id stringlengths 14 20 | title stringlengths 4 131 | text stringlengths 52 43k | source stringclasses 1
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wiki_23028_chunk_4 | Programming productivity | As long classical production processes are considered a straightforward metric of productivity is simple: how many units of a product of specified quality is produced by which costs. For intellectual work, productivity is much trickier. How do we measure the productivity of authors, scientists, or engineers? Due to the... | wikipedia |
wiki_20589_chunk_2 | Double exponential function | A sequence of positive integers (or real numbers) is said to have doubly exponential rate of growth if the function giving the th term of the sequence is bounded above and below by doubly exponential functions of .
Examples include
The Fermat numbers
The harmonic primes: The primes p, in which the sequence exceeds ... | wikipedia |
wiki_4013_chunk_2 | Approximation algorithm | There is widespread interest in theoretical computer science to better understand the limits to which we can approximate certain famous optimization problems. For example, one of the long-standing open questions in computer science is to determine whether there is an algorithm that outperforms the 1.5 approximation alg... | wikipedia |
wiki_296_chunk_56 | Integrated Services Digital Network | 10:50:24.37 21/1/24 T SETUP
Call Reference : 000062-local
Bearer Capability : CCITT, Speech, Circuit mode, 64 kbit/s
Channel ID : Implicit Interface ID implies current span, 21/1/5, Exclusive
Calling Party Number : 8018023000 National number User-provided, not screened Presentati... | wikipedia |
wiki_31884_chunk_4 | Polyhedral combinatorics | A key tool in polyhedral combinatorics is the ƒ-vector of a polytope, the vector (f0, f1, ..., fd − 1) where fi is the number of i-dimensional features of the polytope. For instance, a cube has eight vertices, twelve edges, and six facets, so its ƒ-vector is (8,12,6). The dual polytope has a ƒ-vector with the same numb... | wikipedia |
wiki_22800_chunk_12 | BLAT (bioinformatics) | Output
A BLAT search returns a list of results that are ordered in decreasing order based on the score. The following information is returned: the score of the alignment, the region of query sequence that matches to the database sequence, the size of the query sequence, the level of identity as a percentage of the ali... | wikipedia |
wiki_32780_chunk_1 | Biological Resources Discipline | General principles
The following are "general principles" the BRD states guide the implementation of its mission and form the basis of its strategic planning:
BRD develops scientific and statistically reliable methods and protocols to assess the status and trends of the United States's biological resources.
BRD utili... | wikipedia |
wiki_8869_chunk_69 | Indian mathematics | Use of rectification (computation of length) of the arc of a circle to give a proof of these results. (The later method of Leibniz, using quadrature, i.e. computation of area under the arc of the circle, was not used.)
Use of the series expansion of to obtain the Leibniz formula for π:
A rational approximation of e... | wikipedia |
wiki_1941_chunk_8 | Self-modifying code | Below is an example in Zilog Z80 assembly language. The code increments register "B" in range [0,5]. The "CP" compare instruction is modified on each loop.
;==========
ORG 0H
CALL FUNC00
HALT
;==========
FUNC00:
LD A,6
LD HL,label01+1
LD B,(HL)
label00:
INC B
LD (HL),B
label01:
CP $0
JP NZ,label00
RET
;==========
Sel... | wikipedia |
wiki_11063_chunk_11 | Shunting-yard algorithm | {| class="wikitable"
! Token !! Action !! Output =(in RPN) !! Operatorstack !! Notes
|-
| align="center" | sin || Push token to stack || || align="right" | sin ||
|-
| align="center" | ( || Push token to stack || || align="right" | ( sin ||
|-
| align="center" | max || Push token to stack || || align="right" | max (... | wikipedia |
wiki_13913_chunk_6 | Computational phylogenetics | Morphological analysis
The basic problem in morphological phylogenetics is the assembly of a matrix representing a mapping from each of the taxa being compared to representative measurements for each of the phenotypic characteristics being used as a classifier. The types of phenotypic data used to construct this matrix... | wikipedia |
wiki_4548_chunk_3 | Persistent data structure | Techniques for preserving previous versions Copy-on-write
One method for creating a persistent data structure is to use a platform provided ephemeral data structure such as an array to store the data in the data structure and copy the entirety of that data structure using copy-on-write semantics for any updates to the... | wikipedia |
wiki_35736_chunk_10 | Technological innovation system | Dynamics
Structures involve elements that are relatively stable over time. Nevertheless, for many technologies, especially newly emerging ones, these structures are not yet (fully) in place. For this reason, mostly, the scholars have recently enriched the literature on Technological Innovation Systems with studies tha... | wikipedia |
wiki_1145_chunk_10 | Poker probability | {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%; text-align:center;"
|-
!Hand !! Frequency !! Probability !! Cumulative !! Odds against
!Mathematical expression of absolute frequency
|-
|Royal flush
|align=center| 4,324 || 0.0032% || 0.0032% ||align=center| 30,939 : 1
|
|-
|Straight flush (excludi... | wikipedia |
wiki_24226_chunk_5 | The New York Journal of Mathematics | In a professional conference presentation, Renzo Piccinini said "An example of what I consider a good electronic journal is the New York Journal of Mathematics; this is a refereed journal--with referees not in the editor's board—with high quality papers and very fast publication time; last, but not least, it is free!" ... | wikipedia |
wiki_262_chunk_3 | List of historical films set in Near Eastern and Western civilization | {| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Release date
! scope="col" | Time period
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes on setting
|-
| Spotlight || 2015 || 2001 || The Boston Globe'''s investigative story on the Sexual abuse scandal in the Catholic archdiocese of Boston and the Septemb... | wikipedia |
wiki_445_chunk_37 | Probability distribution | Basic distributions:
Bernoulli distribution, for the outcome of a single Bernoulli trial (e.g. success/failure, yes/no)
Binomial distribution, for the number of "positive occurrences" (e.g. successes, yes votes, etc.) given a fixed total number of independent occurrences
Negative binomial distribution, for binomial-... | wikipedia |
wiki_34001_chunk_18 | Streaming algorithm | Calculating
Alon et al. estimates by defining random variables that can be computed within given space and time. The expected value of random variables gives the approximate value of . Assume length of sequence m is known in advance. Then construct a random variable X as follows:
Select be a random member of seque... | wikipedia |
wiki_27723_chunk_22 | Mathieu group M24 | The sextet group is a split extension of H by a group 3.S6 (a stem extension). Here is an instance within the Mathieu groups where a simple group (A6) is a subquotient, not a subgroup. 3.S6 is the normalizer in M24 of the subgroup generated by r=(BCD)(FGH)(JKL)(NOP)(RST)(VWX), which can be thought of as a multiplicatio... | wikipedia |
wiki_7217_chunk_8 | After Dark (software) | Modules
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! scope="col" style="background:#efefef;" | Module Name
! scope="col" style="background:#efefef;" | Description
|-
| Starry Night
| The original After Dark screen saver, featuring a pixelated city skyline under a night sky
|-
| Artist
| A digital artist applies artistic touches to images... | wikipedia |
wiki_15168_chunk_12 | PLS (complexity) | The standard Algorithm Consider the following computational problem:
Given some instance of a PLS problem , find a locally optimal solution such that for all . Every local search problem can be solved using the following iterative improvement algorithm: Use to find an initial solution
Use algorithm to find a bet... | wikipedia |
wiki_24026_chunk_4 | Multiservice tactical brevity code | C
Candygram Informative call to aircraft that electronic warfare (EW) targeting information is available on a briefed secure net.
Cap/capping
Directive call to establish an orbit at a specified location. (location)
An orbit at a specified location.
Captured Aircrew has identified and is able to track a specified air-to... | wikipedia |
wiki_11073_chunk_2 | Divine Proportions: Rational Trigonometry to Universal Geometry | Overview
The main idea of Divine Proportions is to replace distances by the squared Euclidean distance, renamed in this book as quadrance, and to replace angles by the squares of their sines, renamed in this book as spread and thought of as a measure of separation (rather than an amount of rotation) between two lines. ... | wikipedia |
wiki_6655_chunk_4 | SL (complexity) | By definition, USTCON is complete for SL (all problems in SL reduce to it, including itself). Many more interesting complete problems were found, most by reducing directly or indirectly from USTCON, and a compendium of them was made by Àlvarez and Greenlaw. Many of the problems are graph theory problems on undirected g... | wikipedia |
wiki_33113_chunk_28 | Instructional simulation | Barriers to instructional simulation in medicine
Simulations in medicine have been in use as early as the 16th century when the use of training mannequins helped to reduce the high maternal and infant mortality rates. Today they have evolved, to include IVEs, CAVE, robotic surgery, etc., but they are still relatively ... | wikipedia |
wiki_23735_chunk_4 | Bowyer–Watson algorithm | function BowyerWatson (pointList)
// pointList is a set of coordinates defining the points to be triangulated
triangulation := empty triangle mesh data structure
add super-triangle to triangulation // must be large enough to completely contain all the points in pointList
for each point in pointList do // ad... | wikipedia |
wiki_17830_chunk_9 | Aggregate function | STDDEV:
For a finite population with equal probabilities at all points, we have This means that the standard deviation is equal to the square root of the difference between the average of the squares of the values and the square of the average value.
.
. See also
Cross-tabulation a.k.a. Contingency table
Data drilling
... | wikipedia |
wiki_13919_chunk_11 | Useful conversions and formulas for air dispersion modeling | The following equation can be used to correct a measured pollutant concentration in an emitted gas (containing a measured O2 content) to an equivalent pollutant concentration in an emitted gas containing a specified reference amount of O2: Thus, a measured concentration of 45 ppmv (dry basis) in a gas having 5 volume ... | wikipedia |
wiki_22522_chunk_3 | System Simulation | British Computer Society IT Award Winner 1994: PLATO-UK with Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital Trust and Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
British Computer Society IT Award Medallist 1995: ROCKnROM with Michael Wadleigh and Penguin Books
British Computer Society IT Award Medallist 1996: Index+ software system.
BT/New Statesman... | wikipedia |
wiki_2133_chunk_7 | Prime-factor FFT algorithm | A great deal of research has been devoted to schemes for evaluating this re-indexing efficiently, ideally in-place, while minimizing the number of costly modulo (remainder) operations (Chan, 1991, and references). DFT re-expression The above re-indexing is then substituted into the formula for the DFT, and in particula... | wikipedia |
wiki_36885_chunk_1 | Société de Mathématiques Appliquées et Industrielles | SMAI is directed by an administration elected by the general assembly. Its chief activities are:
to organize conferences and workshops,
to publish the thrice-yearly bulletin Matapli, which contains overviews, book reviews, and information about theses and upcoming conferences,
to publish scholarly journals including... | wikipedia |
wiki_25244_chunk_2 | Hoc (programming language) | Examples
The following is a simple example of an interactive calculator session in hoc; text represents hoc's output:
1+2*3
7
angle=PI/3
r=sin(angle)
r
0.866025
r*2
1.73205
And a simple example of functions and flow control:
func atan2(){
if ($1>0){
return atan($2/$1)
... | wikipedia |
wiki_4779_chunk_7 | 120-cell | Polyhedral graph
Considering the adjacency matrix of the vertices representing its polyhedral graph, the graph diameter is 15, connecting each vertex to its coordinate-negation, at a Euclidean distance of 4 away (its circumdiameter), and there are 24 different paths to connect them along the polytope edges. From each v... | wikipedia |
wiki_939_chunk_8 | Ford–Fulkerson algorithm | A variation of the Ford–Fulkerson algorithm with guaranteed termination and a runtime independent of the maximum flow value is the Edmonds–Karp algorithm, which runs in time. Integral example The following example shows the first steps of Ford–Fulkerson in a flow network with 4 nodes, source and sink . This example s... | wikipedia |
wiki_14430_chunk_10 | Scale factor (computer science) | Choosing a scale factor
The example above illustrates how certain scale factors can cause unnecessary precision loss or rounding error, highlighting the importance of choosing the right scale factor. Using the scale factor of and converting to binary representations, the following values are obtained:
154/11 = 14 = 11... | wikipedia |
wiki_1233_chunk_21 | ICON (microcomputer) | Software
The Bartlett Saga, a four-part game about the History of Canada; consisting of Part I: Refugees in the Wilderness: United Empire Loyalists, 1784-1793; Part II: The Rebels: Rebellion in Upper Canada, 1830-1844; Part III: United We Stand: Confederation, 1864-1873; Part IV: The Golden West: Settling the Plains,... | wikipedia |
wiki_27511_chunk_5 | Certificate (complexity) | A more general example, for the problem of determining if a given Turing machine accepts an input in a certain number of steps, is as follows:
L = {<<M>, x, w> | does <M> accept x in |w| steps?}
Show L ∈ NP.
verifier:
gets string c = <M>, x, w such that |c| <= P(|w|)
check if c is an accepting computation... | wikipedia |
wiki_3058_chunk_9 | Civil-military co-operation | There is a vital need for translating relevant information into CIMIC knowledge. A NATO working group is trying to solve this problem by establishing a CIMIC reporting system that allows information sharing by the CIMIC staff from the tactical to the strategic level. In current operations, the CIMIC staffs are overwhel... | wikipedia |
wiki_11363_chunk_15 | Quasi-delay-insensitive circuit | Skip skip does nothing. It simply acts as a placeholder for pass-through conditions.
Dataless assignment a+ sets the voltage of the node a to Vdd while a- sets the voltage of a to GND.
Assignment a := e evaluates the expression e then assigns the resulting value to the variable a.
Send X!e evaluates the expression e... | wikipedia |
wiki_21527_chunk_4 | Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism | COGA researchers will interview subjects using the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism (SSAGA), specifically created for the COGA project. Each subject is asked to participate in the SSAGA, with different versions for adolescents and for parents being interviewed about their children. The SSAGA ... | wikipedia |
wiki_3450_chunk_25 | Jacobi elliptic functions | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;
|+ Parameters for the six transformations
!Transformation i||||||cs'||ns'||ds'
|-
! U
| 1 || m || cs || ns || ds
|-
! I
| i || m' || ns || cs || ds
|-
! IR
| i k || −m'/m || ds || cs || ns
|-
! R
| k || 1/m... | wikipedia |
wiki_4362_chunk_25 | Database marketing | Challenges and limitations
While real-time business intelligence is a reality for select companies, it remains elusive to many as it is dependent on these premises: the percentage of the business that is online, and the degree of level of sophistication of the software. Technology companies like Google, Dell, and Appl... | wikipedia |
wiki_34285_chunk_3 | Stochastic geometry | What is meant by a random object? A complete answer to this question requires the theory of random closed sets, which makes contact with advanced concepts from measure theory. The key idea is to focus on the probabilities of the given random closed set hitting specified test sets. There arise questions of inference (f... | wikipedia |
wiki_21313_chunk_3 | Fair computational tree logic | Compute what is called the denotation of the formula φ: the set of states such that M, s |= φ.
Restrict the model to the denotation.
Find the fair SCC.
Obtain the union of all 3 (above).
Compute the states that can reach the union. | wikipedia |
wiki_35155_chunk_3 | Interservice/Industry Training, Simulation and Education Conference | Papers, Tutorials, and Workshops
Each year, I/ITSEC requests submissions for papers and tutorials to be presented at its annual conference. The peer-reviewed process spans half a year as prospective authors must pass multiple quality assurance gates. Authors must first submit an abstract to one of the six sub-commit... | wikipedia |
wiki_23443_chunk_4 | 2007–08 United States network television schedule | Tuesday
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;margin-right:0;text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0;text-align:center"|Network
! style="background-color:#C0C0C0;text-align:center"|8:00 PM
! style="background-color:#C0C0C0;text-align:center"|8:30 PM
! style="background-color:#C0C0C0;text-al... | wikipedia |
wiki_10514_chunk_2 | Balkan Mathematical Olympiad | In Cyprus four provincial competitions and a National (Pancyprian) competition are held every year. During this procedure 30 students are selected and two Team Selection Tests are held to determine who will be the six member of national team for BMO. In every competition or test there are four problem usually coveri... | wikipedia |
wiki_8203_chunk_4 | Global Infectious Disease Epidemiology Network | Additional options allow users to add data (in their own font / language) relevant to their own institution, electronic patient charts, material from the internet, important telephone numbers, drug prices, antimicrobial resistance patterns, etc. This form of custom data is particularly useful when running GIDEON on ins... | wikipedia |
wiki_7583_chunk_5 | International Solid-State Circuits Conference | Technical Program Committee
The Technical Program Committee (TPC) in early years was extremely fluid in order to deal with the constantly changing topics in the industry. By 1968 the list of subcommittees had settled to Digital, Analog (Linear), Microwave and Other, where the subcommittee members in Other would addre... | wikipedia |
wiki_4743_chunk_15 | List of important publications in statistics | Principles and Procedures of Statistics with Special Reference to the Biological Sciences.
Authors: Steel, R.G.D, and Torrie, J. H.
Publication data: McGraw Hill (1960) 481 pages
Description: Excellent introductory text for analysis of variance (one-way, multi-way, factorial, split-plot, and unbalanced designs). Also a... | wikipedia |
wiki_19542_chunk_8 | Map algebra | Here are some examples in MapBasic, the scripting language for MapInfo Professional: # demo for Brown's Pond data set
# Give layers
# altitude
# development – 0: vacant, 1: major, 2: minor, 3: houses, 4: buildings, 5 cement
# water – 0: dry, 2: wet, 3: pond # calculate the slope at each location based on altitude
sl... | wikipedia |
wiki_34978_chunk_1 | Directed algebraic topology | Directed Spaces
Many mathematical definitions have been proposed to formalise the notion of directed space. E. W. Dijkstra introduced a simple dialect to deal with semaphores, the so-called 'PV language', and to provide each PV program an abstract model: its 'geometric semantics'. Any such model admits a natural partia... | wikipedia |
wiki_984_chunk_18 | Multiplication algorithm | Description
On paper, write down in one column the numbers you get when you repeatedly halve the multiplier, ignoring the remainder; in a column beside it repeatedly double the multiplicand. Cross out each row in which the last digit of the first number is even, and add the remaining numbers in the second column to obt... | wikipedia |
wiki_6535_chunk_60 | Raku (programming language) | Tower of Hanoi
Tower of Hanoi is often used to introduce recursive programming in computer science. This implementation uses Raku's multi-dispatch mechanism and parametric constraints:
multi sub hanoi(0, $, $, $) { } # No disk, so do not do anything
multi sub hanoi($n, $a = 'A', $b = 'B', $c = '... | wikipedia |
wiki_7701_chunk_14 | Chinese Character Code for Information Interchange | Character set 0x2122 (plane 1, row 2: mathematical operators)
This row contains mathematical operators. EACC leaves this row empty. The following table is referenced against sources from Taiwan. The following table is referenced against CCCII data provided by the Hong Kong Innovative Users Group, a group of libraries ... | wikipedia |
wiki_30110_chunk_24 | GEORGE (operating system) | CE !
IN !,T////
PROG(HWLD)
STEER(LIST,OBJECT)
OUTE(SEMICOMPILED)
WSF(HWLD)
PLAN(CR)
#PRO HWLD40/TEST
#LOW
MESS 12HHELLO WORLD
#PRO
#ENT 0
DISTY '11/MESS'
DEL 2HOK
#END
ENDPROG
////
The LOAD (LO) command loads PROGRAM XPLT (the assembler) from the directo... | wikipedia |
wiki_9827_chunk_4 | Mega Man Battle Network (video game) | Mega Man Battle Network is set in an ambiguous year in the 21st century ("20XX AD") in an alternate reality to the original Mega Man series. Within the world of Battle Network, the Net has become humanity's primary means of communication, commerce, and even crime. Users are able to "jack in" to the Net and other compu... | wikipedia |
wiki_89_chunk_113 | Computer program | If a computer program in a computer with a direct memory access chip executes a system call to perform a DMA I/O write operation, then the system call will execute the following instructions:
Create an entry in the device-status table. The operating system maintains this table to keep track of which processes are wai... | wikipedia |
wiki_3083_chunk_18 | Social simulation | "Generative e-Social Science for Socio-Spatial Simulation" or (GENESIS) is a research node of the UK National Centre for e-Social Science funded by the UK research council ESRC. For further details please see: GENESIS Web Page and Blog.
"National e-Infrastructure for Social Simulation" or (NeISS) is a UK-based project ... | wikipedia |
wiki_7920_chunk_8 | Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling | where Fi is blood flow (noted Q in the Figure above), Cart incoming arterial blood concentration, Pi the tissue over blood partition coefficient and Vi the volume of compartment i. A complete set of differential equations for the 7-compartment model shown above could therefore be given by the following table: The above... | wikipedia |
wiki_30906_chunk_9 | Official statistics | Users with a research interest
Users with a research interest are universities, consultants and government agencies. They generally understand something about statistical methodology and want to dig deeper into the facts and the statistical observations; they have an analytical purpose in inventing or explaining interr... | wikipedia |
wiki_13283_chunk_3 | Model selection | Of the countless number of possible mechanisms and processes that could have produced the data, how can one even begin to choose the best model? The mathematical approach commonly taken decides among a set of candidate models; this set must be chosen by the researcher. Often simple models such as polynomials are used,... | wikipedia |
wiki_891_chunk_1 | Gold code | A set of Gold codes can be generated with the following steps. Pick two maximum length sequences of the same length 2n − 1 such that their absolute cross-correlation is less than or equal to 2(n+2)/2, where n is the size of the linear-feedback shift register used to generate the maximum length sequence (Gold '67). Th... | wikipedia |
wiki_20250_chunk_9 | Tarjan's strongly connected components algorithm | The algorithm in pseudocode
algorithm tarjan is
input: graph G = (V, E)
output: set of strongly connected components (sets of vertices)
index := 0
S := empty stack
for each v in V do
if v.index is undefined then
strongconnect(v)
end if
end for
... | wikipedia |
wiki_37803_chunk_14 | Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher | Proposed science instrumentation
The rover would have carried instrumentation sufficient to scientifically select samples for caching. It was assumed that this translates to the following instruments and capabilities:
Must be able to remotely (i.e. with mast-mounted instruments) characterize outcrops and identify featu... | wikipedia |
wiki_30110_chunk_28 | GEORGE (operating system) | 0.0← tc/wrld/ 2.0← r/wrld/world/ 2.29← eThe system macro PLANCOMP is used to compile the file HELLO(/PLAN) to PROGRAM HELO 21.43.46← plancomp *cr hello(/plan),*idhelo FILES ALREADY ONLINE: :LIB.SUBGROUPS-RS(1/V3) :LIB.PROGRAM XPCK(1/V12K)
:LIB.PROGRAM XPLT(1/V8C)
21.43.58 0.58 CORE GIVEN 18944
0.58 :HALTED : LD
DIS... | wikipedia |
wiki_24094_chunk_1 | Anatomy of a Typeface | Background
The book is notable for devoting entire chapters to the development and uses of individual or small groupings of typefaces. Beyond Anatomy of a Typeface Lawson has considered and discussed the classification of types. Within Anatomy, Lawson arranges the typefaces by classification. In his preface, Lawson qua... | wikipedia |
wiki_890_chunk_56 | Gray code | {| class="wikitable infobox" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Subpaths in the Savage–Winkler algorithm
|-
! scope="col" |
! scope="col" | j = 0
! scope="col" | j = 1
! scope="col" | j = 2
! scope="col" | j = 3
|-
! scope="row" | n = 1
| || || ||
|-
! scope="row" | n = 2
| || || ||
|-
! scope="row" | n = 3
| || || ... | wikipedia |
wiki_36728_chunk_26 | List of important publications in theoretical computer science | Description: Edsger Dijkstra's paper Guarded Commands, Nondeterminacy and Formal Derivation of Programs (expanded by his 1976 postgraduate-level textbook A Discipline of Programming) proposes that, instead of formally verifying a program after it has been written (i.e. post facto), programs and their formal proofs shou... | wikipedia |
wiki_20089_chunk_11 | Diabetes management software | Globally, an estimated 422 million adults are living with diabetes mellitus, according to the latest 2016 data from the World Health Organization (WHO). Diabetes prevalence is increasing rapidly; previous 2013 estimates from the International Diabetes Federation put the number at 381 million people having diabetes. The... | wikipedia |
wiki_7997_chunk_39 | Advanced Idea Mechanics | Television
Though they go unnamed, a group of A.I.M. agents make a cameo in the Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends animated series episode "The X-Men Adventure". They appear in Firestar's flashback attacking the lab where she and Nathan Price worked at before he became the villain Cyberiad.
A.I.M. appears in the 1994... | wikipedia |
wiki_8588_chunk_37 | Matrix calculus | {|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Identities: scalar-by-vector
! scope="col" width="150" | Condition
! scope="col" width="200" | Expression
! scope="col" width="200" | Numerator layout,i.e. by xT; result is row vector
! scope="col" width="200" | Denominator layout,i.e. by x; result is column vector... | wikipedia |
wiki_8051_chunk_31 | Smith–Waterman algorithm | The fastest implementation of the algorithm on CPUs with SSSE3 can be found the SWIPE software (Rognes, 2011), which is available under the GNU Affero General Public License. In parallel, this software compares residues from sixteen different database sequences to one query residue. Using a 375 residue query sequence a... | wikipedia |
wiki_8828_chunk_4 | List of compositions by Henry Purcell | Catches [Z 240–292]
Z 240, Catch, "A health to the nut-brown lass" (1685)
Z 241, Catch, "An ape, a lion, a fox and an ass" (1686)
Z 242, Catch, "As Roger last night to Jenny lay close" (Unknown)
Z 243, Catch, "Bring the bowl and cool Nantz" (1693–94)
Z 244, Catch, "Call for the reckoning" (Unknown)
Z 245, Catch, "Come ... | wikipedia |
wiki_32226_chunk_4 | Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society | Since 1988 at the Colorado School of Mines, the symposium has been held over a five-day period at locations throughout the United States, with 150 oral and poster presentations, educational workshops, vendor presentations, and a commercial exhibition. A set of proceedings, comprising technical papers presented at the c... | wikipedia |
wiki_32283_chunk_11 | Dehn function | Basic properties
If G and H are quasi-isometric finitely presented groups and some finite presentation of G has an isoperimetric function f(n) then for any finite presentation of H there is an isoperimetric function equivalent to f(n). In particular, this fact holds for G = H, where the same group is given by two diffe... | wikipedia |
wiki_19619_chunk_8 | Speech codes theory | Dell Hymes constructed the S.P.E.A.K.I.N.G. model to aid in the search for speech codes in specific speech communities. The letters stand for the following (as reported by Miller): Situation (setting or scene)
Participants (analysis of personalities and social positions or relationships)
Ends (goals and outcomes)
Ac... | wikipedia |
wiki_9431_chunk_3 | Altruism (biology) | Overview
In ethology (the study of behavior), and more generally in the study of social evolution, on occasion, some animals do behave in ways that reduce their individual fitness but increase the fitness of other individuals in the population; this is a functional definition of altruism. Research in evolutionary theo... | wikipedia |
wiki_938_chunk_11 | Kruskal's algorithm | A variant of Kruskal's algorithm, named Filter-Kruskal, has been described by Osipov et al. and is better suited for parallelization. The basic idea behind Filter-Kruskal is to partition the edges in a similar way to quicksort and filter out edges that connect vertices of the same tree to reduce the cost of sorting. Th... | wikipedia |
wiki_944_chunk_8 | Biophysics | Focus as a subfield
While some colleges and universities have dedicated departments of biophysics, usually at the graduate level, many do not have university-level biophysics departments, instead having groups in related departments such as biochemistry, cell biology, chemistry, computer science, engineering, mathemati... | wikipedia |
wiki_36883_chunk_4 | Laboratory for Computational Cultural Dynamics | Application
Modeling the subtle complexities of the interactions between human entities is a challenging problem. The LCCD produces applications based on its theoretical models as a method of testing the accuracy, speed, and ease of use of its technology. These applications vary wildly and include:
T-REX, an automat... | wikipedia |
wiki_32099_chunk_1 | RAPTOR (software) | Protein threading vs. homology modeling
Researchers attempting to solve a protein's structure start their study with little more than a protein sequence. Initial steps may include performing a PSI-BLAST or PatternHunter search to locate a similar sequences with a known structure in the Protein Data Bank (PDB). If ther... | wikipedia |
wiki_1637_chunk_2 | Relational calculus | Example
A relational algebra expression might prescribe the following steps to retrieve the phone numbers and names of book stores that supply Some Sample Book: Join book stores and titles over the BookstoreID.
Restrict the result of that join to tuples for the book Some Sample Book.
Project the result of that restr... | wikipedia |
wiki_18633_chunk_89 | Algorithm characterizations | "We have not given an official definition of what it is for a numerical function to be computable by a Turing machine, specifying how inputs or arguments are to be represented on the machine, and how outputs or values represented. Our specifications for a k-place function from positive integers to positive integers are... | wikipedia |
wiki_38561_chunk_15 | Comparison of programming paradigms | Dynamically dispatched message calls v. direct procedure call overheads
In their Abstract "Optimization of Object-Oriented Programs Using Static Class Hierarchy Analysis", Jeffrey Dean, David Grove, and Craig Chambers of the Department of Computer Science and Engineering, at the University of Washington, claim that "H... | wikipedia |
wiki_24061_chunk_25 | Social ecological model | Political and economic policies that support the importance of parent's roles in their children's development such as Head Start or Women Infants and Children programs.
Fostering of societal attitudes that value work done on behalf of children at all levels: parents, teachers, extended family, mentors, work supervisor... | wikipedia |
wiki_18470_chunk_2 | Calculus of predispositions | The procedure of calculating predispositions is linked to two steps – dissection of the system on its constituent elements and integration of the analyzed parts in a new whole. According to Katsenelinboigen, the system is structured by two basic types of parameters – material and positional. The material parameters co... | wikipedia |
wiki_16947_chunk_6 | List of Alabama Civil War Confederate units | Miscellaneous
1st Mobile Infantry (Local Defense)
1st Alabama Conscripts (Echol's Company)
1st Battalion, Cadets
1st Conscripts
1st Mobile Volunteers
5th Battalion (Blount's), Volunteers
5th Battalion, Volunteers
18th Battalion, Volunteers
55th Volunteers
Alabama Conscripts
Alabama Rebels
Alabama Recruits
Alle... | wikipedia |
wiki_33342_chunk_31 | Psychometric software | Xcalibre
Xcalibre is a commercial program that performs marginal maximum likelihood estimation of both dichotomous (1PL-Rasch, 2PL, 3PL) and all major polytomous IRT models. The interface is point-and-click; no command code required. Its output includes both spreadsheets and a detailed, narrated report document with e... | wikipedia |
wiki_11177_chunk_4 | Davis–Putnam algorithm | function DP-SAT(Φ)
repeat
// unit propagation:
while Φ contains a unit clause {l} do
Φ ← remove-from-formula({l}, Φ);
for every clause c in Φ that contains ¬l do
Φ ← remove-from-formula(c, Φ);
Φ ← add-to-formula(c \ {¬l}, Φ);
// eliminate... | wikipedia |
wiki_15697_chunk_1 | Bidirectional scattering distribution function | BSDF is a superset and the generalization of the BRDF and BTDF. The concept behind all BxDF functions could be described as a black box with the inputs being any two angles, one for incoming (incident) ray and the second one for the outgoing (reflected or transmitted) ray at a given point of the surface. The output of ... | wikipedia |
wiki_2287_chunk_16 | Perfect hash function | k-perfect hashing
A hash function is -perfect if at most elements from are mapped onto the same value in the range. The "hash, displace, and compress" algorithm can be used to construct -perfect hash functions by allowing up to collisions. The changes necessary to accomplish this are minimal, and are underlined in t... | wikipedia |
wiki_7898_chunk_3 | Proof of work | Background
One popular system, used in Hashcash, uses partial hash inversions to prove that computation was done, as a goodwill token to send an e-mail. For instance, the following header represents about 252 hash computations to send a message to calvin@comics.net on January 19, 2038: X-Hashcash: 1:52:380119:calvin@co... | wikipedia |
wiki_39597_chunk_12 | Ancillary services (electric power) | U.S. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission 1995, Promoting Wholesale Competition Through Open Access Non-discriminatory Transmission Services by Public Utilities, Docket RM95-8-000, Washington, DC, March 29.
E. Hirst and B. Kirby, “Ancillary Services,” Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Technical Report ORNL/CON 310, Febru... | wikipedia |
wiki_3020_chunk_12 | Power of two | Selected powers of two
28 = 256
The number of values represented by the 8 bits in a byte, more specifically termed as an octet. (The term byte is often defined as a collection of bits rather than the strict definition of an 8-bit quantity, as demonstrated by the term kilobyte.)
210 = 1,024
The binary approximation... | wikipedia |
wiki_19899_chunk_1 | MARK IV (software) | MARK IV was developed for IBM Systems (360 and 370) and for the RCA Spectra 70. Its main benefit was allowing faster application development on the order of 6 to 10 times faster than doing a system using a 3GL, such as COBOL. MARK IV, being an early 4GL, allowed user development of systems related to business. In a 197... | wikipedia |
wiki_626_chunk_19 | Combinatorial chemistry | Oftentimes, it is not possible to use expensive equipment, and Schwabacher, et al. describe a simple method of combining parallel synthesis of library members and evaluation of entire libraries of compounds. In their method, a thread that is partitioned into different regions is wrapped around a cylinder, where a diffe... | wikipedia |
wiki_14206_chunk_5 | Chemistry education | Perspective of chemical educators
A second perspective is defined by a self-identified group of chemical educators, faculty members and instructors who, as opposed to declaring their primary interest in a typical area of laboratory research (organic, inorganic, biochemistry, etc.), take on an interest in contributing ... | wikipedia |
wiki_15588_chunk_20 | N-body simulation | An example of a programmatically stable and scalable method for containing kinematic data for a particle is the use of fixed length arrays, which in optimised code allows for easy memory allocation and prediction of consumed resources. In C++, this is trivial:struct Vector3
{
double e[3] = { 0 }; Vector3() {}
~... | wikipedia |
wiki_39905_chunk_12 | Religious and political symbols in Unicode | Tibetan block
The Unicode chart for the Tibetan block notes several religious symbols:
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Symbol !! Code point !! Name and notes
|-
| || U+0FD5 || style="text-align:left" | RIGHT-FACING SVASTI SIGN = gyung drung nang -khor (symbol of good luck and well-being in India)
|... | wikipedia |
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