assumed to be already given.",
"index": "-neundani",
"ko": "(์์ฃผ๋ฎ์ถค์ผ๋ก) ์ด๋ค ์ฌ์ค์ ์ฃผ์ด์ง ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ์น๊ณ ๊ทธ์ ๋ํ ์๋ฌธ์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ์ข
๊ฒฐ ์ด๋ฏธ."
}
] |
-๋๋ค๋#3
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "An expression used to indicate that the speaker is surprised or impressed by what another person explained or stated.",
"index": "1. -neundani",
"ko": "๋ค๋ฅธ ์ฌ๋์๊ฒ ๋ค์ ์ค๋ช
์ด๋ ์์ ์ ๋ํด ๋งํ๋ ์ฌ๋์ด ๋๋ผ๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ฐํํจ์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ํํ."
},
{
"en": "An expression used to indicate that someone's explanation or statement is the basis for the speaker's judgment.",
"index": "2. -neundani",
"ko": "๋ค๋ฅธ ์ฌ๋์๊ฒ ๋ค์ ์ค๋ช
์ด๋ ์์ ์ด ํ๋จ์ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ์์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋๋ค๋#4
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "(informal addressee-lowering) An expression used to ask the listener about what another person said.",
"index": "-neundani",
"ko": "(๋๋ฃจ๋ฎ์ถค์ผ๋ก) ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ฌ๋์ด ๋งํ ๋ด์ฉ์ ๋ํด ๋ฃ๋ ์ฌ๋์๊ฒ ๋ฌผ์ด๋ณผ ๋ ์ฐ๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋๋ค๋๊น#1
|
Word
|
[
{
"en": "(informal addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used when the speaker emphasizes his/her remark while reconfirming what was said earlier.",
"index": "-neundanikka",
"ko": "(๋๋ฃจ๋ฎ์ถค์ผ๋ก) ์์ ๋งํ ๋ด์ฉ์ ๋ค์ ํ์ธํ๋ฉด์ ๋งํ๋ ์ฌ๋์ด ์์ ์ ๋ง์ ๊ฐ์กฐํจ์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ์ข
๊ฒฐ ์ด๋ฏธ."
}
] |
-๋๋ค๋๊น#2
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "An expression used to quote the speaker's or another person's remarks as the reason or basis for the following statement.",
"index": "-neundanikka",
"ko": "์์ ์ ๋ง์ด๋ ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ฌ๋์ ๋ง์ ๋ค์ ์ค๋ ๋ง์ ์ด์ ๋ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ก ์ธ์ฉํจ์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋๋ค๋๊น๋
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "(informal addressee-lowering) An expression used to stress the speaker's position or opinion, when the speaker is questioned or given some request repeatedly.",
"index": "1. -neundanikkaneun",
"ko": "(๋๋ฃจ๋ฎ์ถค์ผ๋ก) ๋ฐ๋ณต์ ์ผ๋ก ์ง๋ฌธ์ด๋ ์๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๋ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ ๋งํ๋ ์ฌ๋์ด ์์ ์ ์
์ฅ์ด๋ ์๊ฒฌ์ ๋ค์ ํ๋ฒ ๊ฐ์กฐํจ์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ํํ."
},
{
"en": "An expression used to stress that the speaker is quoting the speaker's or another person's remarks as a reason or basis.",
"index": "2. -neundanikkaneun",
"ko": "์์ ์ ๋ง์ด๋ ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ฌ๋์ ๋ง์ ์ด์ ๋ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ก ์ธ์ฉํจ์ ๊ฐ์กฐํ์ฌ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋๋ค๋๊น์
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "(informal addressee-raising) An expression used when the speaker emphasizes his/her remark while reconfirming what was said earlier.",
"index": "-neundanikkyo",
"ko": "(๋๋ฃจ๋์์ผ๋ก) ์์ ๋งํ ๋ด์ฉ์ ๋ค์ ํ์ธํ๋ฉด์ ๋งํ๋ ์ฌ๋์ด ์์ ์ ๋ง์ ๊ฐ์กฐํจ์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋๋ค๋๊น
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "(informal addressee-lowering) An expression used to stress the speaker's position or opinion, when the speaker is questioned or given some request repeatedly.",
"index": "1. -neundanikkan",
"ko": "(๋๋ฃจ๋ฎ์ถค์ผ๋ก) ๋ฐ๋ณต์ ์ผ๋ก ์ง๋ฌธ์ด๋ ์๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๋ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ ๋งํ๋ ์ฌ๋์ด ์์ ์ ์
์ฅ์ด๋ ์๊ฒฌ์ ๋ค์ ํ๋ฒ ๊ฐ์กฐํจ์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ํํ."
},
{
"en": "An expression used to stress that the speaker is quoting the speaker's or another person's remarks as a reason or basis.",
"index": "2. -neundanikkan",
"ko": "์์ ์ ๋ง์ด๋ ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ฌ๋์ ๋ง์ ์ด์ ๋ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ก ์ธ์ฉํจ์ ๊ฐ์กฐํ์ฌ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋๋ค๋์
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "(informal addressee-raising) An expression used to indicate that the speaker is surprised or impressed by something, because it is unexpected.",
"index": "-neundaniyo",
"ko": "(๋๋ฃจ๋์์ผ๋ก) ๋ป๋ฐ์ ์ผ์ด๋ผ์ ๋๋ผ๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ฐํํจ์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋๋ค๋๊ตฐ
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "(informal addressee-lowering) An expression used to convey a newly learned fact to the listener.",
"index": "-neundadeogun",
"ko": "(๋๋ฃจ๋ฎ์ถค์ผ๋ก) ๋ค์ด์ ์๋กญ๊ฒ ์๊ฒ ๋ ์ฌ์ค์ ๋ฃ๋ ์ฌ๋์๊ฒ ์ ํ ๋ ์ฐ๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋๋ค๋๊ตฐ์
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "(informal addressee-raising) An expression used to convey a newly learned fact to the listener.",
"index": "-neundadeogunyo",
"ko": "(๋๋ฃจ๋์์ผ๋ก) ๋ค์ด์ ์๋กญ๊ฒ ์๊ฒ ๋ ์ฌ์ค์ ๋ฃ๋ ์ฌ๋์๊ฒ ์ ํ ๋ ์ฐ๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋๋ค๋๋
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "(formal, highly addressee-lowering) An expression used to question what is being stated, hinting strongly that the opposite is true.",
"index": "1. -neundadeonya",
"ko": "(์์ฃผ๋ฎ์ถค์ผ๋ก) ๋ฐ๋ฌธํ๋ฏ์ด ๋ฌผ์์ผ๋ก์จ ๋งํ๋ ๊ฒ๊ณผ ๋ฐ๋์ ์๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐํ๊ฒ ์ฃผ์ฅํ ๋ ์ฐ๋ ํํ."
},
{
"en": "(formal, highly addressee-lowering) An expression used to ask the listener about what the listener saw or heard.",
"index": "2. -neundadeonya",
"ko": "(์์ฃผ๋ฎ์ถค์ผ๋ก) ๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋ ๋ค์ ์ฌ์ค์ ๋ํด ๋ฌผ์ด๋ณผ ๋ ์ฐ๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋๋ค๋๋
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "An expression used to mention something the speaker knows from having heard it and connect this to the following content.",
"index": "1. -neundadeoni",
"ko": "๋ค์ด์ ์๊ณ ์๋ ์ฌ์ค์ ์ธ๊ธํ๋ฉฐ ๋ค์ ๋ง์ ์ด์ด ๋งํ ๋ ์ฐ๋ ํํ."
},
{
"en": "An expression used to quote and confirm a well-known maxim, etc.",
"index": "2. -neundadeoni",
"ko": "์ด๋ฏธ ์ ์๋ ค์ง ํํ์ ์ฐ๋ฉด์ ๊ทธ ๋ง์ด ๋ง๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋๋ค๋๋ผ
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "(formal, highly addressee-lowering) A sentence-closing ending used when the speaker conveys what he/she heard to the listener.",
"index": "-neundadeora",
"ko": "(์์ฃผ๋ฎ์ถค์ผ๋ก) ๋งํ๋ ์ฌ๋์ด ๋ค์ ๊ฒ์ ๋ฃ๋ ์ฌ๋์๊ฒ ์ ๋ฌํจ์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋๋ค๋๋ผ๊ณ
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "(informal addressee-lowering) An expression used to say something the speaker remembers from having heard it in person.",
"index": "-neundadeorago",
"ko": "(๋๋ฃจ๋ฎ์ถค์ผ๋ก) ์ง์ ๋ค์ด์ ์๊ฒ ๋ ์ผ์ ํ์ํ์ฌ ๋งํจ์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋๋ค๋
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "(formal, highly addressee-lowering) An expression used to ask the listener about what the speaker thinks the listener knows.",
"index": "1. -neundadeon",
"ko": "(์์ฃผ๋ฎ์ถค์ผ๋ก) ๋ฃ๋ ์ฌ๋์ด ์๊ณ ์์ ๊ฒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ์๊ฐํ๋ ์ผ์ ๋ํด ๋ฌผ์ด๋ด์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ํํ."
},
{
"en": "(formal, highly addressee-lowering) An expression used to strongly deny, repulse, or question the preceding content.",
"index": "2. -neundadeon",
"ko": "(์์ฃผ๋ฎ์ถค์ผ๋ก) ์์ ๋ด์ฉ์ ๊ฐํ๊ฒ ๋ถ์ ํ๊ฑฐ๋ ๋ฐ๋ฐํ์ฌ ์๋ฌธ์ ์ ๊ธฐํจ์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ํํ."
},
{
"en": "An expression used to remember what the speaker heard in the past and modify the following content.",
"index": "3. -neundadeon",
"ko": "๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ ๋ค์ ์ฌ์ค์ ๋ ์ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ๋ค์ ์ค๋ ๋ง์ ๊พธ๋ฐ ๋ ์ฐ๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋๋ค๋๊ฐ
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "(formal, moderately addressee-lowering) An expression used to ask the listener something to check the information.",
"index": "1. -neundadeon-ga",
"ko": "(์์ฌ ๋ฎ์ถค์ผ๋ก) ์ด๋ค ์ฌ์ค์ ๋ฃ๋ ์ฌ๋์๊ฒ ํ์ธํ์ฌ ๋ฌผ์ด๋ด์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ํํ."
},
{
"en": "An expression used to talk to oneself or try to remember while looking back on the past.",
"index": "2. -neundadeon-ga",
"ko": "์ง๋๊ฐ ์ผ์ ํ์ํ๋ฉด์ ํผ์ฃ๋งํ๋ฏ ๋ง์์์ผ๋ก ๋ฌผ์ด๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋ ๋ ์ฌ๋ ค ๋ด์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋๋ค๋๋ฐ
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "An expression used to mention what the speaker heard from another person and relate it to the following content.",
"index": "1. -neundadeonde",
"ko": "๋ค๋ฅธ ์ฌ๋์ผ๋ก๋ถํฐ ๋ค์ ์ฌ์ค์ ์ธ๊ธํ๋ฉด์ ๋ค์ ๋ด์ฉ์ ๊ด๊ณ ์ง์ด ๋งํจ์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ํํ."
},
{
"en": "(informal addressee-lowering) An expression used to indirectly express what the speaker wants to say, by conveying what the speaker heard, in an unfinished sentence.",
"index": "2. -neundadeonde",
"ko": "(๋๋ฃจ๋ฎ์ถค์ผ๋ก) ์ด์ ์ ๋ค์ ์ฌ์ค์ ์ฌ์ด์ ๋จ๊ธฐ๋ฉด์ ์ ๋ฌํจ์ผ๋ก์จ ๋งํ๊ณ ์ ํ๋ ๋ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ํ๋ผ ๋ ์ฐ๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋๋ค๋๋ฐ์
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "(informal addressee-raising) An expression used to indirectly express what the speaker wants to say, by conveying what the speaker heard, in an unfinished sentence.",
"index": "-neundadeondeyo",
"ko": "(๋๋ฃจ๋์์ผ๋ก) ์ด์ ์ ๋ค์ ์ฌ์ค์ ์ฌ์ด์ ๋จ๊ธฐ๋ฉด์ ์ ๋ฌํจ์ผ๋ก์จ ๋งํ๊ณ ์ ํ๋ ๋ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ํ๋ผ ๋ ์ฐ๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋๋ค๋ฐ
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "(formal, moderately addressee-lowering) An expression used to repeat what the speaker heard, as it is.",
"index": "-neundade",
"ko": "(์์ฌ ๋ฎ์ถค์ผ๋ก) ์ด์ ์ ๋ค์ด์ ์๊ฒ ๋ ์ฌ์ค์ ๊ทธ๋๋ก ์ฎ๊ฒจ ์์ ๋งํ ๋ ์ฐ๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋๋ค๋ ๊ฐ
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "An expression used to choose one out of two choices.",
"index": "1. -neundadeun-ga",
"ko": "๋ ๊ฐ์ง ์ฌ์ค ๊ฐ์ด๋ฐ ์ด๋ ํ๋๋ฅผ ์ ํํจ์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ํํ."
},
{
"en": "An expression used to indicate that it does not matter whether one chooses any of many choices.",
"index": "2. -neundadeun-ga",
"ko": "์ฌ๋ฌ ์ฌ์ค ์ค์ ์ด๋ ๊ฒ์ ์ ํํ๊ฑฐ๋ ์ด๋ ๊ฒ์ ํด๋นํด๋ ์๊ด์ด ์์์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋๋ค๋ ์ง
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "An expression used to choose one out of two choices.",
"index": "1. -neundadeunji",
"ko": "๋ ๊ฐ์ง ์ฌ์ค ๊ฐ์ด๋ฐ ์ด๋ ํ๋๋ฅผ ์ ํํจ์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ํํ."
},
{
"en": "An expression used to indicate that it does not matter whether one chooses any of many choices.",
"index": "2. -neundadeunji",
"ko": "์ฌ๋ฌ ์ฌ์ค ์ค์ ์ด๋ ๊ฒ์ ์ ํํ๊ฑฐ๋ ์ด๋ ๊ฒ์ ํด๋นํด๋ ์๊ด์ด ์์์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋๋ค๋
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "(formal, highly addressee-lowering) An expression used to ask the listener what another person said.",
"index": "-neundadi",
"ko": "(์์ฃผ๋ฎ์ถค์ผ๋ก) ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ฌ๋์ด ๋ฌด์จ ๋ง์ ํ๋์ง ๋ฌผ์ด๋ณผ ๋ ์ฐ๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋๋ค๋ง๋
|
Word
|
[
{
"en": "A connective ending used when recognizing the truth of the preceding statement and adding something that is contrary or irrelevant to it.",
"index": "-neundamaneun",
"ko": "์์ ์ค๋ ๋ง์ ์ธ์ ํ๋ฉด์ ๊ทธ์ ๋ฐ๋๋๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ด๊ณ์๋ ๋ด์ฉ์ ๋ง๋ถ์ฌ ๋งํ ๋ ์ฐ๋ ์ฐ๊ฒฐ ์ด๋ฏธ."
}
] |
-๋๋ค๋ง
|
Word
|
[
{
"en": "A connective ending used when recognizing the truth of the preceding statement and adding something that is contrary or irrelevant to it.",
"index": "-neundaman",
"ko": "์์ ์ค๋ ๋ง์ ์ธ์ ํ๋ฉด์ ๊ทธ์ ๋ฐ๋๋๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ด๊ณ์๋ ๋ด์ฉ์ ๋ง๋ถ์ฌ ๋งํ ๋ ์ฐ๋ ์ฐ๊ฒฐ ์ด๋ฏธ."
}
] |
-๋๋ค๋ฉฐ#1
|
Word
|
[
{
"en": "(informal addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used when the speaker confirms and asks questions about a fact that he/she heard.",
"index": "-neundamyeo",
"ko": "(๋๋ฃจ๋ฎ์ถค์ผ๋ก) ๋งํ๋ ์ฌ๋์ด ๋ค์ด์ ์๋ ์ฌ์ค์ ํ์ธํ์ฌ ๋ฌผ์์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ์ข
๊ฒฐ ์ด๋ฏธ."
}
] |
-๋๋ค๋ฉฐ#2
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "An expression used to ask if the current situation is different from what the listener or another person said before.",
"index": "1. -neundamyeo",
"ko": "๋ฃ๋ ์ฌ๋์ด๋ ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ฌ๋์ด ์ด์ ์ ํ๋ ๋ง์ด ์์์ด๋ ์ง๊ธ์ ์ํฉ๊ณผ ๋ค๋ฆ์ ๋ฐ์ ธ ๋ฌผ์ ๋ ์ฐ๋ ํํ."
},
{
"en": "An expression used to indicate that another person was saying something, while doing a certain act at the same time.",
"index": "2. -neundamyeo",
"ko": "๋ค๋ฅธ ์ฌ๋์ด ์ด๋ค ๋ง์ ํ๋ฉด์ ํจ๊ป ์ด๋ค ํ๋์ ํ๋ ๊ฒ์ ๋ํ๋ผ ๋ ์ฐ๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋๋ค๋ฉด#1
|
Word
|
[
{
"en": "A connective ending used when assuming a certain fact or situation.",
"index": "-neundamyeon",
"ko": "์ด๋ ํ ์ฌ์ค์ด๋ ์ํฉ์ ๊ฐ์ ํ๋ ๋ป์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ์ฐ๊ฒฐ ์ด๋ฏธ."
}
] |
-๋๋ค๋ฉด#2
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "An expression used to assume that someone will express his/her thought or will, which becomes the condition for the following statement.",
"index": "-neundamyeon",
"ko": "๋๊ตฐ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ด๋ค ์๊ฐ์ด๋ ์์ง๋ฅผ ๋ฐํ๋ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ ํ์ฌ ๊ทธ๊ฒ์ด ๋ค์ ์ค๋ ๋ง์ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ๋จ์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋๋ค๋ฉด์#1
|
Word
|
[
{
"en": "(informal addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used when the speaker confirms and asks questions about a fact that he/she heard.",
"index": "-neundamyeonseo",
"ko": "(๋๋ฃจ๋ฎ์ถค์ผ๋ก) ๋งํ๋ ์ฌ๋์ด ๋ค์ด์ ์๋ ์ฌ์ค์ ํ์ธํ์ฌ ๋ฌผ์์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ์ข
๊ฒฐ ์ด๋ฏธ."
}
] |
-๋๋ค๋ฉด์#2
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "An expression used to ask if the current situation is different from what the listener or another person said before.",
"index": "1. -neundamyeonseo",
"ko": "๋ฃ๋ ์ฌ๋์ด๋ ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ฌ๋์ด ์ด์ ์ ํ๋ ๋ง์ด ์์์ด๋ ์ง๊ธ์ ์ํฉ๊ณผ ๋ค๋ฆ์ ๋ฐ์ ธ ๋ฌผ์ ๋ ์ฐ๋ ํํ."
},
{
"en": "An expression used to indicate that another person is saying something, while doing a certain act at the same time.",
"index": "2. -neundamyeonseo",
"ko": "๋ค๋ฅธ ์ฌ๋์ด ์ด๋ค ๋ง์ ํ๋ฉด์ ํจ๊ป ์ด๋ค ํ๋์ ํ๋ ๊ฒ์ ๋ํ๋ผ ๋ ์ฐ๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋๋ค์ค#1
|
Word
|
[
{
"en": "(formal, moderately addressee-raising) A sentence-final ending used when the speaker says something that he/she already knows in an objective manner and conveys it to the listener.",
"index": "-neundao",
"ko": "(์์ฌ ๋์์ผ๋ก) ๋งํ๋ ์ฌ๋์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ์๊ณ ์๋ ๊ฒ์ ๊ฐ๊ดํํ์ฌ ๋ฃ๋ ์ฌ๋์๊ฒ ์ ๋ฌํจ์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ์ข
๊ฒฐ ์ด๋ฏธ."
}
] |
-๋๋ค์ค#2
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "(formal, moderately addressee-raising) An expression used to convey what the speaker heard from another person to the listener.",
"index": "-neundao",
"ko": "(์์ฌ ๋์์ผ๋ก) ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ฌ๋์๊ฒ ๋ค์ ์ฌ์ค์ ๋ฃ๋ ์ฌ๋์๊ฒ ์ ํ ๋ ์ฐ๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋๋ค์ฃ
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "(informal addressee-raising) An expression used when the speaker confirms and asks questions about a fact that he/she already knows.",
"index": "-neundajo",
"ko": "(๋๋ฃจ๋์์ผ๋ก) ๋งํ๋ ์ฌ๋์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ์๊ณ ์๋ ์ฌ์ค์ ํ์ธํ์ฌ ๋ฌผ์ ๋ ์ฐ๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋๋ค์ง#1
|
Word
|
[
{
"en": "(informal addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used when the speaker confirms and asks questions about a fact that he/she already knows.",
"index": "-neundaji",
"ko": "(๋๋ฃจ๋ฎ์ถค์ผ๋ก) ๋งํ๋ ์ฌ๋์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ์๊ณ ์๋ ์ฌ์ค์ ํ์ธํ์ฌ ๋ฌผ์ ๋ ์ฐ๋ ์ข
๊ฒฐ ์ด๋ฏธ."
}
] |
-๋๋ค์ง#2
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "(informal addressee-lowering) An expression used to ask the listener again, or confirm what the speaker heard earlier.",
"index": "-neundaji",
"ko": "(๋๋ฃจ๋ฎ์ถค์ผ๋ก) ์ด์ ์ ๋ค์ ์ด๋ค ์ฌ์ค์ ๋ฃ๋ ์ฌ๋์๊ฒ ๋ค์ ๋ฌป๊ฑฐ๋ ํ์ธํ์ฌ ๋งํ ๋ ์ฐ๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋๋ค์ง๋ง
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "An expression used to indicate that the speaker knows something from having heard it and accepts it as true, but the following content is a situation or content that is not the same as the speaker's thoughts.",
"index": "-neundajiman",
"ko": "๋ค์ด์ ์๊ณ ์๊ฑฐ๋ ์ธ์ ํ๋ ์ฌ์ค์ด์ง๋ง ๋ค์ ์ค๋ ๋ง์ด ๋ํ๋ด๋ ์ค์ ์ ์ํฉ์ด๋ ์๊ฐ๊ณผ๋ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ ์์ ๋ ์ฐ๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋๋ค์ง์
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "(informal addressee-raising) An expression used when the speaker confirms and asks questions about a fact that he/she already knows.",
"index": "-neundajiyo",
"ko": "(๋๋ฃจ๋์์ผ๋ก) ๋งํ๋ ์ฌ๋์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ์๊ณ ์๋ ์ฌ์ค์ ํ์ธํ์ฌ ๋ฌผ์ ๋ ์ฐ๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋๋จ
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "An expression used to express a certain fact or thought, which modifies the following statement.",
"index": "-neundan",
"ko": "์ด๋ค ์ฌ์ค์ด๋ ์๊ฐํ๋ ๋ด์ฉ์ ์ ํ๋ฉฐ ๋ค์ ์ค๋ ๋ง์ ๊พธ๋ฐ ๋ ์ฐ๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋๋จ๋ค#1
|
Word
|
[
{
"en": "(formal, highly addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used when the speaker talks about a fact that he/she already knows in an objective manner and conveys it to the listener.",
"index": "-neundanda",
"ko": "(์์ฃผ๋ฎ์ถค์ผ๋ก) ๋งํ๋ ์ฌ๋์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ์๋ ์ฌ์ค์ ๊ฐ๊ดํํ์ฌ ์ ๋ฌํจ์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ์ข
๊ฒฐ ์ด๋ฏธ."
}
] |
-๋๋จ๋ค#2
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "(formal, highly addressee-lowering) An expression used to tell the listener something the speaker knows from having heard it from another person.",
"index": "-neundanda",
"ko": "(์์ฃผ๋ฎ์ถค์ผ๋ก) ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ฌ๋์๊ฒ ๋ค์ด์ ์๊ณ ์๋ ์ฌ์ค์ ๋ฃ๋ ์ฌ๋์๊ฒ ์ ํ ๋ ์ฐ๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋๋ฌ
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "An expression used to assume that someone will do a certain act or make a certain statement, which modifies the following statement.",
"index": "-neundal",
"ko": "๋๊ตฐ๊ฐ๊ฐ ํ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ์์๋๋ ํ๋์ด๋ ๋ง์ ๊ฐ์ ํ์ฌ ์ ํ๋ฉด์ ๋ค์ ์ค๋ ๋ง์ ๊พธ๋ฐ ๋ ์ฐ๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋๋ด
|
Word
|
[
{
"en": "(formal, highly addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used when asking oneself or complaining about a certain fact.",
"index": "-neundam",
"ko": "(์์ฃผ๋ฎ์ถค์ผ๋ก) ์ด๋ ํ ์ฌ์ค์ ๋ํด ์์ ์๊ฒ ๋ฌป๊ฑฐ๋ ๋ถํํจ์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ์ข
๊ฒฐ ์ด๋ฏธ."
}
] |
-๋๋ต๋๊น#1
|
Word
|
[
{
"en": "(formal, highly addressee-raising) A sentence-final ending used when asking questions about the affirmation or negation of a certain fact, supposing that it is already given.",
"index": "-neundamnikka",
"ko": "(์์ฃผ๋์์ผ๋ก) ์ด๋ค ์ฌ์ค์ด ์ฃผ์ด์ง ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ์๊ฐํ๊ณ ๊ทธ ์ฌ์ค์ ๋ํ ๊ฐํ ๊ธ์ ์ด๋ ๋ถ์ ์ ๋ํ์ฌ ์๋ฌธ์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ์ข
๊ฒฐ ์ด๋ฏธ."
}
] |
-๋๋ต๋๊น#2
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "(formal, highly addressee-raising) An expression used to ask about what the listener heard before.",
"index": "-neundamnikka",
"ko": "(์์ฃผ๋์์ผ๋ก) ๋ฃ๋ ์ฌ๋์ด ์ด์ ์ ๋ค์ ์ฌ์ค์ ๋ํด ๋ฌผ์ ๋ ์ฐ๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋๋ต๋๋ค#1
|
Word
|
[
{
"en": "(formal, highly addressee-raising) A sentence-final ending used when the speaker says something that he/she already knows in an objective manner and informs the listener of it.",
"index": "-neundamnida",
"ko": "(์์ฃผ๋์์ผ๋ก) ๋งํ๋ ์ฌ๋์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ์๊ณ ์๋ ๊ฒ์ ๊ฐ๊ดํํ์ฌ ๋ฃ๋ ์ฌ๋์๊ฒ ์ผ๋ฌ ์ค์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ์ข
๊ฒฐ ์ด๋ฏธ."
}
] |
-๋๋ต๋๋ค#2
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "(formal, highly addressee-raising) An expression used to tell the listener something the speaker knows from having heard it.",
"index": "-neundamnida",
"ko": "(์์ฃผ๋์์ผ๋ก) ๋งํ๋ ์ฌ๋์ด ๋ค์ด์ ์๊ณ ์๋ ๊ฒ์ ๋ฃ๋ ์ฌ๋์๊ฒ ์ ๋ฌํจ์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋๋ต๋๊น
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "(formal, highly addressee-raising) An expression used to ask the listener what the listener heard in the past.",
"index": "-neundapdikka",
"ko": "(์์ฃผ๋์์ผ๋ก) ๋ฃ๋ ์ฌ๋์ด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ ๋ค์ ์ฌ์ค์ ๋ํด ๋ฌผ์ ๋ ์ฐ๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋๋ต๋๋ค
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "(formal, moderately addressee-raising) An expression used to pass along a message or fact that the speaker heard earlier.",
"index": "-neundapdida",
"ko": "(์์ฌ ๋์์ผ๋ก) ์ด์ ์ ์ง์ ๋ค์ ๋ด์ฉ์ด๋ ์ฌ์ค์ ์ ํ ๋ ์ฐ๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋๋ต์๊ณ
|
Word
|
[
{
"en": "A connective ending used when the speaker is displeased about the subject claiming that the preceding statement is the reason for the following action.",
"index": "-neundapsigo",
"ko": "์ฃผ์ด๊ฐ ์์ ๋ง์ ๋ค์ ๋ง์ด ๋ํ๋ด๋ ํ๋์ ๋ํ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ ๋ด์ธ์ฐ๋ ๊ฒ์ ๋งํ๋ ์ฌ๋์ด ๋ชป๋ง๋
ํ๊ฒ ๋ด์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ์ฐ๊ฒฐ ์ด๋ฏธ."
}
] |
-๋๋#1
|
Word
|
[
{
"en": "(informal addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used when strongly denying the fact of the preceding statement or raising a question about it.",
"index": "-neundae",
"ko": "(๋๋ฃจ๋ฎ์ถค์ผ๋ก) ์์ ๋ง์ด ๋ํ๋ด๋ ์ฌ์ค์ ๋ํ์ฌ ๊ฐํ๊ฒ ๋ถ์ ํ๊ฑฐ๋ ์๋ฌธ์ ์ ๊ธฐํ ๋ ์ฐ๋ ์ข
๊ฒฐ ์ด๋ฏธ."
}
] |
-๋๋#2
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "(informal addressee-lowering) An expression used to indirectly tell something the speaker heard from another person.",
"index": "1. -neundae",
"ko": "(๋๋ฃจ๋ฎ์ถค์ผ๋ก) ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ฌ๋์ด ๋งํ ๋ด์ฉ์ ๊ฐ์ ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ ํ ๋ ์ฐ๋ ํํ."
},
{
"en": "(informal addressee-lowering) An expression used to ask about something the listener knows from having heard it.",
"index": "2. -neundae",
"ko": "(๋๋ฃจ๋ฎ์ถค์ผ๋ก) ๋ฃ๋ ์ฌ๋์ด ์ด์ ์ ๋ค์ด์ ์๊ณ ์๋ ์ฌ์ค์ ๋ฌผ์ด๋ณผ ๋ ์ฐ๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋๋๋
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "An expression used to indicate that, although the preceding statement assumes a certain situation or presents a real situation, it does not affect the following statement.",
"index": "-neundaedo",
"ko": "์์ ์ค๋ ๋ง์ด ์ด๋ค ์ํฉ์ ๊ฐ์ ํ๊ฑฐ๋ ์ค์ ์ํฉ์ ์ ์ํ์ง๋ง ๋ค์ ์ค๋ ๋ง์ ์๋ฌด๋ฐ ์ํฅ์ ๋ผ์น์ง ์์์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋ ๋๋ก
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "An expression used to indicate that something is the same as the present act or state mentioned in the preceding statement.",
"index": "1. -neun daero",
"ko": "์์ ์ค๋ ๋ง์ด ๋ปํ๋ ํ์ฌ์ ํ๋์ด๋ ์ํฉ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ํํ."
},
{
"en": "An expression used to indicate someone does something upon or soon after the moment of a certain act or state.",
"index": "2. -neun daero",
"ko": "์ด๋ค ํ๋์ด๋ ์ํฉ์ด ๋ํ๋๋ ๊ทธ๋ ๋ฐ๋ก, ๋๋ ์งํ์ ๊ณง์ ๋ป์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ํํ."
},
{
"en": "An expression used to indicate each and every act or state that appears.",
"index": "3. -neun daero",
"ko": "์ด๋ค ํ๋์ด๋ ์ํฉ์ด ๋ํ๋๋ ํ๋ํ๋์ ๋ป์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ํํ."
},
{
"en": "An expression used to indicate one does something as best as one can.",
"index": "4. -neun daero",
"ko": "ํ ์ ์๋ ๋งํผ ์ต๋ํ์ ๋ป์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋๋์
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "An expression used to indicate that the following content is based on what was heard from another person.",
"index": "-neundaeseo",
"ko": "๋ค๋ฅธ ์ฌ๋์๊ฒ ๋ค์ ๋ด์ฉ์ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ก ๋ค์ ๋ด์ฉ์ ์ ๊ฐํจ์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋๋์์ผ
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "An expression used to question or make a negative judgment on what the speaker heard or learned.",
"index": "-neundaeseoya",
"ko": "๋ฃ๊ฑฐ๋ ์๊ฒ ๋ ์ฌ์ค์ ๋ํด ์๋ฌธ์ ์ ๊ธฐํ๊ฑฐ๋ ๋ถ์ ์ ์ผ๋ก ํ๋จํจ์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋ ๋์ ์
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "An expression used to indicate that the states and behaviors mentioned in the preceding statement and the following statement are different or opposites.",
"index": "1. -neun daesine",
"ko": "์์ ์ค๋ ๋ง๊ณผ ๋ค์ ์ค๋ ๋ง์ด ๋ํ๋ด๋ ์ํ๋ ํ๋ ๋ฑ์ด ์๋ก ๋ค๋ฅด๊ฑฐ๋ ๋ฐ๋์์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ํํ."
},
{
"en": "An expression used to offer something similar to make up for a behavior or state mentioned in the preceding statement.",
"index": "2. -neun daesine",
"ko": "์์ ์ค๋ ๋ง์ด ๋ํ๋ด๋ ํ๋์ด๋ ์ํ๋ฅผ ๋น์ทํ๊ฑฐ๋ ๋ง๋จน๋ ๋ค๋ฅธ ํ๋์ด๋ ์ํ๋ก ๋ฐ๊พธ๋ ๊ฒ์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋๋์ผ
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "An expression used to indicate that the preceding statement is the requirement for the following statement.",
"index": "1. -neundaeya",
"ko": "์์ ์ค๋ ๋ง์ด ๋ค์ ์ค๋ ๋ง์ ์กฐ๊ฑด์์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ํํ."
},
{
"en": "An expression used to indicate that an assumed situation is not that serious nor difficult.",
"index": "2. -neundaeya",
"ko": "์ด๋ค ์ํฉ์ ๊ฐ์ ํ์ ๋ ๊ทธ๊ฒ์ด ๋ณ๋ก ์ฌ๊ฐํ๊ฑฐ๋ ์ด๋ ค์ด ๊ฒ์ด ์๋์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋๋์#1
|
Word
|
[
{
"en": "(informal addressee-raising) A sentence-final ending used when the speaker talks about something that he/she knows.",
"index": "-neundaeyo",
"ko": "(๋๋ฃจ๋์์ผ๋ก) ๋งํ๋ ์ฌ๋์ด ์๊ณ ์๋ ๊ฒ์ ์ผ๋ฌ๋ฐ์นจ์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ์ข
๊ฒฐ ์ด๋ฏธ."
}
] |
-๋๋์#2
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "(informal addressee-raising) An expression used to indirectly tell something the speaker heard from another person.",
"index": "1. -neundaeyo",
"ko": "(๋๋ฃจ๋์์ผ๋ก) ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ฌ๋์ด ๋งํ ๋ด์ฉ์ ๊ฐ์ ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ ํ ๋ ์ฐ๋ ํํ."
},
{
"en": "(informal addressee-raising) An expression used to ask about something the listener knows from having heard it.",
"index": "2. -neundaeyo",
"ko": "(๋๋ฃจ๋์์ผ๋ก) ๋ฃ๋ ์ฌ๋์ด ์ด์ ์ ๋ค์ด์ ์๊ณ ์๋ ์ฌ์ค์ ๋ฌผ์ด๋ณผ ๋ ์ฐ๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋๋๋๋ฐ
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "An expression used to express what the speaker heard in the past, implying that the following content is opposite to or related to the content.",
"index": "-neundaetneunde",
"ko": "๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ ๋ค์๋ ๋ง์ ๋ด์ฉ์ ์ ํ๋ฉด์ ๋ค์ ๊ทธ ๋ง์ ๋ด์ฉ๊ณผ ๋๋ฆฝ๋๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ด๋ จ๋๋ ์ฌ์ค์ด ์ด์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋๋์
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "An expression used to indicate that, although the speaker accepts the preceding statement, it is below their expectations or of little value.",
"index": "-neundaetja",
"ko": "์์ ์ค๋ ๋ง์ ์ธ์ ํ๋ค๊ณ ํด๋ ๊ธฐ๋์ ๋ชป ๋ฏธ์น๊ฑฐ๋ ๋ณ๊ฒ ์๋๋ผ๋ ๊ฒ์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋๋ฐ
|
Word
|
[
{
"en": "A connective ending used to talk in advance about a situation to follow.",
"index": "1. -neunde",
"ko": "๋ค์ ๋ง์ ํ๊ธฐ ์ํ์ฌ ๊ทธ ๋์๊ณผ ๊ด๋ จ์ด ์๋ ์ํฉ์ ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ๋งํจ์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ์ฐ๊ฒฐ ์ด๋ฏธ."
},
{
"en": "(informal addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used to admire something while anticipating the listener's response.",
"index": "2. -neunde",
"ko": "(๋๋ฃจ๋ฎ์ถค์ผ๋ก) ๋ฃ๋ ์ฌ๋์ ๋ฐ์์ ๊ธฐ๋ํ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ค ์ผ์ ๋ํด ๊ฐํํจ์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ์ข
๊ฒฐ ์ด๋ฏธ."
},
{
"en": "A sentence-final ending used to ask for a certain answer.",
"index": "3. -neunde",
"ko": "์ผ์ ํ ๋๋ต์ ์๊ตฌํ๋ฉฐ ๋ฌผ์ด๋ณด๋ ๋ป์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ์ข
๊ฒฐ ์ด๋ฏธ."
}
] |
-๋ ๋ฐ๋ค๊ฐ
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "An expression used to indicate that a certain act or state has been added to its preceding act or state, making it worse or better.",
"index": "-neun dedaga",
"ko": "์์ ์ค๋ ๋ง์ด ๋ํ๋ด๋ ํ๋์ด๋ ์ํ์ ๋ค๋ฅธ ํ๋์ด๋ ์ํ๊ฐ ๋ง๋ถ์ฌ์ ธ์ ์ ๋๊ฐ ๋ ์ฌํด์ง์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋๋ฐ๋
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "An expression used to indicate that the following situation will occur, regardless of the preceding situation.",
"index": "-neundedo",
"ko": "์์ ์ค๋ ๋ง์ด ๋ํ๋ด๋ ์ํฉ์ ์๊ด์์ด ๋ค์ ์ค๋ ๋ง์ด ๋ํ๋ด๋ ์ํฉ์ด ์ผ์ด๋จ์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋๋ฐ๋ ๋ถ๊ตฌํ๊ณ
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "An expression used to indicate that the following content is different from or the opposite of what was expected in the preceding statement.",
"index": "-neundedo bulguhago",
"ko": "์์ ์ค๋ ๋ง์ ๋ด์ฉ์์ ๊ธฐ๋ํ ์ ์๋ ๊ฒ๊ณผ ๋ค๋ฅด๊ฑฐ๋ ๋ฐ๋๋๋ ์ฌ์ค์ด ๋ค์ ์ด์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋๋ฐ์ผ
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "An expression used to indicate that because of the preceding situation, the speaker has no choice but to accept the following one.",
"index": "-neundeya",
"ko": "์์ ์ค๋ ๋ง์ด ๋ํ๋ด๋ ์ํ ๋๋ฌธ์ ๋ค์ ์ค๋ ๋ง์ด ๋ํ๋ด๋ ์ํ๋ ์ด์ฉ ์ ์์์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋๋ฐ์
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "(informal addressee-raising) An expression used to tell an unexpected fact with wonder.",
"index": "1. -neundeyo",
"ko": "(๋๋ฃจ๋์์ผ๋ก) ์์ธ๋ผ ๋๊ปด์ง๋ ์ด๋ค ์ฌ์ค์ ๊ฐํํ์ฌ ๋งํ ๋ ์ฐ๋ ํํ."
},
{
"en": "(informal addressee-raising) An expression used to demand an answer from the listener.",
"index": "2. -neundeyo",
"ko": "(๋๋ฃจ๋์์ผ๋ก) ๋ฃ๋ ์ฌ๋์๊ฒ ์ด๋ค ๋๋ต์ ์๊ตฌํ ๋ ์ฐ๋ ํํ."
},
{
"en": "(informal addressee-raising) An expression used to tell a situation, expecting a response from the listener.",
"index": "3. -neundeyo",
"ko": "(๋๋ฃจ๋์์ผ๋ก) ์ด๋ค ์ํฉ์ ์ ๋ฌํ์ฌ ๋ฃ๋ ์ฌ๋์ ๋ฐ์์ ๊ธฐ๋ํจ์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋๋๋ค
|
Word
|
[
{
"en": "(old-fashioned) A sentence-final ending used when one says something that one wants to say without hesitation.",
"index": "1. -neundoda",
"ko": "(์ ๋งํฌ๋ก) ๋งํ๊ณ ์ ํ๋ ๋ด์ฉ์ ์ฃผ์ ํ์ง ์๊ณ ๋งํจ์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ์ข
๊ฒฐ ์ด๋ฏธ."
},
{
"en": "(old-fashioned) A sentence-final ending used when saying something as if admiring a certain fact.",
"index": "2. -neundoda",
"ko": "(์ ๋งํฌ๋ก) ์ด๋ค ์ฌ์ค์ ๊ฐํํ๋ฏ์ด ๋งํจ์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ์ข
๊ฒฐ ์ด๋ฏธ."
}
] |
-๋ ๋์ค์
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "An expression used to indicate that one is the process of doing a certain act mentioned in the preceding statement, or doing the following act while utilizing this opportunity.",
"index": "-neun dojung-e",
"ko": "์์ ๋ง์ด ๋ํ๋ด๋ ์ด๋ค ํ๋์ ํ๋ ์ค์ด๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ทธ๋ฌํ ๊ธฐํ์ ๋ค์ ํ๋์ ํจ์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋ ๋์์
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "An expression used to indicate that a certain act or state mentioned in the preceding statement and following statement happens at the same time.",
"index": "-neun dongsie",
"ko": "์์ ์ค๋ ๋ง๊ณผ ๋ค์ ์ค๋ ๋ง์ด ๋ํ๋ด๋ ํ๋์ด๋ ์ํ๊ฐ ํจ๊ป ์ผ์ด๋จ์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋ ๋์
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "An expression used to indicate the time, for which the act or state mentioned in the preceding statement lasts.",
"index": "-neun dong-an",
"ko": "์์ ์ค๋ ๋ง์ด ๋ํ๋ด๋ ํ๋์ด๋ ์ํ๊ฐ ๊ณ์๋๋ ์๊ฐ ๋งํผ์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋ ๋ฅ ๋ง๋ ๋ฅ
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "An expression used to indicate that one does not do a certain act properly.",
"index": "-neun dung maneun dung",
"ko": "์ด๋ค ํ๋์ ์ ๋๋ก ํ์ง ์์์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋ ๋ฏ
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "An expression used to guess that something said might be similar to the preceding state or situation.",
"index": "1. -neun deut",
"ko": "๋ค์ ์ค๋ ๋ง์ ๋ด์ฉ๊ณผ ๊ด๋ จํ์ฌ ์ง์ํ ์ ์๊ฑฐ๋ ๋น์ทํ๋ค๊ณ ์ฌ๊ฒจ์ง๋ ์ํ๋ ์ํฉ์ ๋ํ๋ผ ๋ ์ฐ๋ ํํ."
},
{
"en": "An expression used to indicate that something is in a state which could be one of two possibilities.",
"index": "2. -neun deut",
"ko": "๊ทธ๋ฐ ๊ฒ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ๋ ํ๊ณ ๊ทธ๋ ์ง ์์ ๊ฒ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ๋ ํ ์ํ๋ฅผ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋ ๋ฏ์ถ๋ค
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "An expression used to guess the content of the preceding statement.",
"index": "-neun deutsipda",
"ko": "์์ ์ค๋ ๋ง์ ๋ด์ฉ์ ์ถ์ธกํจ์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋ ๋ฏํ๋ค
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "An expression used to guess the content of the preceding statement.",
"index": "-neun deutada",
"ko": "์์ ์ค๋ ๋ง์ ๋ด์ฉ์ ์ถ์ธกํจ์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋ ๋ง๋น์
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "An expression used to indicate that one is in a situation or position where something mentioned in the preceding statement has already occurred.",
"index": "-neun madang-e",
"ko": "์์ ์ค๋ ๋ง์ด ๋ํ๋ด๋ ์ผ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์ด์ง๋ ์ํฉ์ด๋ ์ฒ์ง๋ฅผ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋ ๋งํผ
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "An expression used to indicate that the following content is proportional to the preceding content or of a similar level or quantity.",
"index": "1. -neun mankeum",
"ko": "๋ค์ ์ค๋ ๋ง์ด ์์ ์ค๋ ๋ง๊ณผ ๋น๋กํ๊ฑฐ๋ ๋น์ทํ ์ ๋ ํน์ ์๋์์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ํํ."
},
{
"en": "An expression used to indicate that the preceding statement is the reason or basis for the following statement.",
"index": "2. -neun mankeum",
"ko": "์์ ์ค๋ ๋ง์ด ๋ค์ ์ค๋ ๋ง์ ์ด์ ๋ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ์์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ํํ."
}
] |
๋ ๋งํ ๊ฒ๋ ์๊ณ
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "An expression used to indicate that the preceding statement is naturally so, and that, compared to that, the following statement is also as such.",
"index": "neun malhal geotdo eopgo",
"ko": "์์ ์ค๋ ๋ง๊ณผ ๋น๊ตํ์์ ๋ ์์ ๋ง์ ๋น์ฐํ ๊ทธ๋ฌํ๊ณ ๋ค์ ์ค๋ ๋ง ์ญ์ ๊ทธ๋ฌํ๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋ ๋ชจ์์ด๋ค
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "An expression used to guess that something is in progress or in a certain state, considering another fact or situation.",
"index": "-neun moyang-ida",
"ko": "๋ค๋ฅธ ์ฌ์ค์ด๋ ์ํฉ์ผ๋ก ๋ณด์ ํ์ฌ ์ด๋ค ์ผ์ด ์ผ์ด๋๊ณ ์๊ฑฐ๋ ์ด๋ค ์ํ๋ผ๊ณ ์ถ์ธกํจ์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ํํ."
}
] |
๋ ๋ฌผ๋ก
|
Compound
|
[
{
"en": "An expression used to indicate that the whole sentence, including the preceding statement, is naturally so.",
"index": "-neun mullon",
"ko": "์์ ์ค๋ ๋ง์ ํฌํจํ์ฌ ์ ์ฒด ๋ฌธ์ฅ์ ๋ด์ฉ์ด ๋น์ฐํ ๊ทธ๋ฌํจ์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ํํ."
}
] |
-๋๋ฐ
|
Word
|
[
{
"en": "A connective ending used to present in a prefatory manner a certain situation related to the following statement as a background or reason.",
"index": "-neunba",
"ko": "๋ค์ ์ค๋ ๋ง๊ณผ ๊ด๋ จํ์ฌ ์ด๋ฏธ ์ด๋ฃจ์ด์ง ์ด๋ค ์ํฉ์ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์ด๋ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ก ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ์ ์ํ ๋ ์ฐ๋ ์ฐ๊ฒฐ ์ด๋ฏธ."
}
] |
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