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619f4280-e5a8-4be4-a08a-cb378b023a70 | Which of the following type of face bow is used to locate the exact hinge axis point: | Facial type arbitrary. | Eyepiece type arbitrary. | Kinematic face bow. | All of the above. | 2c | multi | Arbitrary face bows are used to record terminal hinge axis arbitrarily. It is most commonly used in complete denture prosthodontics. It may be of facial type or eyepiece type.
Kinematic face bow is used to determine and locate the exact hinge axis point. It is attached to lower jaw. It is not used for complete denture ... | Dental | null |
dd7d4e15-89d4-450f-ae20-c19b1701f747 | 0.1 to 0.2 mm nebular corneal opacity is treated by – | Penetrating keratoplasty | Lamellar keratoplasty | Enucleation | Evisceration | 1b | single | Central nebular opacity is treated by phototherapeutic keratectomy with an excimer laser (treatment of choice) or lamellar keratoplasty. | Ophthalmology | null |
1641954f-e6d8-4786-b14c-8204b12e3d90 | An old man having complaint of anorexia, weakness and paraesthesia. On investigation, his haemoglobin was 5.8g% and peripheral smear showed macrocytes and neutrophils having hypersegmented nuclei. His tendon reflexes were also sluggish. Endoscopy revealed atrophic gastritis. Deficiency of which of the following factor ... | Folic acid | Riboflavin | VitaminB12 | None | 2c | multi | Diagnosis of the patient is pernicious anemia. Factors favouring this diagnosis are:
Megaloblastic anemia.
Demyelination (decreased tendon reflexes)
Atrophic gastritis
So, he would require B12 supplementation. | Pharmacology | null |
2b6637bf-2f2c-421d-a1bd-ef812903fabb | Which of the following does not develop from the neural ectoderm? | Vitreous | Aqueous | Retinal pigment epithelium | Fibres of optic nerve | 1b | single | The structures developing from the Neural ectoderm are : Retina with its pigment epithelium Epithelial layers of ciliary body Epithelial layers of iris Sphincter and dilator pupillae muscles Optic nerve(neuroglia and nervous elements only) Melanocytes Secondary vitreous Ciliary zonules (teiary vitreous) Reference: A.K.... | Ophthalmology | Anatomy, Development and clinical examination |
34bb87b7-8a24-4f2a-9a27-cc5f9495b22c | Which of the following condition is diagnosed using a positive urinary anion gap? | Acidosis in Diarrhea | Diabetic ketoacidosis | Alcoholic ketoacidosis | Renal tubular Acidosis | 3d | single | Positive urinary anion gap is associated with distal A, as the kidney cannot excrete H+ as NH4Cl. The urinary anion gap (Na+ + K- - Cl-) reflects the ability of the kidney to excrete NH4Cl. It is used to differentiate between gastrointestinal and renal causes of hyperchloremic acidosis. In gastrointestinal cause of hyp... | Medicine | null |
126b0729-3598-4f0d-b61e-1e3070820a5d | Multiple drug resistance is transferred through: | Transduction | Transformation | Conjugation | Mutation | 2c | single | Conjugation Sexual contact through the formation of a bridge or sex pilus is common among gram-negative bacilli of the same or another species. This may involve chromosomal or extrachromosomal (plasmid) DNA. The gene carrying the &;resistance&; or &;R&; factor is transferred onlv if another &;resistance transfer factor... | Pharmacology | Chemotherapy |
1ee846d4-f390-4f59-b340-53e3a8bd43ed | Test for ovarian reserve: | LH | LH/FSH ratio | FSH | Estradiol | 2c | single | Ans. c. FSH /Ref Harrison 19e p2388, 18/e p17/e p2331]Ovarian reserve is the capability of ovary to produce egg. The methods for assessing ovarian reserve are classified into Passive testing and Dynamic testing. FSH level is a method for testing passive ovarian reserve."As woman ages FSH becomes elevated in an attempt ... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Pathology of Conception |
4ccbf1d4-e1f1-459d-905c-02534bddb5de | Gingival clefts may be caused by | Occlusal disharmonies | Faulty toothbrushing | Normal frenum attachment | Use of dental floss | 1b | single | null | Dental | null |
3e349cd3-67fe-4608-a8b9-cb9201e5b092 | 19 year old boy had a history of fall on out stretched hand while playing. He developed slight radial side pain and tenderness. On examination pressure along the axis of thumb is painful and x rays are normal. | Fracture lower end radius | Wrist sprain | Scaphoid fracture | Perilunate dislocation | 2c | multi | C i.e. Scaphoid fracture | Surgery | null |
493b893a-719d-4437-a252-1090474fa132 | Electronic apex locator is used in Endodontics to determine the | Root canal morphology | Working length | Pulp stone Location | Pulp vitality | 1b | single | null | Dental | null |
fd85b1e0-8cef-4893-8993-9a48f5d7fbd8 | Retinal cells which secrete acetylcholine | Bipolar cells | Ganglion cells | Amacrine cells | H Cells | 2c | single | The cholinergic amacrine cells of the rabbit retina secrete acetylcholine by two mechanisms. One is activated by stimulation of the retina by light or depolarization of the amacrine cells by K+ ions. It requires the presence of extracellular Ca2+. The second is independent of extracellular Ca2+ and is unaffected by lar... | Physiology | Nervous system |
26c1b96d-f0b0-4592-890f-7d3e79cec73a | Sodium potassium pump is a: | Heterodimer | Homodimer | Polymer | Monomer | 0a | single | Sodium potassium pump is a heterodimer It has alfa and beta subunits | Anatomy | General anatomy |
e0afd7dd-b509-4a14-8b6b-1e57c7c63d7b | Hyperaldosteronism is associated with all except: | Hypernatremia | Hypokalemia | Hypertension | Metabolic acidosis | 3d | multi | Ans. (d) Metabolic acidosis(Ref: Ganong, 25th ed/p.370)Clinical consequences of excess aldosterone are,#Sodium and water retention leading to expansion of ECF volume and hypertension#Excess potassium excretion by kidney (K+ loss)#Excessive urinary excretion of H+ ion leading to metabolic alkalosis | Physiology | Endocrinology and Reproduction |
fe2df381-cf9a-42c2-af53-ae168bbf006e | Ideal contraceptive for newly married couple is: | Barrier method | Combined OCPs | IUCD | Progesterone only pill | 1b | single | Ans b. Combined OCPs Ideal contraceptive for newly married couple is combined oral contraceptive pill"Best contraceptive for newly married couple is combined oral contraceptive pill""Combined oral contraceptive has lesser failure rate than progestins. IUCDs should not be used in newly married couple.""Best contraceptiv... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Methods - Combined Oestrogen-Progestogen Methods |
3549ee90-f50d-4836-9831-b83c12202054 | All are features of hyper-parathyroidism EXCEPT: | Increase serum calcium | Decreased serum phosphate | Diarrhea | Nephrocalcinosis | 2c | multi | Ans. (c) DiarrheaRef.: Harrison 19th ed. / 2342* Hyperparathyroidism leads to increase PTH. PTH increases serum calcium by increasing dietary absorption of vitamin D3. It also ensures that the proximal convoluted tubule start loosing phosphate in urine leading to decreased serum phosphate.* The increase serum calcium l... | Medicine | Parathyroid |
40c41413-fe9c-405d-ac7d-691252a43ba9 | 24 hours after fever, maculopapular rash and erythema appears on the face of infant. This organism can also cause: | ALL | CML | Pure red cell aplasia | Hairy cell leukemia | 2c | multi | The described lesion is slapped cheek rash seen in Erythema infectiosum caused by Parvovirus B19. Parvovirus B19 also causes Pure red cell aplasia. Diseases caused by Parvo virus B19:- Erythema infectiosum (most common) Transient arrest of erythropoiesis (aplastic crisis) Papular purpuric "gloves-and-socks" syndrome (P... | Pediatrics | Impoant Viral Diseases in Children |
f837c82e-aba7-41f9-b2fb-d49d88d92c69 | What is the immediate management of vitreous hemorrhage in eye- | Steroids | No treatment | Antibiotics | Vitrectomy | 1b | single | 1. Complete absorption may occur without organization and the vitreous becomes clear within 4-8 weeks.
2. Organization of haemorrhage with formation of a yellowish-white debris occurs in persistent or recurrent bleeding.
3. Complications like vitreous liquefaction, degeneration and khaki cell glaucoma (in aphakia) may... | Ophthalmology | null |
53d528bc-37d0-442b-b38d-7cf86fba81d7 | Cholera toxin irreversibly stimulates the cAMP-dependent pump in intestinal cells resulting in | Cl- rich watery diarrhea | K+ rich watery diarrhea | Na+ rich watery diarrhea | Ca+ rich watery diarrhea | 0a | single | Cholera toxin irreversibly stimulates the cAMP-dependent Cl- pump in intestinal cells resulting in massive Cl- rich watery diarrhea. Death is caused by extreme dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. | Microbiology | All India exam |
2a636eaf-cc90-4b8d-ad20-ed0f757c64b2 | Least chance of cord prolapse is seen in - | Vertex | Breech | Transverse | Compound | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Vertex Factors associated with cord prolapseo Malpresentations - commonest being transverse (5-10%) & breech (3%) especially with flexed legs or footling and compound presentation (10%)o Contracted pelviso Prematurityo Twinso Hydramnioso Placental factors - minor degree of placenta previa with margina... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Classification, Symptoms, and Signs |
cfc78f8a-806c-45fd-b185-d83f04fec290 | Minimum bone width required for a 4 mm diameter implant is about | 5 mm | 10 mm | 12 mm | 14 mm | 0a | single | null | Dental | null |
279e5a0b-fc4d-475a-a85d-c590ca94d4ca | The organ most vulnerable to ischaemia due to shock- | Lungs | Adrenals | Kidney | Heart | 3d | single | The susceptibility of a tissue to hypoxia influences the likelihood of infarction.
Neurons are most sensitive to hypoxia (irreversible changes develop in 3-4 minutes) followed by myocardial cells (irreversible changes develop in 20-40 minutes).
Fibroblasts are amongst the most resistant cells to hypoxia. | Pathology | null |
81143656-2b48-4792-a4a7-752a3a06dc04 | 18,20,22,24,26,28 and 30, Best Central tendency is determined by:- | Mean | Median | Mode | Range | 0a | single | The Metric data is evenly dispersed around the mean, and it is not skewed, Hence the best measure of central tendency is MEAN. Median is preferred in case of Ordinal data; outliers. Mode is preferred in Nominal data. | Social & Preventive Medicine | Central tendency, Dispersion |
85f75568-d215-4755-aef1-66c19cfa16c0 | Which of the following is true about upper 1/3' of the rectum? | It is covered by peritoneum only anteriorly | It is covered by peritoneum on the front, sides and back | It has no peritoneal attachments | It is covered by peritoneum on the sides and anteriorly | 3d | multi | Ans. is'd' i.e., It is covered by peritoneum on the sides and anteriorlylRef: Basic Human Anatomy, O'Rahilly, Muller Chapter 36)Upper 1/3'd of rectum Covered by peritoneum on the front and sidesMiddle 1/3"r of rectum Covered by peritoneum on the sides onlyLower 1/3"r of rectum Devoid of peritoneal aitachmerits | Anatomy | null |
7a8019c3-fd3c-4f88-bd3b-559b01a25a29 | STEPS is the WHO recommended tool for - | Surveillance of non-communicable disease and their risk factors | Surveillance of communicable diseases and their risk factors | Surveillance of socio-economic status of the community | Changes of trends of moality in non-communicable diseases | 0a | multi | Park's textbook of preventive and social medicine 23rd edition The STEPS - the non communicable disease risk factors survey to help countries establish CMS surveillance system. It describes 3 steps: questionnaire, physical measurements and biochemical measurements. . | Social & Preventive Medicine | Non communicable diseases |
62cbf413-1ecd-4fe4-a64b-25519ce8b819 | Hexokinase is | Ligase | Transferase | Oxidoreductase | Reductase | 1b | single | A hexokinase is an enzyme that phosphorylates hexoses (six-carbon sugars), forming hexose phosphate. In most organisms, glucose is the most impoant substrate of hexokinases, and glucose-6-phosphate is the most impoant product. Hexokinase can transfer an inorganic phosphate group from ATP to a substrate. | Biochemistry | Enzymes |
d3950f2d-777d-4053-ac60-1553937666f2 | Wallace's rule is better known as? | Rule of 10% in pheochromocytoma | Rule of 6 in burns assessment | Rule of 9 in burns assessment | None | 2c | multi | ANSWER: (C) Rule of 9 in burn assessment REF: Schwartz's 9th ed chapter 8 table 8-2, Bailey & Love 25th ed page 382, Practical plastic surgery by Zol B. Kryger, Mark Sisco page 155 | Surgery | Pathophysiology of Burn and Inhalation Injury |
98e8bdc4-a717-41d9-a685-1204a2db5dd3 | The water can in the larynx (saccules) are present in: | Paraglottic space | Pyriform fossa | Reinke's space | Laryngeal ventricles | 3d | single | It is a diveiculum of mucous membrane which stas from the anterior pa of laryngeal ventricle extending between the vestibular folds and lamina of thyroid cailage. The saccule has plenty of mucous glands whose main purpose is to lubricate the vocal cords (vocal cord is devoid of mucous glands) and hence is known as wate... | ENT | null |
eef63ffc-a552-4b83-a7d1-704d323175b8 | Which of the following structures give origin to the Primordial Germ cells? | Chorion | Amnion | Yolk sac | Cord blood | 2c | single | Primordial germ cells normally develop from the wall of the yolk sac close to allantois. After folding of the embryo these cells are present in the wall of hindgut. The primordial germ cells then migrate along the dorsal mesentery of hindgut by active ameboid movement and reach the developing gonad. The primordial germ... | Anatomy | null |
56cfa20f-15b7-4da3-a165-d7bc5e754467 | The maintenance of posture in a normal adult human being depends upon: | Integrity of reflex arc | Muscle power | Type of muscle fibers | Joint movements in physiological range | 0a | single | A i.e. Integrity of Reflex arc'Postural Reflexes not only maintain the body in an upright balanced position but also provide the constant adjustments necessary to maintain a stable postural background for voluntary activity'- Ganong 22"V207Integrity of the postural reflex arc is therefore the single best answer of choi... | Physiology | null |
3540b138-054f-466c-8c48-a4d091dc3741 | A patient arrives at your office with their full gold crown in hand. They explain to you that another dentist delivered it last week. You then examine the crown and the preparation. Which of the following hand instruments is used for creating retentive features in dentin ? | Enamel hatchet | Angle former | Straight chisel | GMT | 1b | single | A special type of excavator is the angle former. It is used primarily for sharpening line angles and creating retentive features in dentin in preparation for gold restorations. It also may be used when placing a bevel on enamel margins. The angle former is mon-angled and has the primary cutting edge at an angle (other ... | Dental | null |
d5c986ee-5732-494f-bbde-bd485f56c2c6 | In strychnine poisoning, convulsions occur because of the antagonist effects at receptors for: | Aspaate | Glycine | GABA | Glutamate | 1b | single | (Ref: KDT 6/e p469) GABA is the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain and glycine is the inhibitory amino acid in the spinal cord. By antagonizing the glycine receptors, strychnine can result in convulsions and other stimulatory symptoms. | Anatomy | Other topics and Adverse effects |
0642119b-3014-46e0-a746-8ea2d362cd53 | All are true about Huntington's disease except - | Chorea | Behavioral disturbance | Early onset of memory loss | Cog- wheel rigidity. | 2c | multi | null | Medicine | null |
91d3ab22-c73b-4d60-b846-60b69bdcf44e | Investigation of choice for small intestine tumor: | Ba meal follow through | Echo | X-ray abdomen | CT scan with contrast | 3d | multi | Ans. CT scan with contrast | Radiology | null |
e7a16595-37cb-481b-87ab-cb86aeb21e5f | Involvement of pyramidal tract leads to all of the following except | Spasticity | Fasciculation | Hyper-reflexia | Positive babinski sign | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Fasciculation | Medicine | null |
61fc18ad-3f3e-47bb-816a-4ca157a32d6f | Pudendal nerve supplying motor pa to external sphincter is derived from? | L5-S1 roots | 51-S2 roots | L2-L3 roots | S2-S3 roots | 3d | single | S2-S3 roots. There are two sphincters of the urethra a. Internal urethral sphincter (also k/a sphincter vesicae) - it is involuntary in nature - made up of smooth muscle - supplied by sympathetic nerves, from lower thoracic & upper lumbar segments of spinal cord b. External urethral sphincter (also k/a sphincter vesica... | Anatomy | null |
18829c65-6ade-4e9f-98af-e3b2f08bad09 | Following are principles in the treatment of compound fractures except | Wound debridement | Immediate wound closure | Tendon repair | Aggressive antibiotic therapy | 1b | multi | B i.e. Immediate wound closure | Surgery | null |
d22e34f6-6763-456a-ac5c-79bccb1bf27f | All are seen in acute Iridocyclitis except: | Pain | Ciliary congestion | Mucopurulent discharge | Small pupil | 2c | multi | C i.e. Mucopurulent discharge Mucopurulent discharge is a feature of acute conjunctivitis not acute iridocyclitisQ. | Ophthalmology | null |
7f9669cf-fdc8-49c9-b888-52fbade93a6c | One of the following is not included in the major criteria for rheumatic hea disease? | Ahritis | Carditis | Erythema marginatum | Raised ASLO titer | 3d | single | Guidelines of diagnosis used by the American Hea Association include major and minor criteria (ie, modified Jones criteria). In addition to evidence of a previous streptococcal infection, the diagnosis requires 2 major Jones criteria or 1 major plus 2 minor Jones criteria. Major criteria are as follows: Carditis, Migra... | Pediatrics | null |
4f53400b-6754-4924-9552-3f2bf88450e8 | Which statement is false regarding familial adenomatous polyposis : | Males are usually carriers | Autosomal dominant inheritance | If not treated progress to malignancy in 100% of cases | Males and females are affected equally. | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e. males are usually carriers Familiar polyposis coli is an autosomal dominant* condition affecting males and females equally.It is characterized by presence of thousands of adenomatous polyps throughout the large bowel.Carcinomatous change* supervenes in these polyps in 100% of cases by the age of 30-35y... | Pathology | Small and Large Intestines |
3a3c1227-5800-4eb1-b90f-e6517c50ff5c | III nerve palsy causes all of the following except - | Ptosis | Mydriasis | Medial deviation of eyeball | Pupillary reflex lost | 2c | multi | Features of 3rd(occulomotor) nerve palsy
Paralysis of superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus and inferior oblique. Eye is down and out due to unopposed action of superior oblique and lateral rectus. Medial & upward gaze is not possible.
Paralysis of sphinctor pupillae → Loss of ipsilateral direct and consensu... | Ophthalmology | null |
30239f09-d2d5-4296-b59e-4e7d4ad43c6d | Which neck swelling moves on swallowing | Submandibular salivary gland | Thyroid gland | Supraclavicular lymph gland | Sternomastoid tumour | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Thyroid gland | Surgery | null |
7f85b600-8c40-4909-b2bb-ac11ad8a0ea2 | "Stary sky" appearance is seen in - | Burkitt's lymphoma | Mantle cell lymphoma | Extra nodal marginal Zone B-cell lymphoma of MALT type | Chronic myeloid leukemia | 0a | single | The tumor consists of sheets of a monotonous (i.e. similar in size and morphology) population of medium-sized lymphoid cells with high proliferative activity and apoptotic activity. The "starry sky" appearance seen under low power is due to scattered tingible body-laden macrophages (macrophages containing dead apoptoti... | Pathology | Haematology |
9e3d87b5-0d19-41b9-8d24-a82a3f15a725 | Cardiomyopathy is caused by | Actinomycin D | Doxorubicin | Mitomycin C | Mitoxantrone | 1b | single | Ref: Katzung 14th ed. pg. 964-65; KDTy 6th ed. pg. 826-27* Doxorubicin and daunorubicin are anti-tumor antibiotics. Activity of Daunorubicin is limited to acute leukemia while doxorubicin is effective in several solid tumors.# MOA: Cause breaks in DNA strands by activating topoisomerse II and generating quinolone type ... | Pharmacology | Anti-Cancer |
7b5c8f3a-9423-4a3c-9bcd-41bdf784ab8b | Restrictive and constrictive cardiomyopathy occurs together in | Radiation | Adriamycin | Post cardiotomy | Amyloidosis | 3d | single | The etiologies of RCM may be grouped into broad categories as follows: Primary/idiopathic: Endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF), loeffler eosinophilic endomyocardial disease Secondary: Infiltrative, amyloidosis (the most common cause of RCM in the United States), sarcoidosis , progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) , he... | Medicine | C.V.S |
eb4fa015-fced-4cee-b111-90903ea72e08 | Centromere is almost at the tip of the chromosome in: | Metacentric | Submetacentric | Acrocentric | Telocentric | 2c | single | Types Of CHROMOSOMES: | Pathology | null |
0f2cc09c-f7fa-47c2-a489-4d3a21011722 | Action of topoisomerase III - | Remove positive supercoil | Remove negative supercoil | Form negative supercoid | Single strand break | 3d | single | Ans. is 4d' i.e., Single strand breako Topoisomerase I - Removes negative supercoiling.o Topoisomerase II - Relaxes positive supercoils and forms negative supercoiling by condensation, of chromosome,o Topoisomerase III - Can introduce single strand breaks during recombination that are required for DNA to be exchanged b... | Biochemistry | DNA Replication |
262eff35-d783-4d0a-847e-2702fad923ad | Fracture scaphoid is usually seen in | Elderly male | Elderly postmenopausal female | Young active adult | Children | 2c | multi | Scaphoid fracture is more common in young adults. Its rare in children and in elderly people. Fracture occurs through the waist of scaphoid. Rarely, occurs through tuberosity. It may be either a crack or a displaced fracture. On examination tenderness on scaphoid fossa or anatomical snuff box. Complications: avascular ... | Orthopaedics | Forearm wrist and hand injuries |
49400ed9-4038-489e-b0f4-917f8b781f89 | True about apoptosis is all, except - | Considerable apoptosis may occur in tissues before it becomes apparent in histology | Apoptotic cells appear round mass of the intensely eosinophillic cytoplasm with dense nuclear chromatin fragments | Apoptosis of cells induce inflammatory reaction | Macrophages phagocytose the apoptotic cells and degrade them. | 2c | multi | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Apoptosis of cells induce Inflammatory reaction oThe two most striking features of apoptosis are: 1. In contrast to necrosis it does not elicit inflammation 2. Considerable apoptosis may occur in tissues before it becomes apparent in histological section (because it occurs very rapidly). Morphological... | Pathology | null |
409e2895-ec19-45f3-ab4a-4d9947e74f0a | Classical triad of Budd-Chiari syndrome: | Fever, jaundice, abdominal pain | Fever, ascites, jaundice | Hepatomegaly, abdominal pain, ascites | Abdominal pain, jaundice, Hepatomegaly | 2c | single | BUDD-CHIARI SYNDROME TRIAD- Ascites + Hepatomegaly + Abdominal pain . Treatment Side to Side Poo-caval Shunt is the most effective therapy. | Surgery | Liver |
a4b02836-4bfd-4d50-bcf7-c40703d5b9ad | Most common disease of human body is: | Gingivitis | Hypertension | Diabetes | Dental caries | 3d | single | Dental caries, the most common disease in the mouth, is also the most common disease of the entire body. The first step in treating this disease is to identify it, and radiology is one of the best tools available to do so. | Radiology | null |
fdd8aba1-78ae-489a-bf45-4b6d85bf2949 | Volcano ulcers in esophagus are seen in: | Herpetic esophagitis | Candida esophagitis | Apthous ulcer in Crohn | HIV esophagitis | 0a | single | Volcano ulcers - Herpetic esophagitis - odynophagia Candida esophagitis Whitish plague adheres to wall of esophagus | Medicine | viral infection |
8b392b0e-e0cc-44cf-8b7d-32e29b93d863 | Mesangial cells are contracted by | Histamine | Nitric oxide | Bradykinin | Dopamine | 0a | single | Contraction Relaxation Endothelins ANP AngiotensinII Dopamine Vasopressin PGE2 Norepinephrine cAMP Platelet-activating factor Platelet-derived growth factor Thromboxane A2 PGF2 Leukotrienes C4 and D4 Histamine Ref: Ganong's Review of medical physiology 25th edition. Page: 678 Table 37-3 | Physiology | Cardiovascular system |
ad725e37-f81b-4c4d-9bc4-917984b289b8 | A 40-year-old non-alcoholic male patient presented to the OPD with jaundice, lethargy, ahralgia, skin pigmentation, loss of libido, polyuria, polydipsia and exeional dyspnea. O/E, Hepatosplenomegaly Increased pigmentation and spider angiomas Ahropathy Ascites Loss of body hair and testicular atrophy Iron studies were d... | C282Y | H63D | H62D | C283Y | 0a | multi | This is a case of haemochromatosis with C282Y mutation. HPE image shows Prussian blue-stained section, hepatocellular iron appears blue. The most common HFE mutation is a cysteine-to-tyrosine substitution at amino acid 282 (called C282Y). The other common mutation is H63D (histidine at position 63 to aspaate). DETERMIN... | Unknown | Integrated QBank |
870e3907-d606-4e2c-8bde-cadf904e74bd | A preterm neonate with hyaline membrane disease needs to be treated with: | Dexamethasone | Betamethasone | Hydrocortisone | Surfactant | 3d | single | d. Surfactant(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 854)Systemic or inhaled corticosteroids have been used, mainly in those infants with RDS, who continue to require respiratory support & in whom bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) develops.Routine use of corticosteroids for the prevention or treatment of BPD is not recommended by the Ame... | Pediatrics | New Born Infants |
d1f013a3-5b44-4395-aca4-d6a5d8f30e0c | In normal diurnal variation, intraocular pressure is: | Highest on awakening and lowest during evening | Lowest during morning and highest during evening | Highest in the morning and evening | Lowest in the morning and evening | 0a | single | Ans. Highest on awakening and lowest during evening | Ophthalmology | null |
f2a13810-7950-498e-9161-b2ab24c79074 | Example of syndesmosis joint is: September 2007 | Tibiotalar joint | Tibiofibular joint | Elbow joint | Carpometacarpal joint | 1b | single | Ans. B: Tibiofibular Joint I. Six types of synol joints are: Hinge Ball-and-socket Pivot Condyloid (angular or ellipsoidal) Plane (gliding) Saddle. - The elbow is an example of a hinge joint. Here, the convex and concave aiculating bones allow movement along one plane, similar to a door. -The shoulder and hip are the o... | Surgery | null |
e3661b5b-ea0f-4f44-a528-cc9b0d4fcd38 | Epidemic dropsy results from - | Dhatura poisoning | Argemone poisoning | Aluminum phosphide poisoning | Organophosphorus poisoning | 1b | single | Sanguarine,a toxic alkalpid from argemone oil interfers with the oxidation of pyruvic acid which accumulates in the blood causing epidemic dropsy.seeds of argemone mexicana closely resembles mustard seeds.(Ref.PARK'S textbook of social and preventive medicine 21st edition page no.608) | Social & Preventive Medicine | Nutrition and health |
1f72a502-fe4a-474e-ac7e-35763a68c907 | Sullivan's Index is | Disability Free Life expectancy(DFLE) | Disability Adjusted Life expectancy(DALE) | Quality Adjusted Life Expectancy(QALE) | Health Adjusted Life Expectancy(HALE) | 0a | single | Sullivan's Index : Life expectancy - Duration of disability. | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
1c698c37-de43-40b3-9346-b812efd0e4b3 | Which structure prevents spread of infection from middle ear to brain | Tegmen tympani | Cribriform plate | Fundus tympani | Petrous apex | 0a | single | Tegmen tympani forms the roof of the middle ear and it also extends posteriorly to form a roof of aditus and antrum. Reference: Dhingra 6th edition | ENT | Ear |
824ae482-5fe1-40f5-9a8a-8b0e09c3bc6e | Systolic murmur in TOF is due to ? | VSD | Pulmonary stenosis | ASD | None | 1b | multi | Ejection systolic murmur in TOF is due to pulmonary stenosis. Ref : Ghai essential of pediatrics, eighth edition, p.no:420 | Pediatrics | C.V.S |
b5cfc71b-6813-41e6-aec8-850c0d7ae272 | Longest cranial nerve is | Vagus | Trigeminal | Trochlear | Olfactory | 0a | single | The word "vagus" means wandering in Latin. This is a very appropriate name, as the vagus nerve is the longest cranial nerve. It runs all the way from the brain stem to pa of the colon. Ref - medscape.com | Anatomy | Head and neck |
b002b576-466a-4c78-a73e-aca6d3979fa7 | A patient with sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis is on ATT for the last 5 months but the patient is still positive fo AFB in the sputum. This case refers to - | New case | Failure case | Relapse case | Drug defaulter | 1b | single | - any patient treated with category I of DOTS who has a positive s near at 5 months of the treatment should be considered as failure case. - the patient should be staed with Category II treatment afresh. Reference : Park's textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, pg no:188 <\p> | Social & Preventive Medicine | Communicable diseases |
b117ad23-4b1b-48a3-a7fc-546be44e6140 | Hypercarbia is characterized by: | Miosis | Cool extremities | Bradycardia | Hypeension | 3d | single | Excess CO2 in aerial blood (hypercarbia/hypercapnia) has a direct peripheral effect; it causes cutaneous vasodilation. However, it acts on the VMC, resulting in increased sympathetic vasoconstrictor discharge. This will result in vasoconstriction in other vascular beds. These effects tend to cancel out, yet there is in... | Physiology | Respiratory System Pa 3 |
f9b0da95-2384-4512-b3a4-58822417f156 | Which of the following drug have high volume of distribution of drug? | Lipophilic | Hydrophilic | Highly protein bound | Drug with low therapeutic index | 0a | single | Ans. A. Lipophilic. (Ref KDT 6th/pg. 19; Harrison's 17th edition, page 29)APPARENT VOLUME OF DISTRIBUTION (Theoretical volume occupied by the total absorbed drug amount at the plasma concentration.)# Vd = amount of drug in the body / plasma drug concentrationFactors governing the volume of drug distribution:# Lipid: Wa... | Pharmacology | General Pharmacology |
06f554cd-8f61-4a0a-adee-9336fa2d5768 | Most common cardiac involvement in Rheumatoid arthritis is | Conduction defects | Pericarditis | Myocarditis | Infective Endocarditis | 1b | single | (B) Pericarditis # CARDIAC COMPLICATIONS OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS> Pericarditis: Asymptomatic. One-third of patients with seropositive RA.> Myocarditis.> Endocarditis.> Conduction defects.> Coronary vasculitis.> Granulomatous aortitis. | Medicine | Miscellaneous |
a3d29426-25fd-487f-a1e2-e8d65ccb9f41 | Young Helmholtz theory is associated with which of the following? | Colour vision | Nerve conduction | Nerve conduction | None of the above | 0a | multi | The Young-Helmholtz theory of color vision in humans postulates the existence of three kinds of cones, each containing a different photopigment and that are maximally sensitive to one of the three primary colors, with the sensation of any given color being determined by the relative frequency of the impulses from each ... | Ophthalmology | null |
633654e3-5f68-4087-a845-6882c4d7b420 | Regarding congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis true statement is: | On feeding an olive mass palpated in epigastric region | On nonfeeding a mass is palpated in right upper quadrant | Mass is felt in umbilical region | A palpable mass is seen in right iliac fossa | 1b | multi | Ans. (b) On non feeding a mass is palpated in right upper quadrantRef: Bailey and Love 27th Edition, Page 128Congenital Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis* Diagnosed by clinical finding* During a test feed a visible gastric peristalsis is seen passing from left to right across upper abdomen.* In a relaxed baby (nonfeeding):... | Surgery | Stomach & Duodenum |
3994eaf7-b17f-4adb-bebc-2585cdc89033 | Which congenital heart disease is associated with pre excitation ? | Atrial Septal Defect | Bicuspid Aortic Valve | Ebstein's Anomaly | Patent Ductus Arteriosus | 2c | single | null | Medicine | null |
81de7992-2502-46af-9d9b-59a74acec651 | The MOST commonly used chemotherapeutic agent in trans aerial chemoembolisaion for hepatocellular carcinoma is: | Doxorubicin | Cisplatin | Mitomycin C | 5 FU | 0a | single | Doxorubicin, Cisplatin and Mitomycin all are used in TACE. However the most commonly used agent is Doxorubicin. Ref: Quality-Improvement Guidelines for Hepatic Transaerial Chemoembolization: Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol | Medicine | null |
2b7fa72e-2316-4014-bbe7-a979903ff20a | Which of the following muscle act as tensor of vocal cord? | Vocalis | Cricothyroid | Cricoarytenoid | Thyroarytenoid | 1b | single | Cricothyroid Vocalis which is the internal pa of thyroarytenoid act as tensor of vocal cord. Muscles acting as abductors of vocal cords: posterior cricoarytenoid Adductors of vocal cords: lateral cricoarytenoid, interarytenoid and thyroarytenoid (external pa). Muscles which acts as openers of laryngeal inlet: Thyroepig... | ENT | null |
3831d323-da2c-4f5c-af28-ac9d570f3019 | Doc for Cryptosporidium parvum is | Nitazoxanide | Cotrimoxazole | Ivermectin | DEC | 0a | single | Nitazoxanide is Doc for Cryptosporidium.
Cotrimoxazole is Doc for Cyclospora and isospora. | Microbiology | null |
c34d4593-0118-46b2-9f25-6d920e5184ba | All of the following are features of cochlear hearing loss except- | SISI test is positive | Speech discrimination is highly impaired | No tone decay | Damage to hair cells | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Speech discrimination is highly impaired Cochlear SNHLRetrocochlear SNHLDamage to hair cellsDamage to VIII nerve and its connectionsRecruitment presentRecruitment AbsentNo significant tone decaySignificant tone decaySISI PositiveSISI NegativeSpeech discrimination not highly impairedSpeech discriminati... | ENT | Hearing Loss |
6645e249-bcb8-4ac9-bfa2-cb4e63e36d1e | Testing of Hypothesis is | Descriptive epidemiology | Analytical | Experimental | None of the above | 1b | multi | null | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
592e66af-1312-4a6d-8f39-b5aafed8c2d2 | Which is the best investigation to detect Pneumoperitoneum? | Plain X ray abdomen, erect | Left lateral decubitus | Plain X ray chest, erect | CT Scan | 2c | single | The term pneumoperitoneum refers to the presence of air within the peritoneal cavity. The most common cause is a perforation of the abdominal viscus--most commonly, a perforated ulcer. At least 2 radiographs should be obtained, including a supine abdominal radiograph and either an erect chest image or a left lateral de... | Radiology | null |
17aa9d64-24b3-4688-bead-0478ee609426 | Index of duration of malnutrition is - | Weight for height | Height for age | Weight for age | None | 1b | multi | <p> Malnutrition: Defined as a pathological state resulting from a relative or absolute deficiency or excess of one or more essential nutrients. It comprises: Undernutrition, Overnitrition, Imbalance and Specific deficiency. Main victims are children under 15 years. Children under 5 years are hit the hardest. Malnutrit... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Nutrition and health |
dd423d22-e34c-4659-9db5-a8fef634f55f | All are components of Meig's syndrome. Except - | Pleural effusion | Ovarian tumour | Ascitis | Pericardial effusion | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' ' Pericardial effusion (Ref : Shaws, 13/e, p 365 (12/e, p 322))."Meigs syndrome is combination of ovarian fibroma* with ascites* and hydrothorax* usually right sided" - Shaws, 12/e.Other than fibroma, other ovarian tumours associated with this syndrome are -Granulosa tumours*Brenner tumour* | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Presentation (Carcinoma Ovary) |
ac38cd09-a08f-43f5-b941-12ee7f8bcec1 | With which heart diseases in Pregnancy is prognosis worst: | Eisenmenger's syndrome | Aortic Stenosis | Mitral Stenosis | MVP | 0a | single | Ans. a (Eisenmenger's syndrome). (Ref. Textbook of obstetrics D C Dutta 6th ed. 296)HEART DISEASE IN PREGNANCY# The risk of fetal congenital malformations is increased by 3-10% if either parents have congenital lesions. In mother with AV septal defect, risk of having concordant abnormality in baby is very much high.# M... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Miscellaneous (Gynae) |
235e13ec-fd0c-4070-857c-c8c6e229409f | All of the following are seen in Coarctation of Aorta, except- | Diminution of femoral pulsations | High incidence of associated Bicuspid aortic valve | Left ventricular Hypertrophy | Boot Shaped Heart | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Boot Shaped Heart Coarctation of Aorta -o Symptoms of coarctation of Aorta occurs due to decrease in blood supply distal to Aortic obstruction.o Narrowing or constriction of lumen in coarctation of Aorta may occur anywhere along its length but is most common distal to the origin of the left subclavian... | Medicine | Diseases of the Aorta |
4a4a7fb9-64fa-486c-97de-91c1d3acb790 | Hernia into pouch of Douglas is ..... hernia - | Beclard's | Bochdaleks | Blandin's | Berger's | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Berger's Beclard's hernia ---> is the femoral hernia through the opening of the saphenous vein (named after Pierre Augustin Beclard) [Ref: www.whonamedit.comj | Surgery | null |
4097ed6a-e27b-413d-91b9-c3c77a69b939 | Most common cerebellar tumor in children | Medullobalstoma | Epdendymoma | Astrocytoma | PNET | 2c | single | Refer Robbins page no 8/e | Anatomy | General anatomy |
63112aeb-b3d5-42d2-b904-dc846c018090 | "Blow-out" fracture of orbit involves: | Floor | Medial wall | All of the above | None of the above | 2c | multi | Ans. All of the above | Ophthalmology | null |
f5578c26-3eb1-4183-8c8d-87f8ecf25201 | According to Herrington classification, the decerebrate rigidity is characterized by all except | Rigidity occurs in all the muscles of the body | Increase in the rate of discharge of the Y efferent neuron | Increased excitability of the motor neuron pool | Decerebration produces no phenomenon akin to spinal shock | 0a | multi | In decerebrate rigidity, there is rigidity in extensor muscles of all the four extremities (not all muscles of the body). Decerebration Complete transection of the brain stem between the superior and inferior colliculi permits the brain stem pathways to function independently of their input from higher brain structures... | Physiology | All India exam |
aef953f6-b23b-4735-b992-aad3aadf02c0 | The type of chisel with the shank and blade slightly curved is: | Straight chisel | Wedelsaedt chisel | Enamel hatchet | GMT | 1b | single | null | Dental | null |
6ed2cf7f-2512-4f53-96be-ea458a6e3410 | Platlets can be stored at | 20-24degC for 5 days | 20-24degC for 8 days | 4-8degC for 5 days | 4-8degC for 8 days | 0a | single | Ans. is (a) i.e. 20-24degC for 5 days | Surgery | null |
b2c914c8-f99a-403d-93a9-044a5e530695 | Enlarged liver with Hepatocellular dysfunction seen In- | Wilson's disease | Budd. Chiari syndrome | Alcoholic hepatitis | NASH | 0a | single | Pathophysiology Normally, dietary copper is absorbed from the stomach and proximal small intestine and is rapidly taken into the liver, where it is stored and incorporated into caeruloplasmin, which is secreted into the blood. The accumulation of excessive copper in the body is ultimately prevented by its excretion, th... | Medicine | G.I.T |
65401441-3add-493b-99b3-5d40c8e42df9 | The major cause of us is | M. canis | E. floccosum | T. rubrum | T. schoenlenii | 3d | single | Favus is a chronic infection caused most commonly by T schoenleinii and usually affecting the scalp. Most common organism associated with us is Trichophyton schoenlenii. E. floccosum- cause Tinea unguium (nail beds) M. canis- cause ECTOTHRIX(infection of hair) T. rubrum- cause Tinea cruris (groin area) | Microbiology | Mycology |
6a8d17d3-e69e-4372-94e9-0087c916e1d0 | Time difference between screening test and standard test is known as- | Lead time | Generation time | CIP | Lag time | 0a | single | <p>Screening is the search for unrecognised disease or defect by means of rapidly applied tests ,examinations or other procedures in apparently healthy individuals. Lead time is the advantage gained by screening.it is the time period between diagonosis by early detection and diagonosis by other means.That is lead time ... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Screening |
6c23eb9c-b570-4fbc-aebd-ce3b36845406 | Uncommon complication of meckels diveiculum is: September 2005 | Intussusception | Diveiculitis | Malignancy | Increased bleeding | 2c | single | Ans. C: Malignancy Epidemiology - More common in males by ratio of 3:2 Lifetime complication rate: 4% - More than 50% of complications occur before age 10 History-Initial repo by Hildanus in 1598, Detailed description by Johann Meckel in 1809 Pathophysiology: Meckel's Diveiculum - Incomplete vitelline duct (omphalomese... | Surgery | null |
b801d5fc-5dd0-42fe-805a-c989a5ae0eba | A 50-year-old male patient presented to the OPD with the complaint of progressive dysphagia for 4 months both to solids and liquids but more to the solids. There was history of significant weight loss, loss of appetite, pain while swallowing, a hoarse voice and cervical lymphadenopathy. Upper GI endoscopy and barium st... | Smoking | Plummer Vinson syndrome | Achalasia cardia | Barrett's esophagus | 3d | multi | This is a case of carcinoma esophagus (squamous cell carcinoma) 1ST image shows a mass in the lumen of the esophagus. 2nd image shows the rat tailing seen on Barium swallow in carcinoma esophagus. 3rd image shows the classical keratin pearl seen in squamous cell carcinoma. Barret's esophagus is a risk factor adenocarci... | Unknown | Integrated QBank |
c6eeb273-44e0-4586-8c56-1adb8965b8c6 | Tumorgenesis in Aging is due to: | Telomerase reactivation | Telomerase inactivation | Increased apoptosis | Suppression of proto-oncogenes | 0a | single | Telomerase reactivation | Pathology | null |
f0fae1ce-6c1d-4551-8ae0-6d4ea3ff4ddb | Patient came with H/O prolonged labour (15 hrs) in emergency. On examination there were signs of obstructed labour. Ideal position for the patient to undergo the cesarean section? | Prone position with legs in stirrup | Trendelenberg with legs in stirrup | Supine with wedge under right hip. | Semi fowler position | 2c | single | In this condition, position should be supine with wedge under right hip so the position will be a bit tilted towards the left to prevent compression of vena cava and the hea will get sufficient various return, giving good output to fetus. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Labour - III |
531fe815-9d3b-4664-a1c2-f4d24b4155ec | Resting membrane potential is maximally affected by which ion- | Na+ | K+ | Ca2+ | Cl- | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., K+ "RMP is mainly due to difference of concentrations ofK+ ions in ECF and ICF". -- Chaudhari* The cell membrane is selectively permeable. Due to presence of potassium leak channels K+ ions are freely permeable but permeability of Na+ is much less. In the generation of RMP, following sequence of event... | Physiology | General |
bc9ace10-1e3d-4c85-8998-9175fffc2335 | All of the following are true about Ebola virus except? | Incubation period is 2-21 days | Belongs to flaviviridae | Bowl of spaghetti appearance seen | Investigation of choice is RT - PCR | 1b | multi | Ebola virus belongs to Filoviridae. | Microbiology | null |
a2826d60-20a4-4746-b247-283463241eda | Which one of the following is NOT an Endocrine Myopathy? | Addison's disease | Cushing's disease | Myasthenia gravis | Primary Hypoparathyroidism | 2c | single | (C) Myasthenia gravis # ENDOCRINE MYOPATHY:> Major categories of endocrine myopathy include those associated with Adrenal dysfunction (as in Gushing disease or steroid myopathy); Thyroid dysfunction (as in myxedema coma or thyrotoxic myopathy); Parathyroid dysfunction (as in multiple endocrine neoplasia); Pituitary dys... | Medicine | Miscellaneous |
f6973d3c-7cea-4ce9-b300-cfa1bb765f4c | Which of the following is true regarding anthracoid bacilli? | No growth in penicillin agar | Growth inhibited by chloral hydrate | Not susceptible to gamma phage | No growth at 45 degree celsius | 2c | multi | Anthracoid bacilli usually grow in penicillin agar. Their growth is not inhibited by chloral hydrate. They usually grow at 45 degree celsius. They are not susceptible to gamma phage. They are motile, non capsulated bacilli which grow in sho chains. | Microbiology | Systemic Bacteriology (Gram Positive Bacilli, Gram Negative Bacilli) |
0b880744-9626-42a3-ac0b-b3a6e7096cef | Magistrate inquest can be done by all except | Collector | Deputy collector | Tahsildar | Village officer | 3d | multi | Magistrate inquest This is conducted by Executive Magistrates They are Collector Deputy collector Revenue Divisional Officer Tahsildar Ref: FORENSIC MEDICINE AND TOXICOLOGY Dr PC IGNATIUS THIRD EDITION PAGE 7 | Anatomy | General anatomy |
969a4476-2375-4998-aa47-1808325145e7 | Pasteur developed the vaccine for | Anthrax | Rabies | Chicken cholera | All of the above | 3d | multi | Pasteur introduced an attenuated vaccine for chicken pox, cholera, anthrax and rabies. Development of vaccine for hydrophobic marked a milestone in the development of immunisation in medicine. | Microbiology | general microbiology |
25b37aef-8126-47cb-83fe-241675f21322 | All of the following statements regarding total anomalous pulmonary connection are true except – | The total pulmonary venous blood reaches the right atrium | Always associated with a VSD | The oxygen saturation of the blood in the pulmonary artery is higher than that in the aorta | Infracardiac type is always obstructive | 1b | multi | Hemodynamics of TAPVC
TAPVC results in the pulmonary venous blood reaching the right atrium which also receives the systemic venous blood.
This results in volume overload to right atrium -p Right atrial enlargement.
Larger volume of blood reaches the right ventricle --> Right ventricle enlargement.
The blood flow to ... | Pediatrics | null |
c08ab446-4073-4d0e-83a9-2cf64d28f1d9 | Which of the following drugs should not be used in a setting of severe hypeension in elderly on empirical basis | Enalapril | Amlodipine | Chlohiazide | Prazosin | 3d | single | Postsynaptic, selective a-adrenoreceptor antagonists lower blood pressure by decreasing peripheral vascular resistance. They are effective antihypeensive agents used either as monotherapy or in combination with other agents. However, in clinical trials of hypeensive patients, alpha blockade has not been shown to reduce... | Medicine | C.V.S |
a849b9cf-49b0-411e-b855-55186321f7e3 | A 30 year old male patient complains of food lodgment and pain in lower right back teeth region. RCT was done with 46 and 45 was missing. Cast metal restoration was planned. The distortion during the fabrication of this prosthesis is because of all of the following except- | Configuration of the pattern | Type of wax used | Thickness of the pattern | None | 3d | multi | DISTORTION
Any marked distortion of the casting is probably related to a distortion of the wax pattern. This type of distortion can be minimized or prevented by proper manipulation of the wax and handling of the pattern. Unquestionably some distortion of the wax pattern occurs as the investment hardens around it. The s... | Dental | null |
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