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= = Reception = =
There were several reported attendance figures for Bound for Glory IV , with the initial attendance figure being 5 @,@ 000 people before being retracted and updated to a total of 5 @,@ 500 people by The Wrestling Observer Newsletter . This was lower than the maximum seating capacity available at the Sears Centre of be...
Chris and Bryan Sokol of the Canadian Online Explorer reviewed and rated the show on a scale out of 10 , giving it a 7 . This was the same rating given to the 2009 edition by Nick Tylwalk , but lower than the 7 @.@ 5 out of 10 given to the 2007 edition by Chris Sokol . Compared to TNA 's previous PPV event No Surrende...
Chris and Bryan Sokol rated the matches on a scale out of 10 , with the main event receiving a 7 . The Jeff Jarrett versus Kurt Angle bout and the Four Way Tag Team Monster 's Ball match were both given an 8 out of 10 . The Three Way War between A.J. Styles , Booker T , and Christian Cage was given a 7 , while the X D...
Wade Keller of the Pro Wrestling Torch Newsletter reviewed the show . Keller rated the matches on a scale out of 5 stars , with the main event given a 3 1 / 4 stars and called a " fine match that fit its slot on the PPV well " but had a finish that he described as " horrible " . He gave Jarrett versus Angle 3 1 / 2 st...
James Caldwell , also of the Pro Wrestling Torch Newsletter , posted a review of the show rating the matches on the same scale as Keller . The main event was given 3 1 / 2 stars with Caldwell commenting that it was a " really good main event match " but that the finishing sequence " killed the momentum " . The Jarrett...
Daniel Wilkenfeld , also of the Pro Wrestling Torch Newsletter , posted a review of the telecast . Wilkenfeld gave some overall comments on the show , saying the " first half of the card dragged " but the " latter half picked up the pace a lot " . Wilkenfeld compared the event against " normal TNA PPV standards " with...
= = Aftermath = =
= = = On @-@ screen = = =
Following Bound for Glory IV , TNA continued the rivalry between the veteran wrestlers and the younger wrestlers . At Turning Point on November 9 , TNA held several matches connected to this overall narrative . Since Samoa Joe and Sting agreed on the stipulation that there would be no rematch between the two , Sting w...
Heading into Turning Point , Styles and Sting argued over Sting assaulting Styles at Hard Justice . On the October 30 episode of Impact ! , newly made co @-@ owner of TNA Mick Foley advertised Sting defending the TNA World Heavyweight Championship against Styles at Turning Point . Sting retained the title at the event...
The storyline behind Nash 's betrayal began in December 2007 . At the 2007 Turning Point event , Joe was scheduled to take part in a Six Man Tag Team match , partnering with Nash and Nash 's longtime real @-@ life friend Scott Hall to face The Angle Alliance ( Angle , Styles , and Tomko ) . Hall missed the event citin...
Another encounter connected to the narrative that was advertised for Turning Point was Kurt Angle versus Abyss in a Falls Count Anywhere match . After Angle lost to Jeff Jarrett at Bound for Glory IV , Angle challenged Jarrett to a rematch , which was refused on the October 16 episode of Impact ! . To get Jarrett to a...
On the October 23 episode of Impact ! , Booker T introduced a new championship named the TNA Legends Championship and declared himself the inaugural champion . Afterwards , Christian Cage challenged Booker T to defend the championship against him at Turning Point . Booker T accepted after he added the stipulation that...
= = = Off @-@ screen = = =
A few wrestlers were injured at Bound for Glory IV . The Wrestling Observer Newsletter reported that Abyss suffered burns to his arms after going through a flaming table at the event . Jimmy Rave received a neck injury from being dropped on his head badly by Johnny Devine during the Steel Asylum .
The Wrestling Observer Newsletter reported that almost all of the participants involved in the Four Way Tag Team Monster 's Ball match at the show were furious over how Steve McMichael performed as the Special Guest Referee . Some of the reported issues were slow counting and being out of position , which several felt...
= = Results = =
= = Gallery = =
Several images captured at the Bound for Glory IV PPV event on October 12 , 2008 .
= Choral symphony =
A choral symphony is a musical composition for orchestra , choir , and sometimes solo vocalists that , in its internal workings and overall musical architecture , adheres broadly to symphonic musical form . The term " choral symphony " in this context was coined by Hector Berlioz when he described his Roméo et Juliett...
A few 19th @-@ century composers , notably Felix Mendelssohn and Franz Liszt , followed Beethoven in producing choral symphonic works . Notable works in the genre were produced in the 20th century by Gustav Mahler , Sergei Rachmaninoff , Igor Stravinsky , Ralph Vaughan Williams , Benjamin Britten and Dmitri Shostakovi...
The term " choral symphony " indicates the composer 's intention that the work be symphonic , even with its fusion of narrative or dramatic elements that stems from the inclusion of words . To this end , the words are often treated symphonically to pursue non @-@ narrative ends , by use of frequent repetition of impor...
= = History = =
The symphony had established itself by the end of the 18th century as the most prestigious of instrumental genres . While the genre had been developed with considerable intensity throughout that century and appeared in a wide range of occasions , it was generally used as an opening or closing work ; in between would b...
In 1824 , Beethoven redefined the symphony genre in his Ninth by introducing text and voice into a previously instrumental genre . His doing so sparked a debate on the future of the symphony itself . Beethoven 's use of words , according to Richard Wagner , had shown " the limits of purely instrumental music " and mar...
Some composers both emulated and expanded upon Beethoven 's model . Berlioz showed in his choral symphony Roméo et Juliette a fresh approach to the epic nature of the symphony as he used voices to blend music and narrative but saved crucial moments of that narrative for the orchestra alone . In doing so , Bonds writes...
After Liszt , Mahler took on the legacy of Beethoven in his early symphonies , in what Bonds terms " their striving for a utopian finale " . Towards this end Mahler used a chorus and soloists in the finale of his Second Symphony , the " Resurrection " . In his Third , he wrote a purely instrumental finale following tw...
Throughout the history of the choral symphony , works have been composed for special occasions . One of the earliest was Mendelssohn 's Lobgesang , commissioned by the city of Leipzig in 1840 to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Johannes Gutenberg 's invention of movable type . More than a century later , Henryk Góre...
In the final years of the 20th century and the early years of the 21st , more such choral symphonies were written . Krzysztof Penderecki 's Seventh Symphony was for the third millennium of the city of Jerusalem . Tan Dun 's Symphony 1997 : Heaven Earth Mankind commemorated the transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong th...
= = General features = =
Like an oratorio or an opera , a choral symphony is a musical work for orchestra , choir and ( often ) solo voices , although a few have been written for unaccompanied voices . Berlioz , who in 1858 first coined the term when describing his work Roméo et Juliette , explained the distinctive relationship he envisaged b...
Even though voices are often used , it is neither a concert opera nor a cantata , but a choral symphony . If there is singing , almost from the beginning , it is to prepare the listener 's mind for the dramatic scenes whose feelings and passions are to be expressed by the orchestra . It is also to introduce the choral...
Unlike oratorios or operas , which are generally structured dramaturgically into arias , recitatives and choruses , a choral symphony is structured like a symphony , in movements . It may employ the traditional four @-@ movement scheme of a fast opening movement , slow movement , scherzo and finale , or as with many i...
Sometimes the text can give a basic outline that correlates to the four @-@ movement scheme of a symphony . For instance , the four @-@ part structure of Edgar Allan Poe 's The Bells , a progression from youth to marriage , maturity , and death , naturally suggested the four movements of a symphony to Sergei Rachmanin...
= = Relation of words and music = =
As in an oratorio , the written text in a choral symphony can be as important as the music , and the chorus and soloists can participate equally with the instruments in the exposition and development of musical ideas . The text can also help determine whether the composer follows symphonic form strictly , as in the ca...
= = = Musical treatment of text = = =
Vaughan Williams ' program note for A Sea Symphony discusses how the text was to be treated as music . The composer writes , " The plan of the work is symphonic rather than narrative or dramatic , and this may be held to justify the frequent repetition of important words and phrases which occur in the poem . The words...
Vaughan Williams was not the only composer following a non @-@ narrative approach to his text . Mahler took a similar , perhaps even more radical approach in his Eighth Symphony , presenting many lines of the first part , " Veni , Creator Spiritus " , in what music writer and critic Michael Steinberg referred to as " ...
Other works take the use of text as music still further . Vaughan Williams uses a chorus of women 's voices wordlessly in his Sinfonia Antartica , based on his music for the film Scott of the Antarctic , to help set the bleakness of the overall atmosphere . While a chorus is used in the second and third movements of G...
= = = Music and words as equals = = =
Stravinsky said about the texts of his Symphony of Psalms that " it is not a symphony in which I have included Psalms to be sung . On the contrary , it is the singing of the Psalms that I am symphonizing " . This decision was as much musical as it was textual . Stravinsky 's counterpoint required several musical voice...
Mahler 's intent in writing his Eighth Symphony for exceptionally large forces was a similar balance between vocal and instrumental forces . It was not simply an attempt at grandiose effect , though the composer 's use of such forces earned the work the subtitle " Symphony of a Thousand " from his press agent ( a name...
Vaughan Williams also insisted on a balance between words and music in A Sea Symphony , writing in his program note for the work , " It is also noticeable that the orchestra has an equal share with the chorus and soloists in carrying out the musical ideas " . Music critic Samuel Langford , writing about the premiere o...
= = = Words determining symphonic form = = =
Rachmaninoff 's choral symphony The Bells reflected the four @-@ part progression from youth to marriage , maturity , and death in Poe 's poem . Britten reversed the pattern for his Spring Symphony — the four sections of the symphony represent , in its composer 's words , " the progress of Winter to Spring and the rea...
The gestation of Shostakovich 's Thirteenth Symphony , Babi Yar , was only slightly less straightforward . He set the poem Babi Yar by Yevgeny Yevtushenko almost immediately upon reading it , initially considering it a single @-@ movement composition . Discovering three other Yevtushenko poems in the poet 's collectio...
In other cases , the choice of text has led the composer to different symphonic structures . Havergal Brian allowed the form of his Fourth Symphony , subtitled " Das Siegeslied " ( Psalm of Victory ) , to be dictated by the three @-@ part structure of his text , Psalm 68 ; the setting of Verses 13 – 18 for soprano sol...
= = = Words expanding symphonic form = = =
A composer may also respond to a text by expanding a choral symphony beyond the normal bounds of the symphonic genre . This is evident in the unusual orchestration and stage directions Berlioz prepared for his Roméo et Juliette . This piece is actually in seven movements , and calls for an intermission after the fourt...
Mahler expanded the Beethovenian model for programmatic as well as symphonic reasons in his Second Symphony , the " Resurrection " , the vocal fourth movement , " Urlicht " , bridging the childlike faith of the third movement with the ideological tension Mahler seeks to resolve in the finale . He then abandoned this p...
= = Symphonies for unaccompanied chorus = =
A few composers have written symphonies for unaccompanied chorus , in which the choir performs both vocal and instrumental functions . Granville Bantock composed three such works — Atalanta in Calydon ( 1911 ) , Vanity of Vanities ( 1913 ) and A Pageant of Human Life ( 1913 ) . His Atalanta , called by musicologist He...
Almost every possible means of vocal expression is employed separately or in combination with others . To hear the different parts of the choir describing in word and tone " laughter " and " tears " respectively at the same time is to realize how little the possibilities of choral singing have as yet been grasped by t...
Roy Harris wrote his Symphony for Voices in 1935 for a cappella choir split into eight parts . Harris focused on harmony , rhythm and dynamics , allowing the text by Walt Whitman to dictate the choral writing . " In a real sense , the human strivings so vividly portrayed in Whitman 's poetry find a musical analog to t...
= = Programmatic intent = =
Some recent efforts have paid less attention to symphonic form and more to programmic intent . Hans Werner Henze wrote his 1997 Ninth Symphony in seven movements , basing the structure of the symphony on the novel The Seventh Cross by Anna Seghers . The novel recounts the flight of seven fugitives from a Nazi prison c...
Philip Glass 's Fifth Symphony , completed in 1999 and subtitled " Requiem , Bardo and Nirmanakaya " , is written in 12 movements to fulfill its programmatic intent . Glass writes , " My plan has been for the symphony to represent a broad spectrum of many of the world 's great ' wisdom ' traditions " , synthesizing " ...
More recently , Glass based the philosophical and musical structure for his Seventh Symphony on the Wirrarika sacred trinity . Glass wrote about the work 's respective movement headings and their relation to the overall structure of the symphony , " ' The Corn ' represents a direct link between Mother Earth and the we...
= = = Words changing programmatic intent = = =
Addition of a text can effectively change the programmatic intent of a composition , as with the two choral symphonies of Franz Liszt . Both the Faust and Dante symphonies were conceived as purely instrumental works and only later became choral symphonies . However , while Liszt authority Humphrey Searle asserts that ...
Likewise , Liszt 's inclusion of a choral finale in his Dante Symphony changed both the structural and programmatic intent of the work . Liszt 's intent was to follow the structure of the Divina Commedia and compose Dante in three movements — one each for the Inferno , Purgatorio and Paradiso . However , Liszt 's son ...
Conversely , a text can also spark the birth of a choral symphony , only for that work to become a purely instrumental one when the programmatic focus of the work changes . Shostakovich originally planned his Seventh Symphony as a single @-@ movement choral symphony much like his Second and Third Symphonies . Shostako...