arxiv_id stringlengths 0 16 | text stringlengths 10 1.65M |
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2007.00643 | \section{Introduction}
\vspace{-7pt}
Autonomous navigation is a core requirement in building intelligent embodied agents. Consider an autonomous agent being asked to navigate to a `dining table' in an unseen environment as shown in Figure~\ref{fig:teaser}. In terms of semantic understanding, this task not only involves... |
2112.02545 | \section{Introduction}
\input{010_introduction}
\section{Two new conservations}
\label{sec:conserved}
\input{020_conserved}
\section{Conserved sums of cotangents}
\label{sec:cotangents}
\input{025_cotangents}
\section{Harmonics and homothetics}
\label{sec:homothetics}
\input{040_homothetics}
\section{Isocurves of ... |
1905.01869 | \section{Introduction}
Let \(E\) be a vector bundle over the manifold \(M\) with fiber \(F\) endowed with a connection \(\nabla\), that is in a local trivialization \(U \times F \subset F\),
\(\nabla = d + \omega\), where for each point \(p \in U\), \(\omega_p : U \to \operatorname{F} (T_pM \to \mathfrak{gl} (F))\) is... |
hep-th/9704113 | \section{Introduction}
{}A phenomenologically interesting string model must contain the
standard model of strong and electroweak interactions in its low energy
effective field theory limit. Many of such realizations are constructed
as orbifolds, both symmetric \cite{DHVW} and asymmetric \cite{NSV}, of
the $4$-dimens... |
astro-ph/9704005 | \section{Introduction}
The nova-like brightening of Sakurai's object in Sagittarius has been
attributed to
the final helium-shell flash of a central star of a planetary
nebula, that returns the star towards the domain of red giants in the
Hertzsprung-Russell diagram
(Duerbeck \& Benetti 1996).
Few stars have been... |
2204.03556 | \section{Introduction}
\label{introduction}
\input{1_introduction}
\section{Background}
\label{sec:background}
\input{2_background}
\input{3_method}
\section{Results}
\label{sec:results}
\input{4_results}
\section{Discussion}
\label{sec:discussion}
\input{5_discussion}
\section{Conclusions \& Future Work}
\label{s... |
1607.02960 | \section{Introduction}
Usually, the wavefunction, employed in the non-relativistic quantum mechanics, and the Hamilton principal function, appearing in the Hamilton--Jacobi equation of classical mechanics, behave as scalar fields. For instance, if one starts with the Schr\"odinger equation written in Cartesian coordin... |
physics/0512220 | \section{Introduction}
The existence of the magnetic monopole was one of the open questions of modern physics. In 1931, P. Dirac made the first convincing proposal that the existence of even a single magnetic monopole may explain the quantization of electric charge. According to the quantization condition of a system... |
nlin/0512046 | \section{Introduction}
There has been much recent interest in the close relation between integrable
partial dif\/ferential equations and the dif\/ferential geometry of
plane and space curves
(see \cite{ChouQu1,ChouQu2,ChouQu3,ChouQu4,SandersWang1}
for an overview and many results).
The present paper studies f\/lows of... |
physics/0512232 | \section{Introduction}
\PARstart{P}{hysics} analyses at modern collider experiments enter a
new dimension of event complexity. At the LHC, for instance, physics
events will consist of the final state products of the
$\mathrm{O}(20)$ collisions taking place during each readout cycle.
In addition, a number of physics que... |
2004.10918 | \section{Introduction}
Featuring high flexibility, swift deployment, and wide coverage,
unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been extensively applied to activities such as
search and rescue in disaster areas, inspection of landscapes, and surveillance of forrest fires.
Recently, UAVs have found many use cases in wirel... |
1411.4608 | \section{Introduction}
Data assimilation is the process of blending estimates of a given
system state, in the form of observational information and a prior knowledge
\cite{LeDimet-1986-VAA}. The Kalman filter/smoother (KF/KS)
\cite{Burgers-1998-ASE, Evensen-2009-DAE,Kalnay-2010-EKF} and the three and
four-dimen... |
2111.15443 | \section{Introduction}
Galaxy clusters are located at the peaks of the (dark) matter density field and, as they evolve, they accrete galaxies, galaxy groups, and other clusters from the cosmic web. Some of those merging events are among the most energetic and violent events in the Universe, releasing energies up ... |
2111.15485 | \section{Introduction}
For a field $\mathbf{F}$ and a positive integer $h$, we define linear forms
\begin{eqnarray}\label{eq11}
\varphi(x_1,\ldots,x_h)=c_1 x_1+\cdots+c_h x_h,
\end{eqnarray}
where $c_i\in \mathbf{F}$ for all $i\in\{1,\ldots,h\}$. Let $V$ be a vector space over the field $\mathbf{F}$. For every nonempty... |
1105.3089 | \section{Introduction}
\begin{figure*
\begin{center}
\centering{\mbox{\psfig{file=fig1.ps,width=8cm}}}
\centering{\mbox{\psfig{file=fig2.ps,width=8cm}}}
\centering{\mbox{\psfig{file=fig3.ps,width=8cm}}}
\centering{\mbox{\psfig{file=fig4.ps,width=8cm}}}
\caption{NVSS image cut-outs for four sources in our sample with ... |
1105.3175 | \section{Introduction}
Merging binaries consisting of black holes (BHs) and
neutron stars (NSs) are prime targets for observation by
ground-based gravitational wave (GW) detectors \citep[such as LIGO,][]{LIGO}
and may be the progenitors of some short-hard gamma-ray
bursts \citep[sGRBs,][]{npp92}.
The great diversity... |
1903.06311 | \section{Introduction}
Bell's theorem \cite{Bell64, Bell66} highlights a precise sense in which quantum theory requires a departure from a classical worldview. Furthermore, violations of Bell inequalities provide a means for certifying the nonclassicality of {\em nature}, independently of the correctness of quantum t... |
2204.09059 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec: introduction}
Short duration gamma-ray bursts (sGRB) are bright, brief flashes of gamma rays \citep[$<$\,$2$ s;][]{Chryssa93} produced by the coalescence of two compact objects \citep[][]{Eichler1989,Narayan1992}, either a binary neutron star system (BNS; \citealt{Ruffert1999, Ros... |
2003.07803 | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{The TanDEM-X Mission}
\IEEEPARstart{T}{anDEM-X} satellite is a German civil and commercial high-resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite which has almost identical configuration as its 'sister' TerraSAR-X satellite. Together with TerraSAR-X, they are aiming to provide a gl... |
2003.07769 | \section{Introduction}
Nearly one year ago, Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration released the first image of the supermassive black hole located at the center of M87 galaxy \cite{Akiyama1,Akiyama2,Akiyama3,Akiyama4,Akiyama5,Akiyama6}. This fruitful outcome shows a fine structure near a black hole horizon and op... |
2108.08477 | \section{Introduction}
For decades, LEGO\textregistered\, bricks have been a staple of entertainment for children and adults alike, offering the ability to construct anything one can imagine from simple building blocks. For all but the most exceptional LEGO\textregistered\, engineers, however, dreams quickly outgrow sk... |
1806.03224 | \section{Introduction and Motivational Use Case}
As part of the Fermilab HEPCloud project \cite{Holzman2017-short}, we have been constructing an intelligent decision support system (IDSS). HEPCloud is rapidly becoming the primary system for provisioning compute resources for all Fermilab-affiliated experiments. This ... |
2012.00870 | \section{Introduction}
Let $p$ be a prime and $q=p^n$. A map $f:\F_q \to \F_q$ is called differentially $d$-uniform (abbreviated $d$-uniform),
if
\[
d=\max_{a\neq 0,b\in\F_q} |\{x\in\F_q: f(x+a)-f(x)=b\}|.
\]
A 1-uniform map $f:\F_q \to \F_q$ is called planar, that is $f$ is planar if $f(x+a)-f(x)$ is a per... |
1301.5836 | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
The question of when the random graph~$G(n,p)$ becomes hamiltonian is well
understood. P\'osa~\cite{Posa} and Korshunov~\cite{Kor76, Kor77}
proved that the hamiltonicity threshold is
$\log n/n$,
Koml\'os and Szemer\'edi~\cite{KomSzem} determined an exact
formula for the probab... |
2009.07346 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
In strategic recommendation (SR) systems, the goal is to learn a strategy that sequentially selects recommendations with the highest long-term acceptance by each visiting user of a retail website, a business, or a user interactive system in general. These systems are in t... |
1712.10303 | \section{Introduction}
Graphene is a two-dimensional allotrope of carbon, arranged as a honeycomb lattice with a $C_{3v}\otimes Z_2$ symmetry \cite{Wallace_47}
that determines its remarkable physical properties \cite{Munoz_16,Peres_10,Goerbig_11,Novoselov_05}. In particular, the electronic spectrum arising from an atom... |
1911.02820 | \section{Introduction}
In this paper we are concerned with the Gross-Pitaevskii equation
\begin{equation}\label{eq:GP}
i \partial_t \Psi=\Delta \Psi+\Psi\left(1-|\Psi|^2\right) \text{on } {\mathbb R}^d \times {\mathbb R}
\end{equation}
when $d=2$ or $d=3$. Observe that this is no more than a Nonlinear Schr\"{o}dinge... |
1911.02867 | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
This article gives a short review of the main methods used to analyse
linear polarization maps. Given the more and more prolific literature
on the subject, not all the articles using each technique are cited but
the generic articles introducing the conceptual ideas behind eac... |
2002.09637 | \section{Introduction}
Bayesian inference of phylogeny has great impact on evolutionary biology. It is believed that all the species are related through a history of a common descent \cite{Huelsenbeck2001}, that is to say, the reason we have various wildlife, including human beings, is because of evolution. We can show... |
1510.03595 | \section{Introduction}
Supersymmetric extension of the standard model (SM) is one of
candidates for TeV-scale physics,
because supersymmetry (SUSY) can stabilize a large hierarchy.
The minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) is quite interesting
because of its minimality,
and various phenomenological a... |
1510.03464 | \section{Introduction}
A \emph{quandle} is an algebraic structure with a set $X$ and a binary operation $*:X \times X \rightarrow X$ satisfying the following axioms:
\begin{enumerate}
\item (idempotency) $a*a=a$ for any $a \in X,$
\item (invertibility) for each $b \in X$, $*_{b}:X \rightarrow X$ given by $*_{... |
2011.11918 | \section{Introduction}
\noindent Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithms (abbreviated as QAOA) is a class of gate-model algorithms that can be implemented on near-term quantum computers (\cite{farhi2014quantum}). Initially, QAOA was designed to be applied in the context of unconstrained optimization problems (\cite... |
2011.11882 | \section{Introduction}
Over the last decade, ever-increasing research trends concentrate on the studies of multi-agent systems (MASs). A fundamental problem of MASs is designing a networking protocol of consensus, which means that agents converge to a common point or state value. Consensus has been extensively investi... |
2201.02242 | \section{Introduction}
In ophthalmological imaging, different imaging systems, such as color fundus (CF), infrared (IR), fluorescein angiography (FA), or the more recent optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA), are used. For the diagnosis, often multiple images that might come from different syste... |
1509.08748 | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
Let $E$ denote an elliptic curve defined over a number field~$K$.
The canonical height is a quadratic form $\hat{h} \colon E(K)\otimes \R \to \R$, first
constructed by N\'eron~\cite{Neron} and Tate (unpublished).
For several applications, such as computing generators for~$E(K)$ and ... |
1509.09029 | \section{Introduction}
Partons produced at large transverse momenta (\pt) through hard-scattering processes in heavy-ion
collisions are expected to lose energy as they travel through the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) created in these interactions~\cite{Bjorken:1982tu}.
Experiments at RHIC and the LHC have observed a suppre... |
2010.07901 | \section{Introduction}
In \cite{Rau-TropicalPoincareHopf}, the author proves a tropical version
of the Poincaré-Hopf theorem and conjectures a tropical version
of a tropical Lefschetz-Hopf trace formula.
The main result of this paper is the proof of the tropical trace formula
in the case of \emph{matroidal} auto... |
1509.04490 | \section{Introduction} The bright X-ray transient source \object{V~0332$+$53}\xspace was discovered by
the Vela~5B satellite during an outburst in 1973 \citep{Terrel84}. Observations
with EXOSAT ten years later allowed the position of the source to be determined
the X-ray pulsations with period of $\sim4.4$\,s \citep{S... |
2103.15267 | \section{Introduction}
In an environment such as a supernova where a large number of neutrinos are present, neutrino oscillations exhibit nonlinear behaviors due to the self-interaction of neutrinos~\cite{Sawyer2005,Duan2006,Hannestad2006,Raffelt2007,Raffelt2007a,Dasgupta2008,Dasgupta2009,Duan2010,Patwardhan2019,Rrapaj... |
2103.15097 | \section{Introduction}
Let~$A\in\R^{n\times n}$. Fix~$k\in\{1,\dots,n\}$.
The $k$-multiplicative and $k$-additive compounds of~$A$ play an important role in several fields of applied mathematics. Recently, there is a growing interest in the applications of these compounds, and their generalizations, in systems and co... |
1505.04666 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
From their first applications in photon detection\cite{Day:2003fk},
Kinetic Inductance Detectors (KIDs) became rapidly subject of several R$\&$D activities in different physics sectors such as astrophysics\cite{Monfardini2011,Mazin:2013wvi} and search of dark matter inte... |
1605.02305 | \section{Introduction}
Depth estimation is one of the most fundamental tasks in computer vision. Many other computer vision tasks such as object detection, semantic segmentation, scene understanding, can benefit considerably from accurate estimation of depth information. Most existing methods \cite{Eigen15,LiB15,Wang_... |
1905.06113 | \section{Conclusions}
\label{sec:conclusions}
In this work we present a thorough analysis of the human motion trajectory prediction problem. We survey the literature across multiple domains and propose a taxonomy of motion prediction techniques. Our taxonomy builds on the two fundamental aspects of the motion predicti... |
1905.06025 | \section{INTRODUCTION}
\label{sec:intro}
Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) research has advanced in recent years due to new observations and theoretical models.
At present there is no consensus on the scenarios that bring white dwarfs (WDs) to experience thermonuclear explosions as SNe Ia (for recent reviews see \citealt{Ma... |
1905.06097 | \section{Introduction}
Consider an unknown signal $\mathbf{x}_* \in \mathbb{R}^p$ observed via
$n$ noisy linear measurements
\[\mathbf{y}=\mathbf{A}\mathbf{x}_*+\mathbf{e} \in \mathbb{R}^n.\]
We study the problem of estimating $\mathbf{x}_*$, under the assumption that
its coordinates correspond to the $p$ vertices of ... |
1402.1418 | \section{\sc #1}}
\def\scss#1{\subsection{\sc #1}}
\def\scsss#1{\subsubsection{\sc #1}}
\def\alpha{\alpha}
\def\beta{\beta}
\def\gamma{\gamma}
\def\Gamma{\Gamma}
\def\delta{\delta}
\def\Delta{\Delta}
\def\epsilon{\epsilon}
\def\varepsilon{\varepsilon}
\def\zeta{\zeta}
\def\eta{\eta}
\def\theta{\theta}
\def\Theta{\Th... |
1402.1201 | \section{Approach}\label{approach}
Simulated annealing is an approach inspired by statistical mechanics which by analogy views the values of a multivariable numeric problem as physical states of particles. Simulated annealing is very useful practically for problems such as the traveling salesperson problem and other s... |
1212.0994 | \section{Introduction}
Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs; \cite{max00}) continue to be enigmatic objects since their discovery in the 1980's;
see \citet{fab04} and \citet{feng11} for reviews.
They are bright, variable, and off-nuclear point-like X-ray sources with luminosities of $>$10$^{39-41}$~erg~s$^{-1}$,
which ex... |
1908.09605 | \section{Introduction}
Neural Machine Translations (NMT) have set several state-of-the-art new benchmarks \cite{bojar-etal-2018-findings,barrault-etal-2019-findings}.
Recently, unsupervised NMT (UNMT) has attracted great interests in the machine translation community~\cite{DBLP:journals/corr/abs-1710-11041,lample2017u... |
1705.00375 | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
\input{sections/intro}
\section{Related work}\label{sec:related}
\input{sections/related}
\section{Preliminaries}
\input{sections/notation}\label{sec:notation}
\section{The {{\tt Targeted}} matrix-completion framework}\label{sec:targeted}
\input{sections/targeted}
\section{L... |
2202.09854 | \section{Introduction}
In the last two decades, networks, or graphs, have attracted an enormous amount of attention as an effective way of describing pairwise relations in complex systems (\cite{barabasi2002linked}). The ever increasing abundance, and variety of graph data has motivated a great deal of applications o... |
2006.12824 | \section{Introduction} \label{Sec_Intro}
\indent
The current paradigm in the description of the gravitational interaction has foundation in Einstein's general relativity (GR), that describes gravity as a classical field theory for the space-time dynamics. The other known fundamental interactions are very well descri... |
1204.6122 | \section{Introduction}\label{sec1}
The putative tori surrounding the accretion disks of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) play a fundamental role in the unification scheme of AGNs \citep{ant93}. These tori most likely provide the material reservoir that feeds the accretion disk (e.g., \citealt{kro88}). Infrared interferom... |
1601.00629 | \section{Introduction}
Recent work has demonstrated the potential usefulness of employing the
surface or fundamental $f$-mode in local helioseismology for detecting
subsurface solar magnetism \citep{HBBG08,DABCG11,FBCB12,FCB13}.
While turbulence generally tends to lower the $f$-mode frequency
\citep{FSTT92,MR93b,DKM98... |
1003.4671 | \section{Introduction}
\label{s-intro}
The Ultra--Luminous X--ray sources (ULXs) are a class of very bright
($L_X\simeq 10^{39}-10^{41}{{~\rm erg}\; \rm s^{-1}}$),
point--like X--ray sources detected off the nuclei in several
galaxies \citep{Fab06}. Although they were discovered more than 20 years ago
(by the {\sl... |
1003.4720 | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
The physics of electroweak symmetry breaking (EWSB) will soon be probed directly
at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). One logical possibility is that the sector responsible
for electroweak symmetry breaking will involve new, nonperturbative dynamics. Historically, technicolor... |
1003.4823 | \section{Introduction}
The possibility that the propagation of light through our universe might suffer from chiral effects,
which could rotate the plane of polarization, arises in a variety of important contexts, such as the presence of
a cosmological pseudo-scalar condensate, Lorentz invariance violation and charge ... |
2112.02305 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)~\cite{IRSintro1,IRSintro2,IRSintro3} can enhance the network throughput and has received great attention recently. Specifically, IRS, a planar meta-surface, is composed of a large number of tunable reflecting elements, each of which is able... |
2001.08499 | \section{Conclusion}
\label{sec:conclusion}
We presented the first large automotive dataset for detection with event cameras.
Thanks to this dataset, we open the way to the training of deep learning
models for detection on event-based cameras.
We also expect benefits in other applications, such as object tracking, ... |
2209.09666 | \section{Introduction}
Given the social and ethical impact that some affective computing systems may have~\cite{hupont2022landscape}, it becomes of the utmost importance to clearly identify and document their context of use, envisaged operational scenario or intended purpose.
Undertaking such use case documentation ... |
2204.06148 | \section{Introduction}
In this paper, we study the wave turbulence theory for the following KdV type equation
\begin{equation}
\partial_t\psi(t,x)+\Delta\partial_{x_1}\psi(t,x)-\nu \Delta \psi(t,x)=\lambda \partial_{x_1}(\psi^2(t,x)).
\end{equation}
as an example of three wave system.
Before we talk about our ma... |
1812.04057 | \section{Introduction}
\label{INTRODUCTION}
In \cite{Man84} and \cite{Man87}, Manin suggested that physical theories carry arithmetic structures
and that physics as we know it in the real world in fact exists in an adelic form, with $p$-adic
realizations alongside its real form. These $p$-adic manifestations of physi... |
1911.03325 | \section{Introduction}
It is well known that each factor of a divisible module over an integral domain is divisible. By \cite[Proposition IX.3.4]{FuSa01} an integral domain is {\bf Pr\"ufer} (each ideal is flat) if and only if each divisible module is FP-injective. So, over any Pr\"ufer domain each factor module of a... |
2108.00265 | \section{introduction}
The closed quantum system can display resistance to the thermalization under its own intrinsic dynamics when it is localized, e.g., induced by static disorder\cite{rmp}, a linear potential with a spatial gradient \cite{stark}, or the presence of a special subspace of the Hilbert space\cite{sc... |
2206.14949 | \section{Introduction}
The problem of particles attached to an interface between two immiscible fluids has been extensively studied for many decades and has a wide variety of engineering and medical applications, such as the formations of Pickering emulsions and particle monolayers.
There exists a number of excellent ... |
2109.10816 | \section{Introduction}
It is well known that droplets released by infected
persons through coughing, sneezing,
speaking or breathing contain microorganism (bacteria, virus, fungi, etc) causing
a large number of diseases~\cite{cflugge,Wells}.
Several decades ago it was thought-out that the diseases which are spread
b... |
1411.2885 | \section{Wprowadzenie}
Kody liniowe stosowane są powszechnie w przesyłaniu danych w zaszumionym medium transmisyjnym.
Przez wymiar kodu rozumie się przepustowość łącza dla transitowanej informacji,
z kolei kowymiar kodu, mierzy tak zwaną nadmiarowość czyli ilo informacji niezbędnej do wykrywania i ewentualnej korek... |
1411.2943 | \section*{Supplementary material}
Table~\ref{tab:bcyield} shows the ratio $R(\ensuremath{p_{\rm T}},y)$ in each $(\mbox{$p_{\rm T}$}\xspace,y)$ bin.
\begin{table}[!hbp]
\tabcolsep 4mm
\begin{center}
\caption{\small \label{tab:bcyield}$R(\ensuremath{p_{\rm T}},y)$ in units of
$10^{-2}$ as a function of \ensuremath{p... |
1411.2609 | \section{Composed black-hole-scalar-field configurations.}
While early no hair theorems have shown that asymptotically flat
black holes cannot support regular static scalar configurations in
their exterior regions \cite{Chas}, they have not ruled out the
existence of non-static composed black-hole-scalar-field
configu... |
2109.09982 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Nowadays the effective field theories (EFT) are a powerful tool for
the analysis of the Nature \cite{Weinberg2021, Weinberg2016,
Weinberg2009}. The general EFT by Kosteleck\'y
\cite{Kostelecky2004}, based on the General Gravity (GR) coupled to
the Standard Model (SM), ... |
1806.06363 | \section{Introduction}
Creating solid state quantum emitters and their integration in micro- and nanophotonic structures is one of the prime tasks in modern quantum engineering. Coupled solid state quantum emitter-cavity systems range among the most promising candidates for the realization of highly efficient single p... |
1806.06396 | \section{Introduction} \vspace{-0.1cm}
Due to the advantages of high mobility and flexibility, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have found interesting applications in wireless communications \cite{zeng2016wireless,qingqing18UAVmagazine,Mozaffari2015,Yang2018,Bor2016}. Line-of-sight (LoS) channels usually exist between U... |
2005.12566 | \section{Introduction}
Fashion recommendation plays an activate role in daily life, with the rapid growth of online shopping platforms (\emph{e.g., } Amazon and Taobao) and fashion related social networks (\emph{e.g., } Instagram).
It can improve user experience and bring great profit to the shopping platforms.
Person... |
1902.04916 | \section{Introduction}
Recently, DAMPE collaboration reported new measurements of the cosmic
electron flux,
which exhibit two exotic features in the energy spectrum,
including a so-called break structure around 0.9 TeV
and a sharp resonance near 1.4 TeV \cite{Ambrosi:2017wek}.
The morphology of the excess ele... |
1902.05207 | \section{Introduction}
London was the first to explain attractive interactions between neutral atoms or molecules by applying quantum mechanics~\cite{London}. Nowadays, the attractive forces are called the van der Waals--London forces, and are described by the potential energy decaying as~$R^{-6}$ for $R$ sufficient... |
1902.00378 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
\begin{figure*}
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{overview.pdf}
\caption{Method overview: Wikipedia articles contain textual description of a subject, these articles are also accompanied with illustrative images supporting the text. These images are often accompanied by... |
1605.03092 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Hydrodynamic instabilities are responsible for the frequent encounter of turbulence
in nature. Although instabilities are connected to the onset of turbulence and the
generation of small scales, in many situation, instabilities are also responsible for
the... |
0901.4136 | \section{Introduction}
\label{introduction}
$N=4$ supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory is believed to possess an
electric-magnetic duality symmetry. When the gauge group is maximally
broken, to an Abelian subgroup, this duality interchanges the massive
electrically charged particles corresponding to the elementary field... |
2302.05535 | \section{Introduction}
Let $A$ be an $n$ by $n$ matrix or a bounded linear operator on a complex
Hilbert space $(H, \langle \cdot , \cdot \rangle , \| \cdot \|)$.
A closed set $\Omega \subset \mathbb{C}$ is a $K$-spectral set for $A$
if the spectrum of $A$ is contained in $\Omega$ and if, for all rational
functions ... |
1908.06506 | \section{Introduction}
\label{Introduction}
Suppose that $n$ candidates are running for a single office. There are many different social choice procedures one
can use to select a winner. In this article, we study a particular class called \emph{positional voting systems}. A positional
voting system is an electoral m... |
cond-mat/9902168 | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Definition of the problem}
We consider in this paper a system that is described by
an Hamiltonian ${\cal H}(Q,P;x)$ where $(Q,P)$ are canonical
variables and $x$ is a parameter. It is assumed that
${\cal H}(Q,P;x)$ with $x=\const$ generates classically
chaotic motion. We are ma... |
0804.4168 | \section{Acknowledgements}
We thank the staff of the Collider-Accelerator and
Physics Departments at BNL for their vital contributions.
We acknowledge support from the Department of Energy and NSF (USA),
MEXT and JSPS (Japan), CNPq and FAPESP (Brazil), NSFC (China),
MSMT (Czech Republic), IN2P3/CNRS, and CEA (Franc... |
1203.2682 | \section{Deriving Stokes' Law}
To guide the students' derivation of Stokes' Law, we followed a classroom model called Modeling Discourse Management (MDM)~\cite{Desbien2002}, and incorporated the method Think-Pair-Share \cite{Lyman1981}. Students worked in groups of four, using a small whiteboard to record their work ... |
1203.2972 | \section{Introduction}
\label{s:intro}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
The contact process with parameter $\lambda > 0$ on a graph $G = (V, E)$ is a continuous-time Markov process $(\xi_t)_{t \geq 0}$ with state space $\{0,1\}^V$ and generator
\begin{equation} \label{eq1gen}
\Omega f(\xi) = \sum_{x \in V} \left(f(\phi_x\xi) ... |
1203.2700 | \section{Introduction}
The dynamics of many polymeric fluids are described by two-scale
micro-macro models. The systems usually consist of a macroscopic
momentum equation and a microscopic Fokker-Planck type equation.
The fluid is described by the macroscopic equation (sometimes the
incompressible Navier-Stokes equatio... |
2211.13989 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
\ps{Scaling challenges: Economics}
CMOS technology scaling enables us to build chips with an ever-increasing transistor density.
The main advantage of transitioning to a more advanced technology node is that it allows
us to pack more transistors and hence more performance int... |
1710.02938 | \section{Introduction}
We work throughout over the field of complex numbers. Our main result is the following explicit weak solution to the classical Schottky problem.
\begin{mthm*} \label{main}
For any $g\ge 4$, let $S_{34}$ denote the following degree $2^{3\cdot 2^{g-4}+1}$ polynomial in genus $g$ theta constants, ev... |
1707.05477 | \section*{Methods Section}
{\em Fabrication:} Mylar (BoPET) films were purchased from McMaster--Carr (Mylar, 8567K96), and had a thickness of $h=0.127$ mm.
To relieve any residual stress in the films, apparent from their natural curvature, we annealed the films in the oven at 85$^{o}$C under the weight of thick metal ... |
1910.04997 | \section{INTRODUCTION}
\label{sec:intro}
Recent advances in deep learning brought great improvements in solving many hard computer vision tasks. For many applications, databases with large amounts of data are available for training of deep neural networks (e.g. the KITTI Vision Benchmark Suite \cite{Geiger2012} for a... |
1612.01226 | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
For a finite field $\mathbb{F}$, it is a basic result of Galois theory that $\mathbb{F}(x)/\mathbb{F}$ is not a Galois extension.\footnote{While some authors consider only algebraic Galois extensions, here (in the transcendental case) we apply the more general definition used in \ci... |
1612.01432 | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Last year the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) started its second run of operation colliding protons at 13 TeV.
While convincing hints of new physics are still eluding the experiments, one of the main goals of Run II remains precision physics near the electro-weak scale. These ... |
0705.0786 | \section{Introduction}
Electronic properties of carbon systems are dramatically depend on their
geometry and size. In particular, intensive research has been made on carbon
nanotubes in the last decade. The large interest centers their peculiar
electronic properties inherent to quasi-one-dimensional systems.
A simila... |
0705.1299 | \section{\label{s:intro}Introduction}
Powerful experimental cooling techniques have been developed in the past decades that
allow us to probe the micro and nanokelvin regime while controlling
the internal and external degrees of freedom of atomic systems.
As a result dilute ultracold gases that qualify perfectly for ... |
1202.5028 | \section{Introduction}
A simple generic optical sensor may be envisaged as porous material
(labelled $a$, say), which is infiltrated by a fluid (labelled $b$,
say). An agent to be sensed is contained within the fluid. It
assumed that the fluid and the agent to be sensed have quite
different optical properties. Thus,... |
1202.6531 | \section{Introduction} Kazhdan's property (T) expresses a certain rigidity for unitary Hilbert space representations of a topological group $G$. Even though it was invented by Kazhdan for discrete or more generally locally compact groups Kazhdan's property (T) has turned up in so many different aspects of mathematics ... |
0804.3914 | \section{The Architecture of Abella}
\label{sec:arch}
Abella is an interactive theorem prover for the logic ${\cal G}$\xspace. The
structure of Abella is influenced considerably by a two-level logic
approach to specifying and reasoning about computations. There is a
logic---the intuitionistic theory of second-order he... |
0804.3309 | \section{Introduction}
The Galactic center diffuse X-rays (GCDX) exhibit many
K-shell lines from highly ionized atoms, such as the
K$\alpha$, K$\beta$ and K$\gamma$ lines of He-like
(Fe\emissiontype{XXV}) and H-like (Fe\emissiontype{XXVI})
iron, and the K$\alpha$ line from He-like nickel
(Ni\emissiontype{XXVII}) (e.g.... |
0804.3548 | \section{Introduction} \label{intro}
In \cite{M1,M2}, Milnor defined invariants of links, known as the Milnor $\overline \mu$ invariants. In fact, these invariants are not universally defined, \emph{i.e.,} if the lower order invariants do not vanish, they are either not defined, or at best, they have indeterminacies. ... |
0804.2259 | \section{Introduction}
A small fraction of Sun-like stars have giant planets with orbital
periods smaller than about 10 days (Marcy et al.~2005, Udry \& Santos
2007). The existence of these planets was a surprise, because it was
expected that giant planets would only be found beyond the ``snow
line,'' with orbital dis... |
2110.04176 | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
\IEEEPARstart{R}{ecent} state-of-the-art convolutional models achieved astonishing results in various fields of application by large-scaling the overall parameters amount \cite{karras2020analyzing, dascoli2021convit, dosovitskiy2021image, Real2019ImgClass}. Simultaneously, hype... |
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