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Traffic simulation
'Measures of Effectiveness' (MOEs) may be calculated or defined in a manner which is unique to each simulation program. MOEs are the system performance statistics that categorize the degree to which a particular alternative meets the project objectives. The following MOEs are most common when analyzing simulation model...
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Traffic simulation
'VMT' (vehicle miles traveled) is computed as a combination of the number of vehicles in the system and the distance they travel. 'VHT' (vehicle hours of travel) is computed as the product of the link volume and the link travel time, summed over all links. 'Mean system speed' is equal to VMT/VHT. 'Total system delay...
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Traffic simulation
Other commonly reported metrics from traffic simulation tools include: . Link road section speeds, flow, density, travel time, delay, stop time Intersection turning volumes, delay, Journey times Loop detector records for speed, occupancy, headway, gap Vehicle trajectories and speed vs. distance plots
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Traffic simulation
Comparing simulation results with the US Highway Capacity Manual The output of a microsimulation model is different from that of the US Federal Highway Capacity Manual (HCM). For example, most HCM procedures assume that the operation of one intersection will not be affected by the conditions of an adjacent roadway (wit...
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Traffic simulation
The HCM 2010 provides revised guidance on what types of output from traffic simulation software are most suitable for analysis in, and comparison to, the HCM for example vehicle trajectories and raw loop detector output.
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Traffic simulation
Comparison with HCM delay and level of service In the HCM delay is used to estimate the level of service (LOS) for intersections. However, there are distinct differences between the way microsimulation programs and the HCM define delay. The HCM bases its delay on adjusted flow using mean control delay for the highest 1...
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Traffic simulation
Comparison with HCM Queues HCM 2000 defines a queue as a line of vehicles, bicycles, or persons waiting to be served by the system in which the flow rate from the front of the queue determines the average speed within the queue. Slowly moving vehicles or people joining the rear of the queue are usually considered part ...
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Traffic simulation
References Further reading
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Texas Music Revolution
Texas Music Revolution is a Texas Country Music festival that began in 1997 and has been running for the past 14 years. The festival is hosted by KHYI-95.3 FM The Range, and sponsored by many local Dallas/Ft. Worth businesses including Shiner Bock. The festival is traditionally (for the past 12 years) located at Southf...
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Seed (programming)
Seed is a JavaScript interpreter and a library of the GNOME project to create standalone applications in JavaScript. It uses the JavaScript engine JavaScriptCore of the WebKit project. It is possible to easily create modules in C. Seed is integrated in GNOME since the 2.28 version and is used by two games in the GNOME ...
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Seed (programming)
Hello world in Seed This example uses the standard output to output the string "Hello, World". #!/usr/bin/env seed print("Hello, world!"); A program using GTK+ This code shows an empty window named "Example". #!/usr/bin/env seed Gtk = imports.gi.Gtk; Gtk.init(Seed.argv); var window = new Gtk.Window({title: "Example"})...
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Seed (programming)
window.signal.hide.connect(Gtk.main_quit); window.show_all(); Gtk.main(); Modules To use a module, just instantiate a class having for name imports. followed by the name of the module respecting the case sensitivity.
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Seed (programming)
The modules using GObject Introspection, who starts by imports.gi. : Gtk Gst GObject Gio Clutter GLib Gdk WebKit GdkPixbuf, GdkPixbuf Libxml Cairo DBus MPFR Os (system library) Canvas (using Cairo) multiprocessing readline ffi sqlite sandbox List of the Seed versions The names of the versions of Se...
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Seed (programming)
External links Seed on the GNOME wiki Seed documentation A auto-generated documentation of the Seed modules Official tutorial of Seed A short tutorial showing how to create a basic web browser using WebKitGTK+. Blog of Robert Carr Programming tools Free computer libraries Linux programming tools MacOS programming...
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High Proof Cosmic Milk
High Proof Cosmic Milk is the seventh studio album by Polish thrash metal band Acid Drinkers. It was released on March 18, 1998 in Poland through Metal Mind Productions. The album was recorded on January, 1998 at Deo Recordings Studio, Wisła. The cover art was created by Litza and Jacek Gulczyński and fotos by Andrzej ...
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High Proof Cosmic Milk
Personnel Tomasz "Titus" Pukacki - vocal, bass guitar Robert "Litza" Friedrich - backing vocal, guitar Dariusz "Popcorn" Popowicz - guitar Maciej "Ślimak" Starosta - drums Lori Wallett - backing vocal Music - Acid Drinkers Mastering - Grzegorz Piwkowski Engineered - Adam Toczko, Jacek Chraplak Release history Refe...
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Botswana Power Corporation
Botswana Power Corporation (BPC) is a state-owned company for electrical power generation, transmission and distribution in Botswana. It was established in 1970 and is currently the only electricity supplier in the country. BPC represents Botswana in the Southern African Power Pool. Morupule Power Station (coal-fired)...
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Botswana Power Corporation
History Botswana Power Corporation was formed after the Botswana Parliament passed the Botswana Power Corporation Act. BPC produced an estimated 1,052 GWh in 2007, while demand was estimated to 2,648 GWh. Capacity Total electricity produced locally by BPC; See also Botswana Power Corporation Workers' Union Water Util...
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Religious and political symbols in Unicode
Unicode contains a number of characters that represent various cultural, political, and religious symbols. Most, but not all, of these symbols are in the Miscellaneous Symbols block. The majority of them are treated as graphic symbols that are not characters.
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Religious and political symbols in Unicode
Exceptions to this include characters in certain writing systems that are also in use as political or religious symbols, such as 卐 (U+5350), the swastika encoded as a Chinese character (although it is also encoded as a religious symbol at U+0FD5); or ॐ (U+0950), the Om symbol which is, strictly speaking, a Devanagari l...
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Religious and political symbols in Unicode
Unicode defines the semantics of a character by its character identity and its normative properties, one of these being the character's general category, given as a two-letter code (e.g. Lu for "uppercase letter"). Characters that fall in the "political or religious" category are given the "general category" So, which...
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Religious and political symbols in Unicode
Armenian block The Unicode chart for the Armenian block notes two religious symbols: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! Symbol !! Code point !! Name |- | || U+058D || style="text-align:left" | RIGHT-FACING ARMENIAN ETERNITY SIGN |- | || U+058E || style="text-align:left" | LEFT-FACING ARMENIAN ETERNIT...
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Religious and political symbols in Unicode
Dingbats block The Dingbats block also contains some symbols with political/religious connotations: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! Symbol !! Code point !! Name |- | || U+2719 || style="text-align:left" | OUTLINED GREEK CROSS |- | || U+271A || style="text-align:left" | HEAVY GREEK CROSS |- | || U...
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Geometric Shapes Extended Other weights of the Greek cross are in Geometric Shapes Extended.
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! Symbol !! Code point !! Name |- | || U+1F7A1 || style="text-align:left" | THIN GREEK CROSS |- | || U+1F7A2 || style="text-align:left" | LIGHT GREEK CROSS |- | || U+1F7A3 || style="text-align:left" | MEDIUM GREEK CROSS |- | || U+1F7A4 || style="text-align:left" | B...
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Religious and political symbols in Unicode
Enclosed Ideographic Supplement block The Unicode chart for the Enclosed Ideographic Supplement block notes several symbols used for Chinese folk religion: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! Symbol !! Code point !! Name and notes |- | || U+1F260 || style="text-align:left" | ROUNDED SYMBOL FOR FU (luck...
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Religious and political symbols in Unicode
Miscellaneous Symbols block The Unicode chart for the Miscellaneous Symbols block has a section explicitly labelled "Religious and political symbols": {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! Text !! Emoji !! Code point !! Name and notes |- | || || U+2626 || style="text-align:left" | ORTHODOX CROSS |- | |...
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Religious and political symbols in Unicode
The emoji variants have U+FE0F after the symbol.
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Religious and political symbols in Unicode
Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs block The Unicode chart for the Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs block notes many religious symbols: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! Text !! Emoji !! Code point !! Name and notes |- | || || U+1F4FF || style="text-align:left" | PRAYER BEADS |- | || || U+1F54...
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Ostensibly religious symbols are, however, not limited to this section, as the same chart has another short section of two characters labelled "Syriac cross symbols", with the explanatory gloss "These symbols are used in liturgical texts of Syriac-speaking churches". Another short section of two symbols is headed "Medi...
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Religious and political symbols in Unicode
Tibetan block The Unicode chart for the Tibetan block notes several religious symbols: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! Symbol !! Code point !! Name and notes |- | || U+0FD5 || style="text-align:left" | RIGHT-FACING SVASTI SIGN = gyung drung nang -khor (symbol of good luck and well-being in India) |...
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See also National flags are implemented by Regional indicator symbols in the Enclosed Alphanumeric Supplement block. References Unicode Unicode Unicode
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GLGE (programming library)
GLGE is a programming library for use with WebGL and JavaScript. GLGE is a JavaScript library intended to ease the use of WebGL, a native browser JavaScript API giving direct access to OpenGL ES 2, allowing for the use of hardware accelerated 2D and 3D applications without having to download any plugins. The aim of GLG...
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GLGE (programming library)
Keyframe animation Per-pixel lighting directional lights, spot lights and point lights Normal mapping Animated materials Skeletal animation COLLADA format support Parallax mapping Text rendering Fog Depth Shadows Shader-based picking Environment mapping Reflections/Refractions Collada Animations Portals ...
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James Baird (civil engineer)
James Baird (May 18, 1873 – May 16, 1953) was an American civil engineer, football player and coach. He played football for the University of Michigan from 1892 to 1895 and was captain of the 1894 team. He was also an assistant football coach at Michigan from 1897 to 1898. He worked for the George A. Fuller Co. for ...
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James Baird (civil engineer)
Early years Baird was born in Vanceburg, Kentucky and attended high schools in Chicago, Illinois and Ann Arbor, Michigan. His father, Lyman Beecher Baird (September 6, 1833 - October 24, 1907), was an Ohio native who worked as a farmer and merchant. In the 1880 United States Census, Lyman Baird was identified as a gro...
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James Baird (civil engineer)
University of Michigan He enrolled at the University of Michigan where he played quarterback for the football team from 1892 to 1895. He was captain of the 1894 Michigan team that finished with a 9–1–1 record and recorded the school's first victory against one of the Eastern football powers with a 12–4 win over Cornell...
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James Baird (civil engineer)
Baird played quarterback for the 1895 Michigan team that compiled an 8–1 record, won seven of their games by shutouts, and outscored their opponents by a combined score of 266 to 14. The sole loss of the 1895 season was a 4–0 setback against the Harvard Crimson, then one of the three great football powers. Michigan fin...
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After graduating, Baird served as an assistant football coach at Michigan from 1897 to 1898, including the 1898 Michigan team that won the school's first Western Conference championship. At the end of the 1898 season, the Chicago Inter-Ocean singled out Baird for his work in coaching the Michigan team:"They had been a ...
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James Baird (civil engineer)
Construction career
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James Baird (civil engineer)
After graduating from Michigan, Baird had a successful career in the construction industry. He started as a timekeeper for the Guaranty Construction Co. of Chicago and then as an engineer for Moulton-Starrett Co. of Columbus, Ohio, and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. In 1899, Baird began a 23-year association with the George...
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James Baird (civil engineer)
During World War I, Baird volunteered to construct cantonments for the U.S. Army to house 20,000 to 30,000 men. In November 1918, at the end of hostilities, Baird applied for a passport to travel to France and Belgium to represent the Fuller Company in selling building materials to be used in the post-war reconstructi...
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In 1923, as a building boom created a shortage in skilled construction workers and supervisors, Baird served as Chairman of the Emergency Committee of the Mason Builders' Association. He was an outspoken advocate for additional funding for teaching the building trades in the schools.
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James Baird (civil engineer)
In 1925, Baird formed his own construction company, the James Baird Construction Co., Inc. Baird and his company specialized in large construction projects and were responsible for the construction of many notable structures, including the Folger Shakespeare Library in Washington, D.C., an addition to the Corcoran Gal...
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Family and philanthropy Baird was married to Cornelia Cornelia Curtis (born May 1875) at Chicago on March 28, 1900. They lived in Manhattan, and later in Washington, D.C. and the Village of Scarsdale, New York, and had two sons, John C. Baird (born c. 1906) and Charles Baird (born c. 1909).Census entry for James Baird...
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In 1936, Baird traveled to Tucson, Arizona to seek relief from asthma. His health improved, and he made his permanent residence in Tucson for the last 17 years of his life. Baird was active in philanthropic causes in Tucson and donated $207,422 in 1948 to establish a scholarship fund at the University of Arizona. At...
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In January 1948, Baird welcome the University of Michigan Marching Band to Tucson as they returned from the 1948 Rose Bowl. He gave Michigan officials a tour of the University of Arizona campus and presented them with citrus from trees at the Baird residence at 4111 Calle El Centro in Tucson. Michigan's band conducto...
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In May 1953, Baird died two days short of his 80th birthday at St. Mary's Hospital in Tucson after a month's illness. Baird's widow died at Tucson in 1962. He was buried in the Baird family plot at Oakwood Cemetery in Chicago. In recognition of his gifts to the University of Michigan, a species of snake, Tantilla bai...
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Hispanics in the American Civil War
Hispanics in the American Civil War fought on both the Union and Confederate sides of the conflict. Not all the Hispanics who fought in the American Civil War were "Hispanic-Americans", in other words citizens of the United States. Many of them were Spanish subjects or nationals from countries in the Caribbean, Central...
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Hispanics in the American Civil War
Hispanic is an ethnic term employed to categorize any citizen or resident of the United States, of any racial background, of any country, and of any religion, who has at least one ancestor from the people of Spain or is of non-Hispanic origin, but has an ancestor from Mexico, Puerto Rico, Cuba, Central or South America...
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The Union Army was the land force that fought for the Union during the American Civil War. It was also known as the "Federal Army", the "U.S. Army", the "Northern Army" and the "National Army". It consisted of the small United States Army (the regular army), augmented by massive numbers of units supplied by the Norther...
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The "New Mexico Volunteer Infantry", with 157 Hispanics officers, was the Union unit with the most officers of that ethnic background. Besides Colonel Miguel E. Pino and Lieutenant Colonel Jose Maria Valdez who belonged to the 2nd New Mexico Volunteer Infantry, the New Mexico Volunteer Infantry also included Colonel Di...
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Another unit which was composed of Hispanics was D Company "The Spanish Company" of the Garibaldi Guard, 39th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment. The company served until July 1, 1865, when it was mustered out at Alexandria, Virginia. They lost during its term of service 119 by death from wounds, and 159 by death fro...
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The Confederate Congress provided for a Confederate States Army patterned after the United States Army. It was to consist of a large provisional force to exist only in time of war and a small permanent regular army. The provisional, volunteer army was established by an act of the Confederate Congress passed February 28...
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Amongst the Confederate units, who either had a significant number of Hispanics or were composed entirely of Hispanics were the 5th Regiment (Spanish Regiment) of the "European Brigade", "Cazadores Espanoles Regiment" and the "Louisiana Tigers", all from Louisiana; the "Spanish Guards" and the "55th Infantry" both from...
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Hispanics held various grades of ranks in the military, the highest being full Admiral of the Union Navy. Three Hispanics were awarded the Medal of Honor, the highest military decoration for heroism awarded by the United States. Hispanic women also participated, such was the case of Loreta Janeta Velazquez, a Cuban wom...
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Admiral David Farragut (1801–1870) – Son of Spanish-born Jordi Farragut, Farragut was promoted to vice admiral on December 21, 1864, and to full admiral on July 25, 1866, after the war, thereby becoming the first person to be named full admiral in the Navy's history. Farragut's greatest victory was the Battle of Mobile...
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Colonel Carlos Alvarez de la Mesa (1828–1872) – Alvarez de la Mesa, a resident of Worcester, Mass., was a Spanish national who fought at Gettysburg for the Union Army in the Spanish Company of the "Garibaldi Guard" of the 39th New York State Volunteers. He received a stomach contusion at Gettysburg and was medically di...
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Colonel José Guadalupe Gallegos (1828–1867) – Gallegos was the Post Commander at Hatch Ranch on Nov 22, 1861. His unit was under special order 187, Nov 9, 1861 to construct a road between Las Vegas and Fort Union. Gallegos served as commander of the Third New Mexico Volunteer Infantry in the Army of the United States f...
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Confederate forces
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Colonel Ambrosio José Gonzales (1818–1893) – Gonzales, a native Cuban, settled in South Carolina. He was volunteering during the bombardment of Fort Sumter and became an inspector of coastal defences. In 1862 he was assigned as Chief of Artillery to the Department of South Carolina, Georgia and Florida. In 1864 he serv...
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Colonel Santos Benavides (1823–1891) – Benavides commanded the 33rd Texas Cavalry Regiment. He was the highest ranking Tejano in the Confederate Army. On March 19, 1864, he defended Laredo against the Union's First Texas Cavalry, whose commander was Colonel Edmund J. Davis, a Florida native who had previously offered B...
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Lieutenant Colonel Paul Francis de Gournay (1828–1904) – De Gournay was a Cuban who fought for independence from Spain and afterwards settled in Louisiana. In 1861 he equipped an artillery battery at his own expense and led it during the Peninsula Campaign in Virginia. Later he became the commander of the 12th Battalio...
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Hispanic women in the Civil War Many women participated in the American Civil War. Two of the most notable Hispanic women to participate in that conflict were Lola Sánchez and Loreta Janeta Velazquez''. The similarities between them were that both were Cuban born and both served for the Confederacy. However, the differ...
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Lola Sánchez (1844–1895) – Sánchez was born in Armstrong, Florida of Cuban descent. She became upset when her father was accused of being a Confederate spy by the Union Forces and sent to prison. This event angered and inspired her to become a Confederate spy. The Union Army had occupied her residence in Palatka, Flori...
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Medal of Honor The Medal of Honor is the highest military decoration awarded by the United States government. It is bestowed by the President in the name of Congress on members of the United States Armed Forces who distinguish themselves through "conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his or her life abov...
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Corporal Joseph H. De Castro (1844–1892) – De Castro served in Company I, 19th Massachusetts Infantry and was the first Hispanic-American Medal of Honor recipient. During the battle, De Castro attacked a confederate flag bearer from the 19th Virginia Infantry regiment, with the staff of his own colors and seized the op...
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Seaman Philip Bazaar – Bazaar was a resident of Massachusetts, who joined the Union Navy at New Bedford. He was assigned to the , a wooden, brigantine-rigged, side-wheel steamship under the command of Rear Admiral David D. Porter. In the latter part of 1864, Union General Ulysses S. Grant ordered an assault on Fort Fis...
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Hispanic Union units The 1st California Cavalry Battalion The 1st Battalion, Native California Cavalry, was raised in California in 1863-64 and served on the border in Arizona and New Mexico. All officers and non-commissioned officers had to be fluent in Spanish, and the language of command was Spanish. The Native Cali...
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The Garibaldi Guard, D Company "The Spanish Company" The 39th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment, also known as the "Garibaldi Guard", was mustered into the U. S. service at New York, May 28, 1861. The unit was composed of three Hungarian companies, three German, one Swiss, one Italian, one French, one Portuguese and...
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New Mexico Volunteer Infantry Regiment Mustered in August 1861, the New Mexico Volunteer Infantry Regiment was the Union Unit with the most officers of Hispanic background. On February 21, 1862, these units fought against Confederate Brigadier General Henry H. Sibley and his troops in the Battle of Valverde in February...
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Hispanic Confederate units
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European Brigades and the Louisiana Tigers The 5th Regiment of the "European Brigade" was a home guard brigade of New Orleans, Louisiana made up of 800 Hispanics who were descendants of immigrants from the Canary Islands. The brigade, under the command of Brigadier General William E. Starke, was assigned to defend the ...
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The following is a list of the names of some of the Hispanics officers of the 5th Regiment of the "European Brigade": Capt. Domingo Fatjo, Capt. Magin Puig, Capt. Jose Quintana, Capt. A. Pons Valencia, 1st Lt. Jose Albarez, 1st Lt. J. Barba, 1st Lt. John Fernandez, 1st Lt. S. J. Font, 1st Lt. Eduardo Villa, 1st Lt. Ant...
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Among the Hispanic officers of the "Cazadores Espanoles Regiment" are the following: Lt. Col. J. M. Anquera, Capt. Jose Anguera, Capt. S. G. Fabio, 2nd Lt. Ceferino Monasteria, 1st Lt. Vicente Planellas, 1st Lt. L. Roca and Surgeon Francisco Ribot.
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The Spanish Guards The home guard brigade of Mobile, Alabama, made of Hispanics, was called "The Spanish Guards". The guard served as part of the Mobile County Reserves. Even though it was disbanded on April 12, 1865, many of its men joined the other Confederate forces and surrendered with General Richard Taylor, at Ci...
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The following Hispanic officers served with the Alabama forces: Maj. F. A. Moreno, 1st Lt. Andrew J. Pou, 2nd Lt. Jerome Eslava and 2nd Lt,. M. Franciscoa. Lt. Col. William Baya and 2nd Lt. Francis Baya served with the Florida Infantry.
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Confederate units of Texas Besides serving in the "Benavides Regiment", many Hispanics who were from Texas served in other units of the Confederate Army. Known as Tejanos, they fought in the Battles of Gaines' Mill, Second Bull Run, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, the Wilderness, and Appomattox Court House as mem...
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Post-war After the war, the Confederate Army ceased to exist and many of the volunteer units of the Union were mustered out. Most of the former soldiers went home and returned to the civilian activities that they had prior to the war. Others continued in the military and joined the regular Army and Navy.
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Among the notable Hispanics who served in the war and who continued in the military was Admiral David Farragut. Farragut was promoted to admiral on July 25, 1866. His last active service was in command of the European Squadron from 1867 to 1868, with the screw frigate USS Franklin as his flagship. Farragut remained on ...
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Both brothers, Colonel Federico and Captain Adolfo Fernández Cavada were named US consuls in Cuba. Federico was appointed United States consul at Trinidad and his brother Adolfo appointed United States consul at Cienfuegos. Both brothers resigned their positions upon the Cuban insurrection against Spanish rule that bec...
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Federico was captured by the Spanish gunboat "Neptuno" in 1871 and taken to Puerto Principe. There he was tried the Spanish authorities and sentenced to die by firing squad. Federico was executed in July 1871. On December 18, 1871, Adolfo Fernández Cavada was killed in battle at the coffee estate "La Adelaida" near San...
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Among the veterans who entered politics were Brigadier General Diego Archuleta, who was named Indian Agent by President Abraham Lincoln and later served in the Mexico Legislature. Lieutenant Colonel José Franciso Cháves, who became the first Secretary of Education for New Mexico and Lieutenant Colonel Francisco Perea w...
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One of those who resumed their life as a civilian was Colonel José Guadalupe Gallegos. Prior to the war Gallegos served in the New Mexico Territorial Legislature between 1855 and 1861. He was one of the founding members of the Historical Society of New Mexico and a founding associate in the incorporation of the New Mex...
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Captain Luis F. Emilio went into the real estate business, first in San Francisco, and later in New York. Lieutenant Augusto Rodríguez became a firefighter in New Haven, proprietor of a cigar store, a bartender and saloon keeper. Medal of Honor recipient Corporal Joseph H. De Castro was employed by the NY Barge Office ...
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Colonel Ambrosio José Gonzales pursued a variety of vocations, all of which were marginally successful but, like many others, he never provided the security he sought for his extended family. His efforts were similar to those of other formerly wealthy Southerners who sought to recover their estates and social status. G...
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Major David Camden DeLeón moved to Mexico after the war. He returned to the United States at the request of President Ulysses S. Grant, and settled in New Mexico where he practiced medicine and wrote for medical journals.
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After the war, Confederate spy Loreta Janeta Velazquez a.k.a. "Lieutenant Harry Buford" wrote a Civil War memoir, about her exploits titled: "The Woman in Battle: A Narrative of the Exploits, Adventures, and Travels of Madame Loreta Janeta Velazquez, Otherwise Known as Lieutenant Harry T. Buford, Confederate States Arm...
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Hispanics in the American Civil War
Hispanic Americans in World War II Hispanic Admirals in the United States Navy Hispanics in the United States Navy Hispanics in the United States Coast Guard Hispanics in the United States Marine Corps Hispanics in the United States Air Force African Americans in the American Civil War German Americans in the Ameri...
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Alpha algorithm
The α-algorithm or α-miner is an algorithm used in process mining, aimed at reconstructing causality from a set of sequences of events. It was first put forward by van der Aalst, Weijters and Măruşter. The goal of Alpha miner is to convert the event log into a workflow-net based on the relations between various activit...
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Alpha algorithm
Alpha miner was the first process discovery algorithm ever proposed, and it gives a good overview of the aim of process discovery and how various activities within the process are executed. Alpha miner was also the basis for the development of many other process mining techniques such as heuristic miner, genetic mining...
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Alpha algorithm
Definitions used A workflow trace or execution trace is a string over an alphabet of tasks. A workflow log is a set of workflow traces. Event log Event log is the primary requirement for applying any process discovery algorithm. An event log consists of a unique identifier for a case, activity name describing the ac...
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Alpha algorithm
An event log is a multi set of traces, and a trace is a sequence of activities. Thus, an event log such as above can be represented using the following notation: Every event log can be boiled down into a multi-set of traces, and such traces can be further used to break down relationships between various activities in t...
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Alpha algorithm
Direct Succession: x > y if and only if some relation x is directly following by y. In our example, we can consider that A > B, A > E. Causality: x → y iff x > y and not y > x. In our example, we can consider that A → E. Parallel: x || y iff x > y and y > x. In our example, we have B || C. Choice: x # y iff not(x > ...
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Alpha algorithm
Patterns Sequence Pattern: A → B XOR-split Pattern: A → B, A → C, and B # C AND-split Pattern: A → B, A → C, and B || C
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Alpha algorithm
Description The alpha miner starts with converting an event log into directly-follows, sequence, parallel, and choice relations, and using them to create a petri net describing the process model. Initially the algorithm constructs a footprint matrix. Using the footprint matrix and the above shown pattern, one can const...
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Alpha algorithm
is the set of all pairs of maximal sets of tasks such that Neither and contain any members of > and is a subset of → contains one place for every member of , plus the input place and the output place The flow relation is the union of the following: The result is a Petri net structure with one input place ...
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Alpha algorithm
Properties It can be shown that in the case of a complete workflow log generated by a sound SWF net, the net generating it can be reconstructed. Complete means that its relation is maximal. It is not required that all possible traces be present (which would be countably infinite for a net with a loop). Limitations
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Alpha algorithm
Implicit places: Alpha miner cannot distinguish between implicit and required places and thus might result in additional non required places in the discovered petri net. Loops: Alpha miner cannot discover loops in the process model. Local dependencies are often missed in alpha miner. Representational bias: Alpha min...
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Network Q RAC Rally (video game)
Network Q RAC Rally (Rally in the US) is a rally computer game that is part of the Rally Championship series. The game was released for MS-DOS in November 1993. It was developed by British studio Pixelkraft and published by Europress Software, five years after Europress published the game Lombard RAC Rally, developed b...
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