arxiv_id stringlengths 0 16 | text stringlengths 10 1.65M |
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1803.10189 | \section{Acknowledgment window size analysis}
One can conclude from the results in Section 4 two findings:
First, as the BER is smaller, 11ax/256 outperforms
11ax/64 from larger PHY rates. Second, the MCS from which
11ax/256 outperforms 11ax/64 is not dependent on the MSDU size.
We want to investigate these phenomena ... |
2209.13123 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Intro}
The most-congested 25 cities in the United States are estimated to have an annual congestion economic loss of \$50 billion \cite{pishue2017us}. Intelligent transportation systems have the potential to reduce the economic losses incurred by growing transportation challenges. A... |
1911.11324 | \section{Introduction}
Twitter, or social media in general, is a vast space for users to express opinions and sentiments. The proliferation of social media networks accelerates the generation of public health data at an unprecedented rate, allowing big data computing approaches to achieve innovative and impactful resea... |
2204.13958 | \section*{}
\vspace{-1cm}
\footnotetext{\textit{$^{a}$~Thomas Young Centre and Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK}}
\footnotetext{\textit{$^{b}$~Thomas Young Centre and Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK}}
\foot... |
2005.05945 | \section{Methodology, Modeling and Optimization}
\label{sec:Method}
\subsection{Income, Consumption and Savings}
The initial pre-disaster income, $i_o$, is:
\begin{equation}
\begin{aligned}
i_o &= i_o^L + i_o^{oth} + i_o^h \\
&= i_o^L + \pi k_o^{oth} + \pi k_o^h
\end{aligned}
\end{equation}
where $i_o^L, i_... |
2209.04978 | \section{Introduction}
Let $G$ be a compact connected Lie group with Lie algebra $\g$. Suppose that $M$ is a Hamiltonian $G$-space, i.e. a symplectic manifold equipped with a symplectic action of $G$ and equivariant moment map $\mu : M \longrightarrow \g^*.$ The symplectic or Marsden--Weinstein \cite{MarsdenWeinst... |
1507.03407 | \section{Solving patrolling problems with a fully connected environment}
\label{app-algorithm}
Let $\mathcal{G} = (U,T\hat{u},E,d)$ be a patrolling problem where
$T = U$, $E = U \times U$, and let $S$ be the signature of $\mathcal{G}$.
We start by defining the semantics for the
``strategy expressions'' introduced i... |
hep-ph/9703336 | \section{Introduction}
One of the ways $CP$ violation can manifest itself is in the
particle-antiparticle imbalance in mass eigenstates of
neutral meson systems.
In the case of the neutral kaon, it can be measured as the asymmetry between
$K_L\to \pi^- \ell^+ \nu$ and $K_L\to \pi^+ \ell^- \nu$ \cite{PDG,Kaon}:
\begin... |
cond-mat/9703035 | \section{Introduction}
Physical properties of the vortex structure in high temperature
superconductors are strongly dependent on the values of some external
parameters, such as magnetic field, anisotropy, and quenched disorder.\cite
{blatter} Some of these properties -as for example the existence of a first
order melt... |
1210.5531 | \section*{Appendix}
This appendix is split into four sections. The first one introduces the notation and repeats the solution of the fermionic quantum marginal problem. In the second section we explain how to simplify the pinning analysis by truncating the spectrum. This amounts to the proof of statement (13), a relat... |
1912.06563 | \section*{Introduction}
Operads are mathematical structures which have been intensively studied in the context of
topology, algebra \cite{LV12} but also of combinatorics~\cite{CSLC} ---see for
example~\cite{Men15, Gir18} for general references on symmetric and non-symmetric operads,
set-operads through species, {\em et... |
1704.04130 | \section{Introduction}
Many oscillatory systems enter stable limit cycles as their dynamic steady state. If such systems are coupled, they often interact only through their positions along their periodic orbit, their phases. The simplest prototypical model to describe such coupled phase oscillators is the celebrated K... |
2011.05625 | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
With the growing complexity of machine learning models, especially models in recommender system, how to deal with abundant input features effectively and efficiently becomes a crucial problem.
For online recommender in industrial setting, models are often trained on billion-sca... |
2211.03181 | \section{Introduction}
\label{Intro.3-CPC}
In the analysis of multivariate data, it is frequently desirable to employ statistical methods which are insensitive to the presence of outliers in the sample. To address the problem of outliers, it is important to develop robust statistical procedures. Most statistical proced... |
1005.3709 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Two lines in an affine space $\mathbb{R}^N$ are called {\em skew}
if they are neither parallel nor have a point in common or
equivalently if their affine span has dimension $3$. More
generally, affine subspaces $U_1,\ldots, U_l$ of $\mathbb{R}^N$
are called {\em skew} if their... |
0901.1535 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The study of heavy flavour production at HERA provides an important
test of perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics (pQCD) and also
valuable information for the measurements to be made at the LHC.
I will discuss a small selection of the many measurements
of heavy flavour production... |
0901.2694 | \section{Introduction}
Statistical analysis of the energy distribution is the base of the black body
radiation \cite{Planck1} and the Einstein's theory of the light emission and absorption
\cite{Einstein_Q}. Success of Einstein hypothesis of photons, de Broglie wave concept
of particles \cite{dB} and Schr\"odinger's eq... |
1403.5310 | \section{Introduction}
In spite of being an attractive material with excellent electronic properties \cite{ahcn09}, practical applications of graphene as in conventional semiconductor devices are still questionable due to its gapless nature. In particular, the ON/OFF current ratio is low while the saturation of curre... |
0912.1170 | \section{Introduction}
Besides the intrinsic interest in open clusters (OCs) in their own right, it is generally
accepted that these objects are fundamental landmarks to probe the Galactic disk
properties (see, e.g., Friel 1995). They are among the very few Galactic objects for which
meaningful distances can be der... |
0912.1889 | \section{The XMM-Newton FERO project}
The FERO project is based on one of the largest collection of Type-1 radio quiet AGN (149) ever assembled with targeted {\it XMM-Newton} observations. It aims at establishing on a statistical base how often the effects of X-ray illumination of relativistic accretion disks are prese... |
0912.2185 | \section{Introduction and results}
Since the appearance of the paper \cite{A:V:V}, monotonicity
properties
of the functions
\begin{equation}\label{eq:Fa}
F_a(x)=\frac{\ln \Gamma (x+1)}{x\ln(ax)}, \quad x>0, a>0
\end{equation}
have attracted the attention of several authors in connection with
monotonicity propert... |
0912.1329 | \section{Introduction}
One popular measure for evaluating the goodness of scheduling algorithms,
is the maximum completion time (makespan) of any job.
Typically the objective is to find a schedule that minimizes
the maximum completion time over all jobs. If jobs arrive over
time, or have release times, then we measure... |
0911.2621 | \section{INTRODUCTION}
Big Bang nucleosynthesis begins about three minutes after the Big
Bang, when the universe has cooled down sufficiently to form
stable protons and neutrons, after baryogenesis. The relative
abundances of these particles follow from simple thermodynamical
arguments, combined with the way that the ... |
0911.2541 | \section{Introduction}
Let $X$ be a finite {\it regular} cell complex of dimension $d$ and
let $\mathbf{K}$ be a field. Following \cite{CPS1}, we will associate to
$X$, under certain global assumptions, a quadratic $K$-algebra $R(X)$
(defined below). The main focus of \cite{CPS1} is to determine the
combinatorial pr... |
0911.2752 | \section*{Introduction}
A ring $R$ is defined to be $K_n$-regular, if the map $K_n(R) \to
K_n(R[t_1,\dots,t_r])$ induced by the canonical inclusion is an
isomorphism for all $r \geqslant 0$~\cite[Definition~2.2]{bass1}. It
was proved by Quillen~\cite[Corollary of Theorem~8]{quillen} that a
(left) regular noetherian ri... |
0911.3642 | \section{Introduction}
The study of accretion processes is of fundamental astrophysical importance,
being ubiquitous on both the largest and smallest scales, i.e. ranging from
accretion by supermassive black holes in the center of galaxies at one end
to star and planet formation at the other. Here we are interested in... |
0911.2852 | \section*{Abstract}
We present an Evolutionary Placement Algorithm (EPA) for the rapid assignment of sequence fragments (short reads) to branches of
a given phylogenetic tree under the Maximum Likelihood (ML) model.
The accuracy of the algorithm is evaluated on several real-world data sets and
compared to placement... |
2202.13827 | \section{\label{sec:Int}Introduction}
Mercury telluride based heterostructures belong to the most widely used materials for sensitive and fast infrared/terahertz (IR/THz) detectors~\cite{Capper1997,Norton2002,Henini2002,Rogalski2005,Dvoretsky2010,Downs2013,Rogalski2018,Vanamala2019} and are among the most promising... |
0805.0253 | \section{Introduction}
Neutrinos from astrophysical sources and long-baseline experiments
are powerful probes of potential new physics. They have already been
used to discover and measure the novel phenomena of neutrino
oscillations, thereby establishing that neutrino have masses
\cite{Strumia:2006db, Totsuka:1991dm}... |
0805.1718 | \section{Introduction}
The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) in Upton, NY has just finished its 8$^{th}$ year of operation. The PHENIX Collaboration with its to--date 476 scientists from 67 institutions and 14 Nations has collected in the recent d--Au and p--p run a rec... |
0805.0402 | \section{Introduction}
A large variety of physical systems can be described in terms of an
elastic string interacting with a quenched random potential. The role of
such a string can be played by a domain wall in a two-dimensional magnet,
a vortex line in a superconductor, a dislocation in a crystal, and so on;
however... |
2107.01804 | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
Clustering is a fundamental problem with many applications in machine learning, statistics, and data analysis. Although many formulations of clustering are NP-hard in the worst case, many heuristics and approximation algorithms exist and are widely deployed in practice. Unfort... |
2110.09739 | \section[1]{Introduction}
Our object in this paper is to study a gradient pseudo-Ricci soliton on a real hypersurface of a non-flat complex space form under the assumption that the structure vector field of a real hypersurface is an eigen vector field of the Ricci tensor. The concept of gradient pseudo-Ricci soliton... |
1311.7281 | \section{Introduction}
Gravity is supposed to be the only dominant force at large distances during the present epoch. According to this and due to several puzzles concerning the evolution of the Universe (for instance dark energy, dark matter and so on), it is reasonable to consider that we might have not fully underst... |
1311.7120 | \section{Introduction}
Our purpose is to prove maximal inequalities for purely discontinuous
martingales taking values in $L_q$ spaces, with bounds expressed
in terms of predictable elements only. In particular, if $\mu$ is a
random measure with compensator $\nu$ and $\bar{\mu}:=\mu-\nu$, the main
result takes the form... |
hep-ph/9404341 | \section{Introduction}
\hspace{0.6cm}One of the most important problems of modern
neutrino physics is the
investigation of neutrino properties \cite{1}: neutrino masses and mixings,
nature of massive neutrinos (Dirac or Majorana), electromagnetic properties
of neutrinos, etc. In this paper we shall be interested in ... |
hep-th/9404160 | \section{Introduction}
Some time ago G.Ponzano and T.Regge discovered a connection between
the expansion of the $6j$-symbol and the partition function for $3D$
euclidean quantum gravity \cite{PR}. These ideas were developed by
M.Carfora, M.Martellini and A.Marzuoli for the $4D$ euclidean quantum gravity
\cite{CMM}... |
gr-qc/9404028 | \section{Introduction}
For many years unstable quantum states were represented by Gamow vectors
\cite{1}, i.e., eigenvectors corresponding to complex eigenvalues of the
hamiltonian. But since the hamiltonian is self adjoint,
if we use a Hilbert space as state space, eigenvalues must be real. For this
reason, Gamow vec... |
1812.06719 | \section{Introduction}
The quantization of analog signals to a finite number of bits is an essential step in many signal processing problems: it allows one to digitally transmit, process, and reconstruct signals. In \emph{quantized compressed sensing} the focus is on the recovery of low-complexity signals (e.g., signa... |
1812.06754 | \section{Introduction}
The Enskog--Vlasov (EV) kinetic equation comprises the Enskog collision
integral for dense fluids \cite{Enskog22} and a Vlasov term describing the
van-der-Waals force. The first version of the EV equation \cite{Desobrino67}
was based on the original form of the Enskog integral -- which, as shown... |
1909.04634 | \section{Introduction}\label{S:into}
Ultralong-range Rydberg molecules (ULRM) have been the subject of much recent
interest because of their novel physical and chemical properties\cite{shaf18}. In the
present work we focus on Rydberg dimer molecules which comprise a ground-state
atom weakly bound to a high-$n$ Rydberg... |
2102.05194 | \section{Introduction}
A brain-computer interface (BCI) is an immediate pathway that provides an intuitive interface for users, especially disabled ones, to translate their intention into commands to control external devices \cite{wolpaw2002brain}. Among various neuroimaging modalities, electroencephalogram (EEG) has ... |
2005.04369 | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{A}{s} the advent and advance of cloud computing and data science in this big data era, more and more cloud-based data-driven applications are developed by different service providers (the data users, such as Facebook, LinkedIn and Google). Most of these appl... |
2005.04272 | \section{Conclusion}
\label{conclusion}
In this paper, we proposed the dual-perturbation attack, a novel threat model that produces \emph{unsuspicious adversarial examples} by leveraging the cognitive distinction between image foreground and background.
As we have shown, our attack can defeat all state-of-the-art defe... |
0902.2833 | \section{Introduction}
Recent developments of precision cosmology have yielded a slight
shift of an inflationary paradigm~\cite{Komatsu:2008hk}.
Before the precision cosmology, zeroth order predictions of
inflationary scenarios were sufficient.
Indeed, curvature fluctuations had been supposed to be
statistically ho... |
0902.1666 | \section*{R\'esum\'e}
\else \small
\begin{center}
{\bf R\'esum\'e\vspace{-.5em}\vspace{0pt}}
\end{center}
\quotation \fi}
\def\today{
\number\day\space
\ifcase\month\or
janvier\or {f\'evrier}\or mars\or avril\or mai\or juin\or
juillet\or {ao\^ut}\or septembre\or octobre\or novembre
\or {d\'ecembre}\fi
\space\num... |
0902.2492 | \section{Introduction \label{intro}}
The luminous galaxy NGC~3718 (UGC~6524; Arp~214; PRC D-18)
and its dwarf companion NGC~3729
form a galaxy pair in the loose Ursa Major group \citep{Tu96}.
Morphologically NGC~3718 is quite peculiar: see Figure~\ref{f_optical}.
A strong dark dust lane resembling that in Centaurus~A... |
0902.2555 | \section{Introduction}
Poor groups of galaxies are the first level structures of galaxies in the
hierarchy of cosmic structure formation. Considerable effort has been
put in identifying such objects in redshift surveys of galaxies and it
has been found that a large number of galaxies in the local Universe
are inde... |
1409.0955 | \section{Introduction}
\label{s:Intro}
Several mechanical systems
are described by ODE or PDE systems of the type:
\begin{subequations}
\label{intro:rip-limit}
\begin{align}
\label{intro:rip-limit-1}
&
\mathrm{D}_u \enet{t}{u(t)}{z(t)} =0 && \text{in } \mathcal{U}^*, && \text{for a.a.\,}\, t \in (0,T),
\\
&
\la... |
1803.07357 | \section{Introduction} \label{Dwreg1}
Let $\Omega \subset \mathds{R}^d$ be an open bounded set with boundary~$\Gamma$.
Throughout this paper we assume that $d \geq 2$.
The classical Dirichlet problem is to find for each $\varphi \in C(\Gamma)$
a function $u \in C(\overline \Omega)$
such that $u|_\Gamma = \varphi$ and... |
1808.10399 | \section*{Acknowledgments}
Sven Buechel would like to thank his doctoral advisor Udo Hahn, JULIE Lab, for funding his research visit at the University of Pennsylvania.
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Over two decades after the seminal work by \newcite{Picard97} the quest of \textit{Affective Computing}, t... |
1708.09370 | \section{Introduction}
It has recently been demonstrated that the Einstein-Rosen bridge of the eternal AdS black hole can be made traversable via a particular double-trace deformation of the boundary CFTs \cite{Gao:2016bin}. Before the deformation, the two boundary theories were non-interacting and placed in a specif... |
quant-ph/0703070 | \section{Introduction}
From the beginning of quantum field theory to the present day there is a great
hope that the occurrence of infinities in the formalism of quantum field
theory results from an incomplete description of space-time at very small
distances \cite{Schw}. Bohr and Heisenberg have been the first to sugg... |
hep-ex/0703034 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The experiments CDF and D\O, taking data at the Tevatron
proton-antiproton collider located at the Fermi National Accelerator
Laboratory, have made several direct experimental measurements of the
top-quark pole mass, \ensuremath{M_{\mathrm{t}}}. The pioneering measurements wer... |
physics/0703105 | \section{Introduction}
The effect of the underlying classical dynamics on the quantum
motion has been a recurrent topic of research since the early days
of the quantum theory. In recent years the use of experimental
techniques based on ultracold atoms in optical lattices
\cite{Raizen} has permitted to study in great de... |
math/0703296 | \section{Introduction}
Let $K$ be a connected compact Lie group acting on a symplectic real
manifold $M$ by symplectomorphisms. Suppose there exists a moment
map $\mu:M\rightarrow \k^*$ (see, for instance, \cite{GS} for the
definition of moment maps). It is an important problem in symplectic
geometry to study propertie... |
math-ph/0703027 | \section{Introduction}
The main motivation to study hermitian symplectic spaces---this
terminology follows \cite{Kost:Sch}---is the well know connection
between the self-adjoint extensions of a symmetric operator and the
Lagrange planes of a hermitian symplectic space \cite{Pav,Kost:Sch,Nov3}.
This is based on the fa... |
quant-ph/0703228 | \section{Introduction}
The integration of quantum mechanics and information theory gave
birth to the theory of quantum information. As another fundamental
part of modern physics theories, relativity theory also has
significant interrelationship with quantum mechanics and information
theory \cite{PTRMP,Terno}. One intri... |
hep-ph/0703231 | \section{Introduction} \setcounter{equation}{0}
Theories beyond the standard model which include
several new particles at the TeV scale and a new
discrete symmetry lead to cascade decays with interesting
signatures at colliders. At the same time, the discrete symmetry
reduces the contributions of new particles to ... |
cond-mat/0703821 | \section{Introduction}
\renewcommand{\theequation}{1.\arabic{equation}}
The handling of small liquid droplets in contact with a gas phase on top of a solid substrate,
or of liquid lenses at the
interface of two other fluid phases plays an important role in the context of microfluidics
(see, e.g., Refs. \cite{Mifl... |
1501.07686 | \section{Introduction}
Trees are natural
structures
used in many fields in computer sciences like XML~\cite{XML1}, indexing, natural language processing, code generation for compilers, term rewriting~\cite{tata2007}, cryptography~\cite{DBLP:conf/stacs/2004} etc. This large use of this structure leads to concider the... |
1408.0856 | \section*{Acknowledgements}
EC acknowledges support from CIA Postdoctoral Fellowship 2012-12062800003. GA acknowledges support from NSF DMS 1209017, 1264058, and 1317602.
RB acknowledges support from ARO MURI W911NF-09-1-0383 and AFOSR grant FA9550-14-1-0088.
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
In the bic... |
2205.14704 | \section{Conclusion and Future Work}
We propose {{\textsc{RetroPrompt}}} that decouples knowledge from memorization by introducing retrieval augmentation to further improve the generalization ability of prompt learning on the input side and the whole process of model training and prediction.
{{\textsc{RetroPrompt}}}, ... |
1504.07254 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Understanding the mechanisms of star formation at high redshifts is
central to our knowledge of how galaxies formed and subsequently
evolved chemically. This is specially true at $z\sim 2$ when the
cosmic star-formation activity was highest \citep{2014ARA&A..52..415M}.
Stars f... |
1701.05356 | \chapter*{Acknowledgements}
The work behind this thesis lasted three years, one of which I spent abroad: so let me take the opportunity to thank first of all the Università degli Studi di Roma Tre, that gave me the possibility of attending different educational experiences. Besides, I wish to express my gratitude to ... |
1701.05082 | \section{Introduction}
\noindent
Let $(M,g)$ be a Lorentzian spacetime and $(N,h)$ a Riemannian manifold. In this paper, we study wave maps $u:(M,g) \longrightarrow (N,h)$, that is, critical points of the geometric action functional
\begin{align*}
S_{g}[u]:=\frac{1}{2} \int _{M} |d_{g} u|^{2}~d \mu_{g}.
\end{align*}... |
1507.04635 | \subsection*{Acknowledgements}
We would like to thank Thomas Keller for his assistance with Canadian traveler problem,
and Rajesh Ranganath for helpful feedback on configuring RMSProp for black-box variational inference.
Frank Wood is supported under DARPA PPAML through the U.S. AFRL under Cooperative Agreement numbe... |
1212.3896 | \section{Introduction}
The theory of critical phenomena and the emergent notion of
universality was one of the singular developments of physics in the
twentieth century. With a known order parameter and symmetries of the
problem, calculation of long-range, measurable behaviors of
equilibrium physical quantities become... |
1212.4135 | \section{Introduction}
Since the first conclusive detection~\cite{Smoot:1992td} of the $\Delta T/T={\cal O}(10^{-5})$ temperature fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB), a new concordance picture of cosmology has been established. This is supported by vastly increased observational precision i... |
1904.06211 | \section{Introduction}
Denial of Service (DoS) attacks are a pressing problem in computer networks, and it becomes an even more complex problem in cloud computing environments. According to the Verisign report of 2018, these kinds of attacks directly impact business, financial, information technology and telecommunica... |
1806.05954 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Plasma-based electron acceleration methods take advantage of wakefield excitation by either a relativistic electron bunch for plasma wakefield acceleration (PWFA) \cite{Chen1985, Rosenzweig1988} or an intense laser pulse for laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA) \cite{Tajima1979}.... |
1806.06074 | \section{Introduction} \label{Intro}
Carbon stars were historically thought to lie on the asymptotic giant branch (AGB), having dredged up triple-$\alpha$
burning products to their surface. This gives rise to distinct atmospheric chemistry when the C/O ratio exceeds unity,
revealing strong molecular absorption bands o... |
1802.03782 | \section{Introduction}
Thanks to an increasing number of wide-field and multi-wavelength imaging dataset, we can study scaling relations of galaxies in a wide redshift range. Investigation on properties of galaxies found that there is a linear correlation between the integrated star formation rate (SFR) and stellar mas... |
1508.07401 | \section{Global solution}
In this section, we show that the solution of system \eqref{E4} is positive and global. Denote $\mathbb R^n_+=\{(x_1,\cdots,x_n) \in \mathbb R^n\,{:}\, x_i>0 \,\,(i\geq1)\}, \,\, \mathbb R^n_{+0}=\{(x_1,\cdots,x_n) \in \mathbb R^n\,{:}\, x_i\geq 0\,\,(i\geq1)\}\,\, (n=1,2).$ Let $g(t)$ be a fu... |
2108.09591 | \section{Introduction}
Breast cancer is responsible for over 42,000 women deaths in the United States and 685,000 deaths globally in 2020 \cite{Siegel2020}. Mammogram screening for early detection of breast lesions is important for decreasing the mortality rate \cite{broeders2012impact}. A major challenge in the screen... |
2108.09526 | \section{Introduction}
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are the one of most known carbon allotropes, which have been widely studied since their discovery at 1991 \cite{Iijima1991}.
Their unique mechanical, electrical, optical, and thermal properties give rise to the interest to them in the various fields of the biology, chemist... |
2002.06415 | \section{Introduction}
Colliders known as Higgs factories (e.g.\ International Linear Collider (ILC)\cite{ILC_TDR_vol1}) are future electron-positron colliders to search for new physics beyond the standard model.
Detectors for Higgs factories, such as International Large Detector (ILD)\cite{ILC_TDR_vol4} of ILC, are d... |
2203.10042 | \section{Introduction}
Quantum mechanics is responsible for a number of physical phenomena that are impossible in classical physics. Characterizing these unique properties of quantum systems is a problem of wide scientific interest. Bell famously provided one such example~\cite{Bell:1964kc} where the measurements of ... |
2009.10465 | \section{Introduction}
Multi-class classification is one of the fundamental problems in machine learning and data mining communities, where one trains a model with labeled data of different classes for classification purposes. The multi-class classification exists diverse real-world applications from computer vision ta... |
2012.15104 | \section{Introduction}
Hyperspectral image (HSI), a three-dimensional (3D) spatial-spectral cube, which is rich in spectral information, has been widely used in applications such as face recognition~\cite{HyperfaceTPAMI2003}, remote sensing~\cite{Stein2002}, food surveillance~\cite{Bioucas2012jstars} and so on. Typical... |
1503.04667 | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}
Onsager's celebrated paper \cite{onsager:effects} on the effect of shape on the interaction between hard particles has perhaps been the most influential contribution to colloidal sciences of the last century \cite{frenkel:perspective}. There, entropic forces alone were fi... |
2008.06317 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:1}
Query complexity considers the model of computation where a function is evaluated by an algorithm,
either with certainty or with some probability. This is achieved exploiting a classical or a quantum
computer such that the inputs to the function can only be accessed by making quer... |
2008.06256 | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{U}{rban} road systems contain a large number of intersections. At intersections, the trajectories of vehicles traveling from multiple directions conflict with each other, posing a risk of collisions. The introduction of traffic signals has contributed significantly to intersection c... |
1306.5378 | \section{Introduction}
In the end of the dark ages, with the formation of the first
generation of stars and/or quasars, the neutral hydrogen in the
universe began to reionize. The redshifted 21 cm signal is one of the
most important signatures for detecting the epoch of reionization
(EoR), which has been a new frontier... |
1306.5633 | \section{Summary and Discussions}
By explicit construction we have extended the Petrov-like boundary
condition to the finite cutoff surface and derived the
incompressible Navier-Stokes equation in the long-wavelength
limit. In each model, we have computed the value of shear
viscosity and discussed its asymptotical... |
2107.11790 | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:1}
Urban areas composed with the high density of population and traffic suffer from safety issues and transport efficiency~\cite{KIM2017159,9143155}. As a prevention of threats, various sensing and monitoring Internet of things (IoT) devices have been deployed throughout the city-wide a... |
2012.08074 | \section{Introduction}
Markov decision process (MDP) is stochastic control process in a discrete time~\cite{Puterman:2014aa} and it has played an essential role in studying optimizations investigated by dynamic programming~\cite{Bellman:2015aa} and reinforcement learning~\cite{Sutton:1998aa}.
They are extensively appl... |
1804.03935 | \section{Introduction}
Recently, a new greedy algorithm for obtaining a good subspace $V_n$ of $n$-dimension to approximate elements of a compact set $\mathcal{K}$ in a Banach space $X$ has been given. This greedy algorithm was studied initially when $X$ is a Hilbert space in the context of reduced basis methods for s... |
2106.03962 | \section{Acknowledgements}
We thank \href{https://shrutij01.github.io}{Shruti Joshi} for helpful comments on the earlier version of the paper.
\section{An Algorithmic Approach to Generating MDPs from CFE Problems}
\label{sec:algo}
\SetKwProg{Fn}{Function}{}{}
\RestyleAlgo{algoruled}
\newcommand\mycommfont[1]{\scri... |
2209.12726 | \section{Introduction}
Since the development of the VLSI industry and the consequent scaling down of devices following Moore's law, transistor sizes have significantly decreased. As a result, supply voltages have also been reduced. Therefore, voltage regulators are needed, which output a fixed voltage despite varying ... |
2101.10741 | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
Galactic outflows driven by energy and momentum of an active galactic nucleus (AGN) and/or supernovae (SNe) are now understood to be an indispensable component of the galactic ecosystem \citep{2012ARA&A..50..455F, 2014ARA&A..52..589H, 2017hsn..book.2431H, 2018Galax...6..114Z}.
M... |
2001.10303 | \section{Introduction}
\noindent Airy function was first introduced as an accelerating undistorted solution of the time dependent Schr\"{o}dingers equation in free space \cite{Berry}. The realisation of the Airy function in the optical domain by Siviloglou et.al. \cite{Siviloglou} opened up new avenues in the s... |
1610.06180 | \section{Introduction}
The closest starburst region, 30~Doradus in the Large Magellanic Cloud
(LMC), allows one to study the star formation (SF) process on a
variety of scales, from the dense cluster R~136, possibly a newborn
globular cluster, via the massive star-forming region NGC~2070, the
``old'' (20 to 25 Myr, \... |
1911.13190 | \section{Perturbation theory}
In this section, we show in more details how we obtained Eq.~\eqref{eq:ApproxSolNk} of the main text. We start from the
equation giving the steady state in the continuum limit [see also Eq.~\eqref{eq:ContinuousMod} of the main text],
\begin{equation}
0 = \int\displaylimits_{-2 J}^{2 J} \... |
1808.06648 | \section{INTRODUCTION}
The cosmic microwave background (CMB) has become one of the most powerful probes of the early universe. Measurements of temperature anisotropies on the level of approximately ten parts per million have brought cosmology into a precision era, and have placed tight constraints on the fundamental pr... |
cond-mat/9806219 | \section{Semiclassical diagrammatic approach}
We begin by presenting some more details concerning our semiclassical
evaluation of the disorder correlation function, $K^d$, and
corresponding susceptibility $\left<\chi^d (H)\right>$.
We consider non-interacting electrons in a
weak, perpendicular magnetic field.
In t... |
hep-th/9806171 | \section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\zeta@}{3.ex plus 1ex minus
.2ex}{2.ex plus .2ex}{\large\bf}}
\def\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\zeta@}{2.75ex plus 1ex
minus
.2ex}{1.5ex plus .2ex}{\bf}}
\def\subsect#1{\par\penalty1000{\noindent \bf #1}\par\penalty500}
\def |
nucl-th/9806100 | \section*{\bf 1. Introduction}
The newly established electron and photon facilities have made
it possible to investigate the mechanism of vector meson
photoproductions on nucleons with much improved experimental accuracy.
This has been motivated in part by
the puzzle that the NRQM ~\cite{NRQM,capstick} predicts
a ... |
2102.09275 | \section*{Introduction}
Organic charge-transfer complexes (CTCs) formed by electron-donor and -acceptor molecules are an intriguing and broad class of materials that can exhibit phenomena related to strong electron correlations and electron-phonon coupling such as
charge and spin density waves, Mott metal-insulator tr... |
2102.09249 | \section{Introduction}
There have recently been impressive advances in \emph{deep generative modeling}
techniques, which have made new industrial applications possible.
These include new ways of collaborating on sensitive data with
strong privacy guarantees such as the release of synthetic microdata
by the \emph{US C... |
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