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e9ea3745-05f0-4c49-a401-13f1b6007dd0 | All are features of somatization disorder except - | Frequently changing pain sites | Sexual symptoms | Paresthesia | Professional patients | 3d | multi | Professional patient refers to Munchausen syndrome (factitious disorder). | Psychiatry | null |
68c8cd1c-2611-4392-8079-3e1100cc711a | Most common site for Osteomyelitis: | Epiphysis | Metaphysis | Diaphysis | Sub-chondral growth plate | 1b | single | Ans. (b) MetaphysisRef.: Maheshwari 5th ed. 1168* Hematogenous osteomyelitis is an infection caused by bacterial seeding from the blood.* Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis is characterized by an acute infection of the bone caused by the seeding of the bacteria within the bone from a remote source. This condition primari... | Orthopaedics | Osteomyelitis |
f01146bf-ec9c-4ec9-a726-1a31f8bb3263 | Release ferroportin store is controlled by? | Hepsidin | Transferrin | Ferritin | Hepoxin | 0a | single | Ans. (a) Hepsidin(Ref: Robbins 9th/pg 649; 8th/pg 659)Ferroportin which regulates the Iron release from tissue store house is regulated by hepsidin hormone released by liver. | Pathology | Misc. (R.B.C) |
9a1916e3-99ff-4096-8450-753ca328fd6f | Which protease inhibitor has boosting effect? | Amprenavir | Tenovir | Nelfinavir | Ritonavir | 3d | single | Retroviral protease Inhibitors (Pis): An aspaic protease enzyme encoded by HIV is involved in the production of structural proteins and enzymes (including reverse transcriptase) of the virus. The large viral polyprotein is broken into various functional components by this enzyme. This protease acts at a late step in HI... | Pharmacology | Chemotherapy |
42d1ea77-4290-49d9-90f3-c668b5101688 | If a person has visual acuity 6/6. At what distance will he/she be able to read 6/24 lines | 6 metres | 24 metres | 36 metres | 48 metres | 1b | single | Answer- B. 24 metresVisual acuity 616 means that a Person with normal visual acutiy can read the smallest line at a distance of 6 meters.Visual acdty 6124 means that this person can read paicular letters/lines at a distance of 6 meters which a person with normal visual acuity can read from a distance of 24 mm. | Ophthalmology | null |
269fb798-5b06-4848-a527-ee75f8f4aa06 | Which of the following is not a function of gut flora | Protection against parenteral infections | Synthesis of vitamin K | Decreased proliferation of epithelial cells | Fermentation of mucin | 2c | single | If the intestinal microbes are eliminated, the intestinal contents become voluminous, the caecum is dilated and the intestine remains thinly walled. Historically, in germ-free animals, the villi are shoer, epithelial cell turnover is reduced and gut-associated lymphoid tissue is atrophic. From a functional point of vie... | Physiology | G.I.T |
4bfb0267-bfbe-4953-b2e5-82e7b5f3fb5b | A well Differenciated follicular carcinoma of thyroid can be best Differentiated from a Follicular Adenoma by | Huhle cell change | Lining of tall columnar and cuboidal cells | Vascular invasion | Nuclear features | 2c | multi | FNAC is is of limited value in the preoperative diagnosis of follicular thyroid cancer. Diagnosis of follicular thyroid cancer requires demonstration of cellular invasion of the capsule or vascular or lymphatic channels. Source : Sabiston 20th edition Pg : 905 | Surgery | Endocrinology and breast |
19703614-adc5-4a98-92f9-065da2f0f15b | True regarding Monteggia fracture is: | Upper ulnar fracture & dislocated radial head | Upper radial fracture & dislocated ulna | Lower radial fracture & dislocated ulna | Lower ulnar fracture & dislocated radius | 0a | multi | : Upper ulnar fracture & dislocated radial head Monteggia fracture-dislocations are classified by the Bado system Bado type I injuries are characterized by a proximal ulnar fracture with anterior dislocation of the radial head. This is due to a forceful pronation injury of the forearm and is the most common type. Bado ... | Orthopaedics | All India exam |
0d1b7cf3-a9d7-41b8-9d3e-02c779855560 | Vasoconstrictor anong these ? | NO | PGI2 | Angiotensin-II | ANP | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Angiotensin-IIImpoant chemical regulator of CVS are :Vasoconstrictors : Noradrenaline, Adrenaline, ADH (vasopressin), angiotension II, Endothelins, PGF2, thromboxane A2.Vasodilators : Kinins (Bradykinin, lysyl-bradykinin), PGE,, PGL (prostacyclin), VIP, ANP, Nitric oxide (NO) | Pathology | null |
d1ea3ca3-fc30-4991-80fa-91cbfe3c4c7a | Most common cause of Foley catheter induced UTI | E. coli | Klebsiella | Pseudomonas | Staphylococci | 0a | single | Ans. (a) E. coliRef Bailey and Love 26th Edition, Page 276* Urinary infection is the most commonly associated infection in postoperative period* Most common organism isolated in catheter related Infections: E. coli | Surgery | Urethra & Penis |
a87d6592-2063-49e1-bbbc-dea8027ccb50 | A 22-year-old woman experiences a sudden onset of severe lower abdominal pain. Physical examination shows no masses, but there is severe tenderness in the right lower quadrant. A pelvic examination shows no lesions of the cervix or vagina. Bowel sounds are detected. An abdominal ultrasound scan shows a 4-cm focal enlar... | Cervical culture positive for Neisseria gonorrhoeae | Detection of human chorionic gonadotropin in serum | 69, XXY karyotype on decidual tissue cells | Pap smear showing pseudo hyphae of Candida | 1b | multi | Conditions predisposing to ectopic pregnancy include chronic salpingitis (which may be caused by gonorrhea, but a culture would be positive only with acute infection), intrauterine tumors, and endometriosis. In about half of the cases, there is no identifiable cause. Gestational trophoblastic disease associated with a ... | Pathology | Female Genital Tract |
3b2982df-d351-4c30-b91f-0c5667923076 | Most of the neurons in the Autonomic Nervous System are | Cholinergic | Adrenergic | Noradrenergic | Dopaminergic | 0a | single | Ans: a (cholinergic) Ref: Ganong 22nd ed/ p.226Most of the neurons in ANS are cholinergic.Autonomic Nervous System:Parasympathetic preganglionic fibres have a long course.Parasympathetic postganglionic fibres have a short course. This is because the parasympathetic ganglions are located near the tissues it supplies.Eac... | Physiology | Nervous System |
cbf77acb-a5ae-4e8a-a424-371eec5c1961 | One of the following is not true of International classification of Disease | It is revised once in 10 years | It was devised by UNICEF | The 10th revision consists of 21 major chapters | It is accepted for National and International use | 1b | multi | ICD-10 is the 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) Medical classification list by the World Health Organization (WHO); Revised every 10years Consists of 21chapters The ICD-10 consists of: Tabular lists containing cause-of-death titles and codes (Vol... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Concept of health and disease |
4385f9d2-ff17-4069-9b23-d7ad3adad915 | Expressed breast milk can be stored at room temperature for how many hoursRpt question need to be changed | 4 | 8 | 16 | 24 | 1b | single | EXPRESSED BREAST MILK (EBM) STORAGEDURATIONRoom temperature6-8 hoursRefrigerator(4 C)24 hoursFreezer compament(-15 C)2 weeksDeep freezer (-18 C)3-6 months | Pediatrics | All India exam |
34e4a300-09b2-463c-91c6-8bb18c412698 | Autoimmune haemolytic anemia is a feature of? | ALL | CML | Burkett's Lymphoma | Lymphoma | 3d | multi | Causes of Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemias
Idiopathic (50%)
Drugs - Methyl dopa;
CLL, Lymphomas
M. Pneumoniae infection.
IMN, SLE and other connective tissue disorders. | Unknown | null |
0fa489b4-a12e-40be-a0b6-0a5bf19f076c | A patient with oral cancer, had ipsilateral lymph node measuring 2 cm, single in number with capsular spread. According to TNM staging it is included under: | Nx | N1 | N2 | N3 | 3d | single | Nx: Nodal status can't be assessed.
No: No lymph nodes.
N1: Single ipsilateral lymph node <3 cm
N2:
A: Single ipsilater lymph 3.6 cm
B: Multiple ipsilater lymph <6 cm
C: Bilateral or contralateral lymph nodes <6 cm.
N3:
Any lymph node with >6 cm, or
Any lymph node with capsular invasion. | Surgery | null |
2d0e223f-ecf4-4948-8045-4ce507b28793 | Tinea unguium effects – | Nail fold | Nail plate | Joints | Inter digital space | 1b | single | Tinea unguium starts either from distal edge of nail plate or from base of nail. It slowly involves the entire nail plate. | Dental | null |
66e4d56b-257d-4708-a3c8-58b1ab635caa | Feature of aging periodontium is | Lacunae in bone and cementum | Increased cell size | Increased cell number | Scalloping of cementum & alveolar bone surface | 3d | multi | null | Dental | null |
feeffea3-16aa-4451-a464-622307125a4f | Regarding severe combined immunodeficiency disease ,which of the following statement is true | Adenosine deaminase deficiency | Decreased circulating lymphocytes | NADPH oxidase deficiency | C1 esterase deficiency | 0a | multi | Ref Robbins 8/e p234;9/e p239 SCID represent a constellation of genetically distinct syndrome, all having in common defect in both humoral and cell mediated immune response | Anatomy | General anatomy |
9ba348e1-553b-4d8a-984a-ad03e04bfe78 | In nasal endoscopy Eustachian tube is examined at? | 1st pass | 2nd pass | 3rd pass | 4th pass | 0a | single | Ans. is'a'i.e., 1st passNasal endoscopy is done in three passes :-First Pass: Examination of nasal cavity, nasopharynx, opening of eustachian tube, walls of nasopharynx, upper surface of soft palate and uvula, opening of eustachian tube of opposite side opening of nasolacrimal duct and inferior meatus. | ENT | null |
ead6fe56-07de-4eca-9a64-a10320f1a750 | Multifocal tumor of vascular origin in a patient of AIDS - | Kaposi sarcoma | Astrocytoma | Gastric Carcinoma | Primary CNS lymphoma | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Kaposi sarcoma Neoplastic disease in AIDS . Kaposi sarcoma (most common tumor) . Non Hodgkin lymphoma - Immunoblastic lymphoma (most common lymphoma) - Primary CNS lymphoma (associated with EBV) - Burkitt's lymphoma . Other less common neoplasm are - Hodgkin's disease - Leukemia - Cervical Ca - Brain ... | Microbiology | null |
ddbac0ae-a957-4e45-881d-250d23b3c2ac | Urethral and bladder neck supports include all except | Pubourethral Ligaments | Arcus tendineus fascia | Levator ani muscles | Uterosacral Ligament | 3d | multi | Supports of Bladder neck
Pubourethral Ligaments
Arcus tendineus fascia
Levator ani muscles
Vagina and its lateral fascial condensations. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
3bfc573d-5493-47a5-9329-f16f7198e4b7 | The height of a child is double the bih height at the age of- | 1 year | 2 years | 3 years | 4 years | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., 4 years o An infant usually doubles his bih height by the age of 41/2 years Age Bih 3 months 9 months 1 year 2 years 41/2 years Height 50 cm 60 cm 70 cm 75 cm 90 cm 100 cm | Pediatrics | null |
6b97edfe-91c2-4519-98f5-3f0ecf23458e | The most common causative organism for lobar pneumonia is : | Staphylococcus aureus | Streptococcus pyogenes | Streptococcus pheumoniae | Haemophilus influenzae | 2c | single | Answer is C (Stretptococcus pneumonia): 'Streptococcus pneumonia or pneumococcus is the most common cause of community acquired acute pneumonia -Robbins 7th/748 Lobar pneumonia refers to an acute bacterial infection that results in consolidation of a large poion of a lobe or an entire lobe. Streptococcus pneumonia prod... | Medicine | null |
f1566f4b-b795-431a-98f9-3b397e063415 | Familial Renal Cell carcinoma is associated with: | Turners syndrome | Alpos syndrome | Peutz-jeghers syndrome | Von Hippel Lindau syndrome | 3d | single | Von Hippel Lindau syndrome | Pathology | null |
e49da6bd-f2e8-4581-a858-2d214da01da9 | Posterior staphyloma is most commonly seen in: March 2012 | Perforating injuries of the peripheral cornea | Developmental glaucoma | Sloughing corneal ulcer | Degenerative myopia | 3d | single | Ans: D i.e. Degenerative myopia Staphyloma & causes The usual causes of intercalary staphyloma are perforating injuries of the peripheral cornea, marginal corneal ulcer, anterior scleritis etc. Developmental glaucoma, end stage primary or secondary glaucoma, scleritis & trauma to the ciliary region of the eye are some ... | Ophthalmology | null |
cc95288d-54de-4886-8bfa-101e9c45ae8b | Unna boot is used for treatment of | Diabetic foot ulcer | Varicose ulcers | Ankle instability | Calcaneum fracture | 1b | single | Answer- B. Varicose ulcersIt is named for the dermatologist Paul Gerson Unna.This boot can be used to treat uninfected nonnecrotic leg and foot ulcers that result from such conditions as venous insuftciency (varicose ulcers) and stasis dermatitis. | Surgery | null |
fb55532a-5cfa-4979-835c-9f31d70ea4c7 | Which of the following is not a step of b-oxidation? | NADP dependent oxidation | FAD dependent oxidation | Thiolysis | Hydration | 0a | multi | 4 repetitive steps of fatty acid oxidation : 1. FAD dependent oxidation 2. Hydration 3. NAD dependent oxidation 4. Thiolysis It is NAD dependent oxidation, not NADP dependent | Biochemistry | Beta oxidation of fatty acids |
cc71e0e7-2fa5-419b-83bd-13328c6270d5 | Reticulocytes are stained with | Methyl violet | Brilliant Cresyl blue | Sudan black | Indigo carmine | 1b | single | Reticulocytes are stained in living state in vitro so staining with dyes like brilliant cresyl blue and new methylene blue is referred to as supravital staining. | Pathology | null |
e3fa1ebf-55d1-4705-91de-e2a3dcfb96b1 | Which is NOT TRUE with regards to antibiotic resistance in bacteria? | Most common mechanism is production of antibiotic destroying enzymes | Lack of target binding site may be mechanism of resistance in some enterococci against vancomycin | Plasmid mediated resistance is transmitted only veically | Target binding shifting is the mechanism in some pneumococci | 2c | multi | Plasmid mediated resistance can be transmitted both horizontally and veically. Routes of horizontal transfer of plasmid mediated resistance are conjugation, transduction and transformation. 3 main mechanisms of drug resistance: Production of beta lactamases: Most common mechanism of penicillin resistance in both gram +... | Microbiology | null |
0386062e-599e-43fa-89b6-89046b74be56 | Changes in blood passing through the systemic capillaries are all except | Increase in hemotocrit | pH decreases | Shift of oxygen dissociation curve to the left | Increase in protein content | 2c | multi | In systemic capillaries pO2<CO2The decrease in O2 affinity of hemoglobin when the pH of blood falls is called the Bohr effect and is closely related to the fact that deoxygenated hemoglobin which occure in systemic capillaries. The pH of blood falls as its CO2 content increases, so that when the PCO2 rises, the curve s... | Physiology | Cardiovascular system |
e7f6536b-8882-4acf-8f6c-1b7b4e3ef3a2 | Aspergillus causes all except: | Bronchopulmonary allergy | Otomycosis | Dermatophytosis | Keratitis | 2c | multi | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Dermatophytosis(Ref: Harrison, 18th/e, p. 1655, 16561)* Dermatophytosis is caused by dermatophytes and Aspergillus is not a dermatophyte. Other options are correct. | Microbiology | Mycology |
5771fc3c-6963-4f48-b66d-422b7607224c | Which cranial nerve's fibers are myelinated by oligodendrocytes? | I | II | III | VII | 1b | single | The fibers of the optic nerve (CN II) are myelinated by oligodendrocytes. This is an impoant distinction from the Other cranial nerves ( myelinated by Schwann cells) because the optic nerve is considered a tract of the central nervous system | Anatomy | Brainstem, cerebellum and ventricles |
c9e81c2d-ec7d-400e-a721-f77997d6df7d | The antihypeensive which cause decrease libido and impoance is | Atenolol | Enalapril | Prazosin | Diltiazem | 0a | single | Diabetics have a maximum risk of causing sexual dysfunction followed by beta blockers Atenolol ,metaprolol and Carvedilol have high risk whereas nevibolol has maximum risk of erectile dysfunction ACE inhibitors decrease the risk Refer kDT 6/e p139 | Pharmacology | Cardiovascular system |
9928c0ed-b40f-47ba-b6ec-011ac05ccaa8 | Which cranial nerve passes through diaphragm? | 6 | 7 | 8 | 10 | 3d | single | null | Anatomy | null |
f6ab608e-5b4d-4347-883e-b1c5652e9977 | Mesosomes in bacteria are the functional unit for - | Lipid storage | Protein synthesis | Respiratory enzymes | None | 2c | multi | Mesosomes (chondroid)
Mesosomes are formed by invagination of plasma membrane into the cytoplasm.
They are more prominent in gram-positive bacteria.
They are the principal sites of respiratory enzymes in bacteria and are analogous to mitochondria of eukaryotes.
They coordinate nuclear and cytoplasmic division during ... | Microbiology | null |
b86707d7-0465-4762-8b9a-18f3e60506d9 | All of the following are true about vagina except | Direction of vagina is parallel to plane of brim of true pelvis. | Posterior wall is 11.5 cm and anterior wall is 9 cm long | Vaginal mucosa is lined by keratinized squamous epithelium | No glands open into vagina | 2c | multi | Vaginal mucosa is lined by non-keratinized squamous epithelium. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
1cd11a50-c962-4559-a968-9bd10e6d5685 | USG is/are based on: | Piezoelectric effect | Diamagnetic effect | Paramagnetic effect | Ferromagnetic effect | 0a | single | Ans. A. Piezoelectric effectUltrasonography:Ultrasonic image(sonographic/echographic) is based on mechanical oscillations of the crystal excited by electrical pulses (Piezoelectric effect). | Radiology | null |
081090f4-fa5f-4ac5-becf-5f8ceea2ef94 | Which one of the following is not a symptom of atherosclerotic occlusive disease at the bifurcation of aoa (Leriche syndrome)? | Claudication of the buttock and thigh | Claudication of the calf | Sexual impotence | Gangrene localized to the feet | 3d | single | . Ans : (d) Gangrene localised to feet In chronic atherosclerotic occlusive disease usually it is confined to distal abdominal aoa below the renal aeries. Frequently extends to iliac aeries . Claudication characteristically involves buttocks , thighs and calves & may associated with impotence in males (Leriche syndrome... | Surgery | Vascular surgery |
526e053c-7084-4fe9-a687-16050cded94b | A 30-year old male presents with severe pain chest, breathlessness, hypotension and ECG shows ST elevation in V3, V4, V5 and V6 leads. He will be best treated with : | Streptokinase | t-PA | Heparin | PTCA | 3d | single | null | Medicine | null |
97b025c6-5b15-4fe1-b9a1-7d313599ec4e | Prolonged postoperative ileus is best treated by? | Long tube inseion | Calcium pantothenate | Laparotomy and exploration | Peristaltic stimulants | 2c | single | Most patients developed transient ileus after a major abdominal operation. Most of these resolve within 3 to 5 days. Condition like extensive operative manipulation, major small bowel injury, heavy narcotic use, intra abdominal infection and pancreatitis- can prolong the ileum to 5 to 7 days. Ileus prolonged beyond thi... | Surgery | null |
875e04dc-6256-4e06-8600-90ef2fcbc089 | A 4-year baby is having a large face, large jaw, large ear and macroorchidism is – | Mc Cuneal bright syndrome | Down's syndrome | Cri–du chat syndrome | Fragile X syndrome | 3d | single | Fragile X syndrome
Fragile X syndrome is the prototype of diseases in which the mutation is characterized by a long repeating sequence of three nucleotides.
Normally, a codon is triplet (trinucleotide).
In these type of disorders, this trinucleotide sequence undergoes amplification and the same sequence is repeated ma... | Pediatrics | null |
d50d9b86-91c1-44d2-b449-037fe3b516e7 | In which of the following procedures sperms are aspirated from the testes? | ZIFT | GIFT | TESA | MESA | 2c | single | Aspiration of sperms from testes is done in Testicular sperm aspiration(TESA). In this technique, an aspiration needle is inseed percutaneously to the testis parenchyma to aspirate fluid or small pieces of seminiferous tubules to obtain sperm. Ref: Feility Cryopreservation By Ri-Cheng Chian, Page 52-3; Feility Preserva... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
6cb855d6-ba78-48c7-97a5-29f7b4786ac8 | Female presents with history of color change from pallor to cyanosis on exposure to cold in fingers. This condition is mostly associated with ? | Scleroderma | Leukemia | Lung infections | Hepatosplenomegaly | 0a | multi | History of color change from pallor to cynosis on cold exposure suggests raynaud's phenomenon. Raynaud's phenomenon is the most common and earliest manifestation of generalized scleroderma (systemic sclerosis). | Dental | null |
b077e31d-1870-4d92-ba5e-ce82e565703e | A 5 year old boy presents with leukocoria in the right eye which is diagnosed as diffuse retinoblastoma involving the entire globe. Examination of the left eye revealed a small 2-3mm tumor in the periphery. What will be the ideal management of this patient? | Enucleation of both eyes | Enucleation of right eye and observation for left eye | Enucleation of right eye and focal therapy of the left eye | Six cycles of Chemotherapy | 2c | multi | Enucleation remains the treatment of choice for significantly advanced tumors and for tumors with no potential for visual salvage. Focal therapy is used for small tumors usually in patients with bilateral disease and in combination with chemotherapy. Ref: Ophthalmic Oncology - Page 195; Cancer in Children and Adolescen... | Ophthalmology | null |
bffa774d-6d8d-4591-9128-462d3ee935cd | Prolonged thumb sucking directly results in all of the following except: | Deep overbite | Proclination of upper centrals | Anterior open bite | Constriction of maxilla | 0a | multi | Effects on Maxilla
Proclination of maxillary incisors.
Increased arch length.
Increased anterior placement of apical base of maxilla.
Increase in SNA angle.
Increased clinical crown length of maxillary incisors.
Increased counter-clockwise rotation of occlusal plane.
Decreased width of palate.
Atypical root resorptio... | Dental | null |
99c69805-a622-46bc-9916-cf1ff4a71631 | A patient is brought to the emergency as a case of head injury, following a head on collision road traffic accident. Patient is unconscious and his right pupil is dilated. CT scan is not available. Whats the next step in management | Cranlotomy left side | Craiotomy right side | Burrhole left side | Burrhole right side | 3d | multi | Burrhole should be made at the side of dilated pupil. | Surgery | null |
38ec1aac-851f-484d-84fa-31e8f7d6ffdb | What is the probable genetic defect in this child with recurrent infections, tetany, oral candidiasis & a hea murmur? | 21q deletion | 21p deletion | 22q deletion | 22p deletion | 2c | single | Digeorge syndrome: Caused by 22q deletion C- Cardiac anomaly A- Abnormal facies (hypeelorism, antimongoloid slant, sho philtrum, mandibular hypoplasia. T- Thymic hypoplasia C- Cleft palate H- Hypocalcemia | Pediatrics | Primary Immunodeficiency |
21597709-3c1f-414d-b7b6-6a2945f49574 | Cell cycle specific anti-cancerous drug is? | Cyclophosphamide | Vincristine | Nitrogen mustard | Doxorubicin. | 1b | single | Ans. b (Vincristine). (Ref. Harrison Principles of Internal Medicine, 16th ed., 469 Fig. 70.3)CYCLE SPECIFIC ANTICANCEROUS DRUGSS-Phase specific drugsM-Phase specific drugsG,Phase specific drugsHydroxyurea,Methotrexate,Dactinomycin,Cytarabine,5-FU,MercaptopurineThiogauanine,ColchicinesVinca alkaloids and taxols (e.g., ... | Pharmacology | Anti-Cancer |
7ff98768-e8f8-409e-b22f-45698d43263e | All are contents of cubital fossa except | Median nerve | Biceps tendon | Brachial aery | Ulnar nerve | 3d | multi | Contents of the cubital fossa: Mnemonic: from medial to lateral:MBBR Median nerve Brachial aery Tendon of Biceps Radial nerve. REF:B D Chaurasia 7th edition Page no: 98. | Anatomy | Upper limb |
77faa3e8-5a5c-4ec0-8b11-e23838a6150f | Tautomerization | Shift of hydrogen | Shift of carbon | Shift of both | None of these | 0a | multi | Tautomerization or enolization The process of shifting a hydrogen atom from one carbon atom to another to produce enediols is known as tautomerization. Sugars possessing anomeric carbon atom undergo tautomerization in alkaline solutions. When glucose is kept in alkaline solution for several hours, it undergoes isomeriz... | Biochemistry | Metabolism of carbohydrate |
bad53b1d-8502-4e62-b646-16224d10470c | Commonest cause of fungal uveitis is: | Candida | Aspergillus | Fusarium | Mucor mycosis | 0a | single | Ans. Candida | Ophthalmology | null |
8dc1d945-42ef-4453-a330-bf835737c711 | Barrets esophagus is commonly associated with one of the following: | Adenocarcinoma | Squamous cell carcinoma | Sarcoma | Gastrointenstinal stromal tumor | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e. Adenocarcinoma Barret's esophagus is the single most important risk factor for adenocarcinoma of esophagus.Barret's esophagus is metaplastic change of distal esophageal mucosa from normal squamous epithelium to columnar epithelium, in response to chronic gastro-esophageal reflux.The junction between sq... | Surgery | Esophageal Diseases - Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, Carcinoma |
09139cc0-c0f0-46e2-9643-e2a62ff073cf | A patient presented with Aldrich-Mee's lines which are characteristic of which heavy metal poisoning? | Lead | Mercury | Arsenic | Copper | 2c | single | Aldrich-Mee's lines: Hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles with irregular thickening of the nails and development of bands of opacity in the fingernails. It is seen in prolonged contact of Arsenic. Ref: The essentials of forensic medicine and toxicology by Narayan Reddy, 27th edition, Page 475 | Forensic Medicine | null |
c57ec386-bcdb-4f25-9900-8d69848075b1 | Lucid interval is a characteristic pathognomonic feature of\ | Extradural haemorrhage | Intracerebral haemorrhage | Tumour in the frontal lobe | Intracerebral abscess | 0a | single | (A) Extradural haemorrhage # Extradural haemorrhage.> It is a period in which person is liable for acts> Lucid interval is a period occurring in insanity, during which all the symptoms of insanity disappear completely. The individual is able to judge his acts soundly and he becomes liable for his acts.> If he commits a... | Surgery | Miscellaneous |
288ea92a-0aa0-4a10-a572-2c6bc6be09b4 | Placement of a double lumen tube for lung surgery is best confirmed by - | EtC02 | Airway pressure measurement | Clinically by auscultation | Bronchoscopy | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Bronchoscopy * During thoracic surgery, there is a need for one lung to be deflated and or isolated.This offers the surgeon easier and better access within the designated hemothorax.In order to achieve these double-lumen endobronchial tubes are used that allow the anesthetist to selectively deflate on... | Unknown | null |
b29fdee7-9c7c-422b-b429-8fbe5bb03abf | Which of the following microorganism is incriminated in infection after hemodialysis | Gram positive organisms | Chlamydia | Gram negative | Anaerobes | 0a | single | Hemo-dialysis catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) are a major complication of long-term catheter us in HD. Gram positive organism are seen followed by gram negative organisms.
Similarly in peritoneal dialysis, the clinical presentation typically consists of pain and cloudy dialysate, often with fever and o... | Medicine | null |
87cf1ed7-6ba4-4171-95e6-5672aa626244 | Causes of soft S1 include: | Long standing severe MS | Obesity | Mitral Regurgitation | All of the above | 3d | multi | Answer is D (All of the above) Long standing severe M.S. (calcified mitral valve), obesity, mitral regurgitation and pleural effusions are all established causes of soft S1. | Medicine | null |
c8b54767-4932-4cde-a4c1-839470d899e1 | Myasthenia gravis is which type of hypersensitivity- | Type I | Type II | Type III | Type IV | 1b | single | In mystenia grevis antibodies are directed against Ach Receptors so this a type 2 hypersensitivity reaction. 1. Type II cytotoxic reaction is mediated by antibodies directed against antigens on the cell membrane that activates complement thereby causing antibody-mediated destruction of cells. The cell membrane is damag... | Microbiology | Immunology Pa 1 (Immune Response, Antigen-Antibody Reactions, Hypersensitivity, Structure of Immune System, Immunodeficiency Disorders) |
f92e6758-1089-4383-94fd-7a24e079828d | Which of the following is the drug of choice for long-term management of panic disorder? | Phenothiazine | Azapirone | Beta blocker | Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor | 3d | single | SSRIs are the drugs of choice for long-term management of panic disorder Benzodiazepines are DOC for acute panic attacks | Pharmacology | Psychiatric Illness |
bb14ea81-ba6d-4f73-9951-0542c52573e9 | Bone tumor arising from epiphyses is | Osteogenic sarcoma | Ewings sarcoma | Giant cell tumor | Chondromyxoid fibroma | 3d | single | Giant cell tumor refer Robbins page no 1233 Pathogenesis. Current evidence suggests that the neoplas- tic cells of giant cell tumor are primitive osteoblast precur- sors but they represent only a minority of the tumor cells. The bulk of the tumor consists of non-neoplastic osteoclasts and their precursors. The neoplast... | Anatomy | Musculoskeletal system |
85ce9035-42d5-411d-86b1-f06f45e66783 | Which of the following is not true about the autistic specific disorder | Impaired communication | Impaired imagination | Language developmental delay | Vision problems | 3d | multi | Core symptoms of Autism are 1. Persistent deficts in social communication and interaction, 2. Restricted, repititive patterns of behaviour, interests and activities, 3. Associated physical characteristics. Associated behavioural symptoms include- Disturbance in language development and usage, Intellectual disability, I... | Psychiatry | Child psychiatry |
3fab9c1e-18ee-47c8-9f55-1d70ef29b28f | Which of the following agents is used for day care surgery | Propofol | Thiopentone | Diazepam | Ketamine | 0a | single | Refer Katzung 12th/440 Propofol is drug of choice for day care surgery | Pharmacology | Anesthesia |
33fbdee5-585d-42f9-9e9a-6478cb853b32 | A 30-year-old male, Kallu, with a history of sexual exposure comes with a painless indurated ulcer over the penis with everted margins. The diagnosis is | Syphilis | Chancroid | Lymphogranuloma venerum | Granuloma inguinale | 0a | multi | null | Medicine | null |
c9ba70ff-be70-42dd-8f9f-4f5d6bcaf262 | Phenobarbitone inhibits which complex of ETC? | Complex I | Complex II | Complex III | Complex IV | 0a | single | Ans. A. Complex I(Ref: Harper 31/e page 123)Inhibitors of ETC at Complex I1. An insecticide and a fish Poison Rotenone2. Amobarbital which is a barbiturate.3. Piericidin | Biochemistry | Respiratory Chain |
d110b23f-9c42-4423-8a3c-90fa68619168 | Which of the following antitubercular drugs are associated with hypothyroidism? | Ethionamide | Streptomycin | PZA | Rifampicin | 0a | single | Ethionamide is thought to prevent organification of iodine in thyroid hormone synthesis, as it is structurally related to other thionamides (propylthiouracil and methimazole). So, it can lead to hypothyroidism. | Pharmacology | null |
e3ed0c08-92f2-4fe8-8888-2555f46e925f | Osgood Shattiler disease - | Involve the knee joint | Pelvis | Wrist joint | Cervical spine | 0a | single | Osgood-shaltter disease is osteochondritis of tibial tuberosity (just below the knee joint). | Orthopaedics | null |
9ccdd51f-4c0d-4e05-9ad4-8f2c6fc0a12f | For deted nasal septum, surgery is required for: | Septal spur with epistaxis | Marked septal detion | Persistent rhinorrhea | All | 3d | multi | Indications for Surgery in DNS Persistent unilateral nasal obstruction and recurrent headaches Detion causing recurrent sinusitis or otitis media Recurrent epistaxis from septal spur Access for operation in polypectomy with DNS As a pa of septorhinoplasty for cosmetic correction of external nasal deformities. As a appr... | ENT | null |
9c8f1674-1416-4b53-86a1-6219e75240c1 | In a given population, total bihs in a year are 4050. There are 50 still bihs. 50 neonates die within first 7 days of life whereas the number of deaths within 8-28 days of life is 150. What is the Neonatal moality rate in the population? | 12.5 | 50 | 49.4 | 62.5 | 1b | single | In the given question, Total neonatal deaths = Total early neonatal deaths + Total late neonatal deaths = 50 + 150 = 200 Total live bihs = Total bihs - Total stillbihs = 4050 - 50 = 4000 NMR= Neonatal death/Live bihs*1000 Thus, Neonatal moality rate, NMR = 200/4000 X 1000 = 50 per 1000 live bihs. | Social & Preventive Medicine | Obstetric Care in RCH: Visits, IFA, TT, MCH Indicators |
e4fd9dc3-9462-4736-9ec5-c58ed6da8daa | Protein requirement of an adult is | 0.7 gm/kg in terms of Egg protein & 0.7 gm/kg in terms of mixed vegetable protein | 1.0 gm/kg in terms of Egg protein & 1.0 gm/kg in terms of mixed vegetable protein | 0.7 gm/kg in terms of Egg protein & 1.0 gm/kg in terms of mixed vegetable protein | 1.0 gm/kg in terms of Egg protein & 0.7 gm/kg in terms of mixed vegetable protein | 2c | single | Protein requirement of an adult:
0.7 gm/kg/day in terms of Egg protein or
1.0 gm/kg/day in terms of mixed vegetable protein (NEW GUIDELINE: 0.83 g/kg/d)
Egg protein has the highest NPU of 96.
Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) has recommended 1.0 gm protein per kg of body weight for an Indian adult, assuming a... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
2c4742d3-476f-434f-9a9d-a128735bacd1 | Lack of insight is not a feature of : | Panic disorder | Schizophrenia | Mania | Reactive Psychosis | 0a | single | A i.e. Panic disorder | Psychiatry | null |
b0fb5f76-d043-45f3-b20f-9ce5742fff7c | Stye is suppurative inflammation of glands of ? | Zeis | Meibonian | Wolfring | All the above | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Zeis | Ophthalmology | null |
2c88fd28-82ed-4caf-88a6-b5fd04a77b6c | Incubation period of syphilis is: September 2006 | 10-14 days | 30-60 days | 9-90 days | 3-6 months | 2c | single | Ans. C: 9-90 days Acquired syphilis: - Primary syphilis: incubation period 2-3 weeks (range 9-90 days): local infection - Secondary syphilis: incubation period 6-12 weeks (range 1-6 months): generalised infection - Early latent syphilis: asymptomatic syphilis of less than 2 years duration - Late latent syphilis: asympt... | Skin | null |
028eb157-8e5f-4fa9-ab20-d114d6a39bbb | A 27-year-old G1P0 female at 36 weeks gestation presents to her obstetrician with a 3-day history of abrupt onset of extremely pruritic and urticarial papules and blisters on the abdomen and trunk. She states that the itching has worsened such that it is interfering with her everyday life. | Herpes zoster | Pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy | Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy | Herpes gestationis | 3d | single | Ans- D Erythematous urticarial patches and plaques (classically periumbilical) that progress to tense vesicles and blisters in a pregnant woman is herpes gestationis (also known as pemphigoid gestationis). There is no association to the husband's URI. Herpes gestationis is a pruritic blistering dermatologic disorder un... | Unknown | null |
ade663f7-b194-4dcf-a545-54e0bc0b24ec | Nucleus pulposis is derived from ? | Neural crest | Notochord | Sclerotome | None of the above | 1b | multi | The nucleus pulposus is the sole remnant of the embryonic notochord, the initial longitudinal skeletal axis of the body. The developing bodies and interveebral discs of the veebral column replace the notochord. NOTOCHORD: The notochordal plate becomes the centrally placed notochord, which acts as a foundation around wh... | Anatomy | null |
9e36f14c-c95f-49c0-bd24-9e121a13f153 | Oral Factor Xa Inhibitor is | Dabigatran etexilate | Fondaparinux | Bivalirudin | Rivaroxaban | 3d | single | Factor Xa inhibitors * Oral Direct Factor Xa (Stua-Prower factor) Inhibitors are Rivaroxaban, Apixaban, Betrixaban and Edoxaban * Rivaroxaban inhibits free and clot associated Factor Xa AE reducing !rombin generation AE suppressing Platelet aggregation and Fibrin formation. * Other options: * Dabigatran etexilate is an... | Pharmacology | Hematology |
ffa601b1-ab92-4780-b3dc-d1c93143d7ed | Death due to cyanide poisoning results from which of the following types of anoxia? | Anoxic anoxia | Anaemic anoxia | Stagnant anoxia | Histotoxic anoxia | 3d | single | Ans. D. Histotoxic anoxiaHypoxia or Anoxia O2 deficiency at the tissue level Type:a. Hypoxic Hypoxia (anoxic anoxic)i. PO2 of arterial bloodii. Chemoreceptor stimulatedb. Anaemic Hypoxiai. Arterial PO2 is normal but amount of Hb available to carry O2 is reducedii. Chemoreceptors are not stimulated, since dissolved O2 i... | Physiology | Respiratory System |
e9d2479e-dfdd-400f-acc5-0abdb0e3476d | Obsessive Compulsive Disorder is NOT associated with | Repetitive behavior | Thought insertion | Anxiety | Paranoid behavior | 1b | single | (B) Thought insertion # THOUGHT INSERTION is more commonly associated with shizophrenia.> OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER (OCD) is an anxiety disorder characterized by intrusive thoughts that produce uneasiness, apprehension, fear or worry (obsessions), repetitive behaviors aimed at reducing the associated anxiety (compu... | Psychiatry | Miscellaneous |
b5efd00f-878a-47d4-b56c-be839eb1025c | All are seen in cirrhosis of liver except | Enlargement of testis | Gynaecomastia | Absence of pubic and facial hair | Loss of libido | 0a | multi | (A) (Enlargement of testes) (943- Davidson 22nd)Clnical features of hepatic cirrhosis* Hepatomegaly (although liver may also be small)* Jaundice* Ascites* Circulatory changes spider telangiectasia, palmar erythema, cyanosis* Endocrine changes; loss of libido, hair lossMen; gynaecomastia, testicular atrophy, impotenceWo... | Medicine | G.I.T. |
2f171692-0eb8-4c10-8584-0eea03c17ee3 | Angle formed between mandibular plane and the long axis of mandibular central incisor is: | 90° ± 5° | 25° | 120° | 80°± 2° | 0a | single | null | Dental | null |
a1f3d457-ccc2-4b5a-9be8-edfca004add2 | The Hb-O2 dissociation curve is shifted to left by | Metabolic acidosis | Increased temperature | Increased PCO2 | Decreased 2, 3 DPG | 3d | single | 2,3-BPG is very plentiful in red cells. It is formed from 3phosphoglyceraldehyde, which is a product of glycolysis the Embden-Meyerhof pathway (Figure 36-4). It is a highly charged anion that binds to the bchains of deoxyhemoglobin. One mole of deoxyhemoglobin binds 1 mol of 2,3-BPG. In effectHbO2 + 2,3-BPG =Hb - 2,3-B... | Physiology | Cardiovascular system |
c9da7744-614b-47e7-a334-412c6837f06c | Most serious adverse effect of ketoconazole is: | Adrenal insufficiency | Pellagra like skin lesion | Liver injury | Prostate cancer | 0a | single | Ketoconazole (KTZ): It is the first orally effective broad-spectrum antifungal drug, useful in both dermatophytosis and deep myc osis. The oral absorption of KTZ is facilitated by gastric acidity because it is more soluble at lower pH. Hepatic metabolism is extensive; metabolites are excreted in urine and faeces. Elimi... | Pharmacology | Chemotherapy |
0334a920-2530-482f-979e-ebbae4891c85 | While playing cricket, a child broke his distal end of radius. He was put on POP. Which of the following is the late complication of Colles fracture? | Stiffness of wrist joint | Ulnar nerve palsy | Median nerve palsy | None of the above | 0a | multi | Early complications of Colles fracture include, Median nerve compression Tendon damage Ulnar nerve contusion or compression Compament syndrome Fragment displacement with loss of reduction Decreased range of motion of the wrist Prolonged swelling Late complications of Colles fracture include, Stiffness of the fingers, s... | Surgery | null |
408d53b0-f06c-4e92-87f2-7f8436040ab8 | A 62-year-old patient has been diagnosed with a restrictive pulmonary disease. Which of his following lung measurements is likely to be normal | FEV1 | FVC | FEV1/FVC | FRC | 2c | single | null | Medicine | null |
2d02e49e-b28e-4923-ac54-557fc4057fee | Which of the following cement has most anticariogenic effect used while placing bands on molar to prevent caries? | GIC | Polycarboxylate | Zinc phosphate | Silicate | 0a | single | GIC has fluoride releasing property and it also binds with the tooth chemically. So, it should be the cement of choice. | Dental | null |
bd87728e-1a4d-4e01-a6ec-6d30a7af9e36 | A very potent and sho acting benzodiazepine was given to a patient Kallu for the purpose of causing hypnosis but the drug caused psychiatric disturbances in him. Which of the following can be the hypnotic used? | Flurazepam | Nitrazepam | Temazepam | Triazolam | 3d | multi | (Ref: KDT 7th/405) Triazolam is a very potent BZD with ultra rapid elimination. Some cases of paranoia and psychiatric disturbances have been noted with this drug. | Anatomy | Other topics and Adverse effects |
3b4527ac-13b3-481f-bd7c-6a9096ac95ce | Not true about population pyramid - | India has broad base | India has narrow base | India has narrow apex | Developed countries have bulge in the center | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., India has narrow base o In countries with high birth rates as ours, population pyramid is broad based conical (narrow apex) because of high birth rate and tapering of population with increase in age.o The pyramid of developing country (e.g. India) has a broad base and a tapering top.o In developed cou... | Unknown | null |
910bbdab-feea-4b56-bc3a-0c15cdfc7d45 | Selegiline is | Dopa decarboxylase inhibitor | MAO-B inhibitor | COMT inhibitor | MAO-A inhibitor | 1b | single | (B) MAO-B inhibitor # Selegiline is a MAO-B inhibitor.> MAO exist in forms MAO-A & MAO-B.> MAO-A predominates in peripheral adrenergic structures & intestinal mucosa.> MAO-B predominates in brain & Blood platelets. Selegline, along c- levodopa, prolongs its action, & wearing-off effect.> Based on the theory that oxidat... | Pharmacology | Miscellaneous (Pharmacology) |
1523dcf4-9d03-40ad-a6b7-5f48085616f9 | A female with 20 weeks pregnancy presents with fever and dysuria. A preliminary diagnosis of cystitis was made. Which of the following drugs will be safe to use for this patient? | Ciprofloxacin | Gentamicin | Cotrimoxazole | Amoxicillin | 3d | single | Antibiotics safe in pregnancy P - Penicillin C - Cephalosporin M - Macrolides Ciprofloxacin causes cailage and bone destruction Gentamycin causes hearing loss in fetus Cotrimoxazole contains sulfonamides which can cause kernicterus in the child | Pharmacology | Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors |
c63bbe38-cf93-4dc9-8e69-dbe89f96d170 | Antihelminthic also acting as immunomodulator is- | Albendazole | Levamizole | Mebendazole | Piperazine | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Levamizole | Pharmacology | null |
9463eeaf-d1a7-4421-8e8a-885d79459848 | The main controlling agent for respiratory drive is which of the following - | CO2 | Oxygen | NO | HBO3 | 0a | single | Central chemoreceptors are situated in the deeper pa of medulla oblongata, close to the dorsal respiratory group of neurons. This area is known as a chemosensitive area, and the neurons are called chemoreceptors. Chemoreceptors are in close contact with blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Central chemoreceptors are connecte... | Anaesthesia | Fundamental concepts |
b1fd2546-bd8f-4e2b-860e-a762ac039f84 | A seven year old child with recurrent chest infections and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency is suspected of having cystic fibrosis Sweat chloride levels have been observed between 40-60 mmo1/1 on two separate occasions. Which of the following test should be performed next to suppo the diagnosis of Cystic fibrosis: | Repeat Sweat chloride levels on a different day | Demonstrate an abnormal nasal potential difference | Demonstrate an abnormal F508 mutation by DNA analysis | Demonstrate an abnormal 72 hour fecal fat | 1b | single | Answer is B (Demonstrate an abnormal nasal potential difference) Nasal Potential Difference is a sensitive test of electrolyte transpo (CFTR function) that can be used to suppo or refute a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis when sweat chloride levels are normal or border line and two CF mutations cannot be demonstrated by DN... | Medicine | null |
080790bd-d9b2-46bb-9bae-af04b24ca7a4 | A patient is found to have sun-sensitive dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia he must be suffering from the deficiency of which of the following. | Niacin | Riboflavin | Folic acid | Iron | 0a | single | The most common symptoms of niacin deficiency involve the skin, the digestive system, and the nervous system. The symptoms of pellagra are commonly referred to as the three "Ds": sun-sensitive dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia. A fourth "D," death, occurs if pellagra is left untreated | Biochemistry | null |
4e062a23-9da8-4ddb-bcc9-32c376d60ed2 | Drugs with high affinity can be used in : | High concentration. | Low concentration. | Moderate concentration. | None. | 1b | multi | Affinity is the ability of a drug to combine with the receptor. | Pharmacology | null |
08871182-b3d9-45da-ae2c-f1691fceeabe | Which hormone stimulates pancreatic secretion that is rich in bicarbonate? | Somatostatin | Secretin | CCK | Gastrin | 1b | single | . | Pathology | All India exam |
3d3fc67e-3193-4623-8a01-b19d9ea2741c | Which of the following drugs should not be administered concomitantly with warfarin as it decreases the effect of oral anticoagulants | Broad spectrum antibiotic | Cimetidine | Aspirin | Oral contraceptive | 3d | single | Oral contraceptives Estrogen increases the synthesis of various clotting factors and produce a hypercoagulable state. Thus OCP containing estrogen decrease the effectiveness of warfarin and other oral anticoagulants. | Pharmacology | null |
65ea8d84-f7d5-44c4-9dd9-12db881e3249 | Best heat test agent for pulp testing: | GP sticks. | Rubber wheel. | Barlew disk. | Rotation friction heat. | 0a | single | null | Dental | null |
4c792e63-310f-41f7-8989-1e460674d570 | Tonometer with variation in application surface | Mackey Marg tonometer | Rebound tonometer | Dreger's tonometer | Maklakov tonometer | 3d | single | Ans. d. Maklakov tonometer Indentation tonometry Indentation tonometry was devised by SchiotzQ. Because of its simplicity, reliability, low price and relative accuracy, it is the most widely used tonometer in the world. For repeated use in multiple patients it can be sterilized by dipping the footplate in ether, absolu... | Ophthalmology | null |
7bdc8144-4b5f-4ec7-b4ad-68f73e9cf05a | In a lady of 32 weeks pregnancy injection dexa- methasone is to given to prevent: | Respiratory distress syndrome | Neonatal convulsions | Neonatal jaundice | Cerebral palsy | 0a | single | Administration of dexamethasone before delivery:
– Reduces the incidence and severity of intraventricular hemorrhage
– Accelerates fetal lung maturation in preterm labour and prevents hyaline membrane disease.
It should be given atleast 24 hours before delivery.
Its effect lasts for 7 days therefore earlier it was sa... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
54e415d9-2edc-4dc0-bc09-678a39aaa046 | Early diastolic notching of uterine aery disappears by which week of gestation? | 20 | 21 | 22 | 24 | 2c | single | Diastolic Notching in uterine aery Doppler usually disappears beyond 22 weeks of gestation. Persistence of uterine notch beyond 22 weeks is indicator of preeclampsia. | Radiology | ULTRASOUND |
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