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wiki_7093_chunk_7 | Two-port network | Figure 3 shows a bipolar current mirror with emitter resistors to increase its output resistance. Transistor Q1 is diode connected, which is to say its collector-base voltage is zero. Figure 4 shows the small-signal circuit equivalent to Figure 3. Transistor Q1 is represented by its emitter resistance rE ≈ VT/IE (VT is... | wikipedia |
wiki_6999_chunk_14 | Foreign exchange option | The earliest currency options pricing model was published by Biger and Hull, (Financial Management, spring 1983). The model preceded the Garmam and Kolhagen's Model. In 1983 Garman and Kohlhagen extended the Black–Scholes model to cope with the presence of two interest rates (one for each currency). Suppose that is th... | wikipedia |
wiki_565_chunk_11 | Semantic network | SciCrunch is a collaboratively edited knowledge base for scientific resources. It provides unambiguous identifiers (Research Resource IDentifiers or RRIDs) for software, lab tools etc. and it also provides options to create links between RRIDs and from communities. Another example of semantic networks, based on categor... | wikipedia |
wiki_2261_chunk_8 | Polymorphism (computer science) | data List a = Nil | Cons a (List a) length :: List a -> Integer
length Nil = 0
length (Cons x xs) = 1 + length xs map :: (a -> b) -> List a -> List b
map f Nil = Nil
map f (Cons x xs) = Cons (f x) (map f xs) Parametric polymorphism is also available in several object-oriented languages. For instance, te... | wikipedia |
wiki_22864_chunk_1 | Compile-time function execution | If the value of only some of the arguments are known, the compiler may still be able to perform some level of compile-time function execution (partial evaluation), possibly producing more optimized code than if no arguments were known. Examples
The Lisp macro system is an early example of the use of compile-time evalua... | wikipedia |
wiki_34205_chunk_42 | Wiles's proof of Fermat's Last Theorem | Among the introductory presentations are an email which Ribet sent in 1993; Hesselink's quick review of top-level issues, which gives just the elementary algebra and avoids abstract algebra; or Daney's web page, which provides a set of his own notes and lists the current books available on the subject. Weston attempts ... | wikipedia |
wiki_25948_chunk_2 | Listing (computer) | Assembly-code listings are occasionally analysed by programmers who want to understand how a compiler is translating their source code into assembly language. For example, the GNU C Compiler (gcc) will produce an assembly code listing if it is invoked with the command-line option -S. Listings of computer programs are s... | wikipedia |
wiki_2861_chunk_28 | Cooley–Tukey FFT algorithm | The following is pseudocode for iterative radix-2 FFT algorithm implemented using bit-reversal permutation.
algorithm iterative-fft is
input: Array a of n complex values where n is a power of 2.
output: Array A the DFT of a.
bit-reverse-copy(a, A)
n ← a.length
for s = 1 to log(n) do
... | wikipedia |
wiki_12069_chunk_8 | Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records | Further reading
Karen Coyle, FRBR Before and After, online, CC-BY license. American Library Association, 2015.
IFLA Study Group on the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records. Functional requirements for bibliographic records : final report. — München: K.G. Saur, 1998. — (UBCIM publications ; new series, vo... | wikipedia |
wiki_10308_chunk_10 | Kozloduy Nuclear Power Plant | In 2013 the Austrian Environment Agency prepared a report on the Bulgarian Ministry for the Environment's Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) on the proposed 7th unit of the Kozloduy Nuclear Power Plant. It assesses whether the EIA-Report allows for making reliable conclusions about the potential trans-boundary impac... | wikipedia |
wiki_11322_chunk_10 | Proof complexity | For many weak proof systems it is known that they do not simulate certain stronger systems (see below). However, the question remains open if the notion of simulation is relaxed. For example, it is open whether Resolution effectively polynomially simulates Extended Frege. Automatability of proof search An important que... | wikipedia |
wiki_24188_chunk_26 | Model of hierarchical complexity | Algebra (Commons, Giri, & Harrigan, 2014)
Animal stages (Commons & Miller, 2004)
Atheism (Commons-Miller, 2005)
Attachment and loss (Commons, 1991; Miller & Lee, 2000)
Balance beam and pendulum (Commons, Goodheart, & Bresette, 1995; Commons, Giri, & Harrigan, 2014)
Contingencies of reinforcement (Commons & Giri, 2... | wikipedia |
wiki_34020_chunk_33 | Merit Network | Merit's statewide fiber-optic network strategy began to take shape when:
in 2003 a fiber ring was deployed in Lansing;
in 2003 Michigan State University, the University of Michigan, and Wayne State University launched the Michigan LambdaRail Network (MiLR) project to link the campuses to each other and to Chicago us... | wikipedia |
wiki_30349_chunk_30 | Global Energy and Water Exchanges | The GEWEX project has been in existence for over 30 years, and while some climate oscillations are short, such as El-Nino, some climate oscillations last for decades, such as the North Atlantic Oscillation. Some have proposed extrapolating pre-GEWEX information using new information and measurements taken with pre-GEWE... | wikipedia |
wiki_35835_chunk_23 | Journal of Cell Biology | An update to the software in August 2012 allows the user to smoothly transition from 1 millimeter to 1 micrometer magnification of images assembled from optical and electron microscopes. As an example, they provide a complete image of a zebrafish embryo. References External links
JCB DataViewer
RU Press
Facebook
... | wikipedia |
wiki_682_chunk_32 | Optimizing compiler | Tail call optimization A function call consumes stack space and involves some overhead related to parameter passing and flushing the instruction cache. Tail recursive algorithms can be converted to iteration through a process called tail recursion elimination or tail call optimization. Deforestation (data structure fus... | wikipedia |
wiki_15563_chunk_1 | Proxy (statistics) | Examples
In social sciences, proxy measurements are often required to stand in for variables that cannot be directly measured. This process of standing in is also known as operationalization. Per-capita gross domestic product (GDP) is often used as a proxy for measures of standard of living or quality of life. Montgo... | wikipedia |
wiki_33155_chunk_6 | Complexity index | See also Rademacher complexity for a recently introduced class complexity index. Example: continuous spaces
Class C of circles in has detail , as shown in the picture on left below. Similarly, for the class of segments on , as shown in the picture on right. Example: discrete spaces
The class on whose concepts are... | wikipedia |
wiki_18947_chunk_3 | Addison-Wesley Secondary Math: An Integrated Approach: Focus on Algebra | What other kinds of pollution besides air pollution might threaten our planet? [page 163, in the introduction to 3-1 Functional Relationships]
Each year the Oilfield Chili Appreciation Society holds a chili cook-off. . . . 1. The chili cook-off raises money for charity. Describe some ways the organizers could raise mo... | wikipedia |
wiki_33620_chunk_4 | Michigan State University College of Engineering | The professional or student-run groups and organizations available in the college are listed below.
American Association of Blacks in Energy(AABE)
American Institute for Chemical Engineers (AIChE)
American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE)
American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
American... | wikipedia |
wiki_2654_chunk_3 | Parameter (computer programming) | Example
The following program in the C programming language defines a function that is named "SalesTax" and has one parameter named "price". The type of price is "double" (i.e. a double-precision floating point number). The function's return type is also a double.
double SalesTax(double price)
{
return 0.05 * price;
... | wikipedia |
wiki_30779_chunk_6 | Computational geophysics | Elsewhere, Rice University has a Center for Computational Geophysics, while Princeton University, the University of Texas, and California Institute of Technology have similar research centers. Experts, laboratories, projects, internships, undergraduate programs, graduate programs and/or facilities in the program exis... | wikipedia |
wiki_6721_chunk_31 | Directorate-General for European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations | European Parliament Report
The Committee on Development (CD) of the EP commissioned the Overseas Development Institute to undertake a project on the effectiveness of international development assistance from the European Commission in 2010. The project focused on the cases of Cambodia, Mozambique and Peru. The findings... | wikipedia |
wiki_19897_chunk_4 | Software evolution | Software evolution has been greatly impacted by the Internet: the rapid growth of World Wide Web and Internet Resources make it easier for users and engineers to find related information. open source development where anybody could download the source codes and hence modify it has enabled fast and parallel evolution (t... | wikipedia |
wiki_217_chunk_79 | Euclidean algorithm | Combining the estimated number of steps with the estimated computational expense per step shows that the Euclid's algorithm grows quadratically (h2) with the average number of digits h in the initial two numbers a and b. Let h0, h1, ..., hN−1 represent the number of digits in the successive remainders r0, r1, ..., rN−1... | wikipedia |
wiki_13393_chunk_29 | Proof of impossibility | Can this string be compressed? Chaitin's proof For an exposition suitable for non-specialists see Beltrami p. 108ff. Also see Franzen Chapter 8 pp. 137–148, and Davis pp. 263–266. Franzén's discussion is significantly more complicated than Beltrami's and delves into Ω—Gregory Chaitin's so-called "halting probability". ... | wikipedia |
wiki_25055_chunk_7 | Javan warty pig | The most recent conservation project, through the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums, aims to capture healthy Javan warty pigs and breed them in captivity. The offspring of this program are then supposed to be released into protected habitats. This method of reintroduction of the offspring will ensure the long-ter... | wikipedia |
wiki_12142_chunk_10 | Open Invention Network | Inter partes review is a procedure for challenging the validity of an issued patent owned by a third party. By challenging patents with IPRs, the Linux and broader open source community can help to eliminate them. Unified Patents has successfully invalidated a number of patents using Inter Partes Review.
Third-Party P... | wikipedia |
wiki_16629_chunk_7 | List of Georgia Confederate Civil War units | Other units
1st (Fannin's) Reserves
1st (Symons') Reserves
1st Battalion, Reserves, Artillery
1st Battalion, Reserves, Cavalry
1st Battalion, Reserves, Infantry
1st City Battalion, Infantry (Columbus)
1st Confederate Battalion, Infantry
1st Local Troops, Infantry
1st Militia
1st Ordnance Battalion
1... | wikipedia |
wiki_2017_chunk_3 | Scale-free network | Recent interest in scale-free networks started in 1999 with work by Albert-László Barabási and colleagues at the University of Notre Dame who mapped the topology of a portion of the World Wide Web, finding that some nodes, which they called "hubs", had many more connections than others and that the network as a whole h... | wikipedia |
wiki_27680_chunk_0 | Ultracomputer | The New York University's Ultracomputer is a significant processor design in the history of parallel computing. The system has N processors, N memories, and an N log N message-passing switch connecting them. The system supported an innovative fetch-and-add process coordination instruction, and the custom VLSI network ... | wikipedia |
wiki_14026_chunk_10 | Physics beyond the Standard Model | Koide formula - an unexplained empirical equation remarked upon by Yoshio Koide in 1981, and later by others. It relates the masses of the three charged leptons: . Standard Model does not predict masses of leptons (they are free parameters of the theory). However, the value of Koide formula being equal to 2/3 within ex... | wikipedia |
wiki_9097_chunk_8 | The Civilizing Process | A particular criticism of The Civilizing Process was formulated by German ethnologist and cultural anthropologist Hans Peter Duerr in his 5-volume Der Mythos vom Zivilisationsprozeß (1988–2002), pointing out there existed plenty of social restrictions and regulations in Western culture and elsewhere since long before t... | wikipedia |
wiki_942_chunk_13 | CYK algorithm | Using the Coppersmith–Winograd algorithm for multiplying these matrices, this gives an asymptotic worst-case running time of . However, the constant term hidden by the Big O Notation is so large that the Coppersmith–Winograd algorithm is only worthwhile for matrices that are too large to handle on present-day computers... | wikipedia |
wiki_16117_chunk_7 | Engineering change order | With time-to-market pressures and rising mask costs in the semiconductor industry, several electronic design automation (EDA) companies are beginning to bring more automation into the ECO implementation process. Most popular place and route products have some level of built-in ECO routing to help with implementing phys... | wikipedia |
wiki_39291_chunk_7 | List of awards and nominations received by Andrea Bocelli | |-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="4"| 2000 || style="text-align:left;"| Andrea Bocelli || Male Artist of the Year ||
|-
|style="text-align:left;"| Aria: The Opera Album || Album of the Year ||
|-
|style="text-align:left;" rowspan="2"|Sacred Arias || Album of the Year ||
|-
|| Best Selling Classical Album ||
... | wikipedia |
wiki_1565_chunk_13 | Incidence algebra | Subset poset and exponential generating functions
For the Boolean poset of finite subsets ordered by inclusion , the reduced incidence algebra consists of invariant functions defined to have the same value on isomorphic intervals [S,T] and [S',T'] with |T\S| = |T'\S'|. Again, let t denote the invariant delta functi... | wikipedia |
wiki_32944_chunk_11 | Catalog of articles in probability theory | Binomial distribution / (1:D)
(a,b,0) class of distributions / (1:D)
Anscombe transform
Bernoulli distribution / (1:B)
Beta distribution / (1:C)
Bose–Einstein statistics / (F:D)
Cantor distribution / (1:C)
Cauchy distribution / (1:C)
Chi-squared distribution / (1:C)
Compound Poisson distribution / (F:DR)
Dege... | wikipedia |
wiki_9620_chunk_5 | Lukhdhirji Engineering College | Academic departments
The institute has ten major academic departments:
Department of Electrical Engineering (Est. 1951, Intake- UG -120, PG-18)
Department of Civil Engineering (Est. 1951, Intake- UG -120, PG-18)
Department of Mechanical Engineering (Est. 1951, Intake- UG -60)
Department of IT Engineering (Est. 19... | wikipedia |
wiki_15023_chunk_3 | Naturalness (physics) | Suppose a physics model requires four parameters which allow it to produce a very high quality working model, calculations, and predictions of some aspect of our physical universe. Suppose we find through experiments that the parameters have values: 1.2
1.31
0.9 and
404,331,557,902,116,024,553,602,703,216.58 (rough... | wikipedia |
wiki_7943_chunk_7 | Paul Seymour (mathematician) | In about 1990 Robin Thomas began to work with Robertson and Seymour. Their collaboration resulted in several important joint papers over the next ten years:
a proof of a conjecture of Sachs, characterising by excluded minors the graphs that admit linkless embeddings in 3-space;
a proof that every graph that is not five... | wikipedia |
wiki_11088_chunk_7 | Tom Powers | A Window on Washington Park (1913) - The young millionaire
Barnaby Rudge (1915) - Barnaby Rudge
As Ye Repent (1915) - Harry Somers
The Auction Block (1917) - Bob Wharton
Double Indemnity (1944) - Mr. Dietrichson
Practically Yours (1944) - Commander Harry Harpe
The Phantom Speaks (1945) - Harvey Bogardus
The Chicago Kid... | wikipedia |
wiki_13342_chunk_2 | Suppliers and Parts database | SQL The following SQL schema is one possible expression of the Suppliers-and-Parts database. CREATE TABLE Supplier (
SID int primary key,
SName varchar(10) NOT NULL,
Status int NOT NULL,
City varchar(10) NOT NULL
) CREATE TABLE Part (
PID int primary key,
PName v... | wikipedia |
wiki_22467_chunk_6 | Quantile function | For statistical applications, users need to know key percentage points of a given distribution. For example, they require the median and 25% and 75% quartiles as in the example above or 5%, 95%, 2.5%, 97.5% levels for other applications such as assessing the statistical significance of an observation whose distributio... | wikipedia |
wiki_11201_chunk_4 | Mathematical Association | Past presidents
Past presidents of The Association for the Improvement of Geometrical Teaching included:
1871 Thomas Archer Hirst
1878 R B Hayward MA, FRS
1889 Professor G M Minchin MA, FRS
1891 James Joseph Sylvester
1892 The Reverend C Taylor DD
1893 R Wormell MA, DSc
1895 Joseph Larmor
Past presidents of The ... | wikipedia |
wiki_2442_chunk_9 | Cross-functional team | Greater range of users
Cross-functional teams consist of people from different parts of an organization. Information must be made understandable to all users. Not only engineers use technical data, and not only accountants use financial data, and not only human resources personnel use HR data. Modern organizations lack... | wikipedia |
wiki_33714_chunk_37 | Traditional ecological knowledge | According to indigenous philosopher and climate/environmental justice scholar Kyle Powys Whyte, "Anishinabe people throughout the Great Lakes region are at the forefront of native species conservation and ecological restoration. Nmé is the largest and oldest living fish in the Great Lakes basin, sometimes exceeding 100... | wikipedia |
wiki_34522_chunk_28 | Variable (computer science) | Variable types (based on lifetime)
In terms of the classifications of variables, we can classify variables based on the lifetime of them. The different types of variables are static, stack-dynamic, explicit heap-dynamic, and implicit heap-dynamic. A static variable is also known as global variable, it is bound to a mem... | wikipedia |
wiki_26398_chunk_0 | International Max Planck Research School for Molecular Biology | International Max Planck Research School for Molecular Biology, also known as IMPRS for Molecular Biology, is a 1.5 years MSc program or a 4-year PhD program. The first year in both graduate tracks is the same and the students are studying together. The curriculum consists of intensive theoretical lectures covering all... | wikipedia |
wiki_9316_chunk_8 | Computer-aided audit tools | Benefits of audit software include:
They are independent of the system being audited and will use a read-only copy of the file to avoid any corruption of an organization’s data.
Many audit-specific routines are used such as sampling.
Provides documentation of each test performed in the software that can be used as docu... | wikipedia |
wiki_28674_chunk_9 | Biblical software | Software for research
The Open Source SHEBANQ project is an initiative of the Eep Talstra Centre for Bible and Computer (ETCBC) of the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. The basis of the project is the ETCBC-database of the Hebrew Bible. The database contains the Masoretic text of the Hebrew Bible, which is richly encoded o... | wikipedia |
wiki_15967_chunk_1 | List of MeSH codes (V04) | – research support, u.s. gov't, non-p.h.s. – research support, u.s. gov't, p.h.s.
– research support, n.i.h., extramural
– research support, n.i.h., intramural The list continues at List of MeSH codes (Z01). V04 | wikipedia |
wiki_15544_chunk_30 | Systems Programming Language | BEGIN
INTEGER A:=0, B, C:=1;
PROCEDURE N(X,Y,Z);
INTEGER X,Y,Z;
X:=X*(Y+Z);
FOR B:=1 UNTIL 20 DO
N(A,B,C);
END. References Citations Bibliography Systems programming languages
HP software | wikipedia |
wiki_17288_chunk_5 | Smile (software) | SmileLab Smile provides an Aqua interface to make any data graph "manually", and libraries of commands to make graphs and process data by script (SmileLab can display at any moment the script corresponding to the user's action.) Performances The mathematical commands are optimized, and versatile thanks to AppleScript. ... | wikipedia |
wiki_19317_chunk_10 | 1952–53 United States network television schedule | Not returning from 1951–52:
Admission Free
After the Deadlines
The Amazing Mr. Malone
America's Health
Betty Crocker Star Matinee
The Bill Gwinn Show
Byline
The Carmel Myers Show
Celanese Theater
Charlie Wild, Private Detective
The Clock
Crime with Father
Curtain Call
Curtain Up
The Dell O'Dell Show
Don McNeill's TV Cl... | wikipedia |
wiki_16935_chunk_5 | Rings of Power (video game) | Plot
Long ago, the divine being Nexus the Benevolent used the Rod of Creation to turn the desolate planet of Ushka Bau into a paradise. He then granted humanity the gift of the Six Arts: the Art of Separation, practiced by knights; the Art of Summoning, practiced by conjurors; the Art of Force, practiced by archers; th... | wikipedia |
wiki_36067_chunk_3 | Janusz Brzozowski (computer scientist) | He received the following academic awards and honours:
NSERC Scientific Exchange Award to France (1974–1975)
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Research Fellowship (1984)
Computing Research Association Certificate of Appreciation for outstanding contributions and service as a member of the CRA Board of Direct... | wikipedia |
wiki_362_chunk_39 | Molecular nanotechnology | In the latest report A Matter of Size: Triennial Review of the National Nanotechnology Initiative put out by the National Academies Press in December 2006 (roughly twenty years after Engines of Creation was published), no clear way forward toward molecular nanotechnology could yet be seen, as per the conclusion on page... | wikipedia |
wiki_12624_chunk_17 | Racket (programming language) | At the end of 2014, much of Racket's code was moved into a new packaging system separate from the main code base. This new packaging system is serviced by a client program named raco. The new package system provides fewer features than PLaneT; a blog post by Jay McCarthy on the Racket blog explains the rationale for th... | wikipedia |
wiki_984_chunk_25 | Multiplication algorithm | In 1980, Everett L. Johnson proposed using the quarter square method in a digital multiplier. To form the product of two 8-bit integers, for example, the digital device forms the sum and difference, looks both quantities up in a table of squares, takes the difference of the results, and divides by four by shifting two ... | wikipedia |
wiki_4506_chunk_8 | De Casteljau's algorithm | which we evaluate individually using De Casteljau's algorithm. Geometric interpretation
The geometric interpretation of De Casteljau's algorithm is straightforward.
Consider a Bézier curve with control points . Connecting the consecutive points we create the control polygon of the curve.
Subdivide now each line segmen... | wikipedia |
wiki_4361_chunk_7 | Computer-aided software engineering | Tools
CASE tools support specific tasks in the software development life-cycle. They can be divided into the following categories:
Business and Analysis modeling. Graphical modeling tools. E.g., E/R modeling, object modeling, etc.
Development. Design and construction phases of the life-cycle. Debugging environments.... | wikipedia |
wiki_1098_chunk_103 | Ocean thermal energy conversion | OTEC News - OTEC News website
Educational material about OTEC by the NOAA Ocean Exploration program
Ocean Energy Council: How does OTEC work?
nrel.gov - what is OTEC?
US Department of Energy, Information Resources
Wired Magazine's interview with John Piña Craven on the future of OTEC
2007 edition of the Survey of Energ... | wikipedia |
wiki_15107_chunk_21 | Epidemiological transition | Building on the existing body of evidence, Salomon and Murray (2002), further add nuances to the traditional theory of epidemiological transition by disintegrating it based on disease categories and different age-sex groups, positing that the epidemiological transition entails a real transition in the cause composition... | wikipedia |
wiki_22016_chunk_11 | Localized molecular orbitals | Pipek and Mezey originally used Mulliken charges, which are mathematically ill defined. Recently, Pipek-Mezey style schemes based on a variety of mathematically well-defined partial charge estimates have been discussed. Some notable choices are Voronoi charges, Becke charges, Hirshfeld or Stockholder charges, intrinsic... | wikipedia |
wiki_23109_chunk_5 | List of Philippine mythological figures | Supreme Being: referred to as Mayo, in one account; probably regarded as remote as fear and meticulous ritual care are often related instead towards the Añitu
Mayo: a fisherfolk hero who introduced the yuyus used to catch flying fishes called dibang, which are in turn used to catch the summertime fish arayu
The Giver: ... | wikipedia |
wiki_15845_chunk_18 | MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology | Instrumentation
Scientific advances often depend on technological advances: the LMB has been at the forefront of many of these. Some major examples include nucleic acid sequencing, protein and antibody engineering, construction of new X-ray equipment and the invention of the scanning confocal microscope. Administrative... | wikipedia |
wiki_21924_chunk_1 | Kasami code | Kasami Set
The process of generating a Kasami sequence is initiated by generating a maximum length sequence a(n), where n=1..2N-1. Maximum length sequences are periodic sequences with a period of exactly 2N-1. Next, a secondary sequence is derived from the initial sequence via cyclic decimation sampling as b(n) = a(q*n... | wikipedia |
wiki_7997_chunk_41 | Advanced Idea Mechanics | Video games
A.I.M. troopers and attack bots appear in Marvel Ultimate Alliance, with the former voiced by Steve Blum.
A.I.M. appears in the 2008 Iron Man film tie-in game. They work with Obadiah Stane to develop an army of Iron Men based on Tony Stark's original prototype suit. Although their attempts to develop an e... | wikipedia |
wiki_2222_chunk_8 | Landscape ecology | Today, theory and application of landscape ecology continues to develop through a need for innovative applications in a changing landscape and environment. Landscape ecology relies on advanced technologies such as remote sensing, GIS, and models. There has been associated development of powerful quantitative methods ... | wikipedia |
wiki_10288_chunk_3 | Louis Vauxcelles | A movement I consider dangerous (despite the great sympathy I have for its perpetrators) is taking shape among a small clan of youngsters. A chapel has been established, two haughty priests officiating. MM Derain and Matisse; a few dozen innocent catechumens have received their baptism. Their dogma amounts to a waverin... | wikipedia |
wiki_24017_chunk_5 | School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh | In the Research Assessment Exercise (RAE) 2008, the most in-depth analysis of research outputs for seven years, EaStCHEM, submitted 73% of all world leading outputs (4*) in Scotland and 12% of world leading outputs in all of the UK. From 31 submissions EastChem was the largest in UK Chemistry. EaStCHEM comes joint 4th ... | wikipedia |
wiki_16044_chunk_4 | Math circle | Project-based clubs may spend a few meetings building origami, developing a math trail in their town, or programming a mathy computer game together. Math-rich projects may be artistic, exploratory, applied to sciences, executable (software-based), business-oriented, or directed at real contributions to local communitie... | wikipedia |
wiki_21609_chunk_3 | Tricorn (mathematics) | Basic properties
The tricorn is compact, and connected. In fact, Nakane modified Douady and Hubbard's proof of the connectedness of the Mandelbrot set to construct a dynamically defined real-analytic diffeomorphism from the exterior of the tricorn onto the exterior of the closed unit disc in the complex plane. One can... | wikipedia |
wiki_23502_chunk_0 | Low-energy electron microscopy | Low-energy electron microscopy, or LEEM, is an analytical surface science technique used to image atomically clean surfaces, atom-surface interactions, and thin (crystalline) films. In LEEM, high-energy electrons (15-20 keV) are emitted from an electron gun, focused using a set of condenser optics, and sent through a m... | wikipedia |
wiki_34919_chunk_5 | Process simulation | Efforts are made to develop new and improved models for the calculation of properties. This includes for example the description of
thermophysical properties like vapor pressures, viscosities, caloric data, etc. of pure components and mixtures
properties of different apparatus like reactors, distillation columns, pu... | wikipedia |
wiki_4142_chunk_10 | Ant colony optimization algorithms | Algorithm and formula
In the ant colony optimization algorithms, an artificial ant is a simple computational agent that searches for good solutions to a given optimization problem. To apply an ant colony algorithm, the optimization problem needs to be converted into the problem of finding the shortest path on a weighte... | wikipedia |
wiki_1466_chunk_26 | One-instruction set computer | Arithmetic machine
In an attempt to make Turing machine more intuitive, Z. A. Melzac consider the task of computing with positive numbers. The machine has an infinite abacus, an infinite number of counters (pebbles, tally sticks) initially at a special location S. The machine is able to do one operation:
Take from lo... | wikipedia |
wiki_34910_chunk_48 | Watson (computer) | Several startups in the healthcare space have been effectively using seven business model archetypes to take solutions based on IBM Watson to the marketplace. These archetypes depends on the value generate for the target user (e.g. patient focus vs. healthcare provider and payer focus) and value capturing mechanisms (e... | wikipedia |
wiki_6736_chunk_1 | List of interactive geometry software | There are three main types of computer environments for studying school geometry: supposers, dynamic geometry environments (DGEs) and Logo-based programs. Most are DGEs: software that allows the user to manipulate ("drag") the geometric object into different shapes or positions. The main example of a supposer is the Ge... | wikipedia |
wiki_8969_chunk_14 | Combat flight simulation game | Study
The "study sim" is a genre of simulation games that focuses on modelling an aircraft's systems as accurately as possible. Advancing computer technology made this possible, with the development of highly detailed models that improved upon the fidelity of avionics, weapons systems, physics, flight models, graphics,... | wikipedia |
wiki_8558_chunk_6 | Somatic cell count | As discussed in the paper Guidelines for Using the DHI Somatic Cell Count Program:
The results of many studies suggest that cows with SCC of less than 200,000 are not likely to be infected with major mastitis pathogens, but cows with SCC above 300,000 are probably infected (Smith, 1996).
Herds with bulk tank SCC above ... | wikipedia |
wiki_16079_chunk_11 | Energy (psychological) | Concerning meta-analyses, four revealed a large effect size and one a moderate effect size. The Gilomen & Lee (2015) meta-analysis indicated a moderate effect size of tapping on psychological distress (utilizing Hedge’s g as compared to the standard Cohen’s h), although they opined that the results could be due to fact... | wikipedia |
wiki_843_chunk_47 | Threaded code | External links
Anton Ertl's explanatory page What is Threaded Code? describes different threading techniques and provides further references.
The Development of the C Language by Dennis M. Ritchie describes B (a precursor of C) as implemented using "threaded code".
Thinking Forth Project includes the seminal (but out ... | wikipedia |
wiki_16371_chunk_6 | Evolutionary educational psychology | Stated differently, Is the goal of education to have children recreate the process of discovery, to learn the products of discovery, or some combination? Some educators have advocated a focus on the process of discovery without full consideration of the constellation of traits and opportunity that contribute to the cre... | wikipedia |
wiki_24815_chunk_21 | Sociological classifications of religious movements | Johnstone provides the following seven characteristics of churches:
Claim universality, include all members of the society within their ranks, and have a strong tendency to equate "citizenship" with "membership"
Exercise religious monopoly and try to eliminate religious competition
Are very closely allied with the s... | wikipedia |
wiki_7873_chunk_3 | Medical algorithm | Examples of medical algorithms are:
Calculators, e.g. an on-line or stand-alone calculator for body mass index (BMI) when stature and body weight are given;
Flowcharts and drakon-charts, e.g. a binary decision tree for deciding what is the etiology of chest pain
Look-up tables, e.g. for looking up food energy and nu... | wikipedia |
wiki_5549_chunk_24 | Nanotechnology education | United Kingdom
Bangor University - master's
University of Birmingham - Ph.D
University of Cambridge - master's, Ph.D
Cranfield University - master's, Ph.D (Certificate/Degree Programs)
Heriot-Watt University - bachelor's, master's
Lancaster University - master's
Imperial College London - master's
University College Lon... | wikipedia |
wiki_877_chunk_18 | Deep Blue (chess computer) | External links
IBM.com, IBM Research pages on Deep Blue
IBM.com, IBM page with the computer logs from the games
Chesscenter.com, Open letter from Feng-hsiung Hsu on the aborted rematch with Kasparov, The Week in Chess Magazine, issue 270, 10 January 2000
Chesscenter.com, Open Letter from Owen Williams (Gary Kasp... | wikipedia |
wiki_8469_chunk_9 | Superconducting quantum computing | In the table below, the three archetypes are reviewed. In the first row, the qubit electrical circuit diagram is presented. In the second, the quantum Hamiltonian derived from the circuit is shown. Generally, the Hamiltonian can be divided to a "kinetic" and "potential" parts, in analogy to a particle in a potential we... | wikipedia |
wiki_2524_chunk_38 | Heyting algebra | Heyting algebra of propositional formulas in n variables up to intuitionist equivalence
The metaimplication in the section "Provable identities" is proved by showing that the result of the following construction is itself a Heyting algebra:
Consider the set L of propositional formulas in the variables A1, A2,..., An.
... | wikipedia |
wiki_16399_chunk_6 | Autonomic networking | In the case of autonomic networking, the state of the network may be defined by inputs from:
individual network elements such as switches and network interfaces including
specification and configuration
historical records and current state
traffic flows
end-hosts
application performance data
logical diagrams and... | wikipedia |
wiki_7017_chunk_7 | Concurrent engineering | Challenges associated with concurrent design
Concurrent design comes with a series of challenges, such as implementation of early design reviews, dependency on efficient communication between engineers and teams, software compatibility, and opening up the design process. This design process usually requires that comput... | wikipedia |
wiki_3756_chunk_3 | Function pointer | The following C program illustrates the use of two function pointers:
func1 takes one double-precision (double) parameter and returns another double, and is assigned to a function which converts centimetres to inches.
func2 takes a pointer to a constant character array as well as an integer and returns a pointer to a... | wikipedia |
wiki_11615_chunk_17 | Mathematics of Sudoku | In a 2005 study, Felgenhauer and Jarvis analyzed the permutations of the top band used in valid solutions. Once the Band1 symmetries and equivalence classes for the partial grid solutions were identified, the completions of the lower two bands were constructed and counted for each equivalence class. Summing completions... | wikipedia |
wiki_39963_chunk_8 | Read code | Read version 3 (Clinical Terms Version 3 or 'CTV3')
A third and more radically progressive version was devised through the 1990s in an attempt to address some of the more serious technical limitations of the earlier designs, including:
Although codes remain 5-bytes in length, the hierarchical relationship between code... | wikipedia |
wiki_18247_chunk_3 | Networks II | Hacks
Hosting of multiple forums.
Threading of forums
Binary searching the user entries (instead of sequential database access)
Loading pointers into memory instead of the slow sequential text file methodology
Support for extended and lower case characters.
Interactive games and surveys.
Switching from Networks ... | wikipedia |
wiki_18764_chunk_76 | Anonymous function | Performance metrics to analyze the space and time complexities of function calls, call stack, etc. in a JavaScript interpreter engine implement easily with these last anonymous function constructs. From the implications of the results, it is possible to deduce some of an engine's recursive versus iterative implementati... | wikipedia |
wiki_35535_chunk_3 | Business & Information Systems Engineering | Types of Submissions
BISE allows different types of submissions. Research articles are the core of the journal and provide completed research results as original and substantial contributions to the literature. The journal also publishes research notes, which promote the dialogue among the community on new and emergin... | wikipedia |
wiki_25_chunk_53 | Algebraic geometry | Algebraic stacks can be further generalized and for many practical questions like deformation theory and intersection theory, this is often the most natural approach. One can extend the Grothendieck site of affine schemes to a higher categorical site of derived affine schemes, by replacing the commutative rings with an... | wikipedia |
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