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-๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ ์š”
Compound
[ { "en": "(informal addressee-raising) An expression used to repeat or stress the speaker's remark.", "index": "1. -neundagoyo", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋†’์ž„์œผ๋กœ) ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ง์„ ๋˜ํ’€์ดํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." }, { "en": "(informal addressee-raising) An expression used to confirm or question another person's remark.", "index": "2. -neundagoyo", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋†’์ž„์œผ๋กœ) ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋ง์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋”ฐ์ ธ ๋ฌผ์„ ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." }, { "en": "(informal addressee-raising) An expression used to show off something to others.", "index": "3. -neundagoyo", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋†’์ž„์œผ๋กœ) ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ž๋ž‘ํ•˜๋“ฏ์ด ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹ค๊ธฐ์—
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to indicate that something the speaker heard is the reason or basis for the following statement.", "index": "-neundagie", "ko": "๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ๋’ค์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ง์˜ ์ด์œ ๋‚˜ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ์ž„์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹ค๊ธธ๋ž˜
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to say something the speaker heard as the reason or basis for the following statement.", "index": "-neundagillae", "ko": "๋’ค ๋‚ด์šฉ์˜ ์ด์œ ๋‚˜ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹ค๋‚˜
Word
[ { "en": "A sentence-final ending used to convey someone's remark, and imply that it is displeasing or annoying.", "index": "1. -neundana", "ko": "๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋ง์„ ์ „ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ๋ชป๋งˆ๋•…ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ท€์ฐฎ์Œ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ข…๊ฒฐ ์–ด๋ฏธ." }, { "en": "A sentence-final ending used to say something without certainty and in an indifferent attitude.", "index": "2. -neundana", "ko": "์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌด๊ด€์‹ฌํ•œ ํƒœ๋„๋กœ ํ™•์‹  ์—†์ด ๋งํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ข…๊ฒฐ ์–ด๋ฏธ." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹ค๋‚จ
Compound
[ { "en": "(formal, highly addressee-lowering) An expression used to refute something lightly.", "index": "-neundanam", "ko": "(์•„์ฃผ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ๊ฐ€๋ณ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜๋ฐ•ํ•˜๋Š” ๋œป์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹ค๋„ค#1
Word
[ { "en": "(formal, moderately addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used when the speaker says something that he/she already knows in an objective manner and informs the listener of it.", "index": "-neundane", "ko": "(์˜ˆ์‚ฌ ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ๊ด€ํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ผ๋Ÿฌ ์คŒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ข…๊ฒฐ ์–ด๋ฏธ." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹ค๋„ค#2
Compound
[ { "en": "(formal, moderately addressee-lowering) An expression used to tell the listener something the speaker knows from having heard it.", "index": "-neundane", "ko": "(์˜ˆ์‚ฌ ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹ค๋А๋ƒ
Compound
[ { "en": "(formal, highly addressee-lowering) An expression used to ask the listener something the speaker heard from another person to cross-check the information.", "index": "-neundaneunya", "ko": "(์•„์ฃผ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ์•„๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋“ฏ์ด ๋ฌป๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹ค๋А๋‹ˆ
Word
[ { "en": "A connective ending referring to doing this and doing that.", "index": "-neundaneuni", "ko": "์ด๋Ÿฐ๋‹ค๊ณ ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ €๋Ÿฐ๋‹ค๊ณ ๋„ ํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ์–ด๋ฏธ." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š”
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to quote someone while modifying the following noun.", "index": "-neundaneun", "ko": "๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ธ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ทธ ๋’ค์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊พธ๋ฉฐ ์ค„ ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to indicate that a result not intended during the preceding act appears in the following statement.", "index": "-neundaneun geosi", "ko": "์•ž์˜ ๋ง์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์—์„œ ์˜๋„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ด์–ด์ง์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š”๊ตฌ๋‚˜
Compound
[ { "en": "(formal, highly addressee-lowering) An expression used to convey something newly heard to the listener with wonder.", "index": "-neundaneunguna", "ko": "(์•„์ฃผ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊ฐํƒ„์˜ ๋А๋‚Œ์„ ์‹ค์–ด ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ•  ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š”๊ตฐ
Compound
[ { "en": "(formal, highly addressee-lowering) An expression used to convey something newly heard to the listener with wonder.", "index": "-neundaneun-gun", "ko": "(์•„์ฃผ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊ฐํƒ„์˜ ๋А๋‚Œ์„ ์‹ค์–ด ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ•  ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š”๋ฐ
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to convey something heard or quote someone, adding the speaker's own thought or question.", "index": "1. -neundaneunde", "ko": "๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ธ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด๋‚˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์ด์–ด ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." }, { "en": "(informal addressee-lowering) An expression used to give the speaker's opinion indirectly by conveying what the speaker heard.", "index": "2. -neundaneunde", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋ฅผ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š”๋ฐ๋„
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to convey what the speaker heard or someone's opinion, implying that there is a contradictory situation later in the sentence.", "index": "-neundaneundedo", "ko": "๋“ค์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋’ค์— ๊ทธ์™€ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์ด์–ด์ง์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š”๋ฐ์•ผ
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to indicate that, based on what the speaker heard, the speaker had to say the following thing under the circumstances.", "index": "-neundaneundeya", "ko": "๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์–ด์ฉ” ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๋“ฏ์ด ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋งํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
Compound
[ { "en": "(informal addressee-raising) An expression used to give the speaker's opinion indirectly by conveying what the speaker heard.", "index": "-neundaneundeyo", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋†’์ž„์œผ๋กœ) ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋ฅผ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹ค๋‹ˆ#1
Word
[ { "en": "(informal addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used when asking again or admiring an unexpected fact in surprise.", "index": "-neundani", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ๋œป๋ฐ–์˜ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๋†€๋ผ์„œ ๋˜๋ฌป๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐํƒ„ํ•  ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ์ข…๊ฒฐ ์–ด๋ฏธ." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹ค๋‹ˆ#2
Word
[ { "en": "(formal, highly addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used to express a question about a certain fact that is assumed to be already given.", "index": "-neundani", "ko": "(์•„์ฃผ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์น˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜๋ฌธ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ข…๊ฒฐ ์–ด๋ฏธ." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹ค๋‹ˆ#3
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to indicate that the speaker is surprised or impressed by what another person explained or stated.", "index": "1. -neundani", "ko": "๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋“ค์€ ์„ค๋ช…์ด๋‚˜ ์„œ์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋†€๋ผ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐํƒ„ํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." }, { "en": "An expression used to indicate that someone's explanation or statement is the basis for the speaker's judgment.", "index": "2. -neundani", "ko": "๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋“ค์€ ์„ค๋ช…์ด๋‚˜ ์„œ์ˆ ์ด ํŒ๋‹จ์˜ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ์ž„์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹ค๋‹ˆ#4
Compound
[ { "en": "(informal addressee-lowering) An expression used to ask the listener about what another person said.", "index": "-neundani", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋งํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณผ ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๊นŒ#1
Word
[ { "en": "(informal addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used when the speaker emphasizes his/her remark while reconfirming what was said earlier.", "index": "-neundanikka", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ์•ž์„œ ๋งํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ง์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ข…๊ฒฐ ์–ด๋ฏธ." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๊นŒ#2
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to quote the speaker's or another person's remarks as the reason or basis for the following statement.", "index": "-neundanikka", "ko": "์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ง์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋ง์„ ๋’ค์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ง์˜ ์ด์œ ๋‚˜ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ์ธ์šฉํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๊นŒ๋Š”
Compound
[ { "en": "(informal addressee-lowering) An expression used to stress the speaker's position or opinion, when the speaker is questioned or given some request repeatedly.", "index": "1. -neundanikkaneun", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ž…์žฅ์ด๋‚˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." }, { "en": "An expression used to stress that the speaker is quoting the speaker's or another person's remarks as a reason or basis.", "index": "2. -neundanikkaneun", "ko": "์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ง์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋ง์„ ์ด์œ ๋‚˜ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ์ธ์šฉํ•จ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”
Compound
[ { "en": "(informal addressee-raising) An expression used when the speaker emphasizes his/her remark while reconfirming what was said earlier.", "index": "-neundanikkyo", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋†’์ž„์œผ๋กœ) ์•ž์„œ ๋งํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ง์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๊น
Compound
[ { "en": "(informal addressee-lowering) An expression used to stress the speaker's position or opinion, when the speaker is questioned or given some request repeatedly.", "index": "1. -neundanikkan", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ž…์žฅ์ด๋‚˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." }, { "en": "An expression used to stress that the speaker is quoting the speaker's or another person's remarks as a reason or basis.", "index": "2. -neundanikkan", "ko": "์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ง์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋ง์„ ์ด์œ ๋‚˜ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ์ธ์šฉํ•จ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹ค๋‹ˆ์š”
Compound
[ { "en": "(informal addressee-raising) An expression used to indicate that the speaker is surprised or impressed by something, because it is unexpected.", "index": "-neundaniyo", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋†’์ž„์œผ๋กœ) ๋œป๋ฐ–์˜ ์ผ์ด๋ผ์„œ ๋†€๋ผ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐํƒ„ํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹ค๋”๊ตฐ
Compound
[ { "en": "(informal addressee-lowering) An expression used to convey a newly learned fact to the listener.", "index": "-neundadeogun", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ•  ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹ค๋”๊ตฐ์š”
Compound
[ { "en": "(informal addressee-raising) An expression used to convey a newly learned fact to the listener.", "index": "-neundadeogunyo", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋†’์ž„์œผ๋กœ) ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ•  ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹ค๋”๋ƒ
Compound
[ { "en": "(formal, highly addressee-lowering) An expression used to question what is being stated, hinting strongly that the opposite is true.", "index": "1. -neundadeonya", "ko": "(์•„์ฃผ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ๋ฐ˜๋ฌธํ•˜๋“ฏ์ด ๋ฌผ์Œ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•  ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." }, { "en": "(formal, highly addressee-lowering) An expression used to ask the listener about what the listener saw or heard.", "index": "2. -neundadeonya", "ko": "(์•„์ฃผ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณผ ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹ค๋”๋‹ˆ
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to mention something the speaker knows from having heard it and connect this to the following content.", "index": "1. -neundadeoni", "ko": "๋“ค์–ด์„œ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ง์„ ์ด์–ด ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." }, { "en": "An expression used to quote and confirm a well-known maxim, etc.", "index": "2. -neundadeoni", "ko": "์ด๋ฏธ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์“ฐ๋ฉด์„œ ๊ทธ ๋ง์ด ๋งž๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹ค๋”๋ผ
Compound
[ { "en": "(formal, highly addressee-lowering) A sentence-closing ending used when the speaker conveys what he/she heard to the listener.", "index": "-neundadeora", "ko": "(์•„์ฃผ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋“ค์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹ค๋”๋ผ๊ณ 
Compound
[ { "en": "(informal addressee-lowering) An expression used to say something the speaker remembers from having heard it in person.", "index": "-neundadeorago", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ์ง์ ‘ ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์ผ์„ ํšŒ์ƒํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹ค๋˜
Compound
[ { "en": "(formal, highly addressee-lowering) An expression used to ask the listener about what the speaker thinks the listener knows.", "index": "1. -neundadeon", "ko": "(์•„์ฃผ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ด„์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." }, { "en": "(formal, highly addressee-lowering) An expression used to strongly deny, repulse, or question the preceding content.", "index": "2. -neundadeon", "ko": "(์•„์ฃผ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ์•ž์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€์ •ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜๋ฌธ์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." }, { "en": "An expression used to remember what the speaker heard in the past and modify the following content.", "index": "3. -neundadeon", "ko": "๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ๋’ค์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ง์„ ๊พธ๋ฐ€ ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹ค๋˜๊ฐ€
Compound
[ { "en": "(formal, moderately addressee-lowering) An expression used to ask the listener something to check the information.", "index": "1. -neundadeon-ga", "ko": "(์˜ˆ์‚ฌ ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ด„์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." }, { "en": "An expression used to talk to oneself or try to remember while looking back on the past.", "index": "2. -neundadeon-ga", "ko": "์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ„ ์ผ์„ ํšŒ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ํ˜ผ์žฃ๋งํ•˜๋“ฏ ๋งˆ์Œ์†์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ ค ๋ด„์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹ค๋˜๋ฐ
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to mention what the speaker heard from another person and relate it to the following content.", "index": "1. -neundadeonde", "ko": "๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋’ค์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์ง€์–ด ๋งํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." }, { "en": "(informal addressee-lowering) An expression used to indirectly express what the speaker wants to say, by conveying what the speaker heard, in an unfinished sentence.", "index": "2. -neundadeonde", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ์ด์ „์— ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์—ฌ์šด์„ ๋‚จ๊ธฐ๋ฉด์„œ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹ค๋˜๋ฐ์š”
Compound
[ { "en": "(informal addressee-raising) An expression used to indirectly express what the speaker wants to say, by conveying what the speaker heard, in an unfinished sentence.", "index": "-neundadeondeyo", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋†’์ž„์œผ๋กœ) ์ด์ „์— ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์—ฌ์šด์„ ๋‚จ๊ธฐ๋ฉด์„œ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฐ
Compound
[ { "en": "(formal, moderately addressee-lowering) An expression used to repeat what the speaker heard, as it is.", "index": "-neundade", "ko": "(์˜ˆ์‚ฌ ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ์ด์ „์— ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ ์™€์„œ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹ค๋“ ๊ฐ€
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to choose one out of two choices.", "index": "1. -neundadeun-ga", "ko": "๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์–ด๋А ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." }, { "en": "An expression used to indicate that it does not matter whether one chooses any of many choices.", "index": "2. -neundadeun-ga", "ko": "์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ค‘์— ์–ด๋А ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์–ด๋А ๊ฒƒ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•ด๋„ ์ƒ๊ด€์ด ์—†์Œ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹ค๋“ ์ง€
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to choose one out of two choices.", "index": "1. -neundadeunji", "ko": "๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์–ด๋А ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." }, { "en": "An expression used to indicate that it does not matter whether one chooses any of many choices.", "index": "2. -neundadeunji", "ko": "์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ค‘์— ์–ด๋А ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์–ด๋А ๊ฒƒ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•ด๋„ ์ƒ๊ด€์ด ์—†์Œ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹ค๋””
Compound
[ { "en": "(formal, highly addressee-lowering) An expression used to ask the listener what another person said.", "index": "-neundadi", "ko": "(์•„์ฃผ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋ง์„ ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณผ ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹ค๋งˆ๋Š”
Word
[ { "en": "A connective ending used when recognizing the truth of the preceding statement and adding something that is contrary or irrelevant to it.", "index": "-neundamaneun", "ko": "์•ž์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ง์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ทธ์— ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ง๋ถ™์—ฌ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ์–ด๋ฏธ." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹ค๋งŒ
Word
[ { "en": "A connective ending used when recognizing the truth of the preceding statement and adding something that is contrary or irrelevant to it.", "index": "-neundaman", "ko": "์•ž์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ง์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ทธ์— ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ง๋ถ™์—ฌ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ์–ด๋ฏธ." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉฐ#1
Word
[ { "en": "(informal addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used when the speaker confirms and asks questions about a fact that he/she heard.", "index": "-neundamyeo", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ์•„๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌผ์Œ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ข…๊ฒฐ ์–ด๋ฏธ." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉฐ#2
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to ask if the current situation is different from what the listener or another person said before.", "index": "1. -neundamyeo", "ko": "๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ด์ „์— ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ง์ด ์˜ˆ์ƒ์ด๋‚˜ ์ง€๊ธˆ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฆ„์„ ๋”ฐ์ ธ ๋ฌผ์„ ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." }, { "en": "An expression used to indicate that another person was saying something, while doing a certain act at the same time.", "index": "2. -neundamyeo", "ko": "๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์–ด๋–ค ๋ง์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์–ด๋–ค ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด#1
Word
[ { "en": "A connective ending used when assuming a certain fact or situation.", "index": "-neundamyeon", "ko": "์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋œป์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ์–ด๋ฏธ." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด#2
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to assume that someone will express his/her thought or will, which becomes the condition for the following statement.", "index": "-neundamyeon", "ko": "๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด๋‚˜ ์˜์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐํžˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋’ค์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ง์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ๋จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด์„œ#1
Word
[ { "en": "(informal addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used when the speaker confirms and asks questions about a fact that he/she heard.", "index": "-neundamyeonseo", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ์•„๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌผ์Œ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ข…๊ฒฐ ์–ด๋ฏธ." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด์„œ#2
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to ask if the current situation is different from what the listener or another person said before.", "index": "1. -neundamyeonseo", "ko": "๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ด์ „์— ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ง์ด ์˜ˆ์ƒ์ด๋‚˜ ์ง€๊ธˆ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฆ„์„ ๋”ฐ์ ธ ๋ฌผ์„ ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." }, { "en": "An expression used to indicate that another person is saying something, while doing a certain act at the same time.", "index": "2. -neundamyeonseo", "ko": "๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์–ด๋–ค ๋ง์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์–ด๋–ค ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹ค์˜ค#1
Word
[ { "en": "(formal, moderately addressee-raising) A sentence-final ending used when the speaker says something that he/she already knows in an objective manner and conveys it to the listener.", "index": "-neundao", "ko": "(์˜ˆ์‚ฌ ๋†’์ž„์œผ๋กœ) ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ๊ด€ํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ข…๊ฒฐ ์–ด๋ฏธ." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹ค์˜ค#2
Compound
[ { "en": "(formal, moderately addressee-raising) An expression used to convey what the speaker heard from another person to the listener.", "index": "-neundao", "ko": "(์˜ˆ์‚ฌ ๋†’์ž„์œผ๋กœ) ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ•  ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹ค์ฃ 
Compound
[ { "en": "(informal addressee-raising) An expression used when the speaker confirms and asks questions about a fact that he/she already knows.", "index": "-neundajo", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋†’์ž„์œผ๋กœ) ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌผ์„ ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹ค์ง€#1
Word
[ { "en": "(informal addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used when the speaker confirms and asks questions about a fact that he/she already knows.", "index": "-neundaji", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌผ์„ ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ์ข…๊ฒฐ ์–ด๋ฏธ." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹ค์ง€#2
Compound
[ { "en": "(informal addressee-lowering) An expression used to ask the listener again, or confirm what the speaker heard earlier.", "index": "-neundaji", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ์ด์ „์— ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ฌป๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹ค์ง€๋งŒ
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to indicate that the speaker knows something from having heard it and accepts it as true, but the following content is a situation or content that is not the same as the speaker's thoughts.", "index": "-neundajiman", "ko": "๋“ค์–ด์„œ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋’ค์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ง์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹ค์ง€์š”
Compound
[ { "en": "(informal addressee-raising) An expression used when the speaker confirms and asks questions about a fact that he/she already knows.", "index": "-neundajiyo", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋†’์ž„์œผ๋กœ) ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌผ์„ ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹จ
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to express a certain fact or thought, which modifies the following statement.", "index": "-neundan", "ko": "์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ „ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋’ค์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ง์„ ๊พธ๋ฐ€ ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹จ๋‹ค#1
Word
[ { "en": "(formal, highly addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used when the speaker talks about a fact that he/she already knows in an objective manner and conveys it to the listener.", "index": "-neundanda", "ko": "(์•„์ฃผ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ์•„๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊ฐ๊ด€ํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ข…๊ฒฐ ์–ด๋ฏธ." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹จ๋‹ค#2
Compound
[ { "en": "(formal, highly addressee-lowering) An expression used to tell the listener something the speaker knows from having heard it from another person.", "index": "-neundanda", "ko": "(์•„์ฃผ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ•  ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹ฌ
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to assume that someone will do a certain act or make a certain statement, which modifies the following statement.", "index": "-neundal", "ko": "๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์ด๋‚˜ ๋ง์„ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋’ค์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ง์„ ๊พธ๋ฐ€ ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹ด
Word
[ { "en": "(formal, highly addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used when asking oneself or complaining about a certain fact.", "index": "-neundam", "ko": "(์•„์ฃผ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌป๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ถˆํ‰ํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ข…๊ฒฐ ์–ด๋ฏธ." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹ต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ#1
Word
[ { "en": "(formal, highly addressee-raising) A sentence-final ending used when asking questions about the affirmation or negation of a certain fact, supposing that it is already given.", "index": "-neundamnikka", "ko": "(์•„์ฃผ๋†’์ž„์œผ๋กœ) ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ธ์ •์ด๋‚˜ ๋ถ€์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜๋ฌธ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ข…๊ฒฐ ์–ด๋ฏธ." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹ต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ#2
Compound
[ { "en": "(formal, highly addressee-raising) An expression used to ask about what the listener heard before.", "index": "-neundamnikka", "ko": "(์•„์ฃผ๋†’์ž„์œผ๋กœ) ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ด์ „์— ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌผ์„ ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค#1
Word
[ { "en": "(formal, highly addressee-raising) A sentence-final ending used when the speaker says something that he/she already knows in an objective manner and informs the listener of it.", "index": "-neundamnida", "ko": "(์•„์ฃผ๋†’์ž„์œผ๋กœ) ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ๊ด€ํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ผ๋Ÿฌ ์คŒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ข…๊ฒฐ ์–ด๋ฏธ." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค#2
Compound
[ { "en": "(formal, highly addressee-raising) An expression used to tell the listener something the speaker knows from having heard it.", "index": "-neundamnida", "ko": "(์•„์ฃผ๋†’์ž„์œผ๋กœ) ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹ต๋””๊นŒ
Compound
[ { "en": "(formal, highly addressee-raising) An expression used to ask the listener what the listener heard in the past.", "index": "-neundapdikka", "ko": "(์•„์ฃผ๋†’์ž„์œผ๋กœ) ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌผ์„ ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹ต๋””๋‹ค
Compound
[ { "en": "(formal, moderately addressee-raising) An expression used to pass along a message or fact that the speaker heard earlier.", "index": "-neundapdida", "ko": "(์˜ˆ์‚ฌ ๋†’์ž„์œผ๋กœ) ์ด์ „์— ์ง์ ‘ ๋“ค์€ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ „ํ•  ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š”๋‹ต์‹œ๊ณ 
Word
[ { "en": "A connective ending used when the speaker is displeased about the subject claiming that the preceding statement is the reason for the following action.", "index": "-neundapsigo", "ko": "์ฃผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์•ž์˜ ๋ง์„ ๋’ค์˜ ๋ง์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋‚ด์„ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ชป๋งˆ๋•…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ด„์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ์–ด๋ฏธ." } ]
-๋Š”๋Œ€#1
Word
[ { "en": "(informal addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used when strongly denying the fact of the preceding statement or raising a question about it.", "index": "-neundae", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ์•ž์˜ ๋ง์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€์ •ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ์ข…๊ฒฐ ์–ด๋ฏธ." } ]
-๋Š”๋Œ€#2
Compound
[ { "en": "(informal addressee-lowering) An expression used to indirectly tell something the speaker heard from another person.", "index": "1. -neundae", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋งํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ•  ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." }, { "en": "(informal addressee-lowering) An expression used to ask about something the listener knows from having heard it.", "index": "2. -neundae", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ด์ „์— ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณผ ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š”๋Œ€๋„
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to indicate that, although the preceding statement assumes a certain situation or presents a real situation, it does not affect the following statement.", "index": "-neundaedo", "ko": "์•ž์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ง์ด ์–ด๋–ค ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‹ค์ œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋’ค์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ง์— ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š” ๋Œ€๋กœ
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to indicate that something is the same as the present act or state mentioned in the preceding statement.", "index": "1. -neun daero", "ko": "์•ž์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ง์ด ๋œปํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Œ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." }, { "en": "An expression used to indicate someone does something upon or soon after the moment of a certain act or state.", "index": "2. -neun daero", "ko": "์–ด๋–ค ํ–‰๋™์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋•Œ ๋ฐ”๋กœ, ๋˜๋Š” ์งํ›„์— ๊ณง์˜ ๋œป์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." }, { "en": "An expression used to indicate each and every act or state that appears.", "index": "3. -neun daero", "ko": "์–ด๋–ค ํ–‰๋™์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋œป์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." }, { "en": "An expression used to indicate one does something as best as one can.", "index": "4. -neun daero", "ko": "ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งŒํผ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ์˜ ๋œป์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š”๋Œ€์„œ
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to indicate that the following content is based on what was heard from another person.", "index": "-neundaeseo", "ko": "๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋“ค์€ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ „๊ฐœํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š”๋Œ€์„œ์•ผ
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to question or make a negative judgment on what the speaker heard or learned.", "index": "-neundaeseoya", "ko": "๋“ฃ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์˜๋ฌธ์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ ์—
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to indicate that the states and behaviors mentioned in the preceding statement and the following statement are different or opposites.", "index": "1. -neun daesine", "ko": "์•ž์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ง๊ณผ ๋’ค์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ง์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ๋‚˜ ํ–‰๋™ ๋“ฑ์ด ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ž„์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." }, { "en": "An expression used to offer something similar to make up for a behavior or state mentioned in the preceding statement.", "index": "2. -neun daesine", "ko": "์•ž์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ง์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋งž๋จน๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ–‰๋™์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š”๋Œ€์•ผ
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to indicate that the preceding statement is the requirement for the following statement.", "index": "1. -neundaeya", "ko": "์•ž์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ง์ด ๋’ค์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ง์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ž„์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." }, { "en": "An expression used to indicate that an assumed situation is not that serious nor difficult.", "index": "2. -neundaeya", "ko": "์–ด๋–ค ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ณ„๋กœ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹˜์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š”๋Œ€์š”#1
Word
[ { "en": "(informal addressee-raising) A sentence-final ending used when the speaker talks about something that he/she knows.", "index": "-neundaeyo", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋†’์ž„์œผ๋กœ) ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ผ๋Ÿฌ๋ฐ”์นจ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ข…๊ฒฐ ์–ด๋ฏธ." } ]
-๋Š”๋Œ€์š”#2
Compound
[ { "en": "(informal addressee-raising) An expression used to indirectly tell something the speaker heard from another person.", "index": "1. -neundaeyo", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋†’์ž„์œผ๋กœ) ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋งํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ•  ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." }, { "en": "(informal addressee-raising) An expression used to ask about something the listener knows from having heard it.", "index": "2. -neundaeyo", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋†’์ž„์œผ๋กœ) ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ด์ „์— ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณผ ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š”๋Œ”๋Š”๋ฐ
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to express what the speaker heard in the past, implying that the following content is opposite to or related to the content.", "index": "-neundaetneunde", "ko": "๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋“ค์—ˆ๋˜ ๋ง์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ „ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋’ค์— ๊ทธ ๋ง์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์˜ด์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š”๋Œ”์ž
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to indicate that, although the speaker accepts the preceding statement, it is below their expectations or of little value.", "index": "-neundaetja", "ko": "์•ž์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ง์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์— ๋ชป ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ณ„๊ฒƒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š”๋ฐ
Word
[ { "en": "A connective ending used to talk in advance about a situation to follow.", "index": "1. -neunde", "ko": "๋’ค์˜ ๋ง์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ๋Œ€์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ๋งํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ์–ด๋ฏธ." }, { "en": "(informal addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used to admire something while anticipating the listener's response.", "index": "2. -neunde", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐํƒ„ํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ข…๊ฒฐ ์–ด๋ฏธ." }, { "en": "A sentence-final ending used to ask for a certain answer.", "index": "3. -neunde", "ko": "์ผ์ •ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด๋Š” ๋œป์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ข…๊ฒฐ ์–ด๋ฏธ." } ]
-๋Š” ๋ฐ๋‹ค๊ฐ€
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to indicate that a certain act or state has been added to its preceding act or state, making it worse or better.", "index": "-neun dedaga", "ko": "์•ž์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ง์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ–‰๋™์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋ง๋ถ™์—ฌ์ ธ์„œ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋” ์‹ฌํ•ด์ง์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š”๋ฐ๋„
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to indicate that the following situation will occur, regardless of the preceding situation.", "index": "-neundedo", "ko": "์•ž์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ง์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด ๋’ค์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ง์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š”๋ฐ๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to indicate that the following content is different from or the opposite of what was expected in the preceding statement.", "index": "-neundedo bulguhago", "ko": "์•ž์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ง์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ๋’ค์— ์˜ด์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š”๋ฐ์•ผ
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to indicate that because of the preceding situation, the speaker has no choice but to accept the following one.", "index": "-neundeya", "ko": "์•ž์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ง์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋’ค์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ง์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ๋„ ์–ด์ฉ” ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Œ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
Compound
[ { "en": "(informal addressee-raising) An expression used to tell an unexpected fact with wonder.", "index": "1. -neundeyo", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋†’์ž„์œผ๋กœ) ์˜์™ธ๋ผ ๋А๊ปด์ง€๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊ฐํƒ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." }, { "en": "(informal addressee-raising) An expression used to demand an answer from the listener.", "index": "2. -neundeyo", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋†’์ž„์œผ๋กœ) ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ค ๋Œ€๋‹ต์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•  ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." }, { "en": "(informal addressee-raising) An expression used to tell a situation, expecting a response from the listener.", "index": "3. -neundeyo", "ko": "(๋‘๋ฃจ๋†’์ž„์œผ๋กœ) ์–ด๋–ค ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š”๋„๋‹ค
Word
[ { "en": "(old-fashioned) A sentence-final ending used when one says something that one wants to say without hesitation.", "index": "1. -neundoda", "ko": "(์˜› ๋งํˆฌ๋กœ) ๋งํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ฃผ์ €ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋งํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ข…๊ฒฐ ์–ด๋ฏธ." }, { "en": "(old-fashioned) A sentence-final ending used when saying something as if admiring a certain fact.", "index": "2. -neundoda", "ko": "(์˜› ๋งํˆฌ๋กœ) ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊ฐํƒ„ํ•˜๋“ฏ์ด ๋งํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ข…๊ฒฐ ์–ด๋ฏธ." } ]
-๋Š” ๋„์ค‘์—
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to indicate that one is the process of doing a certain act mentioned in the preceding statement, or doing the following act while utilizing this opportunity.", "index": "-neun dojung-e", "ko": "์•ž์˜ ๋ง์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐํšŒ์— ๋’ค์˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์—
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to indicate that a certain act or state mentioned in the preceding statement and following statement happens at the same time.", "index": "-neun dongsie", "ko": "์•ž์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ง๊ณผ ๋’ค์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ง์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผ์–ด๋‚จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to indicate the time, for which the act or state mentioned in the preceding statement lasts.", "index": "-neun dong-an", "ko": "์•ž์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ง์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์†๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋งŒํผ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š” ๋‘ฅ ๋งˆ๋Š” ๋‘ฅ
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to indicate that one does not do a certain act properly.", "index": "-neun dung maneun dung", "ko": "์–ด๋–ค ํ–‰๋™์„ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š” ๋“ฏ
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to guess that something said might be similar to the preceding state or situation.", "index": "1. -neun deut", "ko": "๋’ค์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ง์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง€๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ๋‚˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." }, { "en": "An expression used to indicate that something is in a state which could be one of two possibilities.", "index": "2. -neun deut", "ko": "๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š” ๋“ฏ์‹ถ๋‹ค
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to guess the content of the preceding statement.", "index": "-neun deutsipda", "ko": "์•ž์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ง์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ถ”์ธกํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š” ๋“ฏํ•˜๋‹ค
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to guess the content of the preceding statement.", "index": "-neun deutada", "ko": "์•ž์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ง์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ถ”์ธกํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š” ๋งˆ๋‹น์—
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to indicate that one is in a situation or position where something mentioned in the preceding statement has already occurred.", "index": "-neun madang-e", "ko": "์•ž์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ง์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋‚˜ ์ฒ˜์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š” ๋งŒํผ
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to indicate that the following content is proportional to the preceding content or of a similar level or quantity.", "index": "1. -neun mankeum", "ko": "๋’ค์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ง์ด ์•ž์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ง๊ณผ ๋น„๋ก€ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์ •๋„ ํ˜น์€ ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์ž„์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." }, { "en": "An expression used to indicate that the preceding statement is the reason or basis for the following statement.", "index": "2. -neun mankeum", "ko": "์•ž์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ง์ด ๋’ค์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ง์˜ ์ด์œ ๋‚˜ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ์ž„์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
๋Š” ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†๊ณ 
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to indicate that the preceding statement is naturally so, and that, compared to that, the following statement is also as such.", "index": "neun malhal geotdo eopgo", "ko": "์•ž์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ง๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ์•ž์˜ ๋ง์€ ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋’ค์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ง ์—ญ์‹œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š” ๋ชจ์–‘์ด๋‹ค
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to guess that something is in progress or in a certain state, considering another fact or situation.", "index": "-neun moyang-ida", "ko": "๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์•„ ํ˜„์žฌ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์–ด๋–ค ์ƒํƒœ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ถ”์ธกํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ก 
Compound
[ { "en": "An expression used to indicate that the whole sentence, including the preceding statement, is naturally so.", "index": "-neun mullon", "ko": "์•ž์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ง์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „์ฒด ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„." } ]
-๋Š”๋ฐ”
Word
[ { "en": "A connective ending used to present in a prefatory manner a certain situation related to the following statement as a background or reason.", "index": "-neunba", "ko": "๋’ค์— ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ง๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ฏธ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ์–ด๋–ค ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ์ œ์‹œํ•  ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ์–ด๋ฏธ." } ]