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2103.01320 | \section{Introduction}
Multi-player competitions are a recurrent theme in physics, biology, sociology, and economics since they model several phenomena. We refer to the introduction of \cite{ben2007efficiency} for various examples of models of multi-player competitions related to evolution, social stratification, busi... |
2208.09755 | \section*{Acknowledgments.} This material is based upon work supported by the National
\subjclass[2020]{Primary:
35B40;
Secondary:
35K65, 35Q85.
}
\keywords{Kompaneets equation, Sunyaev--Zeldovich effect, Bose--Einstein condensate, quantum entropy,
LaSalle invariance principle}
\begin{abstract}
The Kompaneet... |
1111.6343 | \section{Introduction}
Weak itinerant ferromagnets (WIFMs) are metallic magnetic systems characterized by very low saturation moment and low Curie temperature ($T_C$).~\cite{shimizu, kaul} WIFMs attracted considerable attention due to their exotic ground state properties such as unusual magnetic excitation, supercond... |
1503.08979 | \section{\label{Sec1}Introduction}
In a central hotspot-ignition scheme of inertial confinement fusion (ICF)\cite{Nuckolls72,Atzeni04}, a layered capsule with a frozen deuterium-tritium (DT) main fuel shell is imploded, the central hotspot is compressed and heated to reach ignition condition. A thermonuclear burn wave... |
1906.09375 | \section{\bf Introduction}
The effective approximation of stochastic partial differential equations has attracted a lot of attention recently \cite{2,Duan,Otto}, due to its importance in valid mathematical modeling and efficient simulation.
The Schr\"{o}dinger equation is the fundamental equation in quantum physics... |
1406.6939 | \section{Background}
The transient, free decay of coupled, damped oscillators is not discussed in elementary physics courses and rarely, if ever, in advanced ones. The discussion in advanced physics textbooks is cursory, typically suggesting that one would proceed ``just as one might imagine" but that the details are... |
1506.07855 | \section{Introduction}
In everyday life we often use mechanical devices that utilize oscillatory force along with a valve mechanism to generate unidirectional flow, e.g., a simple hand pump. In this, the valve breaks space-inversion symmetry, as a result breaking time-reversal symmetry, leading to unidirectional flow.
... |
1810.08308 | \section{Introduction}
Random Matrix models were originally suggested by Wigner \cite{MR0083848,MR0077805} to model the nuclei of heavy atoms.
The models he originally studied, the Gaussian orthogonal/unitary ensembles were successful in describing the spacing distribution between energy levels. Wigner conjectured t... |
1009.3613 | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
The \texttt{AdaBoost} algorithm \citep{Freund:Schapire1996a,Freund:Schapire1997}, which aims to construct a ``strong'' classifier by combining some ``weak'' learners (slightly better than random guess), has been one of the most influential classification algorithms \citep{Car... |
1510.00863 | \section{Introduction}
Consider a finite map $\pi : X \rightarrow Y$ of degree $\mu$.
Let $B = \cup B_i$ be the branch locus and its irreducible decomposition.
Let $R= \pi^{-1}( B )= \cup R_j$ be the ramification locus and the irreducible decomposition of its reduction. Note that we are taking here the potentially no... |
1910.07134 | \section{Introduction}
The Transformer network \citep{vaswani2017attention} is a neural sequence-to-sequence model that has achieved state-of-the-art results in machine translation. However, Transformer models tend to be very large, typically consisting of hundreds of millions of parameters. As the number of paramete... |
1510.07604 | \section*{\abstractname}
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\quotation
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{\if@twocolumn\else\endquotation\fi}
\fi
\makeatother
\hypersetup{
pdfmenubar=false,
pdfauthor={Eris Runa},
pdfsubject={Subject},
pd... |
1510.07939 | \section{Introduction and motivation}
Atom interferometers are rapidly evolving, being used as new quantum sensors
for fundamental physics experiments and in several other applications
\cite{Varenna2013}. In gravitational physics, for example, they
enable precise measurements of gravity \cite{Peters1999,Gillot2014}, g... |
1510.07865 | \section{Introduction}
As more and more different types of smart devices are produced and applied in people's daily life, wireless traffic demand has experienced an unprecedented growth. Cisco's most recent report\cite{cisco} forecasts that the mobile multimedia data will grow at a compound annual growth rate of more... |
1510.07702 | \section{Introduction}
The most massive galaxies in the Universe are interesting for several reasons, so they have been the object of much study. Recent work has shown that the most luminous galaxies at $z\sim 0.1$ are more abundant than expected from the most commonly used parametrizations of the luminosity function ... |
2205.15511 | \section{Introduction}
Sentiment analysis (SA) has received much attention in both academia and industry for its great value \cite{zhou2020sentix,zhou2020modeling}. Instead of assuming that the entire text has an overall sentiment polarity, more and more researchers turn to investigate the fine-grained SA, such as even... |
2104.10243 | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Zeros of derivatives of zeta functions}
Let $s=\sigma+it$ be a complex variable and $\zeta(s)$ be the Riemann zeta function, which satisfies the functional equation \[h(s)\zeta(s)=h(1-s)\zeta(1-s),\] where $h(s)=\pi^{-s/2}\Gamma(s/2)$.
In 1859, Riemann predicted that all the comple... |
1604.06371 | \section{Introduction}
Disequilibrium species in the atmosphere of Jupiter and Saturn can be used to constrain the deep water abundance and the deep eddy diffusion coefficient in the atmospheres of Jupiter and Saturn \citep[e.g.,][]{PB77, FL94}. Various disequilibrium species such as CO, PH$_3$, GeH$_4$, and AsH$_3$ ha... |
1509.02391 | \section{Introduction}
Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs) are ground-based telescopes that study the gamma ray sky at very high-energies (VHE; E>100 GeV).
Current generation of IACTs include the successful experiments H.E.S.S., located in Namibia, MAGIC, in the Canary Islands, and VERITAS, in Arizona.
Du... |
2203.11879 | \section{Some Properties of $H^{1/2}_{0,}(a,b)$} \label{sec:NormEquivalence}
In this appendix,
we provide proofs of Lemma~\ref{lem:NormEquivalence} and Lemma~\ref{lem:FractionalNormPointtau}
of Section~\ref{sec:FctSpc} concerning the Sobolev space $H^{1/2}_{0,}(a,b)$, and
state Poincar\'e and interpolation inequalitie... |
2104.04097 | \section{\label{sec:1} Introduction}
\par All material substances interact nonlinearly with intense electromagnetic radiation leading to so-called parametric excitation or parametric instabilities \cite{armstrong62,Drake,Forslund,Kruer,background2}. In laser fusion parametric instabilities such as stimulated Brillouin... |
2101.04136 | \section{Introduction}
Pump-probe spectroscopy has emerged as an important experimental method to probe and manipulate
correlated electronic
matter~\cite{reviews,okamoto07,fausti11,liu12,Zong,mitrano16, Kogar,Buzzi,Thewalt18}.
In this technique the system is first subjected to an intense laser pump, and then
the reacti... |
2205.07971 | \section{Introduction}
In the half-space $\Pi=\R_+\times\R^n$, where $\R_+=(0,+\infty)$, we consider the conservation law
\begin{equation}\label{1}
u_t+\div_x\varphi(u)=0
\end{equation}
with a jump continuous flux vector $\varphi(u)=(\varphi_1(u),\ldots,\varphi_n(u))$. This means that at each point $u_0\in\R$ ther... |
1910.03718 | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{O}{ne} major research topic on random matrices is to study the tail inequalities for sums of random matrices, which bound the probability of the extreme eigenvalues (or singular values) of sums of random matrices that are larger than a given constant ({\it cf.}\cite{ahlswede2002s... |
1910.03841 | \section{Introduction}
The solar cycle activity that waxes and wanes with a period of 11 years
modulates the heliospheric environment and has potential implications
for changes in ``space weather". It is, therefore, extremely important
to understand long term changes in solar cycle activity and to accurately predict... |
2006.03304 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Radio detection of cosmic-ray air-showers is the promising technique providing cost-effective and high duty-cycle measurements.
Although radio emission from extensive air-showers (EAS) has been detected and studied since a long time, the technique becomes applicable for the fie... |
1302.1481 | \section{\bigskip Introduction}
Topological superconductors (TSCs) and superfluids (TSFs)\cite{Qi,Qi1} have
attracted considerable interest in condensed matter physics because of their
potential applications on the fault-tolerant topological quantum computation
(TQC)\cite{Nayak}. One of the remarkable features in... |
2202.03335 | \section{Defense Evaluation}
This section reports the defense performance of our proposed PPD and three existing defensive mechanisms (Basic, DP, and ADV). We consider the defense performance with and without the adaptive attacks.
Due to the large computation for exploring proper hyper-parameters in all the defenses, w... |
2202.03340 | \section{{\bf Introduction}}\label{Sec.1}
A Lidstone series provides a generalization of Taylor series that approximates a given function in a neighborhood of two points instead of one \cite{Lidstone}. Recently, Ismail and Mansour \cite{Ismail and Mansour} introduced a $q$-analog of the Lidstone expansion theorem. The... |
solv-int/9504002 | \section{Introduction}
During the last years an essential progress has been
achieved in the investigation
of integrable quantum field theories. Such a success owes much to the fact
that these models are characterized by infinite dimensional Hopf algebra
symmetries, known as affine quantum group symmetries.
These symme... |
chem-ph/9504003 | \section{Introduction}
The conventional approach to solving electronic structure problems has been
through the use of basis set expansion of wavefunctions.\cite{szabo/ostlund}
While these methods can
produce highly accurate results, there are a few drawbacks. Amongst them, the
completeness of the basis set is always a... |
2211.11191 | \section{Introduction}
\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{figures/motivation.pdf}
\caption{Users' multi-domain behaviors. The definition of \textit{domain} can be \textit{recommendation scenario} or \textit{item category}.}
\label{fig:motivation}
\end{figure}
As an ef... |
1106.2014 | \section{Introduction}
Testing for white noise is important in many econometric contexts. Ignoring
autocorrelation of the residuals in a linear regression model can lead to
erroneous confidence intervals or tests. Correlation of residuals from an ARMA
model or of the squared residuals from an ARCH model can indicate a... |
1106.2342 | \section{Introduction}
The use of copulas has become commonplace for dependence modelling in finance, insurance, and risk management (see, for example, \citet{CLV2004}, \citet{FV1998}, and \citet{MFE2005}).
The Archimedean copulas---a subclass of copulas---have received particular attention in the literature for both... |
2301.11111 | \section{Introduction}
Moving toward the post-pandemic world, we are experiencing a new, previously inconceivable change in our lives. A large part of our daily activities are going online, and we are witnessing numerous use-cases in shopping, mobility, healthcare, and manufacturing. As a platform to embrace this dram... |
2007.13226 | \section{Introduction and Preliminaries}
Let $E$ and $F$ be two Riesz spaces. A mapping $T:E\rightarrow F$ is said to
be a \textit{lattice homomorphism} after Mena and Roth in [7] whenever
\[
T(x\vee y)=Tx\vee Ty\text{ and }T(x\wedge y)=Tx\wedge Ty\text{, for all
}x,y\in E\text{.
\]
A linear homomorphism is cal... |
2203.12328 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec1}
In mobile communication networks, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems have to deal with time-selectivity of the channel in addition to frequency-selectivity. A key issue in OFDM is the problem of channel estimation/equalization in time-varying channels \cite{col... |
1311.3806 | \chapter{Assumptions and prerequisites}
Throughout this paper we will assume ${\cal K}$ is a homogeneous metric abstract elementary class with perturbations with complete type spaces (see [HH]) that is weakly simple and $d^p$-superstable.
We write $a,b$ etc. for finite tuples. As a shorthand $ab$ will denote the c... |
1311.4217 | \section{Introduction}
\label{Intro}
This paper concerns operations on knots and links, particularly infection by string links. Classically, knots and links are considered as isotopy classes of embeddings of a 1-manifold into a 3-manifold, such as $\mathbb{R}^3$, $D^3$, or $S^3$. Instead of considering just isotopy c... |
2011.07858 | \section{Introduction}
The Troitsk nu-mass experiment is dedicated to the search for sterile neutrinos. The setup consists of a windowless gaseous tritium source (WGTS), electrostatic spectrometer with adiabatic magnetic collimation (MAC-E spectrometer), and a semiconductor detector (Fig.~\ref{fig:setup}).The setup wi... |
2108.02068 | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
In contrast to the classical notion of vacuum, describing the absence of everything, the vacuum of a quantum field theory (QFT) amounts to a highly non-trivial state.
It is characterized by the omnipresence of quantum fluctuations of all the dynamical degrees of freedom of the u... |
1802.01828 | \section{Introduction}
Let $\mathcal{H}(\mathbb{D})$ denote the class of analytic functions defined on the unit disk $\D= \{z \in \C:\, |z|<1\}$
with the (metrizable) topology of uniform convergence on compact subsets of $\D$ and we denote the boundary of $\D$ by $\T$.
Weighted composition operator is a combination ... |
1802.01594 | \section{Introduction}
\cite{Bekenstein1972}, based on the suggestion given by Geroch in 1971, argued
for an engine, namely Geroch-Bekenstein engine, converting mass to energy with
an almost $100\%$ efficiency in the extreme gravitational potential of a black hole.
While such an efficient conversion is generally ver... |
1009.0071 | \section{Introduction}
Multiwavelength constraints on the thermal emission of hot Jupiters are crucial to precisely defining
the spectral energy distributions of these planets and understanding their energy budgets.
Interestingly most hot Jupiter
thermal emission detections to date have not been at the blackbody ... |
1009.0229 | \section{Preliminaries on certain graphs}\label{sec_graph_prelim}
In this section we consider directed graphs $g$ whose vertices are labeled by the letters $A$, $B$,
$C$, $D$, $I$ (as in \textit{Initial}) and $F$ (as in \textit{Final}), and whose edges are labeled by
integers. The sets of vertices and edges are denote... |
2202.01169 | \section{Introduction}
\label{introduction}
It is a commonly held belief that increasing the size of a neural network leads to better performance, especially when training on large and diverse real-world datasets.
This vague and debated notion has become increasingly justified as large empirical studies have shown tha... |
1910.12648 | \section{Introduction}
Supersymmetric quantum mechanics (SUSYQM) has proven to be a key
technique in the construction of exactly-solvable potentials and in
the understanding of shape-invariance. The supersymmetric partners of
the harmonic oscillators are known as rational extensions because the
corresponding potentia... |
1904.03120 | \section{Introduction}
Electrons and muons carry a magnetic moment, which is correctly predicted by Dirac's original theory of the
electron to within a permille of precision. The proportionality factor between the spin and the magnetic
moment of the lepton $\ell$ is parameterized by the gyromagnetic ratio
$g$. In Dira... |
2207.06726 | \section{Introduction}
In recent years, the continuous development of face recognition systems has opened various applications such as automatic phone unlocking, border control, public surveillance, and many more convenient applications. Current state-of-the-art face recognition systems~\cite{deng2019arcface, meng2021m... |
2103.15344 | \section{1. Introduction}
Breakthroughs in synthesis could evoke new material concepts. For example, graphene together with a variety of single-layer structures have substantiated and popularized the 2-D materials \cite{Geim}. On the other hand, varying the attributes affiliated with existing conceptions could help dis... |
1404.3739 | \section{Introduction}
There has been stimulating progress in observational inflationary cosmology.
The BICEP2 experiment \cite{Ade:2014xna} has announced the observation of the ratio of tensor to scalar perturbations
of the metric to be
\begin{eqnarray}
r = 0.2^{+0.07}_{-0.05}
\end{eqnarray}
which has triggered a... |
1404.3822 | \section{Introduction}
Let $G$ be a semisimple Lie group and $\mathcal{X}$ the associated symmetric space of dimension $n$.
Let $M$ be a connected, orientable, aspherical, tame manifold of the same dimension as $\mathcal{X}$. First assume that $M$ is compact. To each representation $\rho :\pi_1(M) \rightarrow G$, one... |
1804.02469 | \section{Introduction}
A popular research problem in data mining is graph anomaly detection, which has applications in areas ranging from finance to power grid operation to detecting social trends \cite{noble2003graph,eberle2007anomaly,akoglu2015graph}. In this paper we explore using description
length for graph anom... |
2111.08514 | \section{Introduction}
Electronics and signal processing, especially in their linear modalities,
have largely relied on the algebraic operations of sum, subtraction, and product of signals.
Filtering, self- and cross correlations are just some examples of the interesting
applications of linear signal processing
(e... |
astro-ph/0502167 | \section{Introduction}
The first ever stellar trigonometric parallax was reported by
F. Bessel in 1838 for 61 Cygni, after a ``race'' in which he narrowly
defeated F. G. Wilhelm Struve and T. Henderson, who published the
parallaxes for Vega and $\alpha$ Centauri, respectively, in the next
year. Since then, trigonomet... |
astro-ph/0502501 | \section{Introduction}
The jets observed emanating from the nuclei of quasars and other
active galactic nuclei (AGN) represent the most energetic long-lived phenomenon
in the universe. Although jet imaging is no longer the sole prerogative of radio
astronomy, the exquisite resolution of Very Long Baseline Interferomet... |
astro-ph/0502113 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Measurements of the cosmic microwave background radiation \cite{cmb1}
have revealed a highly uniform energy density background with super-horizon
perturbations on the order of one part in $10^5$. In the standard
inflationary paradigm \cite{ref,infref}, these density... |
hep-ph/0502084 | \section*{Abstract}
\abstracts{
We review recent important progresses at the B factories and discuss the future prospects. We also comment on how we might proceed to search for new physics.
}
\section{Introduction}
Much progress in $B$ physics has been achieved over the past few years.
Both KEK and SLAC have achieved ... |
gr-qc/0502109 | \section{Introduction}
Causality plays an important role in the brane-world
scenario. Null geodesics passing through the extra
dimension may connect points in the lower dimension which are
causally disconnected in terms of the null geodesics confined to
the brane \cite{Chung}. Thus instead of inflation, such null
geod... |
2206.07847 | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Symplectic capacities}
A {\it symplectic capacity} is a function $c$ that assigns numbers $c(X,\omega)\in [0,\infty]$ to symplectic manifolds $(X,\omega)$ of a certain dimension $2n$. Symplectic capacities are required to be monotonic under symplectic embeddings and behave linearly ... |
1909.00893 | \section{Introduction}
Output tracking in dynamical systems, such as robots, flight control, economics, biology, cyber-physical systems, is the practice of designing decision makers which ensure that a system's output tracks a given signal \cite{devasia1996nonlinear,martin1996different}.
Well-known existing metho... |
1909.00726 | \section{Yukawa Phases in the Type-III 2HDM}
\paragraph{}
In a type-III 2HDM, complex phases in the Yukawa couplings cannot be rotated
away completely by absorbing the phases in the right-handed quark fields. To see
why this is true, consider the mass term for the top quark coming from
Eq.~\eqref{yukawas} after electr... |
1305.0678 | \section{Introduction}
It is well know fact that hyperbolic dynamics has been one of the most sucessfull theory in dynamical systems. But soon was realized that there is an easy way to relax hyperbolicity, called partial hyperbolicity, which allows the tangent bundle to split into invariant subbundles $TM=E^s\opl... |
2009.02005 | \section{Implementation}
Given the focus of our study on monitoring and comprehension, our
implementation of staged animation of online dynamic graphs
precludes any user interaction with the system.
This is an artificial constraint as most visualization or visual
analytic systems for monitoring networks would have so... |
2207.12940 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Medical studies using real-world data (RWD) may benefit from exploiting clinical reports, a rich albeit unstructured part of electronic health records (EHR) collected during care episodes. These reports may contain relevant information that is scarce in structured EHR: by some ... |
2111.03731 | \section{Introduction}
Machine learning (ML) methods are rapidly gaining traction and importance in virtually all applications of information technology. The success and pervasive use of machine learning techniques is fuelled by a combination of increasing availability of data and readily accessible, cheap and powerful... |
2111.03713 | \section{Applications} \label{sec:application}
We now illustrate the benefits of the Karhunen-Loève expansion on functionals for the pricing of exotic derivatives.
We slightly change notations and write $W$ for the coordinate process. The path $X$ now represents the stock price where for simplicity, we employ the Black... |
1911.11165 | \section{Introduction}
It is evident from observations that most if not all elliptical galaxies and many disk galaxies host a supermassive black hole at their centre (SMBH, see \citealt{kormendy.ho.2013, graham.2016} for reviews). By extracting energy from gas accretion, those SMBHs are the power engines of active gala... |
cond-mat/9701011 | \section{Introduction}
A system is said to exhibit damage spreading (DS) if the ``distance'' between
two of its replicas, that evolve under the same thermal noise but from
slightly different initial conditions, increases with time.
Even though DS was first introduced in the
context of biologically motivated dynami... |
2106.14243 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Scientists routinely make causal generalization in their research. This perplexing scientific and philosophical problem demands resolution of many challenging issues \citep{Shadishbook} when the causal effect is possibly heterogeneous or depends on subject characteristics. S... |
1808.09344 | \section{Introduction}
Intersection graphs of geometrical objects in the plane are among the most studied graph classes and have applications in various domains such as for instance biology, statistics, psychology and computing (see \cite{McMc}). We define the \textit{intersection graph} $G$ of a family $\mathcal{F}... |
2204.02787 | \section{Approach}
This section presents the approach in detail.
Before going through the four components introduced in \Cref{sec:overview overview}, we define the query language to specify what kind of code changes to search for.
\subsection{Query Language}
\label{sec:queryingLanguage}
To search for specific kinds ... |
2003.05207 | \section{Introduction}
\subsubsection{Reprogramming the quantum random oracle. }
\def\varepsilon{\varepsilon}
We reconsider the recent work of Don, Fehr, Majenz and Schaffner~\cite{DFMS19} on the quantum random oracle model (QROM). On a technical level, they showed how to reprogram the QROM adaptively at {\em one} i... |
1011.2617 | \section{Introduction}
The solar atmosphere is known to be strongly magnetised and dynamic in nature \cite{Vaiana73,Schrijver99}. The fine structure of this structured plasma environment consists of a wide range of distinct magnetic features like coronal loops, open flux tubes, prominences, etc. These structures play ... |
1011.2195 | \section{Introduction and discussion}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
The recent revival of interest in metastable supersymmetry breaking in
quantum field theory is largely due to the work of Intriligator,
Seiberg and Shih~\cite{Intriligator:2006dd} (ISS). This work presents
a mechanism to naturally circumvent some of the p... |
1011.2414 | \section{Running of $Z_q$}
\subsection{Perturbative running}
In Landau gauge $Z_q$ has a vanishing anomalous dimension to leading order,
i.e. its running starts at $O(\alpha^2)$.
The perturbative running has been computed up to four
loops~\cite{Chetyrkin:1999pq} and references therein. The needed formulae
are acces... |
1011.2523 | \section{INTRODUCTION}
\label{sect:intro}
The realization of the supersolid form of matter, where the
superfluid and the crystalline order co-exist~\cite{andreev,legget},
in the ultra-cold bosonic atoms in optical lattices is at the
forefront of research. After the claim of observing the supersolid
phase in solid $^4H... |
1011.2064 | \section{Why Care About the S-type AGB stars?}
Earlier theoretical results suggest that the S-type AGB stars have a C/O-ratio$\approx$1 \citep{scalross76}. This has been interpreted as the S-stars being representative of a brief transitional phase as M-type stars, through the dredge-up of internally synthesized carbon,... |
1011.2809 | \section{Introduction}
In wireless communications, reflection and diffraction of the
transmitted radio signal results in the superimposition of multiple
complex-scaled and delayed copies of the signal at the receiver. This
type of channel is commonly referred to as a \emph{multipath
channel}. In some instances, the... |
2210.16729 | \section{Introduction}
A Lie suparalgebra $\mathfrak{osp}_{1|2n}$ is a finite-dimensional simple Lie superalgebra whose Dynkin diagram is the same as type $B_n$ except for a unique simple short root, which is replaced by a non-isotropic odd simple root in $\mathfrak{osp}_{1|2n}$. The Lie suparalgebra $\mathfrak{osp}_{... |
2212.08375 | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Optimal transport problems}
Consider $N\ge 2$ Polish probability spaces $(X^1,\mu^1),\ldots,\\ (X^N,\mu^N)$ and $X=\prod_{i=1}^NX^i$. Let $c:X\to [0,\infty]$ and consider the \emph{Multi-marginal optimal transport} (MOT) problems
\[
\min_{\gamma \in \Pi(\mu^1,\ldots,\mu^N)}C[\ga... |
2208.10094 | \section{ANDREEV SPIN QUBIT}
We implement the ASQ in a quantum dot Josephson junction formed in a hybrid InAs/Al semiconducting-superconducting nanowire, see Fig.~\ref{fig:intro}(a). The quantum dot is electrostatically defined by three gate electrodes under an uncovered InAs section of the nanowire and tunnel-coupled... |
1205.2423 | \section{Introduction}
\label{Sec:Intro}
X-ray observations using space telescopes have revealed that the Universe is full of high-temperature phenomena reaching 10 to 100 million degrees, which nobody had imagined before the advent of X-ray Astronomy. The X-ray band is capable of probing extreme conditions of the Uni... |
1205.2524 | \section{Results}
\label{Res}
\subsection{2D $\rightarrow$ 1D transitions}
\label{sec:2D1D}
We first investigate the simplest few-particle two-dimensional
systems, undergoing $\rm 2D\rightarrow1D$ structural transitions. In
the case of $\alpha=1$, the confinement potential is symmetric and
particles form ordered s... |
1902.02388 | \section{Introduction}
In this paper, we study the following composite optimization problem
\begin{equation}
\min_{x\in\mathbb{R}^d}\left\{ F(x) \overset{\text{def}}{=}f(x)+h(x)\right\}, \label{eq: prob}
\end{equation}
where $f(x)$ is twice differentiable and convex, and $h(x)$ is simple, nonsmooth and convex. To sol... |
1209.5835 | \section{Introduction:}
Let $X$ be a non empty set and $I=[0$, $1]$ be the closed unit interval in
the set
\mathbb{R}
$ of real numbers. Let $A_{f}(s)=\{A_{f}^{n}\}_{n}$ and $B_{f}(s)
\{B_{f}^{n}\}_{n}$ be sequences of fuzzy sets in $X$ called fuzzy sequential
sets in $X$ and we define\newline
$i)$ $A_{f}(s)\ \... |
1901.05186 | \section{Introduction}
Causal analysis based on linear structural equation model and path analysis is widely used in sociology, economics, biology, etc.
Pearl extended the concept of total effects in the path analysis to a general structural equation model and defined it as the intervention effect \cite{pearl1995causa... |
1901.04931 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Introduction}
Research on two-dimensional (2D) materials has grown enormously over the last few years \cite{Bhimanapati2015}, since the first isolation of monolayer graphene in 2004 by Novoselov \emph{et al.} \cite{Novoselov2004}. Despite graphene flexibility, strength, and high cond... |
gr-qc/0609103 | \section{Motivation}
The General Relativity (GR) is the viable theory of gravity,
very robust in the underlying principles. It is known to consistently
describe the massless tensor graviton as a part of the metric
field. This is insured by the general covariance (GC) which
serves as the gauge symmetry to eliminate t... |
astro-ph/0609415 | \section{Introduction}
Over the past decade enormous progress has been made toward mapping
the cosmological history of star formation in the universe ({\it
e.g.,} Madau et al. 1996; Giavalisco et al. 2004). This has mainly
been accomplished using large samples of high-redshift galaxies
selected by their rest-frame ult... |
astro-ph/0609310 | \section{Introduction}
Sgr B is a molecular complex consisting of Sgr B1 and B2. In particular, Sgr B2 is the most massive giant molecular cloud with ultra compact H\emissiontype{II} regions (UCH\emissiontype{II}) \citep{Gaume1995} and many maser sources near the cloud center \citep{Mehringer1997}. These are the hints ... |
cond-mat/0609455 | \section{Introduction}
It is very useful to classify quantum magnets
according to the symmetry (if any) that is
broken in the ground state. When the SU(2) symmetry
is broken, the system usually sustains some kind of long-range
magnetic order, although some more exotic examples
involving quadrupolar order have been rece... |
astro-ph/0609558 | \section{INTRODUCTION}
\label{sec:intro}
The interstellar medium (ISM) plays a vital role in the ongoing cycle of
stellar birth and death and galactic evolution. However, the role of
interstellar matter, from how its properties are influenced by stars
to how in turn its properties influence star formation, is poorly
... |
1804.01244 | \section{\label{sec:level1}Introduction}
The heavy-fermion unconventinal superconductor URu$_2$Si$_2$ undergoes an enigmatic phase transition at $T_{\rm O}$ = 17.5 K to the so called `hidden order (HO)' phase~\cite{Palstra1985,Maple1986,Schlabitz1986}, whose order parameter still remains unsolved~\cite{Mydosh2011}. Th... |
2210.01355 | \section{Introduction}
Energy storage capabilities and efficiency by electrochemical batteries have rapidly improved in recent times, pushed by the need to robustly deal with the ever increasing energy demands of daily life. As we advance technologically in the search for faster charging batteries, recently the idea of... |
1110.1331 | \section{Introduction}
Chromium nitride is a material which combines practical and industrial relevance as a component in protective coatings \cite{Vetter1995, Reiter2005} with fascinating fundamental physical phenomena. The latter include a phase transition with a magnetically driven lattice distortion\cite{Fillipetti... |
1801.05791 | \section{Introduction \& Main Results} Kac \cite{FKT} introduced a Markov model for the behaviour of a dilute gas, corresponding to the spatially homogeneous Boltzmann equation. We consider an ensemble of $N$ indistinguishable particles, with velocities $v_1(t), ..., v_N(t) \in \mathbb{R}^d$ at time $t\ge 0$, which a... |
1801.05565 | \section{Introduction}
In mathematical statistics, it is common to assume that data satisfy an underlying model along with a set of assumptions on this model -- for example, that the sequence of vector-valued observations is i.i.d. and has multivariate normal distribution.
Since real-world data typically do not fit t... |
2108.11443 | \section{Introduction}
Given a graph $G$, the \emph{crossing number} problem asks for the minimum
number of edge crossings in any drawing of $G$, denoted by $\mathit{cr}(G)$.
This problem is NP-complete~\cite{garey1983crossing}, even when $G$ is restricted to
cubic graphs~\cite{DBLP:journals/jct/Hlineny06a} or graphs t... |
2108.11540 | \section{Introduction}
The next generation wireless systems are expected to provide not only ultra high-speed communication rate, but also high-accuracy sensing services \cite{liu2020joint}. Conventionally, communication and sensing systems are allocated to different orthogonal frequency bands and designed independentl... |
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