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1206.1725 | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
The standard model (SM) of elementary particles~\cite{glashow, weinberg, salam} provides a successful framework that describes a vast
range of particle processes involving weak, electromagetic, and strong interactions. It is widely believed, however, that the SM is
incomplete sin... |
2212.10567 | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}
{A}{ccording} to the \emph{global cancer statistics 2020}, \cite{sung2021global}, cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide.
It is a diversified group of numerous complicated diseases, rather than a single one, marked by uncontrolled cell growth and a prop... |
1708.02200 | \section{Introduction}
Since 2007 we have been engaged in a long-term program using the Carnegie
Astrometric Planet Search Camera (CAPSCam) on the Las Campanas
Observatory 2.5-m du Pont telescope to search for gas giant planets in
orbit around nearby low-mass stars by the astrometric detection method.
There are 21... |
1708.02246 | \section{Introduction and formalism}
\label{sec:Intro}
Scalable quantum computers are expected to require some form of error correction (EC) to function reliably. Unfortunately, no practical model for a self-correcting quantum memory has been proposed to date, despite considerable effort \cite{BrownMemory16}.
The mode... |
2210.07227 | \section{Introduction}
The effect of quenched disorder to critical phenomena in spin systems has been the subject of intense study for almost half a century. One of the central models has been the random bond Ising model (RBIM), which serves as a model for certain spin glass materials \cite{Edwards1975, binder1986}, c... |
0801.4915 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sect1}
Recent observations with the spectropolarimeter of the
Solar Optical Telescope (SOT) onboard the Hinode space
observatory \citep{kosugi+al07} indicate that the quiet internetwork
region (the inner regions of supergranular cells of the quiet Sun)
harbors a photospheric magnetic ... |
1812.08854 | \section{Introduction}
\label{section:introduction}
The European Spallation Source (ESS)~\cite{ess} will soon commence operations
as the most powerful neutron source in the world. Highly efficient, position sensing
neutron detectors are crucial to the scientific mission of ESS. The worldwide
shortage of $^{3}$He~\ci... |
1711.09047 | \section{Introduction}
Quasar spectra show many rest-frame ultraviolet (UV) absorption lines. According to their distances from the background quasar, absorption lines can be divided into two classes: (1) intrinsic absorption lines that are caused by the gases inside the quasar; (2) intervening absorption lines that ar... |
2109.13212 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Introduction}
The upcoming Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) is designed to meet a broad range of science goals with a single 10-year, time-domain survey.
LSST's four key science pillars are: Constraining Dark Energy \& Dark Matter, Taking an Inventory of the Solar System, Explor... |
1912.13175 | \section{Introduction}
Consider a connected undirected graph $G$ on $n$ vertices, where the edges $e$ have positive real lengths $\ell(e)$.
Consider an entity -- let's call it a robot -- that can move at speed $1$ along edges.
There are many different rules one might specify for how the robot chooses which edge to take... |
1912.13115 | \section{Introduction}
The formation of ferromagnetic and ferroelectric domain structures in thin
films is a well-known phenomenon\cite{kittel,kmf}.
Polydomain structures appear in ferroelectric thin films in order to screen the
electric depolarizing field arising
at the interfaces between the surfaces of the t... |
1912.13106 | \section{Conclusion and Future Work}
As the use of machine learning becomes more pervasive all over the world, people speaking different languages will come to expect seamless and customized experience of their own. Building a language independent model can accelerate the enablement of machine learning and cognitive s... |
1907.10721 | \section{Introduction}
The geometric phase is a phase factor acquired by a quantum system during adiabatic cyclic evolution. In 1984, M. V. Berry systematically discussed the geometric phase in non-degenerate quantum systems, and such a $\textrm{U(1)}$ Abelian geometric phase (Berry phase) appears as a phase factor on ... |
1702.00146 | \section{Introduction}
Any generic closed curve in the plane can be transformed into a simple closed curve by a finite sequence of the following local operations:
\begin{itemize}\itemsep0pt
\item \EMPH{$\arc{1}{0}$}: Remove an empty loop.
\item \EMPH{$\arc{2}{0}$}: Separate two subpaths that bound an empty bigon.... |
1301.1338 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
It is generally understood that the level of ongoing star formation
(SF) activity in a cloud correlates with the reservoir of dense
gas. This concept first became important for extragalactic research
(e.g., \citealt{gao2004:hcn}), and has since been expanded to include
th... |
quant-ph/0412001 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Introduction}
The statistics of an arbitrary quantum measurement are described by
a positive operator valued measure, or POVM (Davies~\cite{Davies}, Busch \emph{et
al}~\cite{Busch1}, Peres~\cite{Peres}, Nielsen and Chuang~\cite{Nielsen} and
references cited therein). Suppose the meas... |
1303.3993 | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
In \cite{k} J. Kinnunen proved the boundedness of the Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator given by
\[Mf(x):=\sup_{r>0} \dashint_{B(x,r)}|f(y)|dy\]
on the Sobolev space $W^{1,p}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ for $1<p \leq \infty.$ Since $Mf$ is never integrable for non-trivial functions this c... |
1303.4063 | \section{Introduction}
Copper compounds have been extensively studied as spin-$\frac12$ quantum
magnets, material prototypes of quantum spin models. While local properties of
these compounds are usually similar and involve nearly isotropic Heisenberg
spins, the variability of the magnetic behavior stems from the unique... |
2109.08822 | \section{Supplemental Material}
\section{Appendix}
\subsection{Constraints on ULMBs coupled to B and L}
\begin{figure}[H]
\centering \includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{BlimitsSimple.png}
\caption{Plot equivalent to Fig. \ref{fig:B-Llimits} for B-coupled dark matter ULMBs.}
\label{fig:XYZlimits}
\end{figure}
We ass... |
2008.09631 | \section{Introduction}
The virtual braid group is obtained from the classical braid group by adding generators called virtual crossings, and relations. It is easy to see how two braid words which contain only classical generators and represent the same element in the classical braid group need to represent the same el... |
2008.09600 | \section{Introduction}
Higher-form global symmetries \cite{Gaiotto:2014kfa} of theories play an important role in characterizing refined properties, such as the spectrum of line- and higher-dimensional defect operators. In the simplest instance they correspond to the center symmetries of Yang-Mills theories, under w... |
2212.11611 | \section{Introduction}
Due to the prevailing use of online social networking sites, social networks are very much a hot topic in network science. Nowadays, we have a good understanding of network structures and attention has shifted more towards their prediction, influence, and control. Full control of social networks ... |
1812.03143 | \section{White Paper Information}
Correspondence can be directed to Keaton Bell: \href{mailto:bell@mps.mpg.de}{bell@mps.mpg.de}
\begin{enumerate}
\item {\bf Science Category:} Exploring the Transient Optical Sky
\item {\bf Survey Type Category:} Deep Drilling fields, mini survey
\item {\bf Observing Strategy Catego... |
2005.06399 | \section{Introduction} \label{Sec:Introduction}
For computing numerical solutions of the compressible Euler equations, upwind biasing of spatial derivatives is done. To achieve this upwind biasing, various
techniques are used, two of which are using approximate Riemann solvers \cite{roe1981} and Flux vector splitting \... |
1703.10046 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Over the past 20 years the number of exoplanet detections has soared most notably due to contributions from the \textit{Kepler space telescope} (Kepler herein). As of November 2016 Kepler has detected 3414 confirmed planets, with 575 existing in multi-planet systems (exoplanet.e... |
1703.10241 | \section{Introduction}
Powerful relativistic jets are often observed in various astrophysical phenomena expanding a very wide range of space-time scales, from pulsars to active galactic nuclei (AGN).
The mechanism to power such energetic phenomena --even though not jet fully understood-- is believed to reside on the m... |
1806.05112 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec_intro}
The goal of the supervised learning is to estimate label $y$ by learning an estimator $\hat{y}(X)$ as a function of associated feature $X$.
Arguably, an estimator of better predictive power is preferred, and standard supervised learning algorithm learns $\hat{y}(X)$ from existin... |
1112.2152 | \section{Introduction}
\par
Progress in neutrino oscillation experiments gradually confirms that neutrinos are massive and oscillate \cite{PDG}. However, the theoretical understanding of the origin of the mixing pattern and the smallness of neutrino masses has not yet been settled. Many suggestions on possible models ... |
1112.2146 | \section{#1}\setcounter{equation}{0}}
\def\ft#1#2{{\textstyle{{\scriptstyle #1}\over {\scriptstyle #2}}}}
\def\fft#1#2{{#1 \over #2}}
\def\mathcal{A}{\mathcal{A}}
\def\mathcal{B}{\mathcal{B}}
\def\mathcal{C}{\mathcal{C}}
\def\mathcal{D}{\mathcal{D}}
\def\mathcal{E}{\mathcal{E}}
\def\mathcal{F}{\mathcal{F}}
\def\math... |
2104.09193 | \section{Introduction}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.49\textwidth]{Open_v2.pdf}
\caption{Example interactions for open challenges on generating referring expressions.
\label{fig:overview}
\end{figure}
In a human-robot collaborative task, it is critical that verbal communication betw... |
2105.02513 | \section{}
\begin{acknowledgments}
We thank E. Iwaniczko, Q. Wang, and R. S. Crandall and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory for preparation of the $a$-Si:H films; G. Hohensee and D. G. Cahill for sound velocity and thermal conductivity measurements; and A. Fefferman for helpful discussions. The UCB portion of th... |
1805.09843 | \section{Introduction}\label{introduction}
Word embeddings, learned from massive unstructured text data, are widely-adopted building blocks for Natural Language Processing (NLP).
By representing each word as a fixed-length vector, these embeddings can group semantically similar words, while implicitly encoding rich lin... |
2003.08227 | \section*{Abstract}
{\bf
Recent transport experiments in spatially modulated quasi-1D structures created on top of LaAlO$_3$/SrTiO$_3$ interfaces have revealed some interesting features, including phenomena conspicuously absent without the modulation. In this work, we focus on two of these remarkable features and provi... |
2103.00461 | \section{Introduction}
Consider the damped biharmonic plate equation in three dimensions
\begin{align}\label{eqn}
\Delta^2u(x, k) - k^2 u(x, k) - {\rm i}k\sigma u(x, k) = f(x), \quad x\in\mathbb R^3,
\end{align}
where $k>0$ is the wavenumber, $\sigma>0$ is the damping coefficient, and $f\in L^2(\mathbb R^3)$ is a assu... |
1904.04297 | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{C}{ompared} to 2D photometric images, 3D data in the form of mesh surfaces provides more information and is invariant to illumination, out-of-plane rotations and color variations. Further, it provides geometric cues, which enable better separation of the object of interest from its ... |
1907.10340 | \section*{\large{Supplemental Material}}
\section{optimality of the conventional strategy}
In this section, we show that the strategy presented in the example paragraph of the main text is optimal among conventional strategies of quantum metrology \cite{sm2006Giovannetti10401}.
Let
\begin{eqnarray}\label{sm-channel}... |
1503.07171 | \section{Introduction}
Next generation ground-based gravitational wave (GW) detectors such as
aLIGO~\citep{LIGO}
are expected to reach
design sensitivity within the next few years. Among their most
promising sources are mergers of compact objects (COs), including black
hole--neutron star (BH--NS) binaries. BH--NS mer... |
quant-ph/9708052 | \section{Introduction}
In spite of the linearity of the Schr\"odinger and Liouville-von
Neumann equations, nonlinearly evolving states are
encountered in quantum mechanics quite often. Typically this is
a result of approximations used in a description of collective
phenomena (cf. nonlinear interferences in a Bose-Ein... |
2001.04689 | \section{Introduction}
The electrocardiogram (ECG) is a recording of the electrical activity of the heart, obtained with the help of electrodes located on the human body. This is one of the most important methods for the diagnosis of heart diseases. The ECG is usually treated by a doctor. Recently, automatic ECG analy... |
1511.00768 | \section{Introduction}
The discoveries of new extra-solar planets continue to be exciting
and have revealed many new implications about the formation and evolution of
planetary systems.
Though the majority of them was detected by the method of Doppler shift
(Marcy \& Butler 1998),
other methods such as transit, dir... |
1511.00652 | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Linear theories of discrete complex analysis look back on a long and varied history. We refer here to the survey of Smirnov \cite{Sm10S}. Already Kirchhoff's circuit laws describe a discrete harmonicity condition for the potential function whose gradient describes the current ... |
1902.11129 | \section{Introduction}
Our cosmological model is built upon the assumptions that it is homogeneous and isotropic on large scale. The metric for such a cosmic model can be geometrically represented by the Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) metric given by
\begin{equation}
ds^2 = -c^2 dt^2 + a^2(t) \left[ \frac{... |
0812.4659 | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
Although historically supersymmetric quantum mechanics (SUSY QM) was originally introduced by Witten \cite{Witten:1981} as a toy model of studying patterns of supersymmetry breakings, it was soon recognized that SUSY QM was interesting in its own right; for example, it provides ... |
1705.09743 | \section{Introduction}
The discovery of the Higgs boson in 2012 at the LHC has attested the success
of the standard model (SM) in describing the observed fermions and their
interactions. However, there exist many theoretical issues or open questions
that have no satisfactory answer. In particular, the observed flavour... |
1705.10123 | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Mean Field Games (briefly MFG) is a very recent mathematical theory
modelling the macroscopic behaviour of a large population of indistinguishable agents
who wish to minimize a cost depending on the distribution of all the agents in a noisy environment.
It was proposed independe... |
1906.05518 | \section{Introduction}
It is commonly agreed that even massive resources for language \& vision~\cite{imagenet,chen2015microsoft,visualgenome} will never fully cover the huge range of objects to be found ``in the wild''.
This motivates research in zero-shot learning~\cite{lampert2009,socher2013zero,anne2016deep},
wh... |
1906.05294 | \section{Majorana Assisted Scattering Calculation}
The purpose of this part of the supplement is to derive Eq.~\ref{eq:Jresults},\ref{eq:Gresult} of the main text. This is a ``standard" but tedious calculation using the bosonized description of the edge[S1]. While some of the formulae appear messy, the procedure is... |
2211.07014 | \section{Introduction}\label{Sec:1}
Breathers are coherent nonlinear pulsating wave structures living on an unstable background, which theoretical description represents a generalization of the soliton theory \cite{NovikovBook1984,AblowitzBook1981,akhmediev1997nonlinear}. The interest in studies breathers is both theo... |
2211.07180 | \section*{Results}
As a preliminary step, let us characterize, for the years 2010 and 2019, the WTN using the Louvain method for cluster detection \cite{blondel08,dugue15}.
The results presented in Fig.~\ref{fig1} show
the existence of 3 main clusters formed around the USA, China and Germany.
We observe that from 2010 ... |
2112.12743 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
\vspace{-6pt}
In recent years, enormous progress has been made in the neural text-to-speech (TTS), which benefits from the development of sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq) neural models~\cite{bahdanau2014neural,sutskever2014sequence}, making it possible to synthesize highly intel... |
1610.01547 | \section{Introduction}\labell{s:intro}
Let $(M,\omega)$ be a symplectic manifold, and let $G$ be a Lie group acting properly on $M$. The action is \textbf{Hamiltonian} if it preserves the symplectic form, and there exists a $G$-equivariant\footnote{Some authors do not require the $G$-equivariant condition on a mome... |
1610.01579 | \section{derivation of Eq. \ref{eq:BSRR}} |
2203.03942 | \section{Introduction}\label{sec1}
Let $\mathbb{N}$ be the set of non-negative integers, $\mathbb{N}_{+}$ the set of positive integers and for given $k\in\mathbb{N}$ we define $\mathbb{N}_{\geq k}$ as the set of integers $\geq k$. Moreover, for a given set $A$, by $|A|$ we denote the number of elements of the set $A$.... |
1007.3718 | \section{Introduction}
Stellar clusters are among the most universally-useful entities studied by modern day astronomers. Having a set of singly-aged, same-distance stars in an identifiable cluster provides stellar and galactic astronomers with powerful diagnostic tools to interpret our universe. Of particular inter... |
1007.3436 | \section{Introduction}
The Riemann zeta function is defined as the series
$$
\zeta(n) = \frac{1}{1^n} + \frac{1}{2^n} +\frac{1}{3^n} + \ldots + \frac{1}{k^n} + \ldots
$$
for any integer $n\geq 2$. Three centuries ago Euler found that $\zeta(2) = \pi^2/6$, which is an irrational number.
Exact value of $\zeta(3)$ is st... |
1007.3938 | \section{Introduction}
Metamaterials (MMs) are artificial materials engineered to achieve unusual electromagnetic (EM) properties that are not normally found in nature\cite{Fang}-\cite{Feng}. A comprehensive review can be found in the book\cite{Capolino}. Distinguished from photonic crystals, metamaterials are made ... |
2206.01795 | \section*{Acknowledgements}
BKS is supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) CAREER Award DMS-1945396. SK is partially supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 21H03403. SV, KF, and SK were supported by JST, CREST Grant Number JPMJCR15D3, Japan.
\section{Conclusion \& Discussion}
\label{sec:discussion}
In this p... |
2205.11622 | \section{Introduction} \label{introduction}
Sparse tensor algebra is used in many machine learning domains such as
graph neural networks~\cite{fusedMM,FeatGraph,hamilton2018inductive}.
Tensors are a generalization of matrices and are typically represented using n-dimensional arrays.
However, when used to represent la... |
2002.05954 | \section{Introduction}
Reinforcement learning (RL) can solve long horizon control tasks with continuous state-action spaces in robotics \cite{lillicrap2015ddpg, levine2015deepvisuo, schulman2017proximal}, such as locomotion \cite{hwangbo2019learning}, manipulation \cite{akkaya2019solving}, or human-robot interaction ... |
2002.06055 | \chapter{\texorpdfstring{$2$}{2}-Categories and Bicategories}
\label{ch:2cat_bicat}
In this chapter we define bicategories and $2$-categories. The definition of a bicategory and a series of examples are given in \Cref{sec:bicategories}. Several useful unity properties in bicategories are presented in \Cref{sec:bicat... |
1109.2510 | \section{Introduction}
QKD protocols such as BB84\cite{bb84}, and six-state\cite{sixstate1}, as they are defined in the literature, require the alignment of Alice and Bob's local measurement frames: $X_A=X_B=X$, $Y_A=Y_B=Y$ and $Z_A=Z_B=Z$ where ${X,Y,Z}$ stand for the Pauli operators ${\sigma_X,\sigma_Y,\sigma_Z}$.
... |
1503.08731 | \section{Introduction}
Developing the theory of quantum measurements, von Neumann \cite{Neumann_1}
mentioned that the process of quantum measurements is analogous to decision
making. The formal analogy between these processes has been described in
several mathematical works \cite{Benioff_2,Holevo_3,Holevo_4,Holev... |
1503.08555 | \section{INTRODUCTION\label{introduction}}
Occurrence of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) in Luminous Infrared Galaxies (LIRGs) has been extensively discussed since there are many lines of evidence for direct and causal relationship between them.
LIRGs predominantly emit at far infrared (FIR), and the infrared (IR) lumin... |
2103.17042 | \section{Edge rings}
In this section unless stated otherwise $G=K_{r_1,\dots r_n}$ is the complete multipartite graph on $[d]$ with vertices partitioned $V(G)=V_1\sqcup\dots \sqcup V_n$, $n\geq 2$, $|V_k|=r_k$ for all $k$. In this context $d=\sum_{k=1}^n r_k$ and without loss of generality, we will always assume ... |
1210.5214 | \section{Introduction}
Supersymmetry is a well-studied and elegant extension of the Standard Model of particle physics. If supersymmetry is broken near the weak scale, not only is it possible to achieve gauge coupling unification, but the Hierarchy Problem is also addressed through cancellations of the quadratically ... |
2111.12520 | \section{Computation of the anisotropic $2^{nd}$Piola-Kirchhoff tensor \label{PKtensoraniso_computation_app}}
The transformation is considered as reversible through quasi-static assumption, so the $2^{nd}$ Piola Kirchhoff tensor $\tens{\Sigma}$ is as in equation \ref{PK_VS_psi}: $\displaystyle \tens{\Sigma} = 2 \partia... |
1907.11099 | \section{Introduction}
We consider only finite and simple graphs. For all the graph theoretic terms which are used in this paper but not defined, we refer the reader to~\cite{Bondy}.
Let $G=(V,E)$ be a graph. We denote by $|V(G)|$ and $|E(G)|$ the size of the vertex set and the edge set of $G$, respectively. The \tex... |
1508.04696 | \section{Introduction}
We will study spectral characteristics of self-adjoint operators of the form
\[
H_V \phi
=
-\phi'' + V\phi
\]
in $L^2({\mathbb R})$, where $V:{\mathbb R} \to {\mathbb R}$ is a bounded, continuous function, known as the \emph{potential}. Our results concern the class of (uniformly) \emph{limit-pe... |
cs/0601074 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
In universal data compression, a single code achieves asymptotically optimal performance on all sources within a given family. Intuition suggests that a good universal coder should acquire an accurate model of the source statistics from a sufficiently long data sequence and inc... |
astro-ph/0601334 | \section{INTRODUCTION}
It has become clear that massive clusters are not extremely rare at high redshifts ($z>0.8$) and
the presence of these large collapsed structures when the age of the
Universe is less than half its present value
is no longer in conflict with our current understanding
of the structure formation, ... |
2201.09414 | \section{Introduction}
Turbo codes \cite{397441,Vucetic:2000:TCP:352869} and low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes \cite{Gallager63low-densityparity-check} are two important classes of codes that have been adopted in various communications standards. These codes are capable of achieving near-Shannon-limit performance a... |
1909.11281 | \section{Introduction}
\subsubsection{Problem description and motivation}
Signed graphs represent networked systems with interactions classified as
positive or negative, e.g., cooperation or antagonism, promotion or
inhibition, attraction or repulsion. Such graphs naturally arise in diverse
fields, e.g., political sc... |
1909.11247 | \section{Introduction}
This paper concerns a relation between the double affine Hecke algebras of Cherednik and certain algebras associated to the punctured and unpunctured torus that are defined using skein theory. As partial motivation, we first briefly discuss previous results in the $\mathfrak{sl}_2$ case of the Ka... |
astro-ph/9804305 | \section{Introduction\label{sec:adia-intro}}
ZZ Cetis, also called DAVs, are variable white dwarfs with hydrogen
atmospheres. Their photometric variations are associated with
nonradial gravity-modes (g-modes); for the first conclusive proof, see
Robinson et al.\, (\cite{scaling-robinson82}). These stars have shallow
... |
hep-ph/9804362 | \section{INTRODUCTION}
In the standard model of elementary particle physics, the $SU{\left( 2
\right)} \times U{\left( 1 \right)}$ symmetry is spontaneously
broken to a residual $U{\left(1\right)}_{EM}$, generating mass for the $W^\pm$
and $Z$ gauge bosons and the matter fields. A possible cause for the
symmetry br... |
gr-qc/9804064 | \subsection*{Acknowledgement} #1}
\makeatother
\newcommand{\Title}[1]{\noindent {\Large #1} \\}
\newcommand{\Author}[2]{\noindent{\large\bf #1}\\[2ex]\noindent{\it #2}\\}
\newcommand{\Abstract}[1]{\vskip 2mm \begin{center}
\parbox{16.4cm}{\small\noindent #1} \end{center}\bigskip}
\newcommand{\foom}[1]{\protect\f... |
hep-th/9804077 | \section{Introduction}
\label{int}
I wish to present arguments favoring a scenario in
which gravity can arise as a particular effect
in the framework of the conventional
Yang-Mills gauge theory \cite{YM}
formulated in flat space-time.
The idea was first reported in \cite{IAP}, this
paper presents it in detail.
We ... |
math/9804132 | \section*{Introduction}
In this paper, we propose a class of discrete dynamical systems
associated with affine root systems, by constructing new
representations of affine Weyl groups.
This class of difference systems covers certain types of
discrete Painlev\'e equations,
and is expected also to provide
a gener... |
astro-ph/9804251 | \section{INTRODUCTION}
The high power output from quasars is usually attributed to
the combination of a supermassive black hole with a surrounding accretion disk.
This belief is supported by a number of observations that indicate the
presence of a deep gravitational potential well or a hot gas disk
at the center of ... |
1901.11331 | \section{Introduction}
$K$-means is one of the most popular clustering methods.
This is because its algorithm is simple and can be executed at high speed in linear time with respect to the number of data.
However, it is necessary to specify the number of clusters in advance.
Therefore, it is necessary to apply some... |
1901.11250 | \section{Introduction}
\quad \quad The trapped ions system is one of the most attractive candidates for quantum computing\cite{Klimov2003Qutrit}, offering a long coherence time and a high-fidelity quantum operation\cite{ballance2016high}. The quantum
charge-coupled device (QCCD)\cite{kielpinski2002architecture} is on... |
1702.06517 | \section{Introduction}
A general choice of $k$ hypersurfaces in $\mathbb{P}^r$ will intersect in a locus of dimension $r-k$. Equivalently, a general choice of $k$ homogenous polynomials in $K[X_0,\ldots,X_r]$ form a regular sequence. It is a closed condition for a sequence of hypersurfaces to not intersect properly, an... |
1006.3866 | \section{Introduction}
The Monte Carlo simulation method has developed into one of the standard tools for
the investigation of statistical mechanical systems undergoing first-order or
continuous phase transitions \cite{binder:book2}. While the formulation of the
Metropolis-Hastings algorithm \cite{metropolis:53a,hasti... |
2009.09277 | \section{Introduction}
Polar codes can achieve the capacity of any binary-input symmetric channel with low-complexity encoding and \ac{sc} decoding algorithms when the code length tends towards infinity \cite{arikan}. These codes were recently adopted in the control channel of the enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) scen... |
2009.00627 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Polar plumes are bright structures observed in the polar coronal holes of the Sun, which extend from the solar surface far into the corona, and with a geometry similar to open magnetic field lines (see, e.g., \citealt{DeForest_2001b}). Several studies published in the literatur... |
1506.05980 | \section{Introduction}
Today, cloud computing is already omnipresent and starts pervading all aspects of our life, whether in the private area or in the business domain. The annual market value related to cloud computing is estimated to be in the region of USD 150 billion, and will probably grow by the year 2018 to ar... |
1506.06111 | \section{Introduction and Outline}\label{intro}
This paper is motivated by a remarkable physical observation. When two distinct 2-dimensional materials with favorable crystalline structures are joined along an edge, there exist propagating modes, {\it e.g.} electronic or photonic, whose energy remains localized in a ... |
2004.03609 | \section{Introduction}
Chiral multifold fermions have received much attention of modern condensed matter research in recent years \cite{armitage18rmp,bradlyn16sc,isobe16prb,tang17prl,boettcher20prl,rao19n,sanchez19n,schroter19np,takane19prl,lv19prb,Schroter20sc}. These fermions possess a topologically protected degene... |
1111.5062 | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
The availability of electronic information is essential to the
functioning of our communities. Increasingly often, data needs to be shared between
parties without complete mutual trust. Naturally, this raises important privacy concerns
with respect to the disclosure and the lon... |
1111.5340 | \section[Introduction]{Introduction}
Let $C$ be a fixed compact convex shape, and let $X_n$ be a
random sample of $n$ points chosen uniformly and
independently from $C$. Let $Z_n$ denote the number of
vertices of the convex hull of $X_n$. R{\'e}nyi and Sulanke
\cite{rs-udkhv-63} showed that $E[Z_n] = O(k \log{n})$, w... |
1111.5168 | \section{Introduction}
In geometric group theory, weak amenability is an approximation property which is satisfied by a large class of groups (for example free or even hyperbolic groups \cite{ozawa2007weak}) but is strong enough to give interesting properties for the von Neumann algebras associated to these groups (fo... |
2109.09610 | \section*{Other titles in \nowfnt@journaltitle}}
\subsection{Editor-in-Chief}
\journalchiefeditor{Yonina Eldar}{Weizmann Institute\\Israel}
\subsection{Editors}
\begin{multicols}{3}\raggedcolumns
\journaleditor{Pao-Chi Chang}{National Central University}
\journaleditor{Pamela Cosman}{University of California, San D... |
1810.00409 | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
Let $\mathsf{G}$ be a finite group and $\mathsf{Irr}(\mathsf{G}) = \{\chi_0,\chi_1, \ldots, \chi_\ell\}$ be the set of ordinary (complex) irreducible characters of $\mathsf{G}$. Fix a faithful (not necessarily irreducible)
character $\alpha$ and generate a Markov chain on $\maths... |
1810.00447 | \section{Missing proofs of Subsection~\ref{sec:HBY-analysis}}
\label{sec:proof-of-alg1}
\begin{proof}{\textbf{Proof of Lemma~\ref{claim:full-case-comp1}:}}
The revenue of Algorithm~\ref{algorithm:hybrid} in this case is $ ALG_1(\vec{v}) = b - (1-a) \left[ q_{2,e}(1) + q_{2,f}(1) \right],$ which is decreasing in $q_{2,e... |
1411.7175 | \section{Introduction}
Because they can be viewed as large atoms, colloids
have been used to perform detailed explorations of equilibrium
materials. Experimental studies of colloidal systems
have largely contributed to the development of
accurate statistical mechanics descriptions of
classical states of matter~\ci... |
1206.3871 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The s-process is responsible for creating about half of the elements
heavier than iron that are observed in the solar system\
\citep{SNE08}. This process involves the slow capture of neutrons
(slower than the average $\beta$-decay rate of unstable nuclei) onto
seed material, he... |
2112.11450 | \section{Introduction}
Learning effective data representations is crucial to the success of any machine learning model. Recent years have seen a surge in algorithms for unsupervised representation learning that leverage the vast amounts of unlabeled data~\cite{chen2020simple,gidaris2018unsupervised,lee2017unsupervised,... |
2211.06253 | \section{Introduction}
A solution of a geometric flow, such as the Ricci flow or mean curvature flow, is called ancient if it exists on a time interval of the form $(-\infty,T]$. Rescaling shows that such solutions model the flow in regions of high curvature. Therefore, determining the possible shapes of ancient solut... |
1903.03697 | \section{Introduction}
Mobility in urban environments is becoming a major issue on the global scale~\cite{LevyBuonocoreEtAl2010}.
The main reasons are an increasing population with higher mobility demands and a slowly adapting infrastructure~\cite{CIA:2018}, resulting in serious congestion problems.
In addition, the us... |
2201.10589 | \section{Introduction}
Symmetric tensor gauge theories \cite{Gu:2006vw,Xu:2006,Pankov:2007,Xu2008,Gu:2009jh,rasmussen,Slagle:2018kqf,Du:2021pbc} are non-relativistic field theories, which have been studied extensively in recent years due to their association with fracton models \cite{Pretko:2016kxt,Pretko:2016lgv,Pret... |
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