arxiv_id stringlengths 0 16 | text stringlengths 10 1.65M |
|---|---|
import abc
import logging
import numpy as np
import torch
import torch.nn.functional as F
from torch import nn as nn
import rlkit.torch.pytorch_util as ptu
from rlkit.policies.base import ExplorationPolicy
from rlkit.torch.core import torch_ify, elem_or_tuple_to_numpy
from rlkit.torch.distributions import (
Delta... | |
import numpy as np
def final_score(y_pred, threshold=0.5):
y_mae = np.where(y_pred[0] < threshold, 0, np.ceil(y_pred[0])).astype(int)
y_mse = np.where(y_pred[1] < threshold, 0, np.ceil(y_pred[1])).astype(int)
y_pred_avg = np.average([y_mae, y_mse], axis=0)
y_pred_avg = np.around(y_pred_avg).astype(int... | |
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""Demo156_Outliers_Detection_LocalOutlierFactor.ipynb
## Outliers
An outlier is an observation that lies outside the overall pattern of a distribution __[Moore and McCabe, 1999]__.
- Outliers can either be treated special completely ignored
- E.g., Fraudulant transactions are outliers, but... | |
######################################################################
###
### Decision tree - Titanic
### The purpose of this dataset is to predict which people
### are more likely to survive after the collision with the iceberg.
### The dataset contains 13 variables and 1309 observations.
### The dataset is order... | |
1706.07434 | \section{Caveats, discussion and conclusions}
\label{sec:discussion}
We have shown that the \emph{relative} role that environment is observed to have on the \HI fractions of satellites \citep{brown17} can be recovered within a semi-analytic model of galaxy formation with a self-consistent evolution of disc structure, ... |
1706.07418 | \section{Introduction}
Given
a graph $G=(V,E)$ and for each vertex $v \in V$ a subset $B(v)$ of the set $\{0,1,\ldots, d_G(v)\}$, where $d_G(v)$ denotes the degree of vertex $v$ in the graph $G$, a $B$-matching of $G$ is any set $F \subseteq E$ such that $d_F(v) \in B(v)$ for each vertex $v$, where $d_F(v)$ denotes ... |
2008.09370 | \section{Introduction}
Modeling imaging sensor noise is an important task for many image processing and computer vision applications.
Besides low-level applications such as image denoising~\cite{Unprocessing,CBDNet,DnCNN,zhang2018ffdnet}, many high-level applications, such as detection or recognition~\cite{he2017mask... |
2008.09252 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
\noindent Quantum computers are at the edge of pushing our computational capabilities beyond the boundaries set by classical machines \cite{arute2019quantum,boixo2018characterizing,lund2017quantum}. One of the fields where quantum computers are particularly promising is t... |
2111.02945 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
We have long known that the
halo of our own Milky Way galaxy extends over many kiloparsecs and that it is principally populated
with metal-poor stars \citep{ELS62, searle+zinn78, freeman1987}. The high level of inhomogeneity, the clear presence of stellar streams
and substruct... |
2105.00079 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics[clip, width=0.8\columnwidth]{./example_3.pdf}
\caption{A more informative response (Response B in the figure) can provide information that helps to infer the query content given the dialogue context.}
\vspace{-0.5 cm}... |
2109.01388 | \section{introduction}
The residual fragments cross sections in spallation reactions are key infrastructure data for nuclear applications in many aspects, such as
nuclear physics, radiation damage to electronics and radio-protection of astronauts \cite{r.protect}, extraterrestrial bodies history via the radioisotop... |
1610.07307 | \section{Introduction}
Throughout this paper, groups are assumed to be finite, and graphs are assumed to be finite, connected, simple and undirected.
For a graph $\Gamma$, we denote by $V(\Gamma)$ the set of all vertices of $\Gamma$, by $E(\Gamma)$ the set of all edges of $\Gamma$, by $A(\Gamma)$ the set of all arcs (... |
2110.15157 | \section{Achieving Low Latency}\label{sec:background}
We first look at the causes for long tail latency in DCN ($\S$\ref{sec:background:cause}). Then, we review the prior solutions to cut tail latency ($\S$\ref{sec:background:prior}). Finally, we overview CloudBurst\xspace ($\S$\ref{sec:background:lowl}).
\subsection{... |
hep-th/9607042 | \section{Introduction}
Non--trivial fixed points are a highly challenging aspect of renormalization
theory. Much of what is known about non--trivial fixed point is due to the
$\epsilon$--expansion of Wilson and Fisher \cite{WF72,WK74}, which is an
interpolation from a critical dimension to the one of interest. In thi... |
2205.13475 | \section{Introduction}\label{sec-intro}
\input{introduction}
\section{The miniDAQ system}
\input{miniDAQ}
\section{Results from cosmic-ray studies}
\input{cosmic_studies}
\section{Conclusions}
\input{conclusions}
\section{Acknowledgement}
The work is supported by the US National Science Foundation (NSF) and the US ... |
2112.10441 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
\noindent
Critical care units increasingly often adopt machine learning to improve the outcome of patients \cite{maslove2021}, \cite{flechet2016informatics}. Critical care patients and patients undergoing surgery are connected to equipment used by physicians to monitor, s... |
0909.2162 | \section{Introduction}
Correlations in the full sky or large enough surveys contain clues to the early Universe and its present structure. The acoustic peaks of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) power spectrum revealed a set of cosmological parameters with particular accuracy \cite{dB,WMAP5}. The baryon acoustic os... |
0909.1481 | \section{Introduction}
Gaussian disorder model (GDM)[1-4] is a widely accepted model that could explain most of the charge transport behavior observed in disordered organic systems. According to GDM the charge transport in disordered organic materials occur by hopping among transport sites that are subjected to energet... |
0909.2235 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:int}
Various dynamic phenomena in the solar corona, as for example soft
X-ray jets and specific flares, have been associated with magnetic
reconnection occurring in a three-dimensional (3D) magnetic nullpoint
topology consisting of a dome-like fan separatrix surface located
below th... |
0909.1962 | \section{Introduction and Previous Work}
\label{intro}
Game Theory~\cite{vega-redondo-03} is the study of how social or economical agents take decisions
in situations of conflict. Some games such as the celebrated Prisoner's Dilemma have a high metaphorical value for society in spite of their simplicity and abstractn... |
1503.01640 | \section{Introduction}
In the past few months, tremendous progress has been made in the field of semantic segmentation \cite{hariharan2014simultaneous,Long2015,Hariharan2015,Dai2015,Chen2015,mostajabi2014feedforward}. Deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) \cite{lecun1989backpropagation,krizhevsky2012imagenet} th... |
1410.6148 | \section{Introduction}
A chord diagram is a circle (called the backbone) with line segments (called chords) attached at their endpoints.
Chord diagrams have been extensively used in knot theory and its applications, as well as in physics and biology.
They are main tools for finite type knot invariants \cite{Dror}, a... |
1410.6096 | \section{Introduction}
The performance of many coherent signal processing applications is limited by decoherence \cite{mandel1995a}. Among the most promising materials offering long optical and spin coherence lifetimes are cryogenically-cooled rare-earth-ion-doped crystals \cite{macfarlane1987a,sun2005a,tittel2010a,th... |
1908.08789 | \section{Introduction}
As three-dimensional analogues of graphene, Dirac and Weyl semimetals have attracted considerable attention in the last years \cite{fisher2019topological,PhysRevLett.108.140405,liu2014discovery,lv2015experimental,xu2015discovery}. Both Dirac and Weyl materials are characterized by linearly disper... |
1907.07770 | \section{Introduction}
A molecule is an example of a $n$-body system formed by the nuclei and the electrons of its constituent atoms. The first step of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation allows to represent the nuclei as points in Euclidean space.
The space defined by the degrees of freedom of the molecular system af... |
1902.00107 | \section{Introduction}
Black-box
optimisation describes a challenging realm of problems where no algebraic model or gradient information is available. The problem is regarded a black box, and knowledge about the problem in hand can only be obtained by evaluating candidate solutions.
General-purpose metaheuris... |
2208.01686 | \section{Introduction}
Rigidity and deformability problems of a given isometric immersion are fundamental
problems of the theory of isometric immersions. Of particular interest is the
classification of all noncongruent minimal surfaces in a space form, that are isometric to a given one.
This problem was raised by Laws... |
1910.04099 | \section{Conclusions and Future Work}
\label{sec:conclusion}
In this paper, we provide a thorough analysis of the three state-of-the-art methods for 3D Manhattan layout reconstruction from a single RGB indoor panoramic image, namely, LayoutNet, DuLa-Net, and HorizonNet. We further propose the improved version called {... |
1510.06883 | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Enumerating inclusion-wise maximal vertex-sets of complete bipartite subgraphs (maximal bicliques) in bipartite graphs is a challenging theoretical and computational problem~\cite{Eppstein,AACFHS,MakinoUno} related to several classical problems in combinatorial optimization, the... |
hep-lat/0509096 | \section{Introduction}
Perturbation theory can be a frustrating tool for field theorists. Sometimes, it provides
extremely accurate answers, sometimes it is not even qualitatively correct. In recent
years, our main goal has been to construct
modified perturbative series which are converging and accurate. As briefly ... |
math/0509316 | \section{Introduction}\label{SecIntro}
In June 2005, Michael Somos \cite{Somos05} observed that
the $12$-th root of the theta series of
Nebe's extremal $3$-modular even lattice
in $24$ dimensions
(\cite{Nebe95}, \cite{Nebe98}, \cite{Quebbemann95},
sequence A004046 in \cite{OEIS})
appeared to have integer coefficients... |
math-ph/0509013 | \section*{1. Introduction}
Firstly, we construct two linear differential equations
whose solutions behave at infinity as the so-called
subnormal Thom\'e solutions, in contrast to
solutions of a confluent and a
double-confluent Heun equations \cite{ronveaux}, from which
the former equations are obtained by a limit proce... |
hep-th/0509194 | \section{Introduction}
The study of brane collisions has recently gained a special interest as
it may provide a new scenario for the creation of the hot big-bang
Universe \cite{CU, Bubble}. Motivated by heterotic M-theory and the
Randall Sundrum (RS) model \cite{RSI}, the collision between two
orbifold branes has been... |
hep-th/0509096 | \section*{Appendix \thesection\protect\indent \parbox[t]{11.715cm} {#1}}
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Appendix \thesection\ \ \ #1}
}
\renewcommand{\theequation}{\thesection.\arabic{equation}}
\renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\fnsymbol{footnote}}
\newcommand{\newsection}{
\setcounter{equation}{0}
\section}
\numberwit... |
0805.2265 | \section{Introduction}
All spaces are assumed to be normal.
By a map we mean a continuous function.
We say that a compactum~$X$ is \emph{hereditarily indecomposable}
if for every two intersecting continua in~$X$ one is contained in the other.
The main result of this note is the following theorem.
\begin{theorem}\... |
0805.2997 | \section{Flat FLRW with barotropic fluids}
The spatially flat FLRW metric (with scale factor $a$)
\begin{equation*}
\ensuremath{\, \mathrm{d}} s^2 = - \ensuremath{\, \mathrm{d}} t^2 + a^2(t)\left(\ensuremath{\, \mathrm{d}} x^2 + \ensuremath{\, \mathrm{d}} y^2 + \ensuremath{\, \mathrm{d}} z^2\right)
\end{equation*}
y... |
0805.1836 | \section{Introduction}
Several complex systems have underlying structures that are
described by networks or graphs
\cite{Strogatz,rev-Barabasi}. Recent interest in networks is due to
the discovery that several naturally occurring
networks come under some universal classes and they can
be simulated with simple mathema... |
0805.3471 | \section{Introduction}
Heterogeneity often plays an important role in various adsorption
processes and its presence may profoundly modify the adsorption
isotherms and other thermodynamic properties compared to the
homogeneous situation. Consequently, numerous
articles\ci... |
0805.2582 | \section{INTRODUCTION}
\label{chap:intro}
The measurements of Lilly et al. \cite{Lilly} and Du et
al.\cite{Du} reveal strong anisotropic transport properties
of the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) for the half-filled
Landau-level system for high Landau-levels (LL) and at very low temperature.
The a... |
1208.2544 | \section{Introduction}
An affine manifold is a differential manifold $M$ with a special atlas of coordinate charts such that the coordinate changes extend to affine automorphisms of $ \mathbb{R}^{n}$. These distinguished charts are called affine charts. Given an affine structure on $M$ is equivalent to have a flat a... |
1208.2433 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
The aim of this paper is to develop a category-theoretical framework to unify various generalizations of the {\em Frobenius--Schur theorem}. We first recall the Frobenius--Schur theorem for compact groups. Let $G$ be a compact group, and let $V$ be a finite-dimensiona... |
1208.2185 | \section{Preliminaries}
Throughout we consider unitary associative algebras over a field $K$ of characteristic 0. Let $K\langle T\rangle$ be the free associative algebra freely generated over $K$ by the set $T=\{t_1,t_2, \dots\}$. If $A$ is a PI algebra we denote by $I=T(A)\subseteq K\langle T\rangle$ its T-ideal, that... |
hep-th/9810001 | \section{Introduction}
\vspace{1cm}
Lagrangian quantization (LQ) remains one of the most attractive
approaches to quantize gauge theories. Its main advantage is a
direct construction of the quantum effective action avoiding the
long detour of the Hamiltonian approach through canonical
quantization with subsequent inte... |
cond-mat/9810028 | \section{Introduction}
Reactive turbulent flow is important in a variety of natural
processes, ranging from the production of smog in the
atmosphere\cite{Bilger} to the feeding habits of certain oceanic
creatures\cite{Kiorboe}. The mixing effects of turbulence are put to
use in a variety of engineering applications, ... |
0812.2977 | \section{\label{sec:intro} Introduction}
The physics of strongly correlated lattice electrons is complex as well as interesting. The electronic properties of very many exciting materials (such as, the transition metal oxides, rare earths etc.) exhibit this physics in a variety of different ways. A minimal model for un... |
0812.4279 | \section{Introduction}
In finite games correlated equilibria are simpler than Nash equilibria in several senses -- mathematically at least, if not conceptually. The set of correlated equilibria is a convex polytope, described by finitely many explicit linear inequalities, while the set of (mixed) Nash equilibria need... |
0812.2894 | \section{Introduction}
The discovery of superconductivity in the Fe pnictides has opened an area of
research that is attracting considerable attention.\cite{Fe-SC, chen1, chen2, wen, chen3, 55, ren1, ren2}
In the early stages of these investigations, the layered structure of the Fe pnictides
superconductors,\cite{Fe-S... |
0812.3320 | \section{Introduction}
The computation of equilibrium statistical properties of
molecular systems is of great importance in materials science, computational
physics, chemistry, and biology~\cite{frenkelsmit,mcquarrie}.
These equilibrium statistical
properties are given by phase space integrals of the
form
\begin{equati... |
math/0503459 | \section{Recollection of relevant results}
Using a construction from symplectic toric geometry (see \S 1 of
\cite{raz04:app_guil_abr_non_abel_group_act}) we proved the
following
\begin{theorem}[\cite{raz04:scal_cur_mul_free_act}]
Suppose $T^n$ acts on $\mathbb{C}^n$ (with its fixed standard symplectic
structure) via t... |
2105.06220 | \section{Introduction}
\label{introduction}
Document layout analysis is a crucial step in automatic document understanding and enables many important applications, such as document retrieval~\cite{DBLP:journals/csur/BinMakhashenM20}, digitization~\cite{DBLP:conf/icpr/CorbelliBGC16} and editing.
Its goal is to identify ... |
2110.05806 | \section{Introduction}
A number of astrophysical observations provide evidence that the dominant matter component of the Universe is not ordinary matter, but rather non-baryonic dark matter~\cite{Clowe:2006eq,Ade:2015xua}. Theoretically favored dark matter candidates are weakly interacting massive particles~(WIMPs)~\c... |
2110.05653 | \section{\label{sec:Intro}Introduction}
The exponential and Gaussian functions are among the most fundamental and important operations, appearing ubiquitously
throughout all areas of science, engineering, and mathematics. Whereas formally, it is well-known that any function,
$f(x)$, may in principle be realized on a... |
1603.05722 | \section{Introduction}
In recent years, computational electrocardiology has attracted the attention of mathematicians, engineers and clinicians. Computational methods have been continuously refined to match clinical applications.
Just to mention one example,the ideal lesion pattern with minimal burn in a cardiac ablat... |
1711.02259 | \section{Introduction}\label{sec1}
Based on the AdS/CFT correspondence \cite{Maldacena:1997re,Gubser:1998bc,Witten:1998qj}, one may study bulk gravity dynamics in a rather precisely defined setup.
Numerous aspects of the correspondence have been checked for many examples in the zero temperature limit and well unde... |
1711.02060 | \section*{Methods}
In this work the effective nonlinear coupling was $d_{\text{eff}} = 2.5 \times 10^{-12}$ V/m, the effective mode area was $S = 1 \times 1$ $\mu$m$^2$, the waveguide length was 50.638 mm for $\kappa z = 4$, and the pump power was 20 dBm. The RF signal tones were $\Omega_1$ = 9 MHz and $\Omega_2$ = 11 ... |
1506.01008 | \section{Introduction}
Finding the ground state of strongly-correlated quantum many-body systems poses one of the main challenges of contemporary condensed matter physics. The physical properties of these systems, however, are not determined by the ground state but rather by the low-lying, elementary excitations relat... |
1506.00739 | \section*{\refname
\@mkboth{\MakeUppercase\refname}{\MakeUppercase\refname}}%
\list{\@biblabel{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}%
{\settowidth\labelwidth{\@biblabel{#1}}%
\leftmargin\labelwidth
\advance\leftmargin\labelsep
\itemsep\bibspace
\parsep\z@skip %
... |
2106.05253 | \section{Introduction}
It has long been recognised that matter in the universe is arranged along an intricate pattern known as the cosmic web \citep{bond1996}. This highly structured web results from the anisotropic gravitational collapse and hosts four main classes of substructures: massive halos, long filaments, s... |
1205.0562 | \section{#1} \setcounter{equation}{0}}
\newtheorem{theo}{Theorem}[section]
\begin{document}
\newtheorem{lem}[theo]{Lemma}
\newtheorem{prop}[theo]{Proposition}
\newtheorem{coro}[theo]{Corollary}
\newtheorem{rk}[theo]{Remark}
\title{Eta Invariant and Holonomy: the Even Dimensional Case}
\author{Xianzhe Dai\thanks{Ma... |
1205.0034 | \section{Introduction}
Cluster algebra was invented by Fomin-Zelevinsky in 2000,
attempting to understand total positivity in algebraic groups and canonical bases in quantum groups.
It has been heavily studied during the last decade due to
its wide connection to many areas in mathematics,
(for more details, see the int... |
1205.0064 | \subsection{Preliminaries} \label{Preliminaries} \
\bigskip
\begin{definition}
\label{y3}
For a graph $G$, let ${\rm ch}(G)$, the chromatic number of $G$ be the
minimal cardinal $\chi$ such that there is colouring $\bold c$ of $G$
with $\chi$ colours, that is $\bold c$ is a function from the set of
nodes of $G$ into $... |
2007.10973 | \section{Experiments}
\vspace{-0.2cm}
In this section we show qualitative and quantitative results on the task of auto-encoding and single view reconstruction of 3D shapes with comparison against several state of the art baselines. In addition to these tasks, we also demonstrate several additional features and applica... |
1208.3770 | \section{Introduction}
The Economists are interested in monitoring the welfare of the worse-off in
one given population. In this capacity, poverty measures are defined and used to
compare subgroups and to follow the evolution of the poor with respect to
time. A poverty measure is assumed to fulfill a number of ax... |
1208.3572 | \section*{Acknowledgments}
One of the authors (PVP) wishes to thank the Physics Department of King's College London for hospitality during the initial stages of this work. This work is supported by the Grants Spanish MINECO FPA 2011-23596 (JB and PVP), the Generalitat Valenciana PROMETEO - 2008/004 (JB) and by th... |
1809.03033 | \section{Introduction}
In the early twentieth century it was noticed that while the prime-counting function $\pi(x)$
and the logarithmic integral function $\textnormal{li}(x) = \int_0^x dt/\log t$ are satisfyingly close together for all values of $x$ where
both had been computed, $\textnormal{li}(x)$ always seemed to ... |
1809.03320 | \section{Introduction}
One of the most important discoveries in cosmology is the fact that the Universe is expanding at an accelerating rate. Evidence of this accelerating expansion has been observed by the astronomical observations such as Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation \cite{1}, Supernova Type Ia \cite{... |
2003.09467 | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction}
Graph sampling provides a statistical approach to study real graphs, which represent the structure of many technological, social or biological phenomena of interest. It is based on exploring the variation over all possible subsets of nodes and edges, i.e. \emph{sample gr... |
1807.09830 | \section{Introduction}
The study of deep neural network architectures evidenced their efficiency to approximate certain families of complex functions of the input domain\cite{delalleau2011shallow,pascanu2013number}. This characteristic is contrasted with the difficulty of training these neworks using the standard back... |
2004.08034 | \section{Introduction}
Improving the brightness of space-charge dominated electron sources will unlock a wealth of next generation accelerator physics applications.
For example, the largest unit cell that may be studied with single shot ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) is limited by the beam's transverse coherence ... |
2207.01758 | \section{Introduction}
\label{section:sec1}
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious disease, which emerged in December, 2019 \cite{WHO}. Early detection based on chest CT scans is important to the timely treatment of patients and the slowdown of viral transmission.
However, a volumn o... |
1204.6691 | \section{Introduction}
With the global advent of cloud, grid, cluster computing and increasing needs
for large data centers to run these services, the environmental impact of
large-scale computing paradigms is becoming a global problem. The energy
produced to power the ICT industry (and data centers constitute its maj... |
1511.08340 | \section{Introduction and an Overview of the Topic}
Properties of collective excitations in physical systems are determined by
the interplay of several fundamental ingredients, \textit{viz}., spatial
dimension, external potential acting on the corresponding physical fields\
(or wave functions), the number of independe... |
2012.06123 | \subsection{Deterministic Recurrent Models}
Recurrent networks were first used for future frame prediction in \cite{ranzato} when Ranzato et al. learnt a model to predict a quantized space of image patches.
Srivastava et al. \cite{srivastava} proposed a model to predict the future as well as the input sequence in orde... |
2103.11298 | \section{Introduction}
\label{introduction}
\begin{figure*}[t]
\centering
{\includegraphics[width=0.99\linewidth]{Figures/performance_introduction_v2.pdf}}
\caption{{\bf Exemplar visual results of snow removal.} The goal of image desnowing is to remove snow and restore high-quality snow-free images. The var... |
2106.02004 | \section{Introduction}
A theory to explain why the nucleus of an atom does not fall apart, in spite of the powerful repelling
electric force between protons, was proposed by C.N. Yang and R.L. Mills in 1954 \cite{YM54}. After quantization and systematic elimination of the divergences in the approximation schemes n... |
1910.09999 | \section{Introduction}
Let $G$ be a graph. A {\sl signed graph} is a pair $(G,\Sigma)$ with $\Sigma\subseteq E(G)$, each edge in $\Sigma$ is labelled by $-1$ and other edges are labelled by 1. The graph $G$ can be viewed as the signed graph $(G,\emptyset)$.
A circuit $C$ of $G$ is \emph{balanced} if $|C\cap\Sigma|$ is... |
1506.01321 | \section{Derivation of the excited states of an aggregate}
The eigenvalues of the matrix Hamiltonian in our main text (Equation 5) are solutions to the equation,
\begin{equation}
\left |
\begin{array}{cccccc}
\hbar\omega_0-\lambda & 0 & 0 & 0 & \cdots & 0\\
0 & \hbar\omega_1^{(1)}-\lambda & J & 0 & \cdots & 0\\
... |
2302.12342 | \section{Introduction}
This work is motivated by the question of what dynamical features of a
system are reflected by its action in first homology group. In the particular case of a toral
endomorphism, this action is represented by a homomorphism on $\mathbb{Z}^2$ and
we wish to understand what role this action plays... |
1511.05341 | \section{Introduction}
Homomorphic encryption introduced by
Rivest, Adleman and Dertouzos \cite{RAD78} in 1978, is a useful cryptographic primitive because it can translate
an operation on the ciphertexts into an operation on the corresponding plaintexts.
The property is useful for some applications, such... |
1101.5031 | \section{Introduction}
In recent years semileptonic kaon decays ($\rm K_{\ell 3}, \ell=e, \mu$)
have attracted renewed interest \cite{WG1-2010}.
These decays provide the most accurate and theoretically cleanest way
to measure $\vert V_{us} \vert$~ and can give stringent constraints on new physics
scenarios by testin... |
1101.5259 | \section{Introduction}
Let $(M,g)$ be a closed, n-dimensional Riemannian manifold and $T^{1}M$ the unit tangent bundle of $M$ considered as a closed Riemannian manifold with the Sasaki
metric. Let $X:M\longrightarrow T^{1}M$ be a unit vector field defined on $M$, regarded as a smooth section on the unit tangent bundle ... |
1101.5312 | \section{Introduction}
In the context of the gauge/gravity duality, consistent Kaluza--Klein truncations of 10- and 11-dimensional supergravity have proved to be powerful solution-generating tools. A truncation of the higher-dimensional spectrum on some compact manifold is said to be consistent if all solutions of the... |
2205.06634 | \section{Introduction}
The purpose of this work is to study
translation planes that arise from a scattered linear set
of maximum rank in a finite projective line by replacing a related hyper-regulus.
Early investigations of this kind, concerning
the scattered linear sets of pseudoregulus type in $\PG(1,q^t)$, can ... |
2202.00780 | \section{INTRODUCTION}
Magnonics is an emerging field aiming for the future low-loss wave-based computation \cite{Barman2021,Mahmoud2020,Demidov2017,Grundler2016,Chumak2015,Lenk_2010,Serga2010}. Among the splendid magnonic functionalities, chirality and non-reciprocity serve as the basic building blocks \cite{Chen2021,... |
astro-ph/0703029 | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
\setcounter{footnote}{11}
In the current paradigm of hierarchical galaxy formation, massive galaxies are built up
through a series of major and minor merger events \citep{sea78,whi78}.
Observations of galaxies at high redshift show that merging systems
are common \citep[e.g... |
2005.10715 | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro:1}
One of the most celebrated problem in the field of Celestial Mechanics is the restricted three-body problem (R3BP). Many researchers and scientists are attracted towards it due to its applications in various other fields (e.g. \cite{AA19a}, \cite{AGL19b}, \cite{A12}, \cite{AAG09... |
1711.01296 | \section{Introduction}
In the Lagrangian formalism, gravity and Yang-Mills theories seem to be completely unrelated theories. However, if one looks at the structure of their scattering amplitudes, an unexpected relationship between them arises. This relation is called the BCJ (Bern, Carrasco, Johannson) double copy~... |
2209.00035 | \section{Introduction}
The relative entropy is a measure of the distinguishability of two states. In quantum mechanics, for two density matrices $\rho$ and $\sigma$ it is defined as
\begin{equation}
S(\rho||\sigma)=\text{Tr}(\rho \log \rho-\rho \log \sigma)
\label{QMrelativeentropy}
\end{equation}
If the syst... |
1111.1045 | \section{\label{}}
\section{Introduction}
Radio and X-ray observations have revealed about 140 millisecond
pulsars (MSPs) in 26 globular clusters~\cite[GCs;][]{Freire_web}. However, the presence
of much stronger X-ray emitters can contaminate the X-ray observations
of MSPs. Because MSPs are the only known steady $\gam... |
1111.1281 | \section{Introduction}
The desire to endow important classes of $C^*$-algebras generated by partial isometries with a structure of a more general crossed product led to the concept of a partial group action, introduced in \cite{E-1}, \cite{Mc}, \cite{E0}, \cite{E1}. The new structure permitted to obtain relevant r... |
2011.14723 | \subsection{Non-rigid shape correspondence}
Non-rigid shape matching is built out of aligning points with similar features, geometric and/or photometric, and a smoothness term, making sure a point can not be mapped farther from its neighbor.
Under this umbrella, we had seen various axiomatic methods focused on distance... |
2011.14651 | \section{Introduction}
Recent growth of the quantum volume in noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices has stimulated rapid development in circuit-based quantum algorithms.
In particular, quantum machine learning (QML)~\cite{schuld2018supervised,biamonte2017quantum,dunjko2018machine} using variational quantum c... |
hep-ph/9812262 | \section{I. Quark Mass Hierarchy}
The experimental measurement a few years ago of the top quark mass
\cite{prd96} eliminated the last unknown among
the physical masses of {\it all} three generations of up--, down--,
and electron--like particles.
The masses of these particles are displayed in Table \ref{masstab... |
2202.08514 | \section{Keywords}
\section{Introduction}
\subsection{Background}
Deep neural networks, especially convolutional neural networks (CNNs) has led to big accomplishments in the computer vision field \cite{rotation}. For real-world problems, there is a scarcity of data for training purposes, so expensive efforts concern... |
math/9712219 | \section{Introduction} \label{intro}
Let ${F_n}$ denote a
free group of rank $n$. The group $\o({F_n})$ contains
mapping class groups of
compact
surfaces and maps onto $GL(n,{\mathbb Z})$. It is perhaps
not surprising
that $\o({F_n})$ behaves at times like a mapping class
group and at times
like a linear group. J. ... |
physics/9712054 | \section*{Abstract}
\else \small
\begin{center}
{\bf ABSTRACT}
\end{center}
\quotation
\fi}
\def\thebibliography#1{\section*{References\@mkboth
{REFERENCES}{REFERENCES}}\small\list
{[\arabic{enumi}]}{\settowidth\labelwidth{[#1]}\leftmargin\labelwidth
\advance\leftmargin\labelsep
\usecounter{enumi}}
\def\hskip... |
astro-ph/9712162 | \section*{Introduction}
The prodigious luminosities and compact sizes of quasars led theorists to
a model in which gas falls into a supermassive black hole through a
geometrically thin, optically thick accretion disk. If quasars contain
a hole of about $10^{8-9} M_\odot$ which is accreting at near the
Eddington limit... |
1107.2639 | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction}
The following is a classical result of Ryser, which provides a necessary and sufficient condition for completability of partial latin squares where the filled cells form a rectangle. In this and subsequent results, we shall assume that the rectangle is in the upper left ... |
1107.2861 | \section{Introduction}
The problem of acceleration in physical systems driven by time-periodic
external forces, both in classical and quantum mechanics, has a rather
long history though the results in the latter case are much less complete.
One of the most prominent examples which initiated a lot of efforts
in this fi... |
1608.08578 | \section*{Appendix}
\section{Omitted proofs}\label{app:proofs}
\rephrase{Lemma}{\ref{lem:lembitonicdrawing}}{\lembitonicdrawing}
\begin{proof}
The first and second statement hold for every $st$-ordering with $s$ and $t$ on the outer face.
For the third statement assume to the contrary, that for some $1 < k \leq |V|$ ... |
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