id stringlengths 36 36 | question stringlengths 1 1.57k | opa stringlengths 1 287 | opb stringlengths 1 287 | opc stringlengths 1 286 | opd stringlengths 1 301 | cop class label 4
classes | choice_type stringclasses 2
values | exp stringlengths 1 22.5k ⌀ | subject_name stringclasses 21
values | topic_name stringlengths 3 135 ⌀ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
47978c7d-8176-4c2c-bda2-ae6bbf235841 | "Onion-skin" fibrosis of bile duct is seen in | Primary biliary cirrhosis | Primary sclerosing cholangitis | Extrahepatic biliary fibrosis | Congenital hepatic fibrosis | 1b | single | Pathology of Primary sclerosing cholangitis Cholangiocytea, epithelial cells that lines the bile duct are target cell of injury in PSC Histologic finding "Onion skin appearance" is pathognomic of PSC, but seen in <10% cases Involvement of large intrahepatic and extrahepatic duct distinguishes PSC from PBC Absence of th... | Anatomy | G.I.T |
13a7ceee-27d9-46d6-bc59-25bd6089b19f | Cullen's sign - | Bluish disclolouration of the flanks | Bluish disclolouration of the flanks | Migratory thrombophelebitis | Subcutaneous fat necrosis | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Bluish discolouration in the umbilicus Cullen's sign - Bluish discoloration at the umbilicus Grey Turner's sign - Bluish discoloration at the flanks Ct. Mnemonic: GF (Girl Friend) Cullens --> Umbilicus Grey Turner's --> Flanks | Surgery | null |
87990c46-df6a-4998-bed1-28a13cf45dee | A 25-year-old woman sustains a deep, open laceration over her right forearm in a motorcycle accident. The wound is cleaned and sutured. Which of the following cell types mediates contraction of the wound to facilitate healing? | Endothelial cells | Fibroblasts | Macrophages | Myofibroblasts | 3d | single | The myofibroblast is the cell responsible for wound contraction as well as the deforming pathologic process termed wound contracture. Myofibroblasts exe their contractile effects by forming syncytia,in this they are bound together by tight junctions. -Fibroblasts (choice B) tend to be solitary cells, surrounded by coll... | Pathology | Wound Healing |
52218ca8-bf46-407e-973b-94989c5e7fc9 | A 27 year old sexually active male develops a vesicobullous lesion on the glans soon after taking tab paracetamol for fever. The lesion healed with hyper pigmentation. The most likely diagnosis is: | Bechet's syndrome | Herpes genitalis | Fixed drug eruption | Pemphigus vulgaris | 2c | multi | C ie Fixed drug eruption Fixed Drug Eruption - Adverse cutaneous drug reaction appearing soon after ingestions (from 30 min to 8-16 hours) of offending agent in previously sensitized individuals - Numerous drugs, including anti-inflammatory agents (eg salicylates, NSAID's including paracetamol), phenylhutazone, phenace... | Skin | null |
56c5fb3a-4287-409d-8260-cf2afdacec68 | A patient suffering from AIDS presents with history of dyspnea and non- productive cough x-ray shows bilateral perihilar opacities without pleural effusion and lymphaden-opathy. Most probable etiological agent is : | Tuberculosis | CMV | Kaposis sarcoma | Pneumocystis carinii | 3d | single | D i.e. Pneumocystic carinii | Radiology | null |
8de3b25e-7b5a-4e3d-807e-90aca6890ab0 | Which of the following is true about P. Falciparum - | James donts are seen | Accole forms are seen | Relapses are frequent | Longest incubation period | 1b | multi | P.falciparum Forms in peripheral blood-ring forms and gametocytes (crescent shaped) A) Most pathogenic B). No relapses in P.falciparum-exo-erythrocytic schizogony is absent C). Complications-pernicious malaria,black water fever D)pernicious malaria-1). Cerebral malaria-hyperpyrexia, coma,paralysis.Brain is congested.Ca... | Microbiology | parasitology |
ff2f1fde-9356-4e89-9ed5-cc073b0a5557 | The outer covering of diatom is made of ? | Magnesium | Silica | Hydrocarbons | None | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Silicon The extracellular coat of diatoms has silica. Diatoms are unicellular algae, suspended in water. They have silicaceous cell wall (i.e. cell wall contains silica) which resist acid digestion and putrefaction. Only live body with a circulation can transpo diatoms form lung to brain, bone marrow,... | Forensic Medicine | null |
ffd1f9fc-0803-4016-af86-5721e1d0a726 | Which of the following is not a side effect of clozapine: | Agranulocytosis | Seizures | Sialosis | Weight loss | 3d | single | Ref: KDT 6/e p429 Clozapine and other atypical antipsychotic resulting weight gain. | Pharmacology | Central Nervous system |
5ccbd9dc-f8d4-40c7-a42b-102c99ee2d73 | Most cardiotoxic local anesthetic ? | Procaine | Bupivacaine | Cocaine | Lidocaine | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Bupivacaine | Anaesthesia | null |
e4d6faec-a13d-4a4c-96bf-88267b021fcc | True about DNA reconstruction technology | Restriction endonucleases are involved | DNA ligase is used | Acid phosphatase is used | Reverse transcriptase needed | 0a | multi | DNA phenotyping (fee-no-type-ing) is the process of predicting an organism's phenotype using only genetic information collected from genotyping or DNA sequencing. This term, also known as molecular photofitting, is primarily used to refer to the prediction of a person's physical appearance and/or biogeographic ancestry... | Biochemistry | Metabolism of nucleic acids |
8229551e-04a4-41e0-b45e-4499fb7c8c30 | Purple coloured reamer is numbered: | 8 | 10 | 15 | 30 | 1b | single | null | Dental | null |
e646f3f3-65dc-4868-adb8-292793371de4 | Which of the following antibodies is highly specific for systemic lupus erythematosus - | Anti-Sm | Anti-RO-1 | Anti-UIRNP | Anti-Centeromere | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Anti-Sm | Medicine | SLE |
0115ebc8-295f-4460-a060-7293f15ebe0e | Which of the following artery supplies parathyroid glands? | Superior thyroid artery | Inferior thyroid artery | Common carotid artery | Middle thyroid artery | 1b | single | Ans. B Inferior thyroid arteryRef: Gray's, 41sted. pg. 472* Both upper & lower parathyroid glands are supplied by the inferior thyroid arteryVascular Supply and Lymphatic Drainage of Parathyroid Gland* Inferior thyroid arteries provide primary blood supply to posterior aspect of thyroid gland and parathyroid glands (wh... | Anatomy | Neuroanatomy |
f8dafdc2-6aca-44ed-8351-44a86a610492 | The voice in a patient with bilateral abductor paralysis of larynx is: | Puberuophonia | Phonasthenia | Dysphonia plicae ventricularis | Normal or good voice | 3d | single | Ans. is d i.e. normal or good voice Management Lateralization of cord by arytenoidectomy, endoscopic surgery, thyroplasty type II, cordectomy In emergency cases -Tracheostomy may be required Also know Generally patients with bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy have a recent history of thyroid surgery or rarely an... | ENT | null |
a2019989-5010-458f-821b-b10152ac2ee5 | Time interval between acute and persistent psychotic disease is ? | 1 week | 2 week | 3 week | 1 months | 3d | single | Ans. is `d' i.e., 1 months If symtoms are for less than 1 months, it is transient psychotic disorder and if there are for more than 1 months, it is persistent psychotic disorder (persistent delusional disorder). Note:- Diagnosic criteria for delusional disorder (Persistent delusion disorder) has different durations in ... | Psychiatry | null |
a2a728a5-4b89-4d8e-9e3e-660fad73e75a | Which interleukin is needed for differentiation of eosinophils: September 2009 | IL1 | IL2 | IL4 | IL5 | 3d | single | Ans. D: IL5 | Physiology | null |
8e34ab02-8c87-464e-b558-5da288829166 | An injury to the shown area can lead to fracture of which bone (FMGE June 2019) | Lunate | Scaphoid | Hamate | Trapezium | 1b | single | Anatomical snuff box: The given picture shows anatomical snuff box which is a depression formed at the posterolateral side of the wrist and metacarpal by the extensor tendons passing into the thumb. Base of the triangle is at the wrist and apex is directed into thumb. It is most apparent when thumb is extended. Boundar... | Anatomy | FMGE 2019 |
7dc712c5-5269-408a-8ed7-edbb3f8467d5 | Injury to long thoracic nerve leads to | Winging of scapula | Pointing index | Claw hand | Wrist drop | 0a | single | Injury to long thoracic nerve causes paralysis of serratus anterior muscle which clinically manifests as winging of scapula. The patient also finds difficulty in overhead abduction and touching the opposite shoulder. B D Chaurasia 7th edition Page no: 45 | Anatomy | Upper limb |
2c7a1b1a-35ca-4e02-aae1-df107d9b5ec5 | Drug of choice in dermatitis herpetiformis is: | Corticosteroids | Colchicine | Dapsone | Chloroquine | 2c | single | Ans. (c) DapsoneRef. katzung 11th ed. /1468* Dermatitis herpetiformis is a chronic blistering skin condition, characterised by blisters filled with a watery fluid.* DH is neither related to nor caused by herpes virus: the name means that it is a skin inflammation having an appearance similar to herpes.* It characterize... | Pharmacology | Anti-Leprotic |
2739538d-1d47-4327-99b3-3070e378d912 | Which of the following is the preferred local
anesthetic technique for hemophiliacs? | Nerve block | Supraperiosteal | Intraligamentary | Field block | 2c | single | null | Surgery | null |
6c160be8-fcf3-4fd5-9de8-150039853a5f | A 35-year-old man is taken to the emergency depament because he is coughing up large volumes of blood. He does not have any history suggestive of exposure to tuberculosis, and a chest x-ray film does not show a mass lesion. Chest x-ray films performed on the day of admission and daily for the next several days show asy... | Bullous pemphigoid | Graves disease | Hereditary angioedema | Rheumatoid ahritis | 0a | multi | This patient has Goodpasture syndrome, which is a rare, severe autoimmune disease in which antibodies directed against the basement membrane in pulmonary alveoli and renal glomeruli predispose for hemoptysis and progressive renal disease. These patients can die because of exsanguination, asphyxiation by blood, or renal... | Medicine | null |
cb36929f-032a-4b15-93a2-b1f542dcc0c1 | A povey-stricken mother suffering from active tuberculosis delivers a baby. Which one of the following advices would be the most appropriate in her case - | Breast feeding and BCG immunization | Breast feeding and isoniazid administration | Expressed breast milk and BCG immunization | Stop feeds and isoniazid administration | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Breast feeding and isoniazid administration o The best answer would have been --> Breast feeding + INH + BCG vaccination. | Pediatrics | null |
3be6ba1d-a69e-4041-84bd-8765d2fa249a | The sago spleen and lardaceous spleen are conditions seen in- | Congestive splenomegaly | Autosplenectomy | Secondaries in spleen | Amyloidosis of the spleen | 3d | single | Amyloidosis of SpleenAmyloid deposition in the spleen, for some unknown reasons, may have one of the following two patterns:1. SAGO SPLEEN. The splenomegaly is not marked and cut surface shows characteristic translucent pale and waxy nodules resembling sago grains and hence the name.Microscopically, the amyloid deposit... | Pathology | miscellaneous |
9fed0184-5324-482f-9b5e-e008998c1503 | All of the following characteristic pattern seen in Brown-Sequard syndrome; except: | Ipsilateral weakness | Ipsilateral loss of position and vibration | Ipsilateral loss of pain and temperature | Contralateral loss of pain and temperature | 2c | multi | Ans. c. Ipsilateral loss of pain and temperatureRef: Ganongs Review of Medical Physiology 25th Ed; Page No-172BROWN-SEQUARD SYNDROMEBrown-Sequard syndrome is caused by damage to one half of the spinal cord, resulting in paralysis and loss of proprioception on the same (or ipsilateral) side as the injury or lesion, and ... | Physiology | Nervous System |
697c8087-a7e8-487f-b3b3-07eb7c4d0f51 | Mandibular 1st molar has: | 2 roots and 2 canals | 2 roots and 3 canals | 3 roots and 3 canals | 3 roots and 4 canals | 1b | single | null | Dental | null |
783d71a9-fccf-4259-98cb-0e5ed306114f | In simple hanging, the knot comes to rest at the: September 2009 | Occiput | Chin | Angle of mandible | Below the cheek | 2c | single | Ans. C: Angle of mandible In most hanging deaths, the ligature and ligature mark lie above the thyroid prominence, with a point of suspension usually behind one ear. Frontal knots are unusual. The appearance of the ligature mark varies with the type of ligature used and with the physical characteristics of the individu... | Forensic Medicine | null |
aab2fe18-065e-46d1-8157-caea468b2d71 | Injury of common peroneal nerve at the lateral aspect of head of fibula results in all of the following except - | Weakness of ankle dorsi-flexion | Foot drop | Loss of ankle reflex | Sensory impairment on lateral aspect of leg extending to the dorsum of foot | 2c | multi | Common peroneal nerve injury may result in
- Foot drop
- Weakness of dorsiflexion
- Inability to extend the toes.
- Loss of eversion
- Sensory loss
Anterior side of leg
Lateral side of leg
Dorsum of foot and toes (including medial side of big toe)
Common peroneal nerve injury does not affect
- Sensation on late... | Anatomy | null |
326e84ff-b473-43ec-9f8d-3287a680c416 | Which of following antibody is pentameric - | IgM | IgG | IgA | IgD | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., IgM * Ig M is a pentameric immunoglobulin with five, four - peptide subunits.* The subunits are joined together by J chain.Remember* J chain is found in IgA and IgM.Also know* I think the following information requires some specific mention here-# There may be confusion about the status of momomer and... | Microbiology | Immunology |
d33d9183-5145-44a5-8bb8-908ea1944448 | Pelkan's spur is seen in? | Rickets | Hypopituitarism | Scurvy | Hypothyroidism | 2c | single | Severe vitamin C deficiency causes scurvy. The usual age of onset is 6 to 18 months. Pseudoparalysis is commonly seen. Hemorrhages occur under the periosteum of long bones. Gum bleeds are common. Costochondral junctions become prominent and appears sharp and angular. Scorbutic rosary is attributed to the separation of ... | Pediatrics | null |
084aa1d7-88f7-4945-b1f9-0f97f065f484 | Which of the following is NOT a content of the axilla: | Axillary vessels | Axillary tail of the breast | Roots of brachial plexus | Intercostobrachial nerve | 2c | single | Contents of axillaAxillary aery and its branchesAxillary vein and its tributariesInfraclavicular pa of brachial plexusFive groups of axillary lymph nodes and the associated lymphaticsThe long thoracic and intercostobrachial nerveAxillary fat and areolar tissue in which the other contents are embeddedLymph nodes of axil... | Anatomy | null |
76d21c33-d9d2-4d54-9cd7-05f02415217a | What is a Baker's Cyst - | Gluteal Abscess | Cyst on the posterior aspect of the thigh | Cyst over the popliteal fossa | Swelling of the bursa of semiteninosus and gracilis | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Cyst over the popliteal fossa Baker's Cvsto A Baker's cyst, also known as a popliteal cyst, is a benign swelling of the semimembranosus or more rarely some othersynovial bursa found behind the knee joint.o Diagnosis is by examination. A Baker's cyst is easier to see from behind with the patient standi... | Surgery | Orthopedics |
4316633d-d026-4881-a698-fa68a4dbafae | Inability to suck on a straw may indicate lesion of which nerve? | II | V | VII | IX | 2c | single | The orbicularis oris muscle encircles the opening of the mouth and helps to bring the lips together to keep the mouth closed. Pursing of mouth is due to orbicularis oris inseed into lips and angle of mouth supplied by VII nerve.The muscles of facial expression are innervated by branches of the facial nerve (VII). After... | Anatomy | null |
bedb4726-66bf-4dae-9d3b-3f4a94478520 | Emile Durkheim is linked with work on which condition is psychiatry | Suicide | Obsessive compulsive disorder | Anxiety disorder | Schizophrenia | 0a | single | Durkheim's theory: first major contribution to the study of social and cultural influences on suicide was made by french sociologist Emile Durkheim. He divided suicides into three social categories- Egoistic, Altruistic amd Anomic. Ref: Synopsis of Psychiatry, 11e, pg 766. | Psychiatry | Cognitive development and defence mechanism |
80645cce-f833-482e-8ec7-41f98bd443a2 | Glycosylated haemoglobin reflects the mean blood glucose level of previous | 15 days | 1 month | 3 months | 6 months | 2c | single | null | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
cb9b861d-4529-4aa5-9ada-64c0b2ff3887 | Which one of the following statements truly represents Bell's paralysis? | Facial nerve paralysis and contralateral Hemiparesis | Combined paralysis of the facial, trigeminal and abducens nerves | Idiopathic ipsilateral paralysis of the facial nerve | Facial nerve paralysis with uveitis and parotid enlargement | 2c | multi | (c) Bell's palsy is idiopathic LMN palsy of facial nerve causing ipsilateral paralysis of face.(Ref. Scott Brown, 6th ed., 1400)Ipsilateral Facial nerve paralysis and contralateral Hemiparesis along with ipsilateral VI nerve palsy constitutes Millard Gubler syndrome. It is a form of "crossed hemiplegia," as the paralys... | ENT | Facial Nerve And Its Disorders |
c4e4de70-9ced-4d80-80a8-4dd08b58b375 | In a specimen of kidney, fibrinoid necrosis is seen and onion peel appearance is also present. Most probable pathology is: | Hyaline degeneration | Hyperplastic aeriosclerosis | Glomerulosclerosis | Fibrillary glomerulonephritis | 1b | single | Histological alterations characterizing blood vessels in malignant hypeension. ? Hyperplastic aeriosclerosis Fibrinoid necrosis of aerioles: Onion-skinning (concentrically arranged smooth muscle with collagen). | Pathology | Basic Concepts |
1665705e-1152-4511-9e8e-251d30b0eca1 | All of the following conditions are associated with an early systolic murmur, EXCEPT: | Aoic stenosis | Tricuspid regurgitation | Papillary muscle dysfunction | Small ventricular septal defect | 0a | multi | Aoic stenosis | Medicine | null |
140a19fc-a436-4fd0-9795-268f35ab2682 | SI unit of Radioactivity is | Curie | Becquerel | Roentgen | Sievert | 1b | single | SI unit - Becquerel
Old unit - Curie | Radiology | null |
b0a81f73-5fc2-4e40-8c7c-80b90262dfb7 | All require hospitalization except | 5% burns in children | 10% scalds in children | Electrocution | 15% deep burns in adults | 0a | multi | null | Surgery | null |
308b8f00-75b5-491b-9a84-ed68ece4dc46 | SA node acts as a pacemaker of the hea because of the fact that it: | Is capable in generating impulses spontaneously | Has rich sympathetic innervations | Has poor cholinergic innervations | Generates impulses at the highest rate | 3d | single | The sinoatrial (SA) node normally displays the highest intrinsic rate. All other pacemakers are referred to as subsidiary or latent pacemakers because they take over the function of initiating excitation of the hea only when the SA node is unable to generate impulses or when these impulses fail to propagate. There is a... | Physiology | null |
53da0711-5b1c-4729-829f-0790bb8daec8 | A 62-year-old diabetic patient presented with a history of progressive right-sided weakness of one-month duration. The patient was also having speech difficulty. Fundus examination showed papilledema. Two months ago, she also had a fall in her bathroom and struck her head against a wall. The most likely clinical diagno... | Alzheimer's disease | Left parietal glioma | Left MCA territory stroke | Left chronic subdural haematoma | 3d | multi | null | Medicine | null |
181d5cc0-a2b7-4302-a539-a966c913bee7 | Which of the following is Calcivirus- | Hepatitis E | Hepatitis B | Hepatitis C | Hepatitis A | 0a | single | Hepatitis A → Picorna Viridae (Single Stranded RNA)
Hepatitis B → Hepadna Viridae (Double stranded circular DNA)*
Hepatitic C → Flavivirus (single stranded RNA)
Hepatitis D → Incomplete RNA virus (causes infection only in presence of Hepatitis B virus)
Hepatitis E → Calcivirus (Single stranded RNA | Microbiology | null |
c7fa5b72-9f2e-4eaa-a848-8063beac2f7f | Not seen in children is | Neuroblastoma | Retinoblastoma | Hepatoblastoma | Seminoma | 3d | single | Seminoma, the most common GCT in adults, does not occur before 5 years of age. seminoma is considered a postpubeal tumor. | Pathology | Pediatrics, environment and nutrition |
a88e7708-0106-45eb-a8aa-0189856b0793 | Which group of anticancer drugs temozolomide belong to : | Oral alkylating agent | Antitumor Antibiotic | Antimetabolite | Mitotic Spindle Inhibitor | 0a | single | Temozolomide is an alkylating agent that can be given orally. | Pharmacology | null |
7a031a5a-48f3-4cdd-854b-3aca92473144 | A patient with traumatic paraplegia due to injury of the thoracic cord of 'T3 level' is observed to have blood pressure f 210/120. What should be the initial management? | Subcutaneous LMWH | Steroids | Nifedipine | Normal saline / Dextrose | 2c | single | Traumatic paraplegia is caused by a lesion of the spinal cord which occurs after a trauma, e.g. veebral fracture causing a puncture to the spinal cord. Any injury of the spinal cord may result in a condition known as autonomic dysreflexia (AD).. Autonomic dysreflexia can cause systolic blood pressure readings to increa... | Medicine | C.N.S |
6b9c613b-b314-46d0-a352-857979c26821 | The drug found to be beneficial in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is : | Riluzole | Methylprednisolone | Hydroxyurea | None of the above | 0a | multi | null | Pharmacology | null |
093038dd-d6c1-49d9-864c-843be04a944f | All are true of the genetic code except ? | Degenerate | Universal | Punctuation | Non overlapping | 2c | multi | C i.e. Punctuation | Biochemistry | null |
880cc1ef-f8fc-45c0-a4fb-ce5fe81be66e | Therapeutic levels of lithium (in mecill) in a patient of acute mania is: | 0.4–0.8 | 0.8–1.2 | 1.2–1.6 | 1.6–2.0 | 1b | single | null | Pharmacology | null |
95265c95-9b0d-4b64-9fcf-2643b72e48aa | Wrong statement is - | Pulses are deficent in methionine | Cerels are deficient in lysine | Wheat deficient in threonine | Maize is deficient in tryptophan & leucine | 3d | multi | Maize is deficent in in tryptophan and lysine. REF. PARK'S TEXTBOOK OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICAL 21ST EDITION. PAGE NO - 579 | Social & Preventive Medicine | Nutrition and health |
cf5faa3c-4e8b-4cbd-a52b-0d5aeed4fd62 | Psammoma bodies are found in which of the following organs? | Stomach | Hea | Lungs | Thyroid | 3d | single | Histologically, with the usual hematoxylin and eosin stain, calcium salts have a basophilic, amorphous granular, sometimes clumped appearance. They can be intracellular, extracellular, or in both locations. In the course of time, heterotopic bone may be formed in the focus of calcification. On occasion single necrotic ... | Pathology | null |
dc5090a9-0718-41b0-b0af-d1cb3fb44f75 | Preload is increased by - | Increased blood volume | Increased total peripheral resistance | Standing | Sitting | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e.. Increase blood volume Preload (Degree of ventricular filling during diastole)o Cardiac preload is represented by volume of venous blood that distends the ventricle, i.e., venous return determines the preload. An increase in preload, i.e., increase in venous return results in a higher end-diastolic vol... | Physiology | Circulation: Cardiac Output, Venous Return |
3d537990-81ce-473b-9a8d-f5098b32131c | Hanifin & Rajke is the diagnostic criteria for | Atopic dermatitis | Contact dermatitis | Uicaria | Erythroderma | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Atopic dermatitis Hanifin and Rajka criteria is for diagnosis of atopic dermatitis. Diagnostic criteria (Hanifin and Rajka) Based mainly on clinical experience Major criteria Family history of atopy Chronicity Pruritus Typical morphology and distribution Minor criteria Dry skin Chelitis Elevated edge ... | Skin | null |
2de9693c-515e-4152-a229-5e6c96848186 | Nerve affected in trendenlenberg test is ? | Superior gluteal nerve | Inferior gluteal nerve | Obturator nerve | Pudendal nerve | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Superior gluteal nerve | Surgery | null |
9f822821-43a4-4366-836e-648ac297e054 | Following predispose to the high risk of vulvovaginal candidiasis except | HIV | Hypeension | Pregnancy | DM | 1b | multi | Several potential risk factors have been described, including the recent use of antibiotics and oral contraceptives, the presence of diabetes mellitus, dietary practices, gastrointestinal colonization by the organism, clothing and sanitary protection practices, sexual communicability of the organism, and HIV, DM, Ref g... | Physiology | All India exam |
dc98be1c-09bb-4063-b2f1-690f2c2ea3e9 | A 71-year-old woman comes to the office with a history of headaches, fatigue, and weight loss for 3 months. The headaches are new for her, and usually not very severe. Her jaw also hurts when she is chewing food. Two days prior, she had briefly lost partial vision in her left eye. There were no other neurologic symptom... | immune complex deposition | arteritis with giant cells | lymphocytic infiltration | type II muscle fiber atrophy | 1b | multi | Temporal artery biopsy is required for definitive diagnosis of giant cell arteritis, because of the relatively nonspecific nature of the presenting symptoms, signs, and routine laboratory tests. The arteritis can be segmental, however, and great care must be taken in the pathologic assessment. | Medicine | C.N.S. |
6350ebdb-0759-4056-bce0-bd35dc9f5943 | The muzzle velocity of given firearm is | 150 m/s | 300 m/s | 360 m/s | 1500 m/s | 0a | single | The revolver, which tends to have a low muzzle velocity of 150 m/s, is a sho barreled weapon with its ammunition held in a metal drum, which rotates each time the trigger is released.The muzzle velocity of pistols varies between 300 and 360 m/s.The rifle is a long-barreled shoulder weapon capable of firing bullets with... | Microbiology | All India exam |
4407a8cd-6210-4bb0-a016-085ab9eeb310 | MAC stands for? | Minimum alveolar concentration | Minimal analgesic concentration | Minimal anesthetic concentration | Maximum alveolar concentration | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Minimum alveolar concentration Minimal alveolar concentration (MAC)* Most important measure of potency is minimal alveolar concentration (MAC). MAC is the lowest concentration of the anesthetic in pulmonary alveoli needed to produce immobility in response to a painful stimulus (surgical incision) in 5... | Anaesthesia | Fundamental Concepts |
ccb4670b-95d4-4b9c-879e-bd30a72c7e4f | Acute onset of blurred vision and absent pupillary response with rapidly progressive descending muscular weakness manifesting as quadriparesis in an afebrile 20 year old male with preserved sensorium is - | Porphyria | Botulism | Polio | Diphtheria | 1b | single | Ans. is tb' i.e., Botulism Remember these important points about Botulismo Acute onset of weakness in muscles innervated by cranial nerve with prominent bulbar palsy (4D's) i.e. -# Diplopia# Dysphonia# Dysphagia# Dysarthriao Descending symmetrical weakness occurs often leading to weakness,o Sensory' abnormalities are a... | Medicine | Toxicology |
6740e137-8c0f-46d6-b638-bddd76af3cf6 | All are affected in Graft-Versus host reaction | Skin | GIT | Liver | Lung | 3d | multi | • GVHD affects skin (earliest organ), intestine and liver
• Lungs are not affected in GVHD. For details see text. | Pathology | null |
eb92f25f-29ec-4931-b26b-e76816b33c70 | Vitamin D is maximum in - | Milk | Fish fat | Eggs | Cod liver oil | 3d | single | Cod liver oil But overall Richest source is Halibut liver oil Ref: Park 25th edition Pgno : 653 | Social & Preventive Medicine | Nutrition and health |
768ac204-670b-4707-899d-e030964e00ee | All of the following drugs are used in emergency management of acute hyperkalemia except: | Calcium gluconate | Salbutamol | Glucose-Insulin | Intravenous magnesium sulphate | 3d | multi | Treatment of Hyperkalemia: IV Ca gluconate Insulin drip Salbutamol/ nebulization IV Furosemide Hemodialysis | Pharmacology | Hypeension, Arrhythmias, Dyslipidemia |
075c6aab-1ef0-43c9-926f-7770b3ed4507 | A female presents with significant blood loss due to post-partum haemorrhage (PPH). What would be the shock index (HR/systolic BP)? | 0.3-0.5 | 0.5-0.7 | 0.7-0.9 | 0.9-1.1 | 3d | single | Shock index = heartrate/systolic BP
Normal = 0.5–0.7
If it becomes 0.9–1.1 it indicates massive blood loss and need for intensive resuscitation. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
4551e60a-c5c8-4827-a768-bebabf6cd36b | Subnuclear cytoplasmic vacuolization is seen in which stage of menstural cycle ? | Proliferative phase | During mensturation | Secretory phase | None | 2c | multi | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Secretory phaseSubnuclear cytoplasmic vacuolization is seen in early secretory phase.Histological features in secretory phasei) Basal location of gland cell nuclei (Post-ovulation day 5-6 and later in cycle).ii) Subnuclear cytoplasmic vacuolization (early secretory phase).iii) Serated glandular config... | Physiology | null |
6a772c13-d3fa-4854-a2a2-b7aa1bc1f431 | what is the root value of phrenic nerve? | C3,4,5 | C2,3,4 | C4,5,6 | C5,6,7 | 0a | single | * Phrenic nerve (C3,C4,C5)- It descends in front of scalenus anterior muscle . * Descends down to enters thorax where it lies between subclan vein(in front) and subclan aery lies behind it . * Fuher it descends in front of hilum of the lungs (whereas vagus nerve descends behind the hilum of lungs) * It is mixed nerve s... | Anatomy | Bronchopulmonary Segments, Embryonic veins |
3a2f6c05-c606-48c0-9e66-cef8629b45a7 | Antibiotics are indicated in which type of psoriasis? | Guttate | Pustular | Chronic plaque psoriasis | Erythrodermic psoriasis. | 0a | single | Ref: Rook's Textbook of DermatologyExplanation:Guttate psoriasis (Eruptive psoriasis)Presents as shower of small psoriatic lesions, appearing more or less generally over the body, particularly in children and young adults, after acute streptococcal infections.Guttate psoriasis is classically triggered by a bacterial in... | Skin | Psoriasis |
ae1fabce-4c79-470a-adac-4250080d5761 | A patient has Bullous Lesion; on Tzank smear - | Langerhans ceils are seen | Acantholysis | Leucocytosis | The absence of melanin pigment | 1b | single | Ans-BTzank smearo It is done for vesiculobullous disorders.o A small, early, uninfected lesion should ideally be selected. The roof of the blister is removed with scissors, and the base of the blister gently scraped with a blunt scalpel so as not to produce bleeding. The material obtained is spread thinly on a glass sl... | Unknown | null |
1e6f0f44-24d6-4489-bb68-ce87af037ecc | Which of the following has propensity to metastasize through lymph nodes - | Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma | Osteosarcoma | Both | None | 0a | multi | Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma is a type of rhabdomyosarcoma characterized by its appearance, which is similar to the alveoli of the lungs. It can be associated with a fusion protein between PAX3 and FKHR (now known as FOXO1). It can also be associated with PAX7-FKHR.Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) typically affects all ag... | Pathology | General pathology |
3a069379-2b20-4c7e-8392-1c8c61dfa9ce | Key symptom in alcohol withdrawal syndrome is: | Sleep disturbance | Visual hallucinations | Tremors | Delirium | 2c | multi | Ans: C. TremorsKey symptom - Tremor.Withdrawal SyndromesSubstanceFeaturesOpioidYawningdeg, Insomnia, Dysphoric moodWater loss from different orificesdeg (Lacrimationdeg, sweatingdeg, diarrheadeg, vomiting, Increased vitalsdeg (BP, Pulse, RR, Temperature)degPupillary dilation, piloerectiondegAlcoholHang over (MC)degHall... | Psychiatry | null |
7bcc73e5-49fb-44cd-ad92-0097c9769dc0 | Which of the following is not used as hemostatic agent during furcation repair? | Ca(OH)2 | Ferric sulphate | Calcium sulphate | Collagen | 1b | single | null | Dental | null |
15563c94-f3b0-44c5-87d4-54f9cdfd3d2b | Bonded retainers are popular in which area of dentition? | Lower anteriors | Lower posteriors | Upper anteriors | Upper posteriors | 0a | single | null | Dental | null |
694d3e8f-b57c-405d-89e6-8e1fcb4f2ba7 | Figure of 8 in chest X-ray is seen in – | Ebstein anomaly | Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) | Tetrology of fallot | Transposition of great vessels | 1b | multi | Snowman's sign or figure of 8 sign is seen in supracardiac TAPVC. | Radiology | null |
a37df1c3-204e-4341-abf3-fb23433d0438 | Parafollicular 'C' cells develop from: | Parafollicular 'C' cells develop from: | Second branchial cleft | Ultimobranchial body | Third branchial pouch | 2c | single | C. i.e. Ultimobronchial body | Anatomy | null |
1b8960e0-a53c-434d-bbdc-c8b0efbe02c6 | AMPLE history includes all of the following except; | Allergy. | Personal history. | Last meal. | Medication | 1b | multi | AMPLE history is a useful mnemonic for this purpose:
Allergies
Medications currently used
Past illnesses/Pregnancy
Last meal
Events/Environment related to the injury | Surgery | null |
d6c0c080-55a0-49db-bfcb-acc26dfa26f8 | Which of the following enzymes require Vitamin C for their activity? | Procollagen proline hydroxylase | Procollagen amino peptidase | Procollagen carboxyl peptidase | Lysyl oxidase | 0a | single | Vitamin C plays the role of a coenzyme in hydroxylation of proline and lysine while protocollagen is converted to collagen (i.e. post-translational modification). The hydroxylation reaction is catalysed by lysyl hydroxylase (for lysine) and prolyl hydroxylase (for proline). | Biochemistry | null |
a6283983-21e4-4d84-8aba-ed6a1ad6d33f | The mechanism of action of cephalosporin is: | Interferes with cell wall synthesis | Inhibition ol DNA gyrase | Inhibition of protein synthesis | Inhibition of DMA polymerase | 0a | multi | Ans: A (Interferes with cell wall synthesis) Ref: Goodman & Gilmans The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 12th ed, 2011. Pg 1479, 1493: Basic and Clinical Pharmacology by Katzung, 2012, 12th ed, Pg 792Explanation:Cephalosporin inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis.Its mechanism of action is similar to penicillin ... | Pharmacology | Penicillin & Cephalosporin |
ef888510-5f56-4297-8a12-28f3fc3b0371 | Reduced FEV 1, Normal FVC and FEV 1/FVC ratio less than 0.7 .which is reversible with bronchodilator s is consistent with | Bronchial Asthma | Hypersensitivity penumonitis | Sarcoidosis | Polyaeritis nodosa | 0a | single | In Asthma FEV1(forced expiratory volume in 1 second), FVC(forced vital capacity, is the total volume exhaled), FEV1/FVC decreases. To daignose Asthma: Compatible clinical history plus either : 1)FEV1>12% increase following administration of a bronchodilator or glucocoicoids. 2)FEV1>15% decrease after 6min of exercise 3... | Medicine | Respiratory system |
1c6a56ac-46fd-451b-ac07-7a3364abb2e8 | A patient married for 3 years, unable to conceive, has regular menstrual cyclesHusbands semen analysis is normal and so is his hormonal profile What is the right time in menstrual cycle to do endometrial biopsy for infeility:- | 12-14 days | 17-19 days | 20-22 days | 3-5 days | 2c | single | Endometrial biopsy is best done on 21st - 23rd day of the cycle. Evidences of secretory activity of the endometrial glands in the second half of the cycle give not only the diagnosis of ovulation but can predict the functional integrity of the corpus luteum. Luteal Phase Defect- Lag of 2 to 4 days in observed/expected ... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Normal Menstruation, Abnormal Menstruation, Menopausal Physiology and forsight of conception |
786921b8-a941-4eb0-8c38-ebbf097c2bf9 | Which of the following is not a feature of RPGN? | Oliguria | Edema | Hypeension | Rapid recovery | 3d | single | Patients with RPGN presents with features of glomerulonephritis such as hematuria, edema and hypeension in association with a rapidly progressive loss of renal function. When untreated these patients rapidly develop end stage renal disease and death can occur within weeks to months. Reference: Robbins Pathologic Basis ... | Medicine | null |
28e8ae2f-b81b-4c7f-a9d8-f65ad9df49b8 | Bed strength at CHC: | 6-Apr | 10 | 30 | 50 | 2c | single | Community Health Centre (CHC)
Secondary level of health care.
Located for population of 1,20,000 in plains.
Located for population of 80,000 in hilly areas.
Staff at CHC : 46-52
Acts as referral unit for 4 PHCS.
Bed strength : 30 | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
51af9d9e-1ad2-442b-9aa6-0b88d289a079 | Most common cytochrome associated with metabolism of drugs is ? | CYP3A4/5 | CYP2D6 | CYP2C8/9 | CYP2Cl.9 | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., CYP3A4/5 Cyp 3 A 4/5 carryout biotransformation of largest number (nearly 50%) of drugs. | Pharmacology | null |
1d20c2ee-2f93-4cf3-9ebb-3c5d8117abf6 | Which premolar resembles a canine | Maxillary 1st premolar | Mandibular 1st premolar | Maxillary 2nd premolar | Mandibular 2nd premolar | 1b | single | Mandibular 1st premolar resembles canine from buccal aspect and it has almost rudimentary lingual cusp which further makes it canine alike. | Dental | null |
6f420fb2-0c31-4130-b436-ed0cf8f43d75 | The alveoli are normally kept dry by the:- | Macrophages | Surfactant | Negative intrapleural pressure | High pCO2 in the alveoli | 1b | multi | Surfactant is a mixture of dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline, other proteins & lipids. Role in keeping alveoli dry :- 1. The lipids in the alveolus 2. In the absence of surfactant, the unopposed surface tension in the alveoli would produce a force that greatly ors transudation of fluid from blood into alveoli. Note Fact... | Physiology | Respiratory System Pa 1 |
f481dd2a-ab51-4602-b993-7063d6816e9c | In which of the following, virus is shed in stool? | Herpangina | Influenza | Varicella | Smallpox | 0a | multi | Herpangina:
Respiratory viral shedding can persist for up to 3 weeks and in the stool for up to 8 weeks. Patients are most contagious at this stage.
Influenza:
People with flu can spread it to others up to about 6 feet away. Most experts think that flu viruses spread mainly by droplets made when people with flu cough, ... | Microbiology | null |
76bd3887-86fe-4529-a5e7-0c178a1d4ab8 | Which of the following clinical signs is not associated with acute appendicitis? | Pointing sign | Rovsing's sign | Cullen's sign | Obturator sign | 2c | single | Ans. c (Cullen's sign) (Ref. Bailey and Love 26th/pg. 1203; box 71.4)Signs to elicit in appendicitisClinical signs of Acute Pancreatitis# Pointing sign# Cullen's sign# Rovsing's sign# Grey Turner's sign# Psoas sign# Fox sign# Obturator sign ACUTE APPENDICITIS# Acute appendicitis is relatively rare in infants, and becom... | Surgery | Vermiform Appendix |
3cc9c16b-2271-40ba-828c-d7b8de54f1cc | Rapid fluid resuscitation of the hypovolemic patient after abdominal trauma is significantly enhanced by which of the following? | Placement of long 18-gauge subclavian vein catheters | Placement of percutaneous femoral vein catheters | Bilateral saphenous vein cutdowns | Placement of short, large-bore percutaneous peripheral intravenous catheters | 3d | single | Rapid fluid administration is often the key to successful trauma resuscitation. Some of the important factors affecting the rate of fluid resuscitation include the diameter of the intravenous tubing, the size and length of the venous cannulae, the fluid viscosity, and the site of administration. According to Poiseuille... | Surgery | Trauma |
7b63f051-afa8-45e9-9e56-f0c1b56dac9e | A 16 year old girl was brought to the psychiatric emergency after she slashed her wrist in an attempt to commit suicide. On enquiry her father revealed that she had made several such attempts of wrist slashing in the past, mostly in response to tril fights in her house. Fuher she had marked fluctuations in her mood wit... | Borderline personality disorder | Major depression | Histrionic personality disorder | Adjustment disorder | 0a | single | A i.e. Borderline Personality DisorderSchizophrenia can easily be ruled out by absence of disorganized speech, disorganized behaviour (or catatonia), delusions, hallucinations, & negative symptoms (ex blunt affect) for more than 6 months & leading to social / occupational dysfunction. | Psychiatry | null |
c07923c3-0e53-4314-9b5a-dfd6f92c52a3 | True about active immunity | Less effective | Can be given in immunodeficient state | Immunological memory present | No lag period | 2c | multi | When B cells and T cells are activated by a pathogen, memory B-cells and T- cells develop, and the primary immune response results. Throughout the lifetime of an animal these memory cells will "remember" each specific pathogen encountered, and are able to mount a strong secondary response, if the pathogen is detected a... | Microbiology | Immunology |
1f7578c8-0e54-426f-aba1-67742a84b51c | Vasopressin decreases the volume of urine primarily by causing : | Decrease in glomerular filtration rate | Decrease in renal blood flow | Decrease in water permeability of descending limb of loop of Henle | Increase in water permeability of collecting duct cells | 3d | single | null | Pharmacology | null |
8bb86f81-2b79-4c62-9b02-716612b7e4e1 | All of the following cell types undergo cell division, EXCEPT: | Pericyte | Cardiac muscle cell | Smooth muscle cell | Satellite cell of skeletal muscle | 1b | multi | Myocyte cell division in the human hea ceases a few weeks after bih. Thereafter, enlargement of the hea is as a result of cell hyperophy or the laying down of collagen in the extracellular space. DNA turnover is almost undetectable except in pathologic states. Approximately 20% of myocytes in the human hea have two nuc... | Physiology | null |
bcc7abc2-8bf9-4bc9-aff6-555b85c012b3 | 1st Symptom to go with treatment of schizophrenia | Apathy | Anhedonia | Auditory hallucination | Paucity of thoughts | 2c | multi | C i.e. Auditory hallucinations | Psychiatry | null |
9eff2e40-1455-4396-aa44-df6f94128b0e | Louis Pasteur is associated with all except - | Vaccination of small pox | Germ theory | Pasteurization | Vaccination of rabies | 0a | multi | The development of microbiology as a scientific discipline dates from Louis pasteur (1822-95). He introduced techniques of sterilisation and developed the steam sterilizer,Hot air oven and auto clave. He also established the differing growth needs of different bacteria and contributed to the knowledge of anthrax,chicke... | Microbiology | general microbiology |
8e31ce90-cfb7-4059-bafe-e7aaa1ed08b6 | In post-term pregnancy, there is increased risk of all except | Postpaum hemorrhage | Meconium aspiration syndrome | Intracranial hemorrhage | Placental insufficiency leading to fetal hypoxia | 0a | multi | Post maturity DOES NOT put mother at risk.Increased morbidity may occur due to hazards of induction. Post term pregnancy causes an increased risk of placental insufficiency due to placental ageing,meconium aspiration and intracranial hemorrhage. (TB of obstetrics DC DUTTA 8th edition pg 374) | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Abnormal labor |
6a1ea4bf-28e4-41b6-8a95-8e1ea2b97c68 | According to AJCC 8th edition, staging of 2 cm size pancreatic cancer if it involves poal vein in: | T1 | T2 | T3 | T4 | 0a | single | 8th AJCC(2017) TNM Classification of Pancreatic cancer Tis Carcinoma in situ T1 Tumor limited to pancreas upto 2 cm in greatest dimension T1a : Tumor <= 0.5 cm in greatest dimension T1B: Tumor > 0.5 cm but <= 1 cm in greatest dimension T1c : Tumor > 1 cm but <= 2 cm in greatest dimension T2 Tumor limited to pancreas > ... | Surgery | Pancreas |
ae38b489-1ba0-4dea-bd9a-3a683651d95a | The following are related to fetal erythropoiesis except : | In the embryonic phase, the erythropoiesis is first demonstrated in the spleen | By 20th week, the liver becomes the major site of erythropoiesis | Near term, the bone marrow becomes the major site of erythropoiesis | At term 75-80% of haemoglobin is fetal type (HbF) | 0a | multi | Primitive hematopoiesis and vasculogenesis first occur in the yolk sac followed by liver and finally bone marrow, leading to the production of blood and vessels respectively Blood islands, clusters of primitive erythrocytes surrounded by endothelial cells, arise from the extraembryonic mesoderm in the yolk sac Hematopo... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | General obstetrics |
571af714-578c-4f10-bfc8-a058f7fbed88 | First clinical sign of Vitamin - A deficiency is: | Night blindness | Conjunctival xerosis | Bitot's spots | Keratomalacia | 1b | single | All the ocular manifestations of Vitamin - A deficiency are collectively known as 'Xerophthalmia' (Dry Eye). - Xerophthalmia is most common in children aged 1-3 years. 'First clinical sign' of Vitamin - A deficiency: Conjunctival xerosis . 'First clinical symptom' of Vitamin - A deficiency: Night blindness. Conjunctiva... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Vitamins and Nutritional Deficiencies |
e947a1fe-dc52-4f2e-bcc9-cdd095f7b6a4 | Most common cause of umbilicus does not separate at age of 2 years | Raspbery tumour | Leukocyte adhesion deficiency | Patent urachus | Umblical granuloma | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Leukocyte adhesion deficiency | Surgery | null |
db23aede-4b57-40ec-829d-2ff5f2b11531 | The drug of choice for prevention of seizures in a patient with severe preeclampsia is : | Phenytoin | Magnesium sulphate | Diazepam | Nifedipine | 1b | single | null | Pharmacology | null |
472c4566-3ac9-452f-a609-7d18544d3a08 | Left bundle branch block (LBBB) on ECG can suddenly develop in all of the following except | Acute MI | Ashman syndrome | Hypokalemia | Hyperlcalernia | 2c | multi | null | Medicine | null |
91d11336-a972-45f0-8480-9dadf9f6d95c | Various factors are involved in inflammation. Which among the following is NOT a mediator of inflammation? | Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF) | Interferon | Myeloperoxidase | Prostaglandins | 2c | single | Tumour necrosis factor, interferon, prostaglandins are mediators of inflammation. The protein MPO is a marker of azurophil granules. MPO reacts with H2O2, formed by the NADPH oxidase, and increases the toxic potential of this oxidant. Through oxidation of chloride, tyrosine, and nitrite, the H2O2-MPO system induces for... | Pathology | null |
61b18931-f30d-4d83-873c-a6ac84462364 | In Against-the-rule astigmatism: | Veical meridian is more curved than the horizontal | Horizontal meridian is more curved than the veical | Both meridia are equally curved | None of the above | 1b | multi | Ans. Horizontal meridian is more curved than the veical | Ophthalmology | null |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.