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0808.1388 | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
Recent experiments at RHIC have shown that
in high-energy heavy-ion collisions, a strongly coupled
medium consisting of deconfined quarks and gluons has been
produced \cite{Adams:2005dq}.
This medium is opaque to hard scattered partons, which lose energy
as they traverse the medium ... |
2101.09875 | \section{Introduction}
\begin{table}[t]
\small
\caption{
\label{tab:notations}
List of default notations
} \vspace{-4pt}
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.475\linewidth}
\begin{tabular}{ p{0.5cm} p{5.9cm} }
\hline
${\cal M}$ & $d$-dimensional manifold in $\R^D$ \\
$p$ & data sampling density on ${\... |
2201.00799 | \section{Introduction}
This paper is meant as an informal exposition of \cite{HelfRadz}. The main result is a statement on how a linear
operator defined in terms of divisibility by primes has small norm. In
this exposition, we will choose to start from one of its main current
applications, namely,
\begin{equation}\lab... |
2210.14385 | \section{Introduction}
Determination of the equation of state (EoS) for dense QCD at low temperature has been desired recently especially because it is related with understanding neutron star observations including recent simultaneous measurements of masses and radii of neutron stars.
However, the first-principles calc... |
1803.02084 | \section{Introduction}
The Internet of Things (IoT) denotes the widespread deployment of communication networks between machines without direct human intervention \cite{Manyika2015TheHype}.
One important IoT application is in the monitoring of different aspects within cities to help their complex and distributed manage... |
2111.13075 | \section{Introduction}\label{s1}
Neural architectures have achieved state-of-the-art performance on various large-scale tasks in several domains spanning language, vision, speech, recommendations. However, modern deep learning algorithms consume enormous energy in terms of compute power [\cite{Li2016EvaluatingGPUs},... |
2111.13074 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Human motion modeling plays an important role in many applications such as video games and computer animation.
Many tasks study the human motion under different circumstances~\cite{zhang2019predicting,kocabas2020vibe,mao2020history,zhang2021we,ling2020character}. Most of them a... |
0909.2699 | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Background}
A successful hydrodynamic theory of granular media
could allow scientists and engineers to exploit the powerful techniques of
fluid dynamics to describe granular phenomena.
Recent experiments \cite{bocquet, rericha} and simulations \cite{ramirez}
demonstrate the potent... |
0909.2431 | \section{Introduction}
\label{Sec_Intro}
The statistical hadronization model, first introduced by Fermi~\cite{Fermi}
and Hagedorn~\cite{Hagedorn}, has been remarkably successful in the
description of experimentally measured average hadron production yields
in heavy ion collisions ranging from SIS \cite{GSIfits}, and... |
0909.3462 | \section{Introduction}
Many known families of black hole solutions possess a limit wherein the black hole horizon becomes degenerate,
i.e. where the surface gravity tends to zero; such black holes are called extremal. While extremal black holes
are not believed to be physically realized as macroscopic objects in nat... |
0909.2859 | \section{Proof of Theorem~\ref{theo:approx}}
\label{sec:approx}
\begin{proof}[Proof of Theorem~\ref{theo:approx}]
\textit{Notation:}
Note that in this proof we use the notation of~(\ref{dir:pot}).
So, for a potential vector $\psi$, we have
$\psi_{u\to v} := \psi_u-\psi_v$ if $(u,v)$ is an edge and $\psi_u \ge \psi_v$... |
0909.3286 | \section{Introduction}
In 1880, P. G. Tait \cite{PGT}\ showed that the four colour theorem is equivalent to
the assertion that every 3-regular planar graph without cut-edges is
3-edge-colourable (and that the latter is true if and only if every 3-regular
3-edge-connected planar graph is 3-edge-colourable). As is well ... |
1712.07677 | \section{#1}\setcounter{equation}{0}}
\newcommand{\mathinner{\mathrm{Id}}}{\mathinner{\mathrm{Id}}}
\newcommand{\mathop\bigcirc}{\mathop\bigcirc}
\newcommand{\pint}[1]{\mathaccent23{#1}}
\newcommand{\Lw}[1]{\mathbf{L^#1_{w}}}
\newcommand{\Lloc}[1]{\mathbf{L^{#1}_{loc}}}
\newcommand{\C}[1]{\mathbf{C^{#1}}}
\newcomman... |
1712.07942 | \section*{Results}
\subsection*{Absence of static magnetic order}
The heat capacity of PbCuTe$_{2}$O$_{6}$\, reveals an anomaly at the temperature T$_{\rm an}{=}0.87$~K~\cite{Koteswararao2014}. Although this is clearly not a sharp $\lambda$-anomaly and is unlikely to indicate a phase transition, further verification of... |
1801.10306 | \section{Introduction}
A \textit{$d$-dimensional matrix $A$ of order $n$} is an array $(a_\alpha)_{\alpha \in I^d_n}$, $a_\alpha \in\mathbb R$, where the set of indices $I_n^d= \left\{ (\alpha_1, \ldots , \alpha_d):\alpha_i \in \left\{0,\ldots,n-1 \right\}\right\}$. Given $k\in \left\{0,\ldots,d\right\}$, a \textit{$k... |
1801.10376 | \section{Introduction}
Recently, non-Lorentzian geometry has gained interest in theoretical
physics community from many reasons. Firstly, today it is well known
that strong correlated systems in condensed matter can be
successfully described with the help of non-relativistic holography
\cite{Christensen:2013lma,Christ... |
1601.03547 | \section{INTRODUCTION }
\label{sec:intro}
Fast radio bursts (FRBs) -- bright millisecond radio pulses -- have generated considerable excitement within the astronomy community, with potential uses in cosmology, the intergalactic and interstellar media, coherent emission processes, compact objects, and more \citep{SKATr... |
1909.00267 | \section{Introduction}
The classical electromagnetic field can be successfully used to model some basic features of genuine quantum physical systems (see, e.g., \cite{NL0,NL,NLG} and recent review \cite{REV} and the references herein). In particular, classical field modeling is a helpful tool for simulation... |
1910.04218 | \section{Introduction}
The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) was the top-ranked priority for a new ground-based facility in the 2000 Long Range Plan. Ten years later, at the time of LRP2010, ALMA construction was well underway, with first science observations anticipated for 2011. In the past 8 years... |
1609.08763 | \section{Introduction}
Let $X$ be a metric space, $E\subset X$ and $f:E \to X$ be a map in a class $\mathscr{F}$. When can $f$ be extended to a mapping $F:X \to X$ in the same class? We are interested in the above extension question for the classes of bi-Lipschitz maps and quasisymmetric maps. Questions related to qua... |
1609.09037 | \section{Introduction}
Electric Vehicles (EVs) have several advantages over the traditional gasoline powered vehicles. For example, EVs are more environment friendly and more energy efficient. Thus, regulators (e.g. Federal Energy Regulator Commission (FERC)) are providing incentives to the consumers to switch to elect... |
2206.01515 | \section{Introduction}
Neural networks (NNs) have achieved significant success in vast applications \citep{krizhevsky2012imagenet,vaswani2017attention}, including computer vision \cite{he2016deep}, natural language processing \cite{brown2020language}, and data mining \cite{wang2015collaborative}. However, the advance o... |
hep-ph/0606171 | \section*{three variations on a same theme}
This preprint is the collection of three separated notes written during the last quarter, aiming to
communicate an amusing finding of a colleague. All the three are different {\it facets} of a same
technical point. We concentrated in this procedure because, as announced in t... |
physics/0606153 | \section*{A Brief Life of Schwinger}
A full biography of Julian Schwinger has been published \cite{MM},
as well as a selection of his most important papers \cite{QL}.
Here we will sketch a brief outline of Schwinger's life and work, referring
the interested reader to the biography for more details. An excellent
100-pa... |
1603.02496 | \subsection*{#1}}
\newcommand{\Abst}[1]{\,#1}
\newcommand{k_{\rm B}}{k_{\rm B}}
\newcommand{m_{\rm e}}{m_{\rm e}}
\newcommand{N_{\rm e}}{N_{\rm e}}
\newcommand{n_{\rm p}}{n_{\rm p}}
\newcommand{n_{\rm b}}{n_{\rm b}}
\newcommand{T_{\rm e}}{T_{\rm e}}
\newcommand{T_{\gamma}}{T_{\gamma}}
\newcommand{\theta_{\rm... |
2107.12074 | \section{Introduction}
Generalized matrix functions (GMFs) are an extension of the notion of matrix functions based on the singular value decomposition (SVD) instead of the spectral decomposition. They were introduced for the first time in \cite{hawkins1973generalized}, with the purpose of extending the definition of m... |
2107.12112 | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
While detections of gravitational waves \cite[e.g.,][]{gw150914} have been made with ground-based interferometers that are sensitive to hertz-kilohertz gravitational waves, experiments that operate at lower frequencies have yet to identify a signal.
Pulsar timing array (PTA) ex... |
0910.0756 | \section{Introduction}
Several recent theoretical\cite{fu07a,qi08,zhangiop} and
experimental\cite{hsieh08,hsieh09a,hsieh09b,chen09,xia09,hor09}
works have focused on a new quantum state of matter, {\it
topological insulators} in three dimensions, which exhibit bulk
insulating gaps (mainly of spin-orbit origin) while po... |
0910.1278 | \section{Introduction}
\label{s1}
In this paper, we will study the loop quantum cosmology (LQC)
\cite{aa-rev,mbrev} of the Bianchi type II model. These models are
of special interest to the issue of singularity resolution
because of the intuition derived from the body of results related to
the Belinksii, Khalatnikov, ... |
2205.02107 | \section{Introduction}
Spatio-temporal modeling of catch or landings per unit effort data has a long history in fisheries sciences. Such models are mainly used to standardize fisheries dependent (i.e. landing and effort data from commercial fisheries) or fisheries independent (catch data by haul from scientific researc... |
2205.02047 | \section{Introduction}
Keyphrase Extraction (KE) aims to extract phrases related to the main points discussed in the source document, a fundamental task in Natural Language Processing (NLP). Because of their succinct and accurate expression, keyphrase extraction is helpful for a variety of applications such as informa... |
2205.02092 | \section{Introduction}
Recently, state-of-the-art reinforcement learning (RL) approaches have made several significant advances in challenging domains, such as controlling nuclear reactors \citep{degrave_magnetic_2022}.
Despite these successes, it is clear that these approaches do not capture a remarkable aspect of hu... |
2209.04904 | \section{Introduction and Results}
The search for a quasi local energy is one of the most prominent problems in classical relativity, with many different candidates. From these candidates one of the most famous is the quasi local energy described by Hawking in 1968 \cite{Hawma} the so called Hawking energy, given by ... |
2209.04755 | \section{Introduction}
Although the gaseous nature of the sun allows its interior to be known only through models, other outer layers, such as the photosphere, chromosphere, and corona, can be observed. Most solar phenomena occur in these upper layers, such as solar flares that appear in the chromosphere and photosphe... |
2005.04169 | \subsection*{Summary}
Equilibrium Propagation (EP) \cite{EP} is a biologically inspired alternative algorithm to backpropagation (BP) for training neural networks.
It applies to RNNs fed by a static input $x$ that settle to a steady state, such as Hopfield networks.
EP is similar to BP in that in the second phase of t... |
2210.05992 | \section{Introduction}
In this work, we continue a specific line of research on majority dynamics in dense random graphs \cite{Benjamini2016, Fountoulakis2020}.
We analyze the performance of a simple majority-rule protocol solving a fundamental coordination problem in distributed computing - \emph{binary majority con... |
1304.4242 | \section{Introduction}
The distribution of neutral and ionized gas in the circumgalactic
environment of galaxies is known to be an important indicator of
the past and present evolution of galaxies. Both the infall of
metal-poor gas from intergalactic space and from satellite galaxies
and the outflow of metal-rich ga... |
1408.1982 | \section{Introduction}
Despite the major importance of the Type Ia Supernovae (SN Ia), as cosmological distance indicators, to the discovery of the accelerated expansion of the Universe and the dark energy
\citep{1998AJ....116.1009R,1999ApJ...517..565P}, the unknown nature of its progenitors is still a great concer... |
1408.1999 | \section{Introduction}
A most useful property of Lebesgue measure $\lambda$ is its (inner) \emph{regularity}: For any measurable set $E$, we can find an $F_\sigma$ set $F \subseteq E$ with $\lambda(E) = \lambda(F)$.
In other words, any measurable set can be represented as an $F_\sigma$ set plus a nullset.
This m... |
1808.05754 | \section{Introduction}
Computational retinal disease methods \cite{tan2009detection,lalezary2006baseline} has been investigated extensively through different signal processing techniques. Retinal diseases are accessible to machine learning techniques due to their visual nature in contrast to other common human disease... |
1607.02035 | \section{Introduction}
For more than a century, a lot of studies have been done on the dynamical structure of the \textrm{Main Asteroid Belt}, a large concentration of asteroids with semi-major axes between those of Mars and Jupiter. Daniel Kirkwood proposed and then discovered the famous gaps in the distribution of m... |
2109.13062 | \section{Introduction}
The recent worldwide health challenge caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a lot of fear and uncertainty for humanity. SARS-CoV-2 is a genetic variant of coronavirus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The crisis that governments started ... |
2010.09579 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Gravitational clustering and nonlinear bias induce a non-Gaussianity in the large-scale structure (LSS) of the Universe that can be quantified by higher-order correlation functions, like the 3-point correlation function (3PCF) and its Fourier counterpart, the bispectrum.
The me... |
1210.8369 | \section{Introduction}
Let $\Omega$ be a bounded polyhedral Lipschitz domain in ${\mathbb R}^d$, $d\ge2$.
We consider a homogeneous Dirichlet boundary value problem for a certain non-linear
second-order elliptic partial differential equation (PDE)
\begin{subequations}
\label{intro:modelproblem}
\begin{align}\label{in... |
cond-mat/9912007 | \section{Introduction}
\label{introduction}
The core level spectral function $A_d(\epsilon)$ of a localized core
orbital immersed in a conduction electron sea, as observed in the
photoemission of electrons after X-ray absorption has long been known
to show nonanalytic threshold behavior characterized by fractional
po... |
astro-ph/9912286 | \section{Introduction: Have we detected primeval galaxies ?}
This paper is directed towards the question; Have we already detected primeval galaxies ?
The characteristics of a primeval galaxy might be
\begin{itemize}
\item high redshift ($z > 1$)
\item undergoing a major episode of star formation
(to form $10^{11}... |
astro-ph/9912340 | \section{Introduction}
In recent years a number of active galaxies have been found to have
powerful H$_2$O maser emission in their nuclei (e.g.~Braatz, Wilson,
\& Henkel 1994; 1996). It is known that the H$_2$O megamaser
phenomenon is associated with nuclear activity since all such
megamaser sources are in either Seyfe... |
hep-ph/9912479 | \section{Introduction}
It has been well established that QCD is the correct theory of
the strong interactions.
The vast body of evidence from lattice QCD simulations
at low and intermediate energies \cite{DeTar} is complemented by
perturbative calculations which become reliable at high energies where the
renormalized ... |
hep-th/9912094 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
\quad
Noncommutative Yang-Mills (NCYM) theory
attracts one's interest after it emerged
in the BPS solution of Matrix theory \cite{Connes,Aoki_NCYM},
and is realized as the effective theory
around one of the perturbative vacua
of superstring theory with constant $B$ background
... |
1603.07299 | \section{Introduction}
The $K$-correction was originally defined in the work of \cite{Humason:1956}. As initially defined, it was limited to filter transforms from an observer frame photometric filter to the same filter in the galaxy's rest frame. Later work generalized this concept to include transforms to other rest ... |
1603.07194 | \section*{Introduction}
Since the beginning of the 21st century there has been a growing interest in increasing the capacity of telecommunication systems to eventually overcome our pending bandwidth crunch. Significant improvements in networks transmission capacity has been achieved through the use of polarization div... |
1911.08708 | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Humans perceive others' emotions through verbal cues such as speech~\cite{prosodic1,prosodic2}, text~\cite{text1,text2}, and non-verbal cues such as eye-movements~\cite{eye2}, facial expressions~\cite{AU}, tone of voice, postures~\cite{posture1}, walking styles~\cite{gait_psych4}... |
1811.07178 | \subsection{S1. One-Dimensional Nature of RbCoCl$_3$}
\begin{figure}[b]
\includegraphics[width=8.78cm]{rccsf1}
\caption{\label{figs1} Dynamical structure factors, $S(\vec{Q},\omega)$,
measured at 4 K for scattering vectors perpendicular to the chain direction.
The intensity is integrated over the windows (a) $- 1.05... |
1112.0730 | \section{Introduction}
The interaction of the martian atmosphere with the solar radiation and interplanetary plasma results in its evaporation due to thermal (Jeans) escape and a number of non-thermal mechanisms. The absence of the intrinsic magnetic field on Mars and its low gravitational potential make the martian at... |
1112.0188 | \section{Introduction}
A major breakthrough in the understanding of superconductivity is definitely due to the wave function ansatz proposed by Bardeen, Cooper, Schrieffer \cite{BCS}. The great advantage of this ansatz is that it leads to results in agreement with experiments through calculations quite easy to perform... |
1112.0527 | \section{introduction}
Measurements of the arrival times of muon neutrinos from the CERN CNGS beam at the OPERA detector
730~km away suggest that they travel superluminally with
$(v-c)/c = (2.37 \pm 0.32 (\rm{stat.}) \pm 0.29 (\rm{sys.})) \times 10^{-5}$~\cite{:2011zb}. Many interpretations of this
stunning result h... |
1509.07818 | \section{Andreev reflection phenomena}
In an isotropic non-magnetic superconductor the normal-state single-particle excitation spectrum $\varepsilon_\vec{k}$ is modified in the superconducting state to $E_\vec{k}=[(\varepsilon_\vec{k}-\mu)^2+\Delta^2]^{1/2}$, acquiring a gap $\Delta$ around the electrochemical potenti... |
2007.12987 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Differential Privacy \cite{DworkMNS16} has become a de facto gold
standard definition of privacy for statistical analysis. This success
is mostly due to the generality of the definition, its robustness and
compositionality.
\ifnum\full=1
These valuable properties helped researc... |
quant-ph/0601051 | \section{Introduction}\label{sec1}
A realistic quantum system is never isolated, but is immersed in the
surrounding environment (alias bath, reservoir) and interacts
continuously with it. Such a system without ignorable coupling to
the environment can be called open quantum system. Generally, the
environment consists ... |
math/0601584 | \section{Introduction}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
The most salient feature of the class of braid matrices presented in ref. \cite{1}, setting it apart from other known
examples, is the number of free parameters. This class was obtained for $N^2\times N^2$ braid matrices for {\it odd}
\begin{equation}
N=\left(2p-1\right)... |
nucl-th/0601032 | \section*{Acknowledgements} F. J. L. thanks the organizers of this
interesting meeting at the 30th BFKL birthday, where QCD, Regge theory
and experimental data where harmoniously combined, for their warm
hospitality and the opportunity to report on this work. |
math/0601381 | \part[1]{\frac{\partial}{\partial #1}}
\newcommand\half{\frac{1}{2}}
\newcommand\quarter{\frac{1}{4}}
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\newcommand{\hk}[1]{\langle #1\rangle}
\newcommand{\mbox{\bf R}}{\mbox{\bf R}}
\newcommand{\mbox{\bf C}}{\mbox{\bf C}}
\newcommand{\mb... |
1502.06155 | \section{Introduction}
Given a probability space $(\Omega, \Sigma, \PP_0)$, we say that $X:~\Omega\rightarrow\RR$ is a \emph{random variable} if it is $\Sigma$-measurable, that is, $\{\omega:~X(\omega)\leq a\}\in\Sigma$ for any $a\in\RR$. We call $\PP_0$ the \emph{base probability measure}, which is fixed in our a... |
1401.7943 | \section{Introduction}
The New Interface Cement Equilibrated Mortar (NICEM) method proposed in~\cite{GJMN}
is an equilibrated mortar domain decomposition method
that allows for the use of optimized Schwarz algorithms with Robin
interface conditions on non-conforming grids.
It has been analyzed in~\cite{JMN10} in 2D and... |
1610.08248 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Stars form from the gravitational collapse of dense cores within turbulent molecular clouds. Due to turbulence and/or the initial rotation of these cores, newly formed stars are attended by protostellar discs of gas and dust \citep[e.g.][]{Terebey:1984a,Attwood:2009a... |
2007.07668 | \section{Introduction}
In this paper we provide asymptotics for the number of critical points of Gaussian random fields with isotropic increments (a.k.a.~locally isotropic Gaussian random fields) in the high dimensional limit. The definition of locally isotropic fields was first formulated by Kolmogorov about 80 years ... |
1803.01727 | \section{Introduction.}
\label{sec:intro}
In our previous paper \cite{KNS}, we established (a combinatorial version of)
standard monomial theory for semi-infinite Lakshmibai-Seshadri (LS for short) paths.
To be more precise, let $\lambda \in P^{+}$ be a (level-zero) dominant integral weight
for an untwisted a... |
1803.01716 | \subsubsection*{Acknowledgment.}}%
\usepackage{amsmath,amsfonts,amsthm,amssymb,verbatim,enumerate,quotes,graphicx,mathtools
\usepackage{color}
\def \color{red} {\color{red}}
\def \color{black} {\color{black}}
\newcommand{\comments}[1]{}
\newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}
\newtheorem{lemma}{Lemma}
\newtheorem{corollary}{Cor... |
1605.03696 | \section{Introduction}
A long time ago it was found \cite{P1,P2} that the Belinskii, Khalatnikov and Lifshitz (BKL) conjecture \cite{BKL33}, concerning generic
spacelike singularity, extends to generic timelike singularity. Both conjectures are based on the generalization of possible solutions
to the dynamics of... |
1605.03746 | \section{Introduction}
New and affordable depth sensors, like the Kinect, have been of great interest to the robotics community. These new sensors are able to simultaneously capture high-resolution color and depth images at high frame rates (RGB-D images).
Most recent work on RGB-D perception has been targeted to sema... |
2002.05685 | \section{Introduction}
Gradient-based optimization algorithms have been the de facto choice in deep learning for solving the optimization problems of the form:
\begin{align}
\mathbf{x}^\star = \argmin\nolimits_{\mathbf{x} \in \mathbb{R}^d} \Bigl\{ f(\mathbf{x}) \triangleq (1/n) \sum\nolimits_{i=1}^n f^{(i)}(\mathbf{... |
1711.03792 | \section{Introduction}
\par In order to understand the geometry of the ideal $I_S$ of $s$ points in $\PP^n$, one source of information is the
Hilbert function $h_d(I_S)$, which gives the number of degree $d$ generators of $I_S.$ The relation among these generators
is captured in the free resolution of $I_S.$ Conje... |
2004.14939 | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}
Peer selection, where agents must choose a subset of themselves for an award or a prize, is one of the pillars for quality assessment in scientific contexts and beyond. While current methods rely on expert panels, there is increasing attention to how to design trustworth... |
plasm-ph/9503002 | \section*{List of captions}
Fig.1 (a) Distribution $\rho_j^{(1)}(v_z)$ of $j$-level population in
ion velocity $v_z$ within the first order of the perturbation theory
in the field intensity. Different curves correspond to distinct
values of detuning $\Omega$ (from left to right $\Omega/{kv_T} =
0; 0.5; 1; 1.5; 2; 2.5$)... |
2012.02774 | \section{Dynamical mean field equations}
The dynamics of the spinor polariton condensate order parameter is modeled through a set of stochastic driven-dissipative Gross-Pitaevskii equations (Langevin equations) coupled to spin-polarized rate equations describing excitonic reservoirs $X_\pm$ feeding the two spin compone... |
1601.04940 | \section{Introduction}
\label{s:Introduction}
In many physical systems the motion is not smooth, but proceeds by avalanches. This
jerky motion is correlated over a broad range of space and time scales.
Examples are magnetic interfaces, fluid contact lines, crack fronts in fracture,
strike-slip faults in geoph... |
2205.07025 | \section{Introduction}
An \emph{animal} on a $d$-dimensional lattice is a connected set of lattice cells, where
connectivity is through ($d{-}1$)-dimensional faces of the cells. Specifically, on the planar
square lattice, connectivity of cells is through edges. Two animals are considered identical if
one can be obt... |
1912.05569 | \section{Introduction}
Spherically symmetric and static black holes play an important r\^ole in Einstein's General Relativity owing to their simplicity, not only for their own construction, but also for the analysis of their surrounding geodesic motions. The analysis \cite{Synge:1966okc,Luminet:1979nyg} of null ge... |
1912.05581 | \section{Motivation}
The microscopic nature of dark matter remains one of the most pressing questions in particle physics. Indirect detection---the search for visible signatures of dark matter decay or annihilation at terrestrial or space-based experiments---is one of the leading programs to unravel this mystery. In t... |
2201.02532 | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
In recent decades, researchers have paid great attention to approximate and dynamic factor models, as they allow to model and forecast high-dimensional data in a parsimonious manner.
Their attractiveness lies in the decomposition of a multivariate time series into two compon... |
1806.07294 | \section{Introduction}
Stochastic variance reduced methods~\citep{roux2012stochastic,johnson2013accelerating, shalev2013stochastic} have been recently proposed as an improved alternative to the venerable stochastic gradient descent (\textsc{Sgd}) method~\citep{robbins1951}.
As \textsc{Sgd}, these methods only require ... |
2103.06277 | \section{Introduction}
It was recently suggested that hybrid HeCO~WDs might play a key role in the production of thermonuclear supernovae (SNe)\citep{PeretsZenati2019,Zenati2019}. Their disruption by a more massive CO~WD, and later accretion of the debris onto the CO~WD was shown in 2D simulations to trigger a thermonu... |
1504.00676 | \section{Introduction}
The existence of bright quasars~(QSOs) at $z \ga 6-7$
\citep{2006NewAR..50..665F,2010AJ....139..906W,2011Natur.474..616M,2015Natur.518..512W}
presents an intriguing question: how do supermassive black holes (SMBHs)
with masses $\ga {\rm a ~few} \times 10^9 ~M_\odot$ form within the first billio... |
1712.08237 | \section{Introduction}
Let $T\in (0,\infty)$ be a fixed deterministic time horizon and $(\Omega, {\cal F}, P)$ a given probability space equipped with the completed filtration $({\cal F}_t)_{t\in [0,T]}$ of a $d$-dimensional Brownian motion $W$.
We denote by $L^a(X)$ the local time at level $a\in \mathbb{R}$ of the sem... |
2210.12689 | \section{Introduction}
Facial expression is one of the most external indications of a person's feelings and emotions. In daily conversation, according to the psychologist, only 7\% and 38\% of information is communicated through words and sounds respective, while up to 55\% is through facial expression \cite{Mehrabian1... |
2210.12665 | \section{Introduction}
\noindent
\noindent Polyominoes are plane figures obtained by joining unitary squares along their edges. They raise many combinatorial problems, for instance, tiling a certain region or the plane with polyominoes and related problems are of interest to mathematicians and computer scient... |
1404.2798 | \subsection*{#1}}
\newcommand{\Abst}[1]{\,#1}
\newcommand{k_{\rm B}}{k_{\rm B}}
\newcommand{m_{\rm e}}{m_{\rm e}}
\newcommand{N_{\rm e}}{N_{\rm e}}
\newcommand{n_{\rm p}}{n_{\rm p}}
\newcommand{n_{\rm b}}{n_{\rm b}}
\newcommand{T_{\rm e}}{T_{\rm e}}
\newcommand{T_{\gamma}}{T_{\gamma}}
\newcommand{\theta_{\rm... |
1407.0451 | \section{Introduction}
In conventional information theory and cryptography, it is taken for granted that a digital message can always be copied easily, even by someone ignorant of its meaning. Analog messages (e.g.~handwritten signatures) are somewhat harder to copy, but not really infeasible, and digital data can be ... |
1407.0489 | \section{Introduction}
Phase transitions are remarkable phenomena in both equilibrium and non-equilibrium systems. While traditional thermodynamics can be utilized
to study the static phase transitions and fluctuations associated with configurations of a system, the {\em thermodynamics of trajectories},
sometimes known... |
1407.0373 | \section{Introduction}
Let ${\mathcal C}_t$ be one of the categories
$\text{Rep}(S_t)$, $\text{Rep}(GL_t)$, $\text{Rep}(O_t)$, $\text{Rep}(Sp_{2t})$,
obtained by interpolating the classical representation categories
${\bf Rep}(S_n)$, ${\bf Rep}(GL_n)$, ${\bf Rep}(O_n)$, ${\bf Rep}(Sp_{2n})$
to complex values of $n$, ... |
2111.05254 | \section{Introduction}
Deterministic field theories (such as hydrodynamics, classical electrodynamics and general relativity) find application in all areas of physics, ranging from condensed matter physics to string theory. Recently, the whole area of classical field theory is receiving a new boost, due to the experi... |
2103.06951 | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
In the classic Davis-Greenstein (`D-G') theory \citep{DG51}, paramagnetic
dissipation in rotating grains drives the grains
into alignment with the interstellar
magnetic field. However, disalignment due to random collisions with gas-phase
particles renders this mechanism ineffe... |
1309.4297 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Cepheid variables are key component in astrophysical research, as they are an indispensable link in the extragalactic distance ladder. However, for the most part, current research focuses on Classical Cepheids with periods less than 60 days. There are good reasons for this: in t... |
1309.4464 | \section{Introduction to Weyl semimetals}
The earliest classification of the forms of matter in nature, typically
presented to us in our early school days, consists of \emph{solids},
\emph{liquids} and \emph{gases}. High school physics textbooks and
experience later teach us that solids can be further classified ... |
1309.4317 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The use of highly resistive material for Kinetic Inductance Detectors is promising because it is expected to increase their responsivity through the high kinetic inductance L$_{s}$ and allow a more efficient direct optical coupling \cite{LeducAPL10}.
To make KIDs based on highly... |
1006.5004 | \part{\partial}
\define\em{\emptyset}
\define\imp{\implies}
\define\ra{\rangle}
\define\n{\notin}
\define\iy{\infty}
\define\m{\mapsto}
\define\do{\dots}
\define\la{\langle}
\define\bsl{\backslash}
\define\lras{\leftrightarrows}
\define\lra{\leftrightarrow}
\define\Lra{\Leftrightarrow}
\define\hra{\hookrightarrow}
\def... |
2009.12886 | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Exponential mixing of the geodesic flow}
Let $\mathbb{H}^{d+1}$ be the hyperbolic $(d+1)$-space. Let $G=\operatorname{SO}(d+1,1)^{\circ}$, which is the group of orientation preserving isometries of $\mathbb{H}^{d+1}$. Let
$\Gamma<G$ be a non-elementary, torsion-free, geometrically fi... |
1207.6863 | \section{#1}}
\newcommand\setulen[2]{\setlength\unitlength{.#1#2pt}}
\def\SK {S_\HK}
\def\slz {\ensuremath{\mathrm{SL}(2,\zet)}}
\def\sse {\scriptsize }
\newcommand\Surf[2] {\Sigma_{#1,#2}}
\def\tauHH {\tau^{}_{\!H,H}}
\def\tauHHv {\tau^{}_{\!H,H^*_{}}}
\def\tauHvH ... |
2006.14581 | \section{Introduction}
Let $\omega$ be a modulus of continuity, i.~e. a non-decreasing continuous semi-additive function such that $\omega(0) = 0$. For a segment $[a,b]\subset \mathbb R$ denote by $H^\omega([a,b],\mathbb{R})$ the class of functions $f\colon [a,b]\to \mathbb R$ such that $|f(t)-f(s) |\leq \omega(|t-s|)$... |
2006.14469 | \@ifstar{\origsection*}{\@startsection{section}{1}\z@{.7\linespacing\@plus\linespacing}{.5\linespacing}{\normalfont\scshape\centering\S}}{Introduction}
Given a graph $G$ and a positive integer $r$, let $\text{\rm tc}_r(G)$ denote the minimum
number $k$ such that in any $r$-edge-colouring of $G$, there are $k$
monochro... |
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