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wiki_39884_chunk_5 | Organorhenium chemistry | Cyclopentadienyl complexes
One of the first transition metal hydride complexes to be reported was (C5H5)2ReH. A variety of half-sandwich compounds have been prepared from (C5H5)Re(CO)3 and (C5Me5)Re(CO)3. Notable derivatives include the electron-precise oxide (C5Me5)ReO3 and (C5H5)2Re2(CO)4. Re-alkyl and aryl compoun... | wikipedia |
wiki_39884_chunk_6 | Organorhenium chemistry | Rhenium forms a variety of alkyl and aryl derivatives, often with pi-donor coligands such as oxo groups. Well known is methylrhenium trioxide ("MTO"), CH3ReO3 a volatile, colourless solid, a rare example of a stable high-oxidation state metal alkyl complex. This compound has been used as a catalyst in some laboratory... | wikipedia |
wiki_39884_chunk_7 | Organorhenium chemistry | Analogous alkyl and aryl derivatives are known. Although PhReO3 is unstable and decomposes at –30 °C, the corresponding sterically hindered mesityl and 2,6-xylyl derivatives (MesReO3 and 2,6-(CH3)2C6H3ReO3) are stable at room temperature. The electron poor 4-trifluoromethylphenylrhenium trioxide (4-CF3C6H4ReO3) is li... | wikipedia |
wiki_39884_chunk_8 | Organorhenium chemistry | Rhenium is also able to make complexes with fullerene ligands such as Re2(PMe3)4H8(η2:η2C60). References Rhenium compounds
Organometallic compounds | wikipedia |
wiki_39885_chunk_0 | NetworkX | NetworkX is a Python library for studying graphs and networks. NetworkX is free software released under the BSD-new license. Features
Classes for graphs and digraphs.
Conversion of graphs to and from several formats.
Ability to construct random graphs or construct them incrementally.
Ability to find subgraphs, cli... | wikipedia |
wiki_39885_chunk_1 | NetworkX | Suitability
NetworkX is suitable for operation on large real-world graphs: e.g., graphs in excess of 10 million nodes and 100 million edges. Due to its dependence on a pure-Python "dictionary of dictionary" data structure, NetworkX is a reasonably efficient, very scalable, highly portable framework for network and soc... | wikipedia |
wiki_39885_chunk_2 | NetworkX | Free mathematics software
Free software programmed in Python
Graph drawing software
Numerical software
Software using the BSD license
Python (programming language) scientific libraries | wikipedia |
wiki_39886_chunk_0 | Organomolybdenum chemistry | Organomolybdenum chemistry is the chemistry of chemical compounds with Mo-C bonds. The heavier group 6 elements molybdenum and tungsten form organometallic compounds similar to those in organochromium chemistry but higher oxidation states tend to be more common. Mo(0) and more reduced states
Molybdenum hexacarbonyl is... | wikipedia |
wiki_39886_chunk_1 | Organomolybdenum chemistry | Mo(CO)6 reacts with arenes to give piano-stool complexes such as (mesitylene)molybdenum tricarbonyl. Cycloheptatrienemolybdenum tricarbonyl, which is related to (arene)Mo(CO)3, reacts with trityl salts to give the cycloheptatrienyl complex:
(C7H8)Mo(CO)3 + (C6H5)3C+ → [(C7H7)Mo(CO)3]+ + (C6H5)3CH | wikipedia |
wiki_39886_chunk_2 | Organomolybdenum chemistry | Reduction of Mo(CO)6 gives [Mo(CO)5]2− which is formally Mo(-II). CO-free Mo(0) compounds tend to be more reducing and kinetically labile than the carbonyl complexes. Examples include bis(benzene)molybdenum (Mo(C6H6)2) and tris(butadiene)molybdenum. Such compounds can be prepared by metal vapor synthesis and reductiv... | wikipedia |
wiki_39886_chunk_3 | Organomolybdenum chemistry | Mo(II)
Halogenation of Mo(CO)6 gives Mo(II) carbonyl halides, which are also versatile precursors. One large collection of compounds have the formula (C5R5)Mo(CO)3X, derived from cyclopentadienylmolybdenum tricarbonyl dimer (X = halide, hydride, alkyl). Treating molybdenum(II) acetate with methyllithium gives Li4[Mo2(C... | wikipedia |
wiki_39886_chunk_4 | Organomolybdenum chemistry | Mo(IV)
With the formula of the type Cp2MoX2 molybdocene dichloride (X = Cl) and molybdocene dihydride (X = H) are both known as are ansa metallocene analogues. Mo(V) and Mo(VI)
Mo(CH3)5, Mo(CH3)6, and salts of [Mo(CH3)7]- are known. | wikipedia |
wiki_39886_chunk_5 | Organomolybdenum chemistry | Oxo and imide (RN=) ligands are found in several high oxidation state organomolybdenum compounds. The complexes (C5R5)MoO2X are illustrative. Schrock's Mo-based olefin metathesis catalysts feature molybdenum(VI) centers supported by alkoxide, alkylidene, and imido ligands. | wikipedia |
wiki_39886_chunk_6 | Organomolybdenum chemistry | Molybdenum neopentylidyne complexes endowed with sterically demanding phenolates or branched fluorinated alkoxides are catalysts for alkyne metathesis. However, preparation of these catalysts is problematic by the standard Schrock procedure. The trisalkoxide species 17 is active at room temperature. | wikipedia |
wiki_39886_chunk_7 | Organomolybdenum chemistry | The related complex precursor complex 18 provides even greater opportunities, which is originally designed for the stoichiometric cleavage of dinitrogen. In fact, when treating complex 18 with DCM in toluene, the major species formed is a methylidyne complex 19 and a monochloride compound 20. More importantly, the comb... | wikipedia |
wiki_39886_chunk_8 | Organomolybdenum chemistry | Despite the favorable characteristics of such catalysts, complex 18 must be handled with great care. This compound is not only very sensitive to oxidation and hydrolysis, but even reactive enough to cleave molecular nitrogen. | wikipedia |
wiki_39886_chunk_9 | Organomolybdenum chemistry | Molybdenum nitride complexes with Ph3SiO ligands are practical and tolerant precatalyst for alkyne metathesis. This result implied that molybdenum alkylidynes endowed with Ph3SiO ligands must be very active. To further increase the feasibility, stability and activity of these catalysts, they came up with an independent... | wikipedia |
wiki_39886_chunk_10 | Organomolybdenum chemistry | Organotungsten compounds
Tungsten analogues of almost all organoMo compounds are known. Some notable examples include hexamethyltungsten and analogues of Schrock olefin metathesis catalysts. | wikipedia |
wiki_39886_chunk_11 | Organomolybdenum chemistry | Many tungsten-based alkyne metathesis catalysts are of the general type [X3W≡CR]. Activity is manipulated by the ligands. A typical route to such catalysts entails treatment neopentyl Grignard reagent to tungsten(VI) precursor followed by net alcoholysis of the alkyl ligands. Complex 3 can undergo a ligand exchange wit... | wikipedia |
wiki_39886_chunk_12 | Organomolybdenum chemistry | The formal 12-electron count of the W(VI) center in Schrock catalyst represents an appreciable Lewis acidity, which seriously limits the scope of these catalysts. For example, Schrock catalyst is unable to metathesize substrates containing donor or basic sites such as amines, thio ethers or crown ether segments. Acid-s... | wikipedia |
wiki_39886_chunk_13 | Organomolybdenum chemistry | Applications
Mo-based catalysts are useful for olefin metathesis. Trisamidomolybdenum(VI) alkylidyne complexes catalyze alkyne metathesis. In the Kauffmann olefination, molybdenum(III) chloride and methyllithium form an organometallic complex capable of carbonyl olefination. References | wikipedia |
wiki_39887_chunk_0 | JsMath | jsMath was a JavaScript library for displaying mathematics in browsers in a cross-platform way. jsMath is free software released under the Apache License. jsMath was succeeded by MathJax. See also MathJax
TeX and LaTeX, from which jsMath inherits its syntax and layout algorithms
MathML, a W3C standard enabling direc... | wikipedia |
wiki_39888_chunk_0 | List of casualties of the Smolensk air disaster | The Smolensk air disaster, which involved Polish Air Force Flight 101 in 2010 killed all 96 people on board, including Polish President Lech Kaczyński, his wife Maria Kaczyńska and dozens of other senior officials. The Polish delegation was heading to Katyn to attend a ceremony marking the 70th anniversary of the Katyn... | wikipedia |
wiki_39888_chunk_1 | List of casualties of the Smolensk air disaster | Among those killed in the crash of Flight 101 were former President-in-exile Ryszard Kaczorowski, Poland's highest-ranking military officers, lawmakers, heads of the Polish National Bank and other central institutions, presidential aides, bishops and priests of various denominations, relatives of those killed in the Ka... | wikipedia |
wiki_39888_chunk_2 | List of casualties of the Smolensk air disaster | Not on board
Some early reports were wrong about the number or composition as the official list of victims was corrected in stages; most notably because the flight manifest of passengers only, without names of the crew, lacked the name of the only female member of the nine Biuro Ochrony Rządu (Government Protection Bu... | wikipedia |
wiki_39888_chunk_3 | List of casualties of the Smolensk air disaster | References External links
Federacja Rodzin Katyńskich
National Katyn Memorial Foundation
Text of President Kaczynski's planned speech commemorating Victims of the Katyn Forest Massacre Lists of Polish people casualties
Lists of victims | wikipedia |
wiki_39889_chunk_0 | Pechersk (selo), Smolensky District, Smolensk Oblast | Pechersk (), also spelled Pechyorsk (), is a rural locality (a selo) in Smolensky District of Smolensk Oblast, Russia, located north of Smolensk. Population: 4,067 (1998 est.). Etymology
The name "Pechersk" is derived from the Old Russian word "", meaning "cave". History
In 1859, it had an Orthodox church and a popu... | wikipedia |
wiki_39889_chunk_1 | Pechersk (selo), Smolensky District, Smolensk Oblast | Until December 28, 2004, it had a status of a settlement. On April 10, 2010, a Tupolev Tu-154M aircraft of the Polish 36th Special Aviation Regiment crashed near Smolensk-North air base near Pechersk, killing the President of Poland Lech Kaczyński and other Polish officials. References Rural localities in Smolensk Obla... | wikipedia |
wiki_39890_chunk_0 | Computational transportation science | Computational Transportation Science (CTS) is an emerging discipline that combines computer science and engineering with the modeling, planning, and economic aspects of transport. The discipline studies how to improve the safety, mobility, and sustainability of the transport system by taking advantage of information t... | wikipedia |
wiki_39890_chunk_1 | Computational transportation science | Computational Transportation Science is an emerging discipline going beyond vehicular technology, addressing pedestrian systems on hand-held devices but also issues such as transport data mining (or movement analysis), as well as data management aspects. CTS allows for an increasing flexibility of the system as local a... | wikipedia |
wiki_39890_chunk_2 | Computational transportation science | Several academic conferences on CTS have been held up to date:
The Fourth ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop on Computational Transportation Science
The Third ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop on Computational Transportation Science
Dagstuhl Seminar 10121 on Computational Transportation Science
The Second In... | wikipedia |
wiki_39891_chunk_0 | Elayn Hunt Correctional Center | Elayn Hunt Correctional Center (EHCC) located in St. Gabriel, Louisiana, is a multi-security- level Louisiana Department of Public Safety and Corrections institution for adult men. It is the second-largest prison in Louisiana and is located about 70 miles northwest of New Orleans. Elayn Hunt has about half the number o... | wikipedia |
wiki_39891_chunk_1 | Elayn Hunt Correctional Center | In January 2002, a prison cemetery opened at Hunt. Some state prisoners unclaimed by families are buried here. Before that month all unclaimed state prisoners were buried at Point Lookout Cemetery in the Louisiana State Penitentiary. | wikipedia |
wiki_39891_chunk_2 | Elayn Hunt Correctional Center | Prior to 2010, Hunt served as the reception center only for male prisoners from southern parishes, while Forcht-Wade Correctional Center operated the reception center for male prisoners from northern parishes. In 2009 the state announced that Forcht-Wade would be redesignated as a substance abuse center. Hunt was desig... | wikipedia |
wiki_39891_chunk_3 | Elayn Hunt Correctional Center | Notable prisoners
Mystikal
McKinley "Mac" Phipps
Herman Wallace, one of the Angola Three, he was transferred to this prison in March 2009 after his first appeal hearing of a 1972 conviction, after decades in solitary confinement at Angola. He was released in 2013 and died three days later, before the state could tr... | wikipedia |
wiki_39892_chunk_0 | Attilio Nicodemo | Attilio Nicodemo (born 25 January 1974) is an Italian footballer who plays for Sorrento in Lega Pro Prima Divisione as a midfielder. | wikipedia |
wiki_39892_chunk_1 | Attilio Nicodemo | Career
Born in Rome, Lazio region, Nicodemo started his senior career at Serie D side Termoli, located at Molise region. He then played 5 seasons at Serie C1, for Nola, then Juve Stabia and Foggia. He followed Foggia relegated to Serie C2 in 1999. In 2000, he was bought by Roma along with Giuseppe Di Masi and Franco Br... | wikipedia |
wiki_39892_chunk_2 | Attilio Nicodemo | He went to Florence for newly re-found Florentia Viola, along with Roma's Raffaele Longo, Luigi Panarelli and Antonio Rizzo. In 2003–04 season, he was loaned to Serie C1 side Teramo. In mid season he deal became permanent. In summer 2006, he joined Serie C2 side Portogruaro. In July 2007 for Serie C1 side Sorrento. Ref... | wikipedia |
wiki_39892_chunk_3 | Attilio Nicodemo | Italian footballers
Italian expatriate footballers
Ligue 2 players
Serie C players
S.S. Juve Stabia players
Calcio Foggia 1920 S.S.D. players
OGC Nice players
S.S. Chieti Calcio players
ACF Fiorentina players
S.S. Teramo Calcio players
A.S.D. Sorrento players
Expatriate footballers in France
Association football midfie... | wikipedia |
wiki_39893_chunk_0 | The Hidden Power of the Dragon Sabre | The Hidden Power of the Dragon Sabre is a 1984 Hong Kong wuxia film directed by Chor Yuen and produced by the Shaw Brothers Studio. The film is a spinoff of Louis Cha's novel The Heaven Sword and Dragon Saber. | wikipedia |
wiki_39893_chunk_1 | The Hidden Power of the Dragon Sabre | Plot
The film is a spin-off of the original story of The Heaven Sword and Dragon Saber. Zhang Wuji retrieves the Heaven-reliant Sword and the Dragon-slaying Saber and places them in the Ming Cult's headquarters. He carves the inscriptions from the Nine Yang Manual on the walls of a secret chamber and asks his godfather... | wikipedia |
wiki_39893_chunk_2 | The Hidden Power of the Dragon Sabre | Song Qingshu, a defeated villain from the original story, returns and starts a reign of terror. He traps a beautiful Mongol princess and masters a new Yin and Yang-combined martial arts technique, becoming almost invincible. Zhang Wuji has to put an end to Song Qingshu's rampage. | wikipedia |
wiki_39893_chunk_3 | The Hidden Power of the Dragon Sabre | Cast
Derek Yee as Zhang Wuji
Ti Lung as Tiezhen
Alex Man as Song Qingshu
Cherie Chung as Mongol princess
Leanne Liu as Zhou Zhiruo
Ku Feng as Zhu Yuanzhang
Lo Lieh as Xie Xun
Lung Tien-hsiang as Wei Yixiao
Dang Wai-ho as Yang Xiao
Yuen Wah as Fan Yao
Elvis Tsui as Weizhen
Kwan Fung
Yeung Chi-hing
Shum Lo
... | wikipedia |
wiki_39893_chunk_4 | The Hidden Power of the Dragon Sabre | 1984 films
Films based on works by Jin Yong
Hong Kong films
Works based on The Heaven Sword and Dragon Saber
Wuxia films
Films set in the Yuan dynasty
Shaw Brothers Studio films
Films about rebels
Films directed by Chor Yuen | wikipedia |
wiki_39894_chunk_0 | Commensurate line circuit | Commensurate line circuits are electrical circuits composed of transmission lines that are all the same length; commonly one-eighth of a wavelength. Lumped element circuits can be directly converted to distributed-element circuits of this form by the use of Richards' transformation. This transformation has a particul... | wikipedia |
wiki_39894_chunk_1 | Commensurate line circuit | It is usually necessary to carry out a further transformation of the circuit using Kuroda's identities. There are several reasons for applying one of the Kuroda transformations; the principal reason is usually to eliminate series connected components. In some technologies, including the widely used microstrip, series... | wikipedia |
wiki_39894_chunk_2 | Commensurate line circuit | The frequency response of commensurate line circuits, like all distributed-element circuits, will periodically repeat, limiting the frequency range over which they are effective. Circuits designed by the methods of Richards and Kuroda are not the most compact. Refinements to the methods of coupling elements together ... | wikipedia |
wiki_39894_chunk_3 | Commensurate line circuit | Commensurate lines
Commensurate lines are transmission lines that are all the same electrical length, but not necessarily the same characteristic impedance (Z0). A commensurate line circuit is an electrical circuit composed only of commensurate lines terminated with resistors or short- and open-circuits. In 1948, Pau... | wikipedia |
wiki_39894_chunk_4 | Commensurate line circuit | Lengths of lines in distributed-element circuits, for generality, are usually expressed in terms of the circuit's nominal operational wavelength, λ. Lines of the prescribed length in a commensurate line circuit are called unit elements (UEs). A particularly simple relationship pertains if the UEs are λ/8. Each eleme... | wikipedia |
wiki_39894_chunk_5 | Commensurate line circuit | Electrical length can also be expressed as the phase change between the start and the end of the line. Phase is measured in angle units. , the mathematical symbol for an angle variable, is used as the symbol for electrical length when expressed as an angle. In this convention λ represents 360°, or 2π radians. | wikipedia |
wiki_39894_chunk_6 | Commensurate line circuit | The advantage of using commensurate lines is that the commensurate line theory allows circuits to be synthesised from a prescribed frequency function. While any circuit using arbitrary transmission line lengths can be analysed to determine its frequency function, that circuit cannot necessarily be easily synthesised s... | wikipedia |
wiki_39894_chunk_7 | Commensurate line circuit | Richards' transformation
Richards' transformation transforms the angular frequency variable, ω, according to, or, more usefully for further analysis, in terms of the complex frequency variable, s, where k is an arbitrary constant related to the UE length, θ, and some designer chosen reference frequency, ωc, by k has un... | wikipedia |
wiki_39894_chunk_8 | Commensurate line circuit | it can be seen that (for θ < π/2) a short circuit stub has the impedance of a lumped inductance and an open circuit stub has the impedance of a lumped capacitance. Richards' transformation substitutes inductors with short circuited UEs and capacitors with open circuited UEs. When the length is λ/8 (or θ=π/4), this sim... | wikipedia |
wiki_39894_chunk_9 | Commensurate line circuit | L and C are conventionally the symbols for inductance and capacitance, but here they represent respectively the characteristic impedance of an inductive stub and the characteristic admittance of a capacitive stub. This convention is used by numerous authors, and later in this article. Omega-domain Richards' transforma... | wikipedia |
wiki_39894_chunk_10 | Commensurate line circuit | Any circuit composed of discrete, linear, lumped components will have a transfer function H(s) that is a rational function in s. A circuit composed of transmission line UEs derived from the lumped circuit by Richards' transformation will have a transfer function H(jΩ) that is a rational function of precisely the same ... | wikipedia |
wiki_39894_chunk_11 | Commensurate line circuit | However, infinity in the Ω domain is transformed to ω=π/4k in the s domain. The entire frequency response is squeezed down to this finite interval. Above this frequency, the same response is repeated in the same intervals, alternately in reverse. This is a consequence of the periodic nature of the tangent function. ... | wikipedia |
wiki_39894_chunk_12 | Commensurate line circuit | Cascade element
A UE connected in cascade is a two-port network that has no exactly corresponding circuit in lumped elements. It is functionally a fixed delay. There are lumped-element circuits that can approximate a fixed delay such as the Bessel filter, but they only work within a prescribed passband, even with ide... | wikipedia |
wiki_39894_chunk_13 | Commensurate line circuit | There is consequently no lumped circuit that Richard's transformation can transform into a cascade-connected line, and there is no reverse transformation for this element. Commensurate line theory thus introduces a new element of delay, or length.
Two or more UEs connected in cascade with the same Z0 are equivalent to... | wikipedia |
wiki_39894_chunk_14 | Commensurate line circuit | Kuroda's identities | wikipedia |
wiki_39894_chunk_15 | Commensurate line circuit | Kuroda's identities are a set of four equivalent circuits that overcome certain difficulties with applying Richards' transformations directly. The four basic transformations are shown in the figure. Here the symbols for capacitors and inductors are used to represent open-circuit and short-circuit stubs. Likewise, th... | wikipedia |
wiki_39894_chunk_16 | Commensurate line circuit | The first difficulty solved is that all the UEs are required to be connected together at the same point. This arises because the lumped-element model assumes that all the elements take up zero space (or no significant space) and that there is no delay in signals between the elements. Applying Richards' transformation... | wikipedia |
wiki_39894_chunk_17 | Commensurate line circuit | A second difficulty that Kuroda's identities can overcome is that series connected lines are not always practical. While series connection of lines can easily be done in, for instance, coaxial technology, it is not possible in the widely used microstrip technology and other planar technologies. Filter circuits freque... | wikipedia |
wiki_39894_chunk_18 | Commensurate line circuit | The third and fourth identities allow characteristic impedances to be scaled down or up respectively. These can be useful for transforming impedances that are impractical to implement. However, they have the disadvantage of requiring the addition of an ideal transformer with a turns ratio equal to the scaling factor.... | wikipedia |
wiki_39894_chunk_19 | Commensurate line circuit | One of the major applications of commensurate line theory is to design distributed-element filters. Such filters constructed directly by Richards' and Kuroda's method are not very compact. This can be an important design consideration, especially in mobile devices. The stubs stick out to the side of the main line an... | wikipedia |
wiki_39894_chunk_20 | Commensurate line circuit | The cascade connected λ/8 sections of the Kuroda circuits are an example of impedance transformers, the archetypical example of such circuits is the λ/4 impedance transformer. Although this is double the length of the λ/8 line it has the useful property that it can be transformed from a low-pass filter to a high-pass ... | wikipedia |
wiki_39894_chunk_21 | Commensurate line circuit | Stubs may be lengthened in order to change from an open circuit to a short circuit stub and vice versa. Low-pass filters usually consist of series inductors and shunt capacitors. Applying Kuroda's identities will convert these to all shunt capacitors, which are open circuit stubs. Open circuit stubs are preferred in... | wikipedia |
wiki_39894_chunk_22 | Commensurate line circuit | Coupling elements together with impedance transformer lines is not the most compact design. Other methods of coupling have been developed, especially for band-pass filters that are far more compact. These include parallel lines filters, interdigital filters, hairpin filters, and the semi-lumped design combline filters... | wikipedia |
wiki_39894_chunk_23 | Commensurate line circuit | Besser, Les; Gilmore, Rowan, Practical RF Circuit Design for Modern Wireless Systems: Volume 1: Passive Circuits and Systems, Artech House, 2002 .
Bhat, Bharathi; Koul, Shiban K., Stripline-like Transmission Lines for Microwave Integrated Circuits, New Age International, 1989 .
Du, Ke-Lin; Swamy, M. N. S., Wireless C... | wikipedia |
wiki_39894_chunk_24 | Commensurate line circuit | Filter theory
Distributed element circuits
Microwave technology
Circuit theorems
Analog circuits
Linear filters
Electronic design | wikipedia |
wiki_39895_chunk_0 | Governor of Smolensk Oblast | The governor of Smolensk Oblast () is the highest official of Smolensk Oblast, a region in Central Russia. He heads the supreme executive body of the region — the Smolensk Oblast administration. List of office-holders
This is a list of governors of Smolensk Oblast: Elections
The latest election for the office was hel... | wikipedia |
wiki_39896_chunk_0 | Ger Power (hurler) | Ger Power (born 9 May 1960 in Midleton, County Cork) is a former Irish sportsperson. He played hurling with his local club Midleton and was the substitute goalkeeper to Ger Cunningham on the Cork senior inter-county team in the 1980s. References 1960 births
Living people
Midleton hurlers
Cork inter-county hurlers | wikipedia |
wiki_39897_chunk_0 | Energy policy of the Barack Obama administration | The Energy Policy of the Obama administration. On April 13, 2015, in honor of the 40th anniversary of Earth Day, the Obama Administration website summarized the initiatives that the administration is taking or has undertaken: | wikipedia |
wiki_39897_chunk_1 | Energy policy of the Barack Obama administration | • A $3.4 billion Smart Grid Investment Grant (part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009), which would affect 49 states and has the potential to reduce electricity use by more than 4% by 2033,
• The launch of the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E) project under the Department of Energy an... | wikipedia |
wiki_39897_chunk_2 | Energy policy of the Barack Obama administration | Clean Energy and the Recovery Act
Many of the Obama administration's were undertaken as a result of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, and many of those investments were specifically in clean energy. According to a report by Clean Edge: The Clean Tech Marketing Authority, the recovery act included mor... | wikipedia |
wiki_39897_chunk_3 | Energy policy of the Barack Obama administration | • $111 billion for a smart grid to connect rural energy-producing sites with cities, and smarter use of energy within homes,
• $55 billion to weatherize low-income homes,
• $41.5 billion to reduce the federal government's own energy bill by making federal buildings more energy efficient,
• $62.3 billion to support stat... | wikipedia |
wiki_39897_chunk_4 | Energy policy of the Barack Obama administration | Clean Edge lists other recent policies of the Obama Administration to support the clean energy sector in the U.S.: • Extending the investment tax credit for solar energy,
• Extending the production tax credit for wind energy,
• Allowing utilities to participate in income tax credits, and
• Allowing renewable energy ... | wikipedia |
wiki_39897_chunk_5 | Energy policy of the Barack Obama administration | In January 2017, President Obama published an article arguing that private-sector incentives will help drive decoupling of emissions and economic growth. He calls this the irreversible momentum of clean energy, which he says may occur independently of the near-term policy choices of the Trump presidency. Aftermath of J... | wikipedia |
wiki_39897_chunk_6 | Energy policy of the Barack Obama administration | Concerns have grown over the nuclear plants in California because, similar to Japan, they are also located on fault lines. But Per Peterson, former Chair of the nuclear-engineering department at the University of California, Berkeley has reassured people that the fault lines lack the same danger and potential of disast... | wikipedia |
wiki_39897_chunk_7 | Energy policy of the Barack Obama administration | Energy security
In a speech on March 31, 2010 at Andrews Air Force Base, President Obama outlined a new energy security plan.
The president's plan includes initiatives such as raising fuel efficiency standards. He also announced a decision to double the number of hybrid vehicles in the federal government's fleet, and m... | wikipedia |
wiki_39897_chunk_8 | Energy policy of the Barack Obama administration | Following up on Obama's speech, the White House blog released a statement on how the administration plans to boost domestic energy production, diversify America's energy portfolio, and promote clean energy innovation with three tactics: Landmark car and truck fuel standards
Leading by example - Greening the federal fle... | wikipedia |
wiki_39897_chunk_9 | Energy policy of the Barack Obama administration | Reactions and analysis of energy and climate security
The Center for a New American Security (CNAS) wrote recommendations on how to improve upon the energy security plan. In 2009, CNAS and its author, Christine Parthemore "convened a group of scientists, investors, business executives, academics, nonprofit representati... | wikipedia |
wiki_39897_chunk_10 | Energy policy of the Barack Obama administration | Draft a comprehensive national strategy,
Link that strategy to a major, systems-level demonstration project for a future, low-carbon energy economy, and
Create a scorecard to track progress and capture lessons learned from the historical level of federal investment in energy and climate security. See also
Climate cha... | wikipedia |
wiki_39898_chunk_0 | Fullerian Professor of Chemistry | The Fullerian Chairs at the Royal Institution in London, England, were established by John 'Mad Jack' Fuller. Fullerian Professors of Chemistry
1833 Michael Faraday
1868 William Odling
1874 John Hall Gladstone
1877 James Dewar
1923 William Henry Bragg
1942 Henry H. Dale
1946 Eric Keightley Rideal
1950 Edward Ne... | wikipedia |
wiki_39899_chunk_0 | Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering at Dayton | The Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering at Dayton (TREND) is a research center which focuses on tissue regeneration and is partnered with the National Institutes of Health, the National Science Foundation, Air Force Research Laboratory, and Ethicon Endo-Surgery. The center is located in Dayton, Ohio. The cen... | wikipedia |
wiki_39900_chunk_0 | Traffic simulation | Traffic simulation or the simulation of transportation systems is the mathematical modeling of transportation systems (e.g., freeway junctions, arterial routes, roundabouts, downtown grid systems, etc.) through the application of computer software to better help plan, design, and operate transportation systems. Simulat... | wikipedia |
wiki_39900_chunk_1 | Traffic simulation | Simulation in transportation is important because it can study models too complicated for analytical or numerical treatment, can be used for experimental studies, can study detailed relations that might be lost in analytical or numerical treatment and can produce attractive visual demonstrations of present and future s... | wikipedia |
wiki_39900_chunk_2 | Traffic simulation | Simulation methods in transportation can employ a selection of theories, including probability and statistics, differential equations and numerical methods. Monte Carlo method
One of the earliest discrete event simulation models is the Monte Carlo simulation, where a series of random numbers are used to synthesise traf... | wikipedia |
wiki_39900_chunk_3 | Traffic simulation | Discrete event and continuous-time simulation
More recent methods use either discrete event simulation or continuous-time simulation. Discrete event simulation models are both stochastic (with random components) and dynamic (time is a variable). Single server queues for instance can be modeled very well using discrete ... | wikipedia |
wiki_39900_chunk_4 | Traffic simulation | Car-following models
A class of microscopic continuous-time models, known as car-following models, are also based on differential equations. Significant models include the Pipes, intelligent driver model and Gipps' model. They model the behavior of each individual vehicle ("microscopic") in order to see its implication... | wikipedia |
wiki_39900_chunk_5 | Traffic simulation | Systems planning
The methods noted above are generally used to model the behavior of an existing system, and are often focused around specific areas of interest under a range of conditions (such as a change in layout, lane closures, and different levels of traffic flow). Transport planning and forecasting can be used t... | wikipedia |
wiki_39900_chunk_6 | Traffic simulation | Applications in transportation engineering
Traffic simulation models are useful from a microscopic, macroscopic and sometimes mesoscopic perspectives. Simulation can be applied to both transportation planning and to transportation design and operations. In transportation planning the simulation models evaluate the impa... | wikipedia |
wiki_39900_chunk_7 | Traffic simulation | Whether it is for planning or for systems operations, simulations can be used for a variety of transportation modes. Roadway and ground transportation | wikipedia |
wiki_39900_chunk_8 | Traffic simulation | Ground transportation for both passenger and goods movement is perhaps the area where simulation is most widely used. Simulation can be carried out at a corridor level, or at a more complex roadway grid network level to analyze planning, design and operations such as delay, pollution, and congestion. Ground transportat... | wikipedia |
wiki_39900_chunk_9 | Traffic simulation | Rail transportation
Rail is an important mode of travel for both freight and passengers. Modeling railways for freight movement is important to determine the operational efficiency and rationalize planning decisions. Freight simulation can include aspects such as dedicated truck lanes, commodity flow, corridor and syst... | wikipedia |
wiki_39900_chunk_10 | Traffic simulation | Maritime and air transportation
Maritime and air transportation presents two areas that are important for the economy. Maritime simulation primarily includes container terminal modeling, that deals with the logistics of container handling to improve system efficiency. Air transportation simulation primarily involves mo... | wikipedia |
wiki_39900_chunk_11 | Traffic simulation | Other
In addition to simulating individual modes, it is often more important to simulate a multi-modal network, since in reality modes are integrated and represent more complexities that each individual mode can overlook. Inter-modal network simulation can also better understand the impact of a certain network from a c... | wikipedia |
wiki_39900_chunk_12 | Traffic simulation | Simulation in transportation can also be integrated with urban environment simulation, where a large urban area is simulated which includes roadway networks, to better understand land use and other planning implications of the traffic network on the urban environment. Software programs
Simulation software is getting be... | wikipedia |
wiki_39900_chunk_13 | Traffic simulation | Transportation models generally can be classified into microscopic, mesoscopic, macroscopic, and metascopic models. Microscopic models study individual elements of transportation systems, such as individual vehicle dynamics and individual traveler behavior. Mesoscopic models analyze transportation elements in small gro... | wikipedia |
wiki_39900_chunk_14 | Traffic simulation | Microsimulation
Microsimulation models track individual vehicle movements on a second or subsecond basis. Microsimulation relies on random numbers to generate vehicles, select routing decisions, and determine behavior. Because of this variation, it is necessary to run the model several times with different random numbe... | wikipedia |
wiki_39900_chunk_15 | Traffic simulation | Microsimulation models usually produce two types of results: animated displays, and numerical output in text files. It is important to understand how the software has accumulated and summarized the numerical results to prevent incorrect interpretation. Animation can allow the analyst to quickly assess the performance, ... | wikipedia |
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