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wiki_9300_chunk_0 | YopH, N-terminal | In molecular biology, YopH, N-terminal refers to an evolutionary conserved protein domain. This entry represents the N-terminal domain of YopH protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP). | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9301_chunk_0 | YopR bacterial protein domain | In molecular biology, YopR is a protein domain commonly found in gram negative bacteria, in particular Yersinia and is a core domain. Proteins in this entry are type III secretion system effectors. They are named differently in different species and in Yersinia has been designated YopR (Yersinia outer protein R) which ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9302_chunk_0 | YopR bacterial protein domain | This Yop protein is unusual in that it is released to the extracellular environment rather than injected directly into the target cell as are most Yop proteins. A hallmark of Yersinia type III machines is the presence of needles extending from the bacterial surface. Needles perform two functions, firstly, as a channel ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9303_chunk_0 | YqeY protein domain | In molecular biology, YqeY is a type of protein domain of unknown function. It is thought to have a role in protein synthesis, facilitating the production of charged transfer RNA used in the process of translating mRNA into protein. It is present as a domain of glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase (GlnRS) in almost all eukaryote... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9304_chunk_0 | Z12 small nucleolar RNA | In molecular biology, Z12 small nucleolar RNA is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar R... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9305_chunk_0 | Small nucleolar RNA Z248 | In molecular biology, Z248 is a member of the C/D class of snoRNA which contain the C (UGAUGA) and D (CUGA) box motifs. Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9306_chunk_0 | Z30 small nucleolar RNA | In molecular biology, Z30 small nucleolar RNA, also known as SNORD7, is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9307_chunk_0 | Z6 small nucleolar RNA | In molecular biology, Z6 small nucleolar RNA is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RN... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9308_chunk_0 | ZinT protein domain | In molecular biology, ZinT (formerly known as YodA) is a family of protein domains found in prokaryotes. The domain contains a single binding site that can accommodate a divalent cation, with a geometry suggestive of zinc binding. This family was first thought to be part of the bacterial response to a toxic heavy metal... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9309_chunk_0 | CAAT box | In molecular biology, a CCAAT box (also sometimes abbreviated a CAAT box or CAT box) is a distinct pattern of nucleotides with GGCCAATCT consensus sequence that occur upstream by 60–100 bases to the initial transcription site. The CAAT box signals the binding site for the RNA transcription factor, and is typically acco... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9310_chunk_0 | GC box | In molecular biology, a GC box, also known as a GSG box, is a distinct pattern of nucleotides found in the promoter region of some eukaryotic genes. The GC box is upstream of the TATA box, and approximately 110 bases upstream from the transcription initiation site. It has a consensus sequence GGGCGG which is position-d... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9311_chunk_0 | GC box | Some known GC box-binding proteins include Sp1, Krox/Egr, Wilms' tumor, MIGI, and CREA.The GC box is commonly the binding site for zinc finger proteins. An alpha helix section of the protein corresponds with a major groove in the DNA. Zinc-fingers bind to triplet base pair sequences, with residue 21 binding to the firs... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9312_chunk_0 | GC box | The triplet base pairs can either be a GGG or a GCG. If residue 18 is a histidine, it will bind to a G, and if residue 18 is a glutamate, it will bind to a C. GC box-binding zinc fingers have between 2 and 4 fingers, making them interact with base pair sequences that are 6 to 8 base pairs in length. == References == | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9313_chunk_0 | RING finger domain | In molecular biology, a RING (short for Really Interesting New Gene) finger domain is a protein structural domain of zinc finger type which contains a C3HC4 amino acid motif which binds two zinc cations (seven cysteines and one histidine arranged non-consecutively). This protein domain contains 40 to 60 amino acids. Ma... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9314_chunk_0 | SANT domain | In molecular biology, a SANT domain is a protein domain that allows many chromatin remodeling proteins to interact with histones. The name SANT is an acronym standing for "Swi3, Ada2, N-Cor, and TFIIIB". It is part of the extended SANT/Myb family. == References == | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9315_chunk_0 | Tudor domain | In molecular biology, a Tudor domain is a conserved protein structural domain originally identified in the Tudor protein encoded in Drosophila. The Tudor gene was found in a Drosophila screen for maternal factors that regulate embryonic development or fertility. Mutations here are lethal for offspring, inspiring the na... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9316_chunk_0 | Batch effects | In molecular biology, a batch effect occurs when non-biological factors in an experiment cause changes in the data produced by the experiment. Such effects can lead to inaccurate conclusions when their causes are correlated with one or more outcomes of interest in an experiment. They are common in many types of high-th... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9317_chunk_0 | Cap-independent translation element | In molecular biology, a cap-independent translation element (CITE or 3'CITE) is an RNA sequence found in the 3'UTR of many RNA plant viruses. Eukaryotic mRNAs contain a 5' cap structure which is required for efficient binding of translation initiation factors. Many viral mRNAs lack the 5' cap, animal virus mRNAs often ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9318_chunk_0 | Cap-independent translation element | Many plant viral mRNAs contain a cap-independent translation element. These elements mediate initiation of translation of the proteins encoded in the mRNA by either recruiting translation initiation factors or the 60S ribosomal subunit to the viral RNA. In RNA2 of Red clover necrotic mosaic virus (RCNMV) the cap-indepe... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9319_chunk_0 | Carbohydrate-binding module | In molecular biology, a carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) is a protein domain found in carbohydrate-active enzymes (for example glycoside hydrolases). The majority of these domains have carbohydrate-binding activity. Some of these domains are found on cellulosomal scaffoldin proteins. CBMs were previously known as cell... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9320_chunk_0 | Carbohydrate-binding module | CBMs are classified into numerous families, based on amino acid sequence similarity. There are currently (June 2011) 64 families of CBM in the CAZy database.CBMs of microbial glycoside hydrolases play a central role in the recycling of photosynthetically fixed carbon through their binding to specific plant structural p... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9321_chunk_0 | Carbohydrate-binding module | CBMs can recognise both crystalline and amorphous cellulose forms. CBMs are the most common non-catalytic modules associated with enzymes active in plant cell-wall hydrolysis. Many putative CBMs have been identified by amino acid sequence alignments but only a few representatives have been shown experimentally to have ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9322_chunk_0 | Chromatosome | In molecular biology, a chromatosome is a result of histone H1 binding to a nucleosome, which contains a histone octamer and DNA. The chromatosome contains 166 base pairs of DNA. 146 base pairs are from the DNA wrapped around the histone core of the nucleosome. The remaining 20 base pairs are from the DNA of histone H1... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9323_chunk_0 | Chromatosome | Histone H1, and its other variants, are referred to as linker histones. Protruding from the linker histone are linker DNA. Chromatosomes are connected to each other when the linker DNA of one chromatosome binds to the linker histone of another chromatosome. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9324_chunk_0 | D-loop | In molecular biology, a displacement loop or D-loop is a DNA structure where the two strands of a double-stranded DNA molecule are separated for a stretch and held apart by a third strand of DNA. An R-loop is similar to a D-loop, but in this case the third strand is RNA rather than DNA. The third strand has a base sequ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9325_chunk_0 | Downstream promoter element | In molecular biology, a downstream promoter element (DPE) is a core promoter element. Like all core promoters, the DPE plays an important role in the initiation of gene transcription by RNA polymerase II. The DPE was first described by T. W. Burke and James T. Kadonaga in Drosophila melanogaster at the University of Ca... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9326_chunk_0 | Guanine tetrad | In molecular biology, a guanine tetrad (also known as a G-tetrad or G-quartet) is a structure composed of four guanine bases in a square planar array. They most prominently contribute to the structure of G-quadruplexes, where their hydrogen bonding stabilizes the structure. Usually, there are at least two guanine tetra... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9327_chunk_0 | Guanine tetrad | Guanine tetrads are not always stable, but the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA can assist in stability of the guanine tetrads themselves. Guanine tetrads are more stable when stacked, as intermolecular forces between each layers help stabilize them.Guanine tetrads can also influence recombination, replication, and tran... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9328_chunk_0 | Histone octamer | In molecular biology, a histone octamer is the eight-protein complex found at the center of a nucleosome core particle. It consists of two copies of each of the four core histone proteins (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4). The octamer assembles when a tetramer, containing two copies of H3 and two of H4, complexes with two H2A/H2B... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9329_chunk_0 | Radioactive probes | In molecular biology, a hybridization probe (HP) is a fragment of DNA or RNA of usually 15–10000 nucleotide long which can be radioactively or fluorescently labeled. HP can be used to detect the presence of nucleotide sequences in analyzed RNA or DNA that are complementary to the sequence in the probe. The labeled prob... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9330_chunk_0 | Radioactive probes | Commonly used markers are 32P (a radioactive isotope of phosphorus incorporated into the phosphodiester bond in the probe DNA), digoxigenin, a non-radioactive, antibody-based marker, biotin or fluorescein. DNA sequences or RNA transcripts that have moderate to high sequence similarity to the probe are then detected by ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9331_chunk_0 | Radioactive probes | Detection of sequences with moderate or high similarity depends on how stringent the hybridization conditions were applied—high stringency, such as high hybridization temperature and low salt in hybridization buffers, permits only hybridization between nucleic acid sequences that are highly similar, whereas low stringe... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9332_chunk_0 | Radioactive probes | In order to increase the in vivo stability of the probe RNA is not used. Instead, RNA analogues may be used, in particular morpholino- derivatives. Molecular DNA- or RNA-based probes are routinely used in screening gene libraries, detecting nucleotide sequences with blotting methods, and in other gene technologies, suc... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9333_chunk_0 | Library (biology) | In molecular biology, a library is a collection of DNA fragments that is stored and propagated in a population of micro-organisms through the process of molecular cloning. There are different types of DNA libraries, including cDNA libraries (formed from reverse-transcribed RNA), genomic libraries (formed from genomic D... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9334_chunk_0 | Phage major coat protein | In molecular biology, a phage major coat protein is an alpha-helical protein that forms a viral envelope of filamentous bacteriophages. These bacteriophages are flexible rods, about one to two micrometres long and six nm in diameter, with a helical shell of protein subunits surrounding a DNA core. The approximately 50-... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9335_chunk_0 | Polynucleotide | In molecular biology, a polynucleotide (from Ancient Greek πολυς (polys) 'many') is a biopolymer composed of 13 nucleotide monomers, covalently bonded in a chain. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid) are examples of polynucleotides with distinct biological functions. DNA consists of two chains of poly... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9336_chunk_0 | Primosome | In molecular biology, a primosome is a protein complex responsible for creating RNA primers on single stranded DNA during DNA replication. The primosome consists of seven proteins: DnaG primase, DnaB helicase, DnaC helicase assistant, DnaT, PriA, Pri B, and PriC. At each replication fork, the primosome is utilized once... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9337_chunk_0 | Primosome | The primosome attaches 1-10 RNA nucleotides to the single stranded DNA creating a DNA-RNA hybrid. This sequence of RNA is used as a primer to initiate DNA polymerase III. The RNA bases are ultimately replaced with DNA bases by RNase H nuclease (eukaryotes) or DNA polymerase I nuclease (prokaryotes). | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9338_chunk_0 | Primosome | DNA Ligase then acts to join the two ends together. Assembly of the Escherichia coli primosome requires six proteins, PriA, PriB, PriC, DnaB, DnaC, and DnaT, acting at a primosome assembly site (pas) on an SSBcoated single-stranded (8s) DNA. Assembly is initiated by interactions of PriA and PriB with ssDNA and the pas. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9339_chunk_0 | Primosome | PriC, DnaB, DnaC, and DnaT then act on the PriAPriB- DNA complex to yield the primosome.Primosomes are nucleoproteins assemblies that activate DNA replication forks. Their primary role is to recruit the replicative helicase onto single-stranded DNA. The "replication restart" primosome, defined in Escherichia coli, is i... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9340_chunk_0 | Primosome | Binding of the PriA protein to forked DNA triggers its assembly. PriA is conserved in bacteria, but its primosomal partners are not. In Bacillus subtilis, genetic analysis has revealed three primosomal proteins, DnaB, DnaD, and DnaI, that have no obvious homologues in E. coli. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9341_chunk_0 | Primosome | They are involved in primosome function both at arrested replication forks and at the chromosomal origin. Our biochemical analysis of the DnaB and DnaD proteins unravels their role in primosome assembly. They are both multimeric and bind individually to DNA. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9342_chunk_0 | Primosome | Furthermore, DnaD stimulates DnaB binding activities. DnaD alone and the DnaD/DnaB pair interact specifically with PriA of B. subtilis on several DNA substrates. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9343_chunk_0 | Primosome | This suggests that the nucleoprotein assembly is sequential in the PriA, DnaD, DnaB order. The preferred DNA substrate mimics an arrested DNA replication fork with unreplicated lagging strand, structurally identical to a product of recombinational repair of a stalled replication fork. == References == | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9344_chunk_0 | Protein domain | In molecular biology, a protein domain is a region of a protein's polypeptide chain that is self-stabilizing and that folds independently from the rest. Each domain forms a compact folded three-dimensional structure. Many proteins consist of several domains, and a domain may appear in a variety of different proteins. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9345_chunk_0 | Protein domain | Molecular evolution uses domains as building blocks and these may be recombined in different arrangements to create proteins with different functions. In general, domains vary in length from between about 50 amino acids up to 250 amino acids in length. The shortest domains, such as zinc fingers, are stabilized by metal... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9346_chunk_0 | Reading frame | In molecular biology, a reading frame is a way of dividing the sequence of nucleotides in a nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) molecule into a set of consecutive, non-overlapping triplets. Where these triplets equate to amino acids or stop signals during translation, they are called codons. A single strand of a nucleic acid mol... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9347_chunk_0 | Reading frame | There are three reading frames that can be read in this 5′→3′ direction, each beginning from a different nucleotide in a triplet. In a double stranded nucleic acid, an additional three reading frames may be read from the other, complementary strand in the 5′→3′ direction along this strand. As the two strands of a doubl... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9348_chunk_0 | Reporter gene | In molecular biology, a reporter gene (often simply reporter) is a gene that researchers attach to a regulatory sequence of another gene of interest in bacteria, cell culture, animals or plants. Such genes are called reporters because the characteristics they confer on organisms expressing them are easily identified an... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9349_chunk_0 | Scissile bond | In molecular biology, a scissile bond is a covalent chemical bond that can be broken by an enzyme. Examples would be the cleaved bond in the self-cleaving hammerhead ribozyme or the peptide bond of a substrate cleaved by a peptidase. == References == | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9350_chunk_0 | Termination factor | In molecular biology, a termination factor is a protein that mediates the termination of RNA transcription by recognizing a transcription terminator and causing the release of the newly made mRNA. This is part of the process that regulates the transcription of RNA to preserve gene expression integrity and are present i... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9351_chunk_0 | Transcription factor | In molecular biology, a transcription factor (TF) (or sequence-specific DNA-binding factor) is a protein that controls the rate of transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA, by binding to a specific DNA sequence. The function of TFs is to regulate—turn on and off—genes in order to make sure that th... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9352_chunk_0 | Transcription factor | Transcription factors are members of the proteome as well as regulome. TFs work alone or with other proteins in a complex, by promoting (as an activator), or blocking (as a repressor) the recruitment of RNA polymerase (the enzyme that performs the transcription of genetic information from DNA to RNA) to specific genes.... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9353_chunk_0 | Twintron | In molecular biology, a twintron is an intron-within-intron excised by sequential splicing reactions. A twintron is presumably formed by the insertion of a mobile intron into an existing intron. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9354_chunk_0 | Acetate kinase | In molecular biology, acetate kinase (EC 2.7.2.1), which is predominantly found in micro-organisms, facilitates the production of acetyl-CoA by phosphorylating acetate in the presence of ATP and a divalent cation. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play a major role in carbon cycle and can be utilized as a source of carbo... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9355_chunk_0 | Acetate kinase | Inhibition of StTdcD by tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates such as citrate, succinate, α-ketoglutarate and malate suggests that the enzyme could be under plausible feedback regulation. Crystal structures of StTdcD bound to PO4 (phosphate), AMP, ATP, Ap4 (adenosine tetraphosphate), GMP, GDP, GTP, CMP and CTP r... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9356_chunk_0 | Acetate kinase | Molecular dynamics simulations on monomeric and dimeric forms of StTdcD revealed plausible open and closed states, and also suggested role for dimerization in stabilizing segment 235-290 involved in interfacial interactions and ligand binding. Observation of an ethylene glycol molecule bound sufficiently close to the γ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9357_chunk_0 | Acetate kinase | The growth of a bacterial mutant lacking acetate kinase has been shown to be inhibited by glucose, suggesting that the enzyme is involved in excretion of excess carbohydrate. A related enzyme, butyrate kinase, facilitates the formation of butyryl-CoA by phosphorylating butyrate in the presence of ATP to form butyryl ph... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9358_chunk_0 | Adenylosuccinate synthetase | In molecular biology, adenylosuccinate synthase (or adenylosuccinate synthetase) (EC 6.3.4.4) is an enzyme that plays an important role in purine biosynthesis, by catalysing the guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-dependent conversion of inosine monophosphate (IMP) and aspartic acid to guanosine diphosphate (GDP), phosphate a... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9359_chunk_0 | Aerolysin | In molecular biology, aerolysin is a cytolytic pore-forming toxin exported by Aeromonas hydrophila, a Gram-negative bacterium associated with diarrhoeal diseases and deep wound infections. The mature toxin binds to eukaryotic cells and aggregates to form holes (approximately 3 nm in diameter) leading to the destruction... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9360_chunk_0 | Alanine scanning | In molecular biology, alanine scanning is a site-directed mutagenesis technique used to determine the contribution of a specific residue to the stability or function of a given protein. Alanine is used because of its non-bulky, chemically inert, methyl functional group that nevertheless mimics the secondary structure p... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9361_chunk_0 | Alanine scanning | The technology is very mature at this point and is widely used in biochemical fields. The data can be tested by IR, NMR Spectroscopy, mathematical methods, bioassays, etc.One good example of alanine scanning is the examination of the role of charged residues on the surface of proteins. In a systematic study on the role... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9362_chunk_0 | Alpha amylase inhibitor | In molecular biology, alpha-amylase inhibitor (or α-...) is a protein family which inhibits mammalian alpha-amylases specifically, by forming a tight stoichiometric 1:1 complex with alpha-amylase. This family of inhibitors has no action on plant and microbial alpha amylases. A crystal structure has been determined for ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9363_chunk_0 | Anfinsen cage | In molecular biology, an Anfinsen cage is a model for protein folding used by some cells to improve the production speed and yield of accurate products. Space within a cell is generally limited, and a protein's folding process can be interrupted or modified if it wanders too close to outside forces while it is still in... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9364_chunk_0 | Anfinsen cage | These cages can also serve to isolate incorrectly formed proteins that may otherwise affect other processes if it were allowed to float freely. The model is named after Christian B. Anfinsen who first showed in vitro that pure denatured proteins will sometimes refold spontaneously without an energy source. == Reference... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9365_chunk_0 | Actomyosin ring | In molecular biology, an actomyosin contractile ring is a prominent structure during cytokinesis. It forms perpendicular to the axis of the spindle apparatus towards the end of telophase, in which sister chromatids are identically separated at the opposite sides of the spindle forming nuclei (Figure 1). The actomyosin ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9366_chunk_0 | Actomyosin ring | During this process, actin filaments are degraded, preserving the thickness of the ring. After cytokinesis is complete, one of the two daughter cells inherits a remnant known as the midbody ring.Activation of the cell-cycle kinase (e.g. Rho-kinases) during telophase initiates constriction of the actomyosin ring by crea... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9367_chunk_0 | Amplicon sequencing | In molecular biology, an amplicon is a piece of DNA or RNA that is the source and/or product of amplification or replication events. It can be formed artificially, using various methods including polymerase chain reactions (PCR) or ligase chain reactions (LCR), or naturally through gene duplication. In this context, am... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9368_chunk_0 | Amplicon sequencing | As it refers to the product of an amplification reaction, amplicon is used interchangeably with common laboratory terms, such as "PCR product." Artificial amplification is used in research, forensics, and medicine for purposes that include detection and quantification of infectious agents, identification of human remai... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9369_chunk_0 | Annexin A5 affinity assay | In molecular biology, an annexin A5 affinity assay is a test to quantify the number of cells undergoing apoptosis. The assay uses the protein annexin A5 to tag apoptotic and dead cells, and the numbers are then counted using either flow cytometry or a fluorescence microscope.The annexin a5 protein binds to apoptotic ce... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9370_chunk_0 | Arginine finger | In molecular biology, an arginine finger is an amino acid residue of some enzymes. Arginine fingers are often found in the protein superfamily of AAA+ ATPases, GTPases, and dUTPases, where they assist in the catalysis of the gamma phosphate or gamma and beta phosphates from ATP or GTP, which creates a release of energy... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9371_chunk_0 | Exonic splicing enhancers | In molecular biology, an exonic splicing enhancer (ESE) is a DNA sequence motif consisting of 6 bases within an exon that directs, or enhances, accurate splicing of heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA) or pre-mRNA into messenger RNA (mRNA). | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9372_chunk_0 | Inducer | In molecular biology, an inducer is a molecule that regulates gene expression. An inducer functions in two ways; namely: By disabling repressors. The gene is expressed because an inducer binds to the repressor. The binding of the inducer to the repressor prevents the repressor from binding to the operator. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9373_chunk_0 | Inducer | RNA polymerase can then begin to transcribe operon genes. By binding to activators. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9374_chunk_0 | Inducer | Activators generally bind poorly to activator DNA sequences unless an inducer is present. Activator binds to an inducer and the complex binds to the activation sequence and activates target gene. Removing the inducer stops transcription.Because a small inducer molecule is required, the increased expression of the targe... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9375_chunk_0 | Interactome | In molecular biology, an interactome is the whole set of molecular interactions in a particular cell. The term specifically refers to physical interactions among molecules (such as those among proteins, also known as protein–protein interactions, PPIs; or between small molecules and proteins) but can also describe sets... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9376_chunk_0 | Intrinsically disordered proteins | In molecular biology, an intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) is a protein that lacks a fixed or ordered three-dimensional structure, typically in the absence of its macromolecular interaction partners, such as other proteins or RNA. IDPs range from fully unstructured to partially structured and include random coil, ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9377_chunk_0 | Gene oscillations | In molecular biology, an oscillating gene is a gene that is expressed in a rhythmic pattern or in periodic cycles. Oscillating genes are usually circadian and can be identified by periodic changes in the state of an organism. Circadian rhythms, controlled by oscillating genes, have a period of approximately 24 hours. F... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9378_chunk_0 | Chimera (molecular biology) | In molecular biology, and more importantly high-throughput DNA sequencing, a chimera is a single DNA sequence originating when multiple transcripts or DNA sequences get joined. Chimeras can be considered artifacts and be filtered out from the data during processing to prevent spurious inferences of biological variation... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9379_chunk_0 | Chimera (molecular biology) | In a different context, the deliberate creation of artificial chimeras can also be a useful tool in molecular biology. For example, in protein engineering, "chimeragenesis" (forming chimeras between proteins that are encoded by homologous cDNAs) is one of the "two major techniques used to manipulate cDNA sequences". Fo... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9380_chunk_0 | Apical membrane antigen 1 | In molecular biology, apical membrane antigen 1 is a novel antigen of Plasmodium falciparum which has been cloned. It contains a hydrophobic domain typical of an integral membrane protein. The antigen is designated apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA-1) by virtue of appearing to be located in the apical complex. AMA-1 appea... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9381_chunk_0 | Apical membrane antigen 1 | The 66kDa merozoite surface antigen (PK66) of Plasmodium knowlesi, a simian malaria, possesses vaccine-related properties believed to originate from a receptor-like role in parasite invasion of erythrocytes. The sequence of PK66 is conserved throughout Plasmodium, and shows high similarity to P. falciparum AMA-1. Follo... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9382_chunk_0 | Apovitellenin-1 | In molecular biology, apovitellenin-1 is a family of proteins found in birds. As part of the avian reproductive effort, large quantities of triglyceride-rich very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles are transported by receptor-mediated endocytosis into the female germ cells, apovitellenin-1 is a protein component ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9383_chunk_0 | ATG3 | In molecular biology, autophagy related 3 (Atg3) is the E2 enzyme for the LC3 lipidation process. It is essential for autophagy. The super protein complex, the Atg16L complex, consists of multiple Atg12-Atg5 conjugates. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9384_chunk_0 | ATG3 | Atg16L has an E3-like role in the LC3 lipidation reaction. The activated intermediate, LC3-Atg3 (E2), is recruited to the site where the lipidation takes place.Atg3 catalyses the conjugation of Atg8 and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Atg3 has an alpha/beta-fold, and its core region is topologically similar to canonical... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9385_chunk_0 | ATG3 | Atg3 has two regions inserted in the core region and another with a long alpha-helical structure that protrudes from the core region as far as 30 A. It interacts with atg8 through an intermediate thioester bond between Cys-288 and the C-terminal Gly of atg8. It also interacts with the C-terminal region of the E1-like a... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9386_chunk_0 | ATG3 | Atg3 is a ubiquitin like modifier that is topologically similar to the canonical E2 enzyme. It catalyses the conjugation of Atg8 and phosphatidylethanolamine.Atg3 consists of three domains, an N-terminal domain, a catalytic domain and a C-terminal domain. The catalytic domain contains a cysteine residue within an HPC m... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9387_chunk_0 | Autochaperone | In molecular biology, autotransporter proteins are proteins secreted out the Gram-negative bacteria. These beta helixes require a domain which is called the intramolecular autochaperone domain. It shows similarities with other intramolecular chaperone sequences and has a folding-associated function. This increases the ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9388_chunk_0 | Bacterial DNA binding protein | In molecular biology, bacterial DNA binding proteins are a family of small, usually basic proteins of about 90 residues that bind DNA and are known as histone-like proteins. Since bacterial binding proteins have a diversity of functions, it has been difficult to develop a common function for all of them. They are commo... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9389_chunk_0 | Bacterial DNA binding protein | Eukaryotic histones package DNA to help it to fit in the nucleus, and they are known to be the most conserved proteins in nature. Examples include the HU protein in Escherichia coli, a dimer of closely related alpha and beta chains and in other bacteria can be a dimer of identical chains. HU-type proteins have been fou... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9390_chunk_0 | Bacteriophage scaffolding proteins | In molecular biology, bacteriophage scaffolding proteins are proteins involved in bacteriophage assembly. The assembly of a macromolecular structure proceeds via a specific pathway of ordered events and involves conformational changes in the proteins as they join the assembly. The assembly process is aided by scaffoldi... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9391_chunk_0 | Bacteriophage scaffolding proteins | 240 copies of protein D form the external scaffold, while 60 copies of protein B form the internal scaffold. The role of scaffolding protein D is in the production of viral single-stranded RNA. == References == | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9392_chunk_0 | Barrier-to-autointegration factor | In molecular biology, barrier-to-autointegration factor (BAF) is a family of essential proteins that is highly conserved in metazoan evolution, and which may act as DNA-bridging proteins. BAF binds directly to double-stranded DNA, to transcription activators, and to inner nuclear membrane proteins, including lamin A fi... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9393_chunk_0 | Binding domain | In molecular biology, binding domain is a protein domain which binds to a specific atom or molecule, such as calcium or DNA. A protein domain is a part of a protein sequence and a tertiary structure that can change or evolve, function, and live by itself independent of the rest of the protein chain. Upon binding, prote... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9394_chunk_0 | Biochip | In molecular biology, biochips are engineered substrates ("miniaturized laboratories") that can host large numbers of simultaneous biochemical reactions. One of the goals of biochip technology is to efficiently screen large numbers of biological analytes, with potential applications ranging from disease diagnosis to de... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9395_chunk_0 | Biological synthesis | In molecular biology, biosynthesis is a multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed process where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms. In biosynthesis, simple compounds are modified, converted into other compounds, or joined to form macromolecules. This process often consists of metabolic pathways. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9396_chunk_0 | Biological synthesis | The prerequisite elements for biosynthesis include: precursor compounds, chemical energy (e.g. ATP), and catalytic enzymes which may need coenzymes (e.g. NADH, NADPH). These elements create monomers, the building blocks for macromolecules. Some important biological macromolecules include: proteins, which are composed o... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9397_chunk_0 | Calmodulin binding domain | In molecular biology, calmodulin binding domain (CaMBD) is a protein domain found in small-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (SK channels). These channels are independent of voltage and gated solely by intracellular Ca2+. They are heteromeric complexes that comprise pore-forming alpha-subunits and the Ca... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9398_chunk_0 | Cia-dependent small RNAs | In molecular biology, cia-dependent small RNAs (csRNAs) are small RNAs produced by Streptococci. These RNAs are part of the regulon of the CiaRH two-component regulatory system. Two of these RNAs, csRNA4 and csRNA5, have been shown to affect stationary-phase autolysis. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
wiki_9399_chunk_0 | Cob(I)yrinic acid a,c-diamide adenosyltransferase | In molecular biology, cob(I)yrinic acid a,c-diamide adenosyltransferase (also known as ATP:cob(I)alamin adenosyltransferase or ATP:corrinoid adenosyltransferase) EC 2.5.1.17 is an enzyme which catalyses the conversion of cobalamin (vitamin B12) into one of its coenzyme forms, adenosylcobalamin (coenzyme B12, AdoCbl). A... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
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