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hep-ph/9403381 | \section{ Introduction}
Tunneling between topologically different configurations of the gauge
field, described semiclassically by instantons \cite{BPST}, dominate
the physics of light quarks. In early works (summarized e.g. in
\cite{CDG}) instantons were treated as a dilute gas, while later it was
recognised that t... |
2106.12834 | \section{Languages of South Africa}
\label{sec:african}
The majority of languages in Africa are considered under-resourced~\cite{orife+etal_ICLR20}. %
This includes the eleven
official languages of South Africa.
As show in Figure~\ref{fig:hierarchy}, nine of these languages %
belong to the larger Southern Bantu famil... |
1910.00924 | \subsection*{Note to the referee and other readers} This appendix contains material that is not
intended for publication because it has too many details, is too reptitive
and also duplicative of material in the main paper. It is planned to be
included with the pdf electronicly distributed by the author
so that read... |
2104.06947 | \section{Introduction}
Billiards are a ubiquitous source of models in physics, in particular in statistical mechanics. The study of the ergodic properties of billiards is of paramount importance for such applications and also a source of innovative ideas in ergodic theory. In particular, starting with at least \cite{K... |
0706.1385 | \section{Introduction and preliminaries}
The notion of fuzzy sets was introduced by Zadeh \cite{Zad}. From then, various concepts
of fuzzy metric spaces were considered in \cite{Geo, Kal, Mih}. Many authors have studied fixed point theory in fuzzy metric spaces. The most interesting references are \cite{Fa1, Fa2, Gre, ... |
0706.2317 | \section{Introduction}
The transitions \upsDec{n}{m} are of particular interest as probes of
heavy quark and low energy QCD systems. The large $b$~quark mass
causes the \ensuremath{b\bar{b}}\xspace bound state to have a very small radius
($\sim 1 $~GeV$^{-1}$) and to be
non-relativistic ($(v/c)^{2}\approx 0.1$).
T... |
0706.2492 | \section{Introduction}
This paper is a continuation of Ref (\cite{AnSav06}), in which a
procedure was sketched for the construction of a
Positive-Operator-Valued Measure (POVM) for the time-of-arrival for
a particle described by a Hamiltonian $\hat{H}$. Here, we extend
this POVM to cover the case of particles tunnel... |
0706.2185 | \section{Introduction and Motivation}
Graphene is a two-dimensional (2D) allotrope of carbon on a honeycomb lattice
with one electron per $\pi$ orbital (half-filling). Its bare electronic
spectrum is described in terms of a linearly dispersing, massless, chiral
Dirac field ($\Psi_{\bf{p}}$). Since its isolation a few... |
0706.0036 | \section{Introduction}
One of the most profound concepts in string theory is the suggestive idea
that spacetime itself could be a mere emergent notion, a sort of effective
description of a more fundamental entity \cite{Seiberg}. This conception
relies on the existence of the duality symmetries of string theory, which
... |
0706.0281 | \section*{Acknowledgment}
This work is supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Grant
\#\,05--02--16422).
\section*{References} |
0706.2081 | \section{Introduction}
The theory of transformations preserving different properties and
invariants dates back to the works by Frobenius, \cite{Fr}, Schur,
\cite{Sch}, and Dieudonn\'e, \cite{Die}, and is an intensively
developing part of algebra nowadays. A characterization of maps
preserving zeros of polynomials pla... |
1309.3614 | \section{Introduction}
\label{Introduction}
Two-dimensional (2D) X-ray detectors are now widely used with synchrotron and laboratory sources to obtain powder diffraction data~\cite{hebob;b;tdxrd09,livet;aca07}. Their use results in experimental throughputs several orders of magnitude faster than point or linear detect... |
1309.3608 | \section{Introduction}
The adaptive finite element method plays an important role in the
numerical solution for partial differential equations
\cite{AinsworthOden00,Verfurth96}. The convergence and optimality of
the adaptive method have been much studied in recent years. For the
Poisson equation and its variants, the... |
2012.10038 | \section{Introduction}
The asteroseismic scaling relations for red giants have so far proved to be an extremely useful tool to obtain stellar masses and radii. A critical issue associated with the scaling relations is that their limits are poorly understood \citep{hekker-2020-sc-review}. The intrinsic scatter of the... |
1904.02115 | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
The stochastic gravitational wave (GW) background has been constrained by multiple observations. The cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature and polarization observations have provided the tightest constraints on the GW background at very low frequencies, $f\alt 10^{-16}\... |
1510.00012 | \section{Introduction}
The discrete distribution, or discrete probability measure, is a well-adopted and succinct
way to summarize a batch of data. It often serves as a descriptor for
complex instances encountered in machine learning, {\it e.g.}, images,
sequences, and documents, where each instance itself is convert... |
2009.14008 | \section{Introduction}
Quantum light sources including on-demand single-photon sources are promising candidates in numerous frontier photonic and quantum technologies\cite{Utzat_Science2019,Cosacchi_PRL2019,Krieg_Acs2018,OBrien_NatPh2009}.
Embracing both experimental and theoretical investigations, single-photon emitte... |
2009.14040 | \subsection{Big systems}
What are the implications of the statement that a system is ``big''? Firstly, some concepts that suit ``small'' systems do not suit large systems. One of the most obvious of these concepts is the assumption of global states and steps that update global states \cite{reisig2020component_models}.... |
1111.2382 | \section{Thermodynamics of spin transport}
Eq.~(6) of the main text suggests that spin flow to and from excited magnon states vanishes when there is no thermal or spin gradient, i.e., when $\beta_{L}=\beta_{R}$ and $\Delta\mu=\mu_{L}$.
However, when either of these conditions is not met, $j_{\rm ex}\neq0$
and spin (as... |
2109.06534 | \section{Introduction}\label{Intro}
The problem of dark matter has a long history \cite{1}.
As was found by J.~Oort in 1932 when studying stellar motion in the neighborhood
of a galaxy, the galaxy mass must be well over than that of its visible
constituents \cite{2}. A year later, F.~Zwicky \cite{3} applied the v... |
2301.00639 | \section{Introduction}
The theory of marginally outer trapped surfaces has played an important role in several areas of mathematical general relativity, for example, in proofs of the spacetime positive mass theorem (\sl{e.g.} \cite{EHLS,LeeLesUng}) and in results on the topology of black holes (\sl{e.g.} \cite{GalMots... |
2206.12267 | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have led to the identification of hundreds of common genetic variants, or single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), associated with complex traits~\citep{Visscher2017} and are typically conducted by testing association on each SNP independen... |
1202.1970 | \section{Introduction}
Homogeneous turbulence submitted to distortions such as solid body rotation,
stratification, or the Lorentz force in the MHD context, exhibit axisymmetric statistics,
as a clear departure from isotropy. These anisotropic effects that arise
due to modified dynamics or energy exchange do n... |
1202.2103 | \section{Introduction}
Let $S_i$ ($i=1,...,n$) be operators acting on a Hilbert space $\H$. The $n$-tuple $S=[S_1\,\cdots\,S_n]$ is said to be isometric
if it is an isometry from $\H^n$ to $\H$, equivalently,
\[
S_i^*S_j=\delta_{i,j}I\quad (i,j=1,...,n).
\]
On one hand, it is well known that the C*-algebra generated
b... |
1202.1867 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The spontaneous breakdown of chiral symmetry plays a central role
in the spectrum of light hadrons. Since it is an intrinsically
non-perturbative phenomenon, the only way to study it from the
first principles of QCD is via the lattice regularization. Yet,
already many years ... |
1205.2068 | \section{Introduction}
Equilibration can be defined as the evolution of a
system out of equilibrium towards a stationary state in the long-time limit.
For quantum systems, the question arises how equilibration is possible in spite of the linear and unitary time evolution,
how the stationary state depends on the ini... |
1811.01488 | \section{Introduction}
Understanding how the hyperons undergo changes in nuclear matter is a
very important issue in contemporary nuclear physics. In particular,
it is of great interest to see how the hyperons are related to
in-medium kaon properties at low densities and
how they can be changed in higher densities that... |
2102.12816 | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Background and Motivation}\label{bnm}
\IEEEPARstart{I}{n} recent years, decentralized optimization problems have been extensively investigated in different research fields, such as distributed control of multi-robot systems, decentralized regularization problems with massive data ... |
2010.07261 | \section{Introduction}
Enabling chatbots to indulge in engaging conversations requires massive datasets of human-human conversations \cite{ritter2011data,sordoni2015neural,vinyals2015neural,zhang2018personalizing,zhang2019dialogpt}.
Training such dialog agents requires substantial time and effort expended in the collec... |
2206.04498 | \section{Introduction}
Graph signal processing (GSP) has attracted increased attention as it allows us to capture complex correlations in many practical problems. Signals observed in many applications can be modeled as graph signals. Examples include photographs, CMOS sensor images, and readings from sensor networks. G... |
2206.04509 | \section{Introduction}
Let $\mathbb{Z}\subset \mathbb{R}\subset \mathbb{C}$ be the set of
integers, real and complex numbers, respectively. Throughout,
$\mathfrak{g}=\mathfrak{g}(A)$ stands for a complex finite-dimensional
simple or an affine Kac--Moody Lie algebra -- accordingly, in short we
say $\mathfrak{g}$ is of ... |
0907.1317 | \section{Model}
The original Vicsek model is extended to incorporate the influence of the earlier and later-coming
leaders: a small proportion of the whole group of $N$-individuals is
given a preferred motion direction representing, for example, the
direction to a known food resource or a migration target, or the
fai... |
0907.0968 | \section{Introduction}
MAGIC are two imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes for gamma-ray astronomy located at the \textit{Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos} (European Northern Observatory, La Palma island, Spain). The production of a large amount of data during normal operation is inherent to the observational... |
0907.0314 | \section{Introduction}
Tropical algebra (also known as max-plus algebra) is the linear
algebra of the real numbers augmented with $-\infty$ when equipped
with the binary operations of addition and maximum. Interest in this
branch of mathematics is motivated by a wide range of applications
in numerous subject areas inc... |
0907.0919 | \section{}
\section{Introduction}
The Monte Carlo Renormalization Group (MCRG) methods, based on
Wilson's renormalization group theory, were developed and used extensively
in the 1980's to study the critical properties of spin and gauge models
\cite{Swendsen:1979gn,Swendsen:1981rb,Swendsen:1984vu,Hasenfratz:1984bx... |
astro-ph/0512163 | \section{Introduction}
In cold dark matter cosmology, the initially smooth distribution of
matter in the universe is expected to collapse into a complex network
of filaments and voids, structures which have been termed the ``cosmic
web''. The filamentary distribution of galaxies in the nearby universe
has been re... |
math/0512500 | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{History of the problem}
The theory of dynamical quantum groups is nowadays a well established part of mathematics,
see for example the review by P. Etingof \cite{E}. This theory originated from the notion of Dynamical Yang-Baxter equation which arose in the work of Gervais-Neveu o... |
math/0512038 | \section{Introduction}
Let $M$ be a {\it hyperbolic\/} 3-manifold, by which we shall mean a
compact, connected, orientable 3-manifold such that $M$ with its
boundary tori removed admits a complete hyperbolic structure with
totally geodesic boundary, and suppose that $M$ has a torus boundary
component $T_0$. If $r$ is... |
math/0512227 | \section*{Introduction}
The direct sum of the Solomon-Tits algebras of type $A_n$,
or twisted descent algebra, has been shown in~\cite{patsch06}
to carry a rich algebraic structure which extends and generalizes
the structures on the classical descent algebra (the direct sum
of the Solomon algebras of type $A_n$). Fr... |
astro-ph/0512448 | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}
In the standard model of accretion disks, turbulent viscosity plays an
important role in bringing material inward and transporting angular
momentum outward \citep[see][]{Frank2002}. At the same time, viscous
dissipation converts gravitational potential energy to thermal ... |
2202.12318 | \section{Introduction}
The study of random quotients of hyperbolic groups goes back to the origins of geometric group theory. Indeed, Gromov posed a question concerning Property (T) in such quotients in his original monograph \cite[$\S$4.5C]{Gromov_hyperbolic}. This question was later refined by Ollivier in \cite[$\S$... |
1806.10850 | \section{Introduction}
Recent evidence has highlighted that breast cancer is a biologically, clinically, and molecularly heterogeneous entity [1]. Uncontrolled proliferation is one of the key hallmarks of cancer [2]. Proliferation is often measured by using the Ki67 biomarker in breast tissue images. Ki67 is a nuclea... |
1806.11191 | \section{Introduction}
Generating multi-view images from a single-view input is an interesting problem with broad applications in vision, graphics, and robotics. Yet, it is a challenging problem since 1) computers need to ``imagine'' what a given object would look like after a 3D rotation is applied; and 2) the multi-v... |
1801.08124 | \section{Introduction}
Angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES) using synchrotron radiation has become an essential tool for condensed matter physics and surface science. The high spectral brightness of synchrotron radiation allows photoelectron spectra to be recorded with photocurrents in the nano-Ampere r... |
2211.07425 | \section{Introduction}
Deep learning segmentation models are already being used for easing the burden of cancer histopathology whole slide image (WSI) annotation \cite{van2021deep}. However, supervised training requires annotated images, often long training times and computational resources such as graphical processin... |
2211.07317 | \section{Introduction}
It is a common yet challenging task to acquire visually appealing photos with appropriate brightness under a low light environment.
Traditional ways to increase the image brightness include enlarging the aperture, adopting a higher ISO, and reducing the shutter speed (\emph{i.e}\onedot} \def\Ie{\... |
1810.00919 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro} Many econometric data are big data in the form of time series that can be seen as functions (\cite{Tsay16}).
In Functional Data Analysis (FDA) the observations are functional time series or multivariate functions. \cite{Ramsay05} provide an excellent overview of FDA. FDA has ... |
1001.1786 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking plays a central role
in the low-energy Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD).
It is understood that this phenomena is the source of the hadron masses
of order $\Lambda_{\mathrm{QCD}}$, the QCD scale.
An important exception is the pion, which is n... |
1001.2168 | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
Clusters of galaxies form in correspondence of the peaks of the
primordial matter density field as a result of the
gravitational collapse of both dark matter and baryons. In the
framework of the standard $\Lambda$CDM\ cosmological model and the
hierarchical clustering of th... |
1001.1386 | \chapter[Lecture \##1]{}}
\newcommand{\mathify}[1]{\ifmmode{#1}\else\mbox{$#1$}\fi}
\newcommand{\bigO}O
\newcommand{\set}[1]{\mathify{\left\{ #1 \right\}}}
\def\frac{1}{2}{\frac{1}{2}}
\newcommand{{\sf Enc}}{{\sf Enc}}
\newcommand{{\sf Dec}}{{\sf Dec}}
\newcommand{{\rm Exp}}{{\rm Exp}}
\newcommand{{\rm Var}}{{\rm Var... |
1001.2400 | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
The main difficulty of the coronal heating and solar wind acceleration
is how to lift up nonthermal (e.g. magnetic) energy from the photosphere
to upper regions because the hotter corona cannot stably exist above the
cooler photosphere by upward thermal heat flux. In addition, ... |
1802.01019 | \section{Introduction}\label{introduction}
In general relativity, the vacuum Einstein field equations of a spacetime $(M,\gamma)$ with cosmological constant $\Lambda$ can be written as
\[\text{Ric}_\gamma=\Lambda \gamma.\]
When $\Lambda<0$ the lowest energy solution is called the anti-de Sitter(AdS) spacetime. The sign... |
1905.02428 | \section{Motivation}
Due to current trends in distributed systems and information integration, there is an increasing need for accessing external information sources from within knowledge representation formalisms such as \emph{Answer Set Programming} (\emph{ASP}) \cite{GelfondL91}.
For instance, it might be necessary... |
1309.5553 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
If a group $G$ has a finite $K(G, 1)$
and does not contain any Baumslag-Solitar groups, is $G$ hyperbolic?
(See \cite{Questions}.)
This is one of the most famous questions on hyperbolic groups.
Probably, many people expect that the answer is negative,
and it would be better to ... |
2110.12672 | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
Coronal holes are areas of low plasma density and relatively low temperature in the outer atmosphere of the Sun.
They are associated with magnetic field rapidly expanding with height and the acceleration of the high-speed solar wind \citep{1975SoPh...40..351W, 2019ARA&A..57..15... |
1905.09957 | \section{Code}
\label{sec:code}
Code for this paper is publicly available at the following repository:\\
\url{https://github.com/jfc43/robust-attribution-regularization}
\section{Proofs}
\label{sec:proofs}
\subsection{Additional definitions}
\label{sec:additional-defs}
Let $P, Q$ be two distributions, a coupling $M =... |
1905.09884 | \section{Proof of Theorem \ref{thm:sparse_bnb}}\label{appendixA}
\setcounter{theorem}{0}
\begin{theorem}[Sparse Bernoulli naive Bayes]
Consider the sparse Bernoulli naive Bayes training problem \eqref{eq:bnb0}, with binary data matrix $X \in \{0,1\}^{n \times m}$. The optimal values of the variables are obtained as fol... |
1511.05145 | \section{Introduction}
A fundamental probe in modern astronomy to understand the Universe, its history and evolution, is the measurement of distances. Stellar parallax and the spectroscopic parallax allow us to reach $\sim$ 100-1000 pc, respectively but farther afield other methods are needed. A traditional techniqu... |
1911.04922 | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{M}ACHINE intelligence is revolutionizing every branch of science and technology \cite{ml1,dl1}.
If a machine wants to learn, it requires at least two ingredients: information and computation, which are usually separated from each other in machine-type communication (MTC) systems \c... |
2210.14059 | \section{Introduction} \label{sect_intro}
We present new results in the study of self-similar measures on
path space for infinite graph models,here called generalized
Bratteli diagrams. By this, we mean particular
graph systems $B$ with the property that the corresponding sets $V$
of vertices, and $E$ of edges, admit... |
1704.05900 | \section{Introduction}
\label{s1}
Supernovae (SNe) mark the deaths of stars. They can be divided into
two broad categories: core-collapse SNe from the gravitationally
powered explosion of massive stars \citep[e.g.][]{smartt_progenitors_2009},
and Type Ia SNe from the thermonuclear destruction of white dwarfs
\citep[e.... |
1704.05841 | \section{Introduction}
Recommender systems have become quite essential for our modern information society. Applied within a variety of engines, they predict human behaviour (e.g. ratings a user might give to a specific item) and thus models a user's preferences. In doing so, those algorithms use specific machine learni... |
1611.05466 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The recent discovery of the Higgs boson \cite{Aad:2012tfa, Chatrchyan:2012xdj} and the ongoing measurements of its properties \cite{Khachatryan:2016vau} are in good agreement with the hypothesis that this particle is a remnant of the Brout-Englert-Higgs mechanism, i.e. the spont... |
2211.03537 | \section{Introduction}
In a seminal work~\cite{VonNeumannBook}, von Neumann discovered a continuous analogue of finite-dimensional projective geometry. \emph{Continuous geometries}, i.e., complete, complemented, modular lattices whose algebraic operations possess certain natural continuity properties, are the central ... |
2111.00459 | \section{Introduction}
The design of efficient scheduling algorithms is a fundamental problem in wireless networks. In each time slot, a scheduling algorithm aims to determine a subset of non-interfering links such that the system of queues in the network is stabilized. Depending on the interference model and the netwo... |
2206.06192 | \section{Introduction}
This work is about the very well-known ``Switchboard'' subset of an evaluation of US English conversational telephone speech recognition, originally conducted by NIST in 2000. \cite{fiscus20002000}
The current best published result is 4.3\% WER \cite{tuske2021limit}, which also acknowledged tha... |
1507.04297 | \section{Introduction and the main result}
In this paper, we prove that given a non-contractible hyperbolic periodic orbit of a symplectomorphism isotopic to the identity there are infinitely many periodic points provided the symplectomorphism satisfies some constraints on its flux. The result holds for certain symp... |
1507.03920 | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Answer set programming (ASP) \cite{DBLP:journals/ngc/GelfondL91,DBLP:journals/amai/Niemela99,mare-trus-99} is a declarative language for knowledge representation, particularly suitable to model common non-monotonic tasks such as reasoning by default, abductive reasoning, and be... |
1908.00578 | \subsection{Notes}
\section{Introduction
In this article we consider the problem of finding the visibility set from a given viewpoint given a set of known obstacles using a Partial Differential Equation (PDE).
In principle, the visibility set is simply given by ray tracing and there are numerous algorithms for solvi... |
1702.00844 | \section{Introduction}
A recent development in radio astronomy is to build instruments where
traditional dishes are replaced with many small and simple
omni-directional antennas. The signals of the antennas are combined to
form one large virtual telescope. Examples include current and future
instruments such as LOFAR ... |
2103.09165 | \section{Introduction}
Superposition is one of the most striking phenomena which distinguishes quantum from classical physics. The degree to which a system is superposed between different orthogonal states is known as \emph{coherence} \cite{RevModPhys.89.041003,aberg2006quantifying,PhysRevLett.119.230401}. Much like en... |
1612.00467 | \section{Introduction}
The steadily growing amount of digitized clinical data such as health records, scholarly medical literature, systematic reviews of substances and procedures, or descriptions of clinical trials holds significant potential for exploitation by automatic inference and data mining techniques. Besides ... |
2110.06742 | \section{INTRODUCTION}
\label{sec:intro}
\subsection{\acl{MORL}}
\ac{MORL} is the subfield of \ac{RL} that attempts to find optimal policies for problems with at least two objectives. Within this field, various techniques have been proposed, such as \acp{MOEA}\cite{Deb2002}, Deep Q-Learning with Lexicograph... |
1702.03903 | \section{Introduction}
Active matter, i.e., the emergent behavior of a large number of agents
that can produce mechanical forces via energy dissipation
\cite{Ramaswamy_10}, is recently proving itself as an extremely rich
context for non-equilibrium phenomena. Instances range from schools of
fish or bird flocks, to vib... |
1702.03707 | \section{Introduction}
The aim of this article is twofold. In the spirit of Graham-Yao \cite{GrY90}, we give a ``whirlwind tour'' of two areas of Geometric Ramsey Theory, and make some modest contributions to them.
\smallskip
The {\em diameter} of a finite point set $P$, denoted by ${\rm diam}(P)$, is the largest dis... |
1702.03874 | \section{Introduction}
Many signal processing and resource allocation problems can be posed as an optimization problem which aims at minimizing a system cost consisting of local costs of subsystems and a shared cost of the whole system. For instance, consider a power system divided into multiple subsystems depending... |
2201.13437 | \section{Conclusion}
We have reported quantum simulations on realistic models of multi-layered rGO which reveal the complex interplay between disorder and interlayer interactions in dictating the dominant transport mechanism.
Depending on the concentration of defects, multilayer interaction can enhance or suppress the... |
2102.03397 | \section*{Acknowledgments}
This work was supported through the Air Force Office of Scientific Research Grant No. FA9550-15-1-0474, and the National Science Foundation [Platform for the Accelerated Realization, Analysis, and Discovery of Interface Materials (PARADIM)] under Cooperative Agreement No. DMR-1539918, NSF DMR... |
1304.2976 | \section{Introduction}
According to galaxy formation theories dwarf spheroidal galaxies are
believed to inhabit massive dark matter halos. Because of their large
mass to light ratio these galaxies are ideal to test fundamental
predictions of the $\Lambda$CDM cosmological paradigm, since it is generally
considered rel... |
1304.3340 | \section{Introduction}
Several criteria to detect non-classicality of quantum states of a
harmonic oscillator have been introduced, mostly
based on phase-space distributions
\cite{Wig32,Gla63,Sud63,CTL91,CTL92,Arv97,Arv98,Mar01,Par01,Dod02,Ken04},
ordered moments \cite{Shc05,Kie08,Vog08}, or on information-theoretic... |
1304.3328 | \section{Introduction}
In \cite{AS}, Aganagic and Shakirov defined refined invariants of the $(m,n)$ torus knot by constructing two matrices $S$ and $T$ that act on an appropriate quotient of the Fock space, and satisfy the relations in the group $SL_2(\BZ)$ (as in the work of Etingof and Kirillov). They conjectured t... |
1706.01017 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Among galaxy scalings, the correlation of baryonic mass with rotation velocity (baryonic Tully--Fisher relation; BTFR) stands out. In addition to possessing a very small intrinsic scatter, the BTFR is an almost perfect power-law over six decades of mass, describes galaxies with... |
1504.01938 | \section{Introduction}\label{SecIntro}
Consider the following class of definable ccc posets (see examples in Section \ref{SecBorelccc}).
\begin{definition}\label{DefcccBorel}
A poset $\Sor$ is \emph{ccc Borel} if it is ccc, the relations $\leq_{\Sor}$ and $\perp_{\Sor}$ are Borel, it adds a (generic) real $\d... |
1504.01704 | \section{preliminaries}
We consider the case that $m=2k+1$ for $k\in\mathbb{N}$, whence the digits set $\Omega=\{0,1,\cdots, 2k+1\}$,
the generalized golden ration $\beta=\mathcal{G}(m)=\frac{k+1+\sqrt{k^{2}+6k+5}}{2}$, and $I_{\beta, m}=[0,\frac{m}{\beta-1}]=[0, \beta-k]$.
Recall that $\beta$ satisfies the alg... |
1704.05294 | \section{Introduction} \label{intro}
Perfect teleportation of an arbitrary quantum state using a classical channel would require an infinite amount of classical resources. However, it is possible to teleport an arbitrary quantum state with unit fidelity using a quantum channel and a few bits of classical communication... |
math/0701295 | \section{Introduction}
This paper is a companion to our paper \cite{DenSet}, where we introduced
the category of dendroidal sets, and explained some of its applications.
The main goal of the present paper is to introduce a notion of ''inner
Kan complex'' for dendroidal sets, and to prove some of the fundamental
proper... |
cond-mat/0701738 | \section{Theory}
We propose
the general Hamiltonian of a tightly packed toroid, with any type of short/long-range attractive interactions between segments:
${\cal H}_{cl}(a,l,L,W) = {\textstyle \frac{Ll}{2} a^2} - W \Bigl[ \frac{2\pi}{a} {\cal V}(N{}) + \left( L - \frac{2\pi N{}}{a} \right) $\\
${\textstyle Gap(N{})... |
cs/0701009 | \section{Introduction}
The problem that we consider in this paper can be formulated as a
clustering problem. These types of problems have been studied for
quite long time and have many theoretical and practical applications
in computer science \cite{datta}. A branch of clustering problems
includes problems in which gi... |
physics/0701194 | \section{}
\section{Introduction}
The importance of cold collisions with regard to the dynamics of
dilute neutral atom clouds was realized soon after the advent of
laser-cooled and trapped atomic samples \cite{weinj03}. Since
then, numerous investigations, both experimental and theoretical, have
been made into th... |
1612.08772 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Introduction}In this section, we first motivate and describe
our approach for the construction of structured Banach frame decompositions
for decomposition spaces and compare our results to the known literature.
Then, we introduce a few standard and non-standard conventions and
standin... |
1612.08675 | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Under propitious circumstances, quantum vacuum fluctuations
produce macroscopically observable consequences. Such is the case when a
quantum field, and hence its fluctuations, satisfy non-trivial boundary
conditions.
One of the most celebrated physical realizations of this is th... |
2111.04330 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
There is a huge imbalance between labeled and unlabeled data, as labeled data is hard to obtain, yet unlabeled data is everywhere.
Self-supervised learning (SSL) can take advantage of such large volumes of unlabeled data to mine general-purpose knowledge.
It is a new trend in na... |
2003.13162 | \section{Introduction}
This paper is concerned with explicitly proving the convergence of a scalar ensemble Kalman filter in three cases: finite step and asymptotic ensemble, finite ensemble and asymptotic step, and finite step and finite ensemble with optimal inflation.
Bayesian data assimilation~\cite{asch2016data,... |
0708.3019 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec1}
\vspace{-3mm}
The problem of fading and the ways to combat it through spatial diversity
techniques have been an active area of research. Multiple-input
multiple-output (MIMO) techniques have become popular in realizing spatial
diversity and high data rates through the use of multipl... |
0708.3784 | \section{Introduction}
Localization of quantum states in phase space is a prerequisite
in some semiclassical treatments of quantum evolution. In the classically chaotic case,
the width of an initially localized Gau{\ss}ian increases exponentially
\cite{CR97} up to the so called Ehrenfest time $T_{E}$, i.e., the time ... |
0708.2747 | \section{Introduction and Summary}
The proposed duality between Yang-Mills theories and string theories
has been a fascinating avenue for explorations since Maldacena's '97
conjecture\cite{malda}. The duality relating the weak-coupling
regime of a ten dimensional string theory to the strongly coupled
sector of a four ... |
0708.4345 | \section{ Introduction }\label{Introduction}
Detection of electron antineutrinos from SN~1987A (see \cite{H87,H88,Bi87})
confirmed the previous theoretical ideas about neutrinos playing crucial role
in the core collapse of type~II supernovae. According to well established
estimates, only about one percent of the gravi... |
0708.4322 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
We study the ratio of the unintegrated gluon distribution of a nucleus
$\varphi_A(k_{\perp},Y)$ over the unintegrated gluon distribution of a proton
$\varphi_p(k_{\perp},Y)$ scaled up by $A^{1/3}$
\begin{equation}
R_{pA} = \frac{\varphi_{A}\left( k_{\perp },Y\right) }{A^{\frac{... |
0708.2894 | \section{Statement of Results}\label{S:intro}
Let $\Omega\subset\mathbb{C}^2$ be a pseudoconvex domain (not necessarily bounded) having a smooth boundary.
Let $p\in\partial\Omega$ be a point of infinite type: by this we mean that for {\em each} $N\in\zahl_+$,
there exists a germ of a $1$-dimensional complex-analytic v... |
2207.13801 | \section{INTRODUCTION}
Sleep is known to play a significant role in the mental and physical health of an individual \cite{siegel2005clues} and therefore the development of tools to diagnose the quality of sleep and common sleep pathologies is fundamental.
Sleep is monitored through polysomnography (PSG), \emph{i.e.}, ... |
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