medmcqa

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id stringlengths 36 36	question stringlengths 1 1.57k	opa stringlengths 1 287	opb stringlengths 1 287	opc stringlengths 1 286	opd stringlengths 1 301	cop class label 4 classes	choice_type stringclasses 2 values	exp stringlengths 1 22.5k ⌀	subject_name stringclasses 21 values	topic_name stringlengths 3 135 ⌀
c54ace25-5da5-4215-ab7d-a38109f67af4	Osmotic fragility is increased in ?	Sickle cell anaemia	Thalassemia	Hereditary spherocytosis	Chronic lead poisoning	2c	single	Ans. is 'c' i.e., Hereditary spherocytosis Osmotic fragility of Red blood cells. Red blood cell osmotic fragility is the resistance of RBC hemolysis to osmotic changes. o Normally RBC maintains osmotic equilibrium with the surrounding medium i.e., with serum that has 0.9% NaCl. o As the surrounding medium becomes hypot...	Pathology	null
6e9d73be-adf4-402b-8c33-4c04fc394a07	Which drug is not used to prevent contrast nephropathy -	Fenoldopam	N-acetylcysteine	Infusion of Hair normal saline	Hemodialysis	0a	single	Ans. is 'a' i.e., Fenoldopam Summary And Recommendations for prevention of contrast induced nephropathy (uptodate recommendation )o Optimal therapy to prevent contrast-induced acute renal failure remains uncertain. Patients with near-normal renal function are at little risk and few precautions are necessary other than ...	Medicine	Drugs
9063e3de-5630-4b5d-8a5e-d86952102c4c	Aminoacyl t-RNA is not require for -	Proline	Lysine	Hydroxy lysine	Methionine	2c	single	Ans. is 'c' i.e., Hydroxylysine o The initial step in protein synthesis is the activation of amino acid in which each of the 20 amino-acids is covalently attached to their respective t-RNA, forming specific amino acyl t-RNA.o The reaction is catalyzed by ami noacyl t-RNA synthase.o Hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine are ...	Biochemistry	Amino Acids Basics
0a875738-183d-47f9-9cd4-46ed028279f3	Intermediate host for hydatid disease:	Man	Dog	Cat	Foxes	0a	single	Man	Microbiology	null
ad019ad8-9ecd-469e-933b-da97560a1349	Episodes of depression in major depressive disorder tend to:	Increase in frequency with age	Decrease in length with age	Last for about 9 months when treated	Have a rapid onset	0a	single	Episodes of major depression tend to increase in both length and frequency with age. When treated, episodes of major depression last for about 3 months. If untreated, depression lasts from 6 to 12 months. Episodes of major depression often have a gradual onset and occur an average of 5 to 6 times over a 20-year period.	Psychiatry	null
17b0da8b-caee-45ea-9455-59a897d0fa73	Which of the following does cause epidemic kerato conjuctivitis -	Adenovirus	Enterovirus	Coxsakie virus	Herpes virus	0a	single	adeno virus cause epidemic keratoconjuctivitis REF:<\p> MICROBIOLOGY ANANTHA NARAYANAN NINTH EDITION PAGE.482	Microbiology	Virology
33653d43-6214-4175-b026-c93cfa645e7b	Sacrococcygeal teratoma is associated with:	Meningocele	Cardiac detects	Hepatic cysts	Cystic adenoid malformation	0a	single	Ans: A (Menigocele) Ref: Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease: 8th editionExplanation:Sacrococcygeal TeratomasMost common teratomas of childhoodAccounts for 40% or more of casesFour times more common in girlsApproximately 10% of sacrococcygeal teratomas are associated with congenital anomaliesPrimarily defect...	Surgery	Miscellaneous (Neoplasia)
7ddfa638-0a38-4f7f-a30c-b3469addea92	Which poisoning causes 'pink disease'?	Arsenic	Mercury	Copper	Lead	1b	single	Ans. is 'b' i.e. Mercury Pink disease or Acrodvniao It is thought to be an idiosyncratic hypersensitivity reaction particularly seen in children. This can be caused by chronic mercury exposure in any form usually in children. The onset is insidious with anorexia, insomnia, sweating, skin rash and photophobia. Hands and...	Forensic Medicine	Forensic Toxicology - Concepts, Statutes, Evidence, and Techniques
6ced785b-413c-4df8-8ce8-aa579c6d9521	What is the treatment of threshold ROP?	laser photocoagulation	slow reduction in oxygen	retinal reattachment	antioxidants	0a	single	Ans is 'a' i.e. Laser Photocoagulation Threshold disease in ROP is defined as stage 3+ ROP in Zones 1 or 2 occupying at least five contiguous clock-hours or eight noncontiguous clock-hours of retina.Treatment of threshold disease is Laser Photocoagulation.'Laser therapy has largely replaced cryotherapy because visual a...	Ophthalmology	Dystrophies and Degenerations
6151d0b8-8f10-4375-ad6b-c8ceda5cecee	Diplopia is usually seen in ?	Paralytic squint	Non-paralytic squint	Both of the above	None of the above	0a	multi	Ans. is 'a' i.e., Paralytic squint	Ophthalmology	null
783c7c1e-1433-404c-9ff9-8d1e773bbd13	Which is the most common lymphoma in adults?	Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL)	Hodgkin lymphoma	Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL)	Follicular lymphoma	2c	single	DLBCL - Most common lymphoma in adults Follicular lymphoma - Most common indolent lymphoma in adults Chronic lymphocytic leukemia - Most common leukemia in adults	Pathology	Non Hodgkin Iymphoma
3a5e5f71-377d-4104-ac1c-2b86d75b2ece	Mooning is a form of	Exhibitionism	Transvestism	Voyeurism	Eonism	0a	single	Flashing: The act of momentarily exposing or revealing sexual body pa by quickly moving the clothing. Streaking: The act of running naked through a public place. Mooning: The act of displaying one's bare buttocks, by lowering the pants and bending over	Forensic Medicine	Sexual offences
da1ae1cd-24a5-42c1-8d1f-a980bda9e921	All are seen in vitamin C deficiency except:	Swollen bleeding gums	Delayed wound healing	Anemia	Infeility	3d	multi	Vitamin C/Ascorbic acid deficiency leads toScurvy Clinical manifestation of scurvy: Swollen and bleeding gums Subcutaneous bleeding and brushing into skin/joints Delayed wound healing Anemia Weakness.	Social & Preventive Medicine	Vitamins and Nutritional Deficiencies
18a6981c-d029-4302-983d-47afaa422dfe	A person had injury to right upper limb he is not able to extend fingers but able to extend wrist and elbow. Nerve injured is -	Radial	Median	Ulnar	Posterior interosseus	3d	single	Posterior interosseous emerges from the supinator on the back of the forearm .Here it lies between the superficial and deep muscles.At the lower border of the extensor pollicis brevis, it passes deep to extensor pollicis longus.it then runs on the posterior surface of the interosseous membrane up to the wrist where it ...	Anatomy	Upper limb
98962868-b39b-4f72-8a54-79cce3221fba	The patient with least risk of pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents during induction of anesthesia is:-	Markedly obese and NPO for eight hours	Fed coffee four hours before elective surgery	Scheduled for elective cesarean delivery and NPO for 20 hours	NPO for four hours after a full meal	0a	single	NPO is same for obese and normal. NPO guidelines - 6hrs for liquid and semisolid, 2 hours NPO for clear fluids. Subset of patients who are at high risk for aspiration - pregnant women, morbidly obese (rapid sequence induction), full fatty meal - 8 hours NPO.	Anaesthesia	JIPMER 2019
458caac4-b90f-47d7-939d-934e9a724f5e	Which of the following enzyme uses citrate in fatty acid synthesis?	Aconitase	Citrate synthase	Malic enzyme	ATP citrate lyase	1b	single	Reference: Harpers illustrated biochemistry 30th edition	Biochemistry	Structure and function of protein
b9c5bea0-b253-4907-8e7e-c3945589c4f7	Which of the following changes does not occur in malignant hypeension :	Peticheal Haemorrhages on coical surface	Fibrinoid necrosis of aerioles	Intimal concentric thickening	Hyaline aeriosclerosis	3d	single	Answer is D (Hyaline Aeriosclerosis) : Hyaline aeriosclerosis is a feature of Benign Nephrosclerosis associated with benign phase of Hypeension. It is not a ,feature of Malignant Hypeension.	Medicine	null
d1081012-1be8-4319-9bf2-7d2438593c88	Which of the following nerves has the best prognosis for repair after injury -	Ulnar	Radial	Median	Lateral popliteal	1b	single	Ans. is 'b' i.e., Radial nerveRecovery potential after nerve repairExcellent :- Radial, Musculocutaneous, femoral, digital nervesModerate :- Median, Ulnar, TibialPoor :- Common peroneal (lateral popliteal)	Orthopaedics	Radial Nerve Injury
8efc285f-673d-4fab-ab18-aa4922f36e9b	Treatment in post operative shivering?	Pethidine	Piritramide	Methadone	Pentazocine	0a	single	Ans. is 'a' i.e., Pethidine Post-anaesthesia shivering (PAS) Post anaesthesia (post operative) shivering occurs in 40% of patients recovering from general anaesthesia. Some time it is preceded by central hypothermia and peripheral vasoconstriction, indicating that it is a thermoregulatory mechanism Pethidine is most ef...	Anaesthesia	null
db9f1bea-9ad6-4037-9995-355eb0840177	Birbeck’s granules in the cytoplasm are seen in:	Langerhans cells	Mast cells	Myelocytes	Thrombocytes	0a	single	Birbeck granules are rod Shaped/Tennis-racket shaped cytoplasmic organelles with a central linear density and a striated appearance. They are diagnostic microscopic feature in Langerhans cell histiocytosis (Histiocytosis X)	Pathology	null
3452b1d3-b750-4d40-ae9e-79a1a0c6dddf	Crural index is:	Length of tibia/femur x 100	Length of radius/humerus x 100	Length of fibula/tibia x 100	Length of radius/ulna x 100	0a	single	Ans. Length of tibia/femur x 100	Forensic Medicine	null
0473aeb8-a083-4cca-ac55-c0cdba0c6f03	Primordial prevention is done to prevent development of ?	Disease	Risk factors	Impairment	Disability	1b	single	Ans. is 'b' i.e., Risk factors LEVELS OF PREVENTION There are four levels of prevention :? Primordial prevention Primary prevention Secondary prevention Teiary prevention Primordial Level of Prevention: Is primary prevention (see below) in purest sense It is the prevention of the emergence or development of risk factor...	Social & Preventive Medicine	null
11c4dd07-1c91-47b8-8b9f-f9182ac9e5b1	Anakinra is a -	IL - 1 antagonist	IL - 2 antagonist	IL - 6 antagonist	IL - 10 antagonist	0a	single	Ans. is 'a' i.e., IL-1 antagonisto Anakinra is an IL-1 antagonist.o It is used for some rare syndromes dependent on IL-1 production :Neonatal - onset inflammatory diseaseMuckle - Wells syndromeFamilial cold urticariaSystemic juvenile - onset inflammatory arthritisRA	Pharmacology	Immunomodulator
d45904aa-fb66-473e-9f80-037a0932d06e	The gold standard for the definitive diagnosis of the extrahepatic biliary atresia is	Per operative cholangiography	Hepatobiliary scintigraphy	Alkaline phosphatase level	Liver biopsy	3d	single	Biliary atresia Evaluation of biliary anatomy begins with ultrasound Other imaging modalities such as HIDA scintigraphy, MRCP and ERCP have been used with varying success Although these are useful adjuncts, liver biopsy is gold standard for the diagnosis of biliary atresia and can safely be done percutaneously under lo...	Anatomy	G.I.T
f1afc5be-dfe8-4034-8e52-69005f63e542	All of the following passes through lesser sciatic foramen, except ?	Pudendal nerve	Internal pudendal vessels	Nerve to obturator internus	Inferior gluteal vessels	3d	multi	The lesser sciatic foramen is formed by the lesser sciatic notch of the pelvic bone, the ischial, the sacrospinous ligament and the sacrotuberous ligament. It transmits the following structures: The tendon of the Obturator internus Internal pudendal vessels Pudendal nerve Nerve to the obturator internus	Anatomy	null
9f78aa57-fa01-4142-8b6b-0c29dd2d57ba	Increased osmotic fragility is characteristic of:September 2009	Hereditary spherocytosis	Sickle cell anemia	Thalassemia	Iron deficiency anemia	0a	single	Ans. A: Hereditary spherocytosisThe normal red blood cell is a relatively impermeable biconcave disc which maintains osmotic equilibrium with the surrounding medium. As the surrounding medium becomes hypotonic, fluid will be taken into the cell to maintain stability. Eventually under very hypotonic conditions the cell ...	Pathology	null
999fae05-0f74-4b1a-b0c2-4144fd410e04	A three year old child is brought to the emergency depament having just ingested a large overdose of an antihistaminic drug. This drug is a weak base capable of entering most tissues including the brain. On physical examination the hea rate is 100/ minute, blood pressure is 110/60 mm Hg and the respiratory rate is 20/ ...	Urinary excretion would be accelerated by administration of NH4Cl, an acidifying agent	Urinary excretion would be accelerated by administration of NaHCO 3, an alkalinizing agent	More of the drug would be ionized at blood pH than at stomach pH	Absorption of the drug would be faster from the stomach than from the small intestine.	0a	multi	This question can be solved by the knowledge that basic drugs are ionized in the acidic medium and vice-a-versa. This antihistaminic drug is a weak base and will be highly ionized in the acidic urine. As ionized drugs cannot be reabsorbed in the nephron, urinary acidifying agents like NH4Cl will accelerate the excretio...	Pharmacology	Histamine, 5-HT and PGs
138ae62a-1c8a-44f0-a3d1-631677c36758	A patient on t/t for psychiatric disorder takes overdose of a drug, develops bradycardia, hypotension, decreased sweating and salivation. The likely drug is	Amitryptilline	Lithium	Selegiline	Amphetamine	0a	single	A i.e. Amitryptilline	Psychiatry	null
d300a83c-e9e0-43ef-a36a-46436846acf9	Which of the following is an absolute indication for surgery in cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia -	Bilateral hydroureteronephrosis	Nocturnal frequency	Recurrent urinary tract infection	Voiding bladder pressures > 50 cm of water	2c	single	Absolute indications for surgical treatment of BPH 1) Refractory urine retention (failing at least one attempt at catheter removal 2) Recurrent UTI from BPH 3) Bladder stones d/t BPH 4) Renal insufficiency d/t BPH 5) Large bladder diveicula secondary to BPH 6) Recurrent gross hematuria from BPH Ref : Cambell's Urology ...	Anatomy	Urology
ec52d55a-71e0-420b-b01e-410856e4742a	Phenylketonuria caused by deficiency of	Tyrosine transaminase	Tyrosine hydroxylase	Phenylalanine hydroxylase	Phenylketonuria hydroxylase	2c	single	(C) Phenyalanine hydroxylase # Phenylketonuria is a genetic disorder inherited from a person's parents.> It is due to mutations in the PAH gene which results in low levels of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase.> This results in the build up of dietary phenylalanine to potentially toxic levels. It is autosomal recessi...	Biochemistry	Miscellaneous (Bio-Chemistry)
ebb284f7-11a1-4ebe-8bd5-bdfa937b699e	Telefono is:	Pulling of hair	Beating on soles	Beating on ears	Beating on fingers	2c	single	Simultaneous beating of both ears with the palms of the hands is known as TELEFONO. This may lead to rupture of the tympanic membrane causing pain, bleeding and hearing loss. It is difficult to detect this. The external ear may also get torn during pulling of the ears.	Surgery	null
d7563a70-1643-4e4c-88cf-e7dd93c66c08	All of the following are direct causes of maternal moality except:	APH	PPH	Hea disease	Eclampsia	2c	multi	Ans. is c i.e. Hea disease	Gynaecology & Obstetrics	null
56d44622-0c1f-44d3-b0c9-18b746e8fd67	who introduced ECT	manfred bleuler	moerin seligman	lucio bini	freud	2c	single	HISTORY * Medunna ====IM injection of camphor to induce seizures * Ugo cerletti and lucio bini==== ECT in a catatonic patient INDICATIONS * DEPRESSION SUICIDAL IDEAS-------------- first choice * CATATONIC SCHIZOPHRENIA * SCHIZOPHRENIA * MANIA * ELECTRODE PLACEMENT * Most commonly used=== bi fronto temporal * More cogni...	Anatomy	Treatment in psychiatry
001ebeb7-4f6d-4dfd-9506-6c37052effed	MELD score includes all except	S. bilirubin	S. creatinine	Prothrombin time	Serum albumin	3d	multi	Serum albumin is not a part of MELD SCORE. It is a part of child - pugh classification.	Medicine	null
e08a9e46-4ec3-4804-89f2-62076624b4a1	All of the following are carcinogenic except	H. pylori	Hepatitis B virus	E.B. virus	Campylobacter	3d	multi	null	Medicine	null
a2bd8ecf-4d4f-4b70-8555-0016e509cea9	All are hypercoagulable states, except ?	Protein C resistance	Protein S deficiency	Antiphospholipid antibody	None	3d	multi	Ans. is 'None' o All are hypercoagulable states.	Pathology	null
fc3752dc-4cd4-45ad-97c8-be70935dd190	Which of the following is the most common cause of meningoencephalitis in children:	Mumps	Arbovirus	HSV	Enterovirus	3d	single	Answer is D (Enterovirus): Enteroviruses are the most common cause of viral meningoencephalitis. Arboviruses, HSV and Mumps virus are all impoant agents associated with viral meningoencephalitis, but Enteroviruses are the most commonly associated agents and the answer of choice. 'Enteroviruses are the most common cause...	Medicine	null
a12d492c-4bbf-4b65-bd36-7edd33a2a31b	Use of this instrument during examination of the ear provides all except	Magnification	In suctioning of middle ear secretions	Assessing Tympanic Membrane Movement	Removal of Foreign body	3d	multi	null	ENT	null
c1ec1131-bc33-4f11-982a-195c67965f10	Pneumocystic carnii infects:	Human	Monkey	Rat	Cats	2c	single	Ans. c. Rat	Microbiology	null
160a9e24-b343-4294-9325-2d669c4991b6	All of the following are true about Roll back malaria except:(AIIMS November 2013, Nov 2012)	Insecticide treated mosquito nets	Strengthening health system	Development of newer insecticide	Training of health workers	2c	multi	Ans. c. Development of newer insecticide (Ref; Harrison 19/e p14,18/e p14 WHO Roll Back Malaria Document] HTM_ MAL 2005. 1101.pdf (Roll Back Malaria)Roll Back Malaria:Messages on malaria case management, intermittent preventive treatment during pregnancy and insecticide- treated netsQ (ITNs) were promoted using volunte...	Social & Preventive Medicine	Communicable Diseases
123a9645-cd27-40cc-a75d-3327f13b2094	All are associated with EBV except -	Infectious mononucleosis	Nasopharyngeal carcinoma	Oral hairy leukoplakia	Epidermodysplasi	3d	multi	EBV causes nadopharyngeal carcinoma,oral hairy luekoplakia&infectious mononucleosis REF:MICROBIOLOGY ANANTHA NARAYANAN NINTH EDITION PAGE.475	Microbiology	Virology
bffb48d4-541f-4f77-91ac-ecc7054fae36	Single most sensitive tool for evaluating the iron status is	Haemoglobin concentration	Serum ion concentration	Serum ferritin	Serum transferrin saturation	2c	single	Serum ferritin is the single most sensitive tool for evaluating the iron status.It reflects the size of Iron stores in the body. Values below 10 mcg/L indicate an absence of stored iron.Park 23e pg: 623	Social & Preventive Medicine	Nutrition and health
01fd7d4a-cb59-4712-ac88-cecf75b5357a	Chandu 32 years male presents with abdominal pain and vomitting. He also complain of some psychiatric symptoms & visual hallucination. Most likely diagnosis is	Hypothyroidism	Hypehyroidism	Hysteria	Intermittent Porphyria	3d	multi	D i.e. Intermittent porphyria	Skin	null
d15f2c4a-692f-4748-9828-37f062ef7ea7	In ARDS, all are seen except :	Dilated bronchioles	Edema	Fibrosis	Alveolar damage	0a	multi	Acute respiratory distress syndrome Aetiology and pathogenesis Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a diffuse neutrophilic alveolitis caused by a range of conditions and characterised by bilateral radiographic inﬁltrates and hypoxaemia. Activated neutrophils are sequestered into the lungs and capillary permeab...	Medicine	null
403b25ad-84aa-42f2-83d6-755b2b29cbe8	Population covered by a PHC in hilly region is –	20000	30000	40000	25000	0a	single	One PHC for every 30,000 rural population in the plains. One PHC for every 20,000 population in hilly, tribal and backward areas.	Social & Preventive Medicine	null
a60b17ba-44e5-4ecb-a214-6b635eba4456	Which of the following factor determines the destructive power of bullet after firing?	Weight of bullet	Shape of bullet	Size of bullet	Velocity of bullet	3d	single	A bullet's ability to injure is directly related to its kinetic energy at the moment of impact. Kinetic energy i.e. E = mv2 /2 The kinetic energy is directly propoional to weight (mass) of the bullet and the square of its velocity. Thus a bullet traveling at twice the speed of a second bullet of equal weight and simila...	Forensic Medicine	null
62823f3f-7982-41f7-9ed8-127c8c46ca54	Baroreceptor stimulation producesa) Decreased heart rate & BPb) Increased heart rate & BPc) Increased cardiac contractilityd) Decreased cardiac contractility	b	c	ac	ad	3d	single	Baroreceptors are present in carotid sinus and aortic arch. Increase in BP activates them which results in decrease in the sympathetic discharge. This leads to decrease in cardiac contraction, heart rate and BP.	Physiology	null
efa549f6-69f0-48e0-aef2-d0d83c877881	Which of the following anti–cancer drug is NOT 'S'–phase specific ?	Methotrexate	Mercaptopurine	Ifosfamide	Thioguanine	2c	single	null	Pharmacology	null
feb06a8e-a492-4e40-9f36-99d4ad9c184b	Dose of vitamin A prophytaxis given in age group 16 years -	2000 iu	20000 iu	200000 iu	100000 iu	2c	single	Ans. is 'c' i.e., 200000 iu	Social & Preventive Medicine	null
0c8a6c4a-472c-419d-8e18-33ffaa51f158	The principle that is the spinal cord dorsal roots are sensory and the ventral roots are motor is known as -	Laplace's law	Bell-Magendle's law	Frank-Starling's law	Weber-Fechner's law	1b	single	(B) (Bell Magendie law's) (157 - Ganang 23rd)* Bell Magandie law - In the spinal cord dorsal roots are sensory and ventral roots are motors (DS - VM)* Weber Fachner law - Magnitude of sensation felt in proportionate to the log of intensity of the stimulus*. Law of pro jection states than no matter where a particular ...	Physiology	Nervous System
5f75a419-705c-4711-8c8f-b5cdb3939ae4	Bullet that leaves a visible mark in its flight so that person can see the path is	Tandem bullet	Tracer bullet	Dum-dum bullet	Incendiary bullet	1b	single	Tracer bullet: It leaves a visible mark or 'trace' while in flight, so that the path of bullet can be seen . Dum - dum bullet: The nose of the bullet is not covered by jacket & exposed. It expands or mushrooms on striking the target, producing a large hole & more damage. Incendiary bullets: Incendiary bullets contain p...	Forensic Medicine	Ballistics
e376038e-51b1-4801-b7c0-e17b9b0b35cb	Of the following which does not categorise under Rape? Sexual intercourse with :	Wife below 15 years	Wife above 15 years	Women below 16 years	Women above 20 years	3d	multi	B i.e. Wife above 20	Forensic Medicine	null
be89e67d-ffdb-4c6a-95b3-76801c3ced29	Congenital rubella syndrome - true is A/E?	Microcephaly	VSD	Conduction defect	All	2c	multi	Ans. is 'c' i.e., Conduction defect	Pediatrics	null
a630369e-b468-4a49-9ae8-ae098e782d41	Anaesthetic agent with vasoconstrictor is contraindicated in ?	Digital block	Spinal block	Epidural block	Regional anaesthesia	0a	single	null	Pharmacology	null
4e5094da-d5bd-4233-b972-73d37ca5b373	Mesencephalo-oculo-facial-angiomatosis is seen in:	KTW Syndrome	NF-1 & 2	Sturge-Weber syndrome	Wyburn-Mason syndrome	3d	single	D i.e. Wyburn-Mason syndrome - Wyburn-Mason syndrome (or Bonnet-Dechaume Blanc syndrome mesencephalo-oculo-facial or mesencephalo-optico retinal angiomatosis syndrome) is characterized by neuro (mesencephalo) - optico / oculo / retinal - facial angiomatosis (vascular-malformations). - Wyburn-Mason syndrome presents wit...	Radiology	null
0d6da8ac-e8bb-455d-87ef-bfe6551d408d	The following drug has anxiolytic action with least sedation	Buspirone	Triazolam	Alprazolam	Chlordiazepoxide	0a	single	Features of Buspirone Non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic agentDoes not produce significant sedation or cognitive/functional impairmentDoes not interact with BZD receptor or modify GABAergic transmissionDoes not produce tolerance or physical dependence Does not suppress BZD or barbiturate withdrawal syndrome Has no muscle re...	Pathology	All India exam
da0a872c-8665-415f-86c3-57866c26ebae	Age of gestation when ovaries and testis are first distinguishable :	4 weeks	8 weeks	12 weeks	16 weeks	1b	single	8 weeks	Gynaecology & Obstetrics	null
36503675-efa0-46dc-976b-d41c2c6493d4	The testis descends the inguinal canal during...month.	5th	6th	7th	8th	2c	single	C i.e. 7th	Anatomy	null
53a8828b-8190-441f-8114-4204bfc98680	Index measuring deprivation in basic dimensions of human development	Human povey index	Human development index	Physical quality of life index	Development deprivation index	0a	single	The Human Povey Index (HPI) was considered to better reflect the extent of deprivation to the HDI. In 2010 it was supplanted by the UN&;s Multidimensional Povey Index.	Social & Preventive Medicine	Concept of health and disease
ad30ea48-320f-4d5f-913c-a981cd6b3218	Cells occurring in greatest number in pulp are	Cementoblasts	Fibroblasts	Osteoblasts	Ameloblasts	1b	single	null	Dental	null
0e8df3b1-79ed-466c-a60f-8a04a8d13276	Keratocyst has all of the following features except:	It is more common in mandible	May be filled with thin straw coloured fluid	Low recurrence rate	Expansion of bone clinically seen	2c	multi	null	Pathology	null
039cc18f-f538-49d4-bd6a-a8e7028cf7a7	A child with vesicoureteric reflex of grade 2 comes to OPD. What is the preferred treatment method	Antibiotics	Observation	Sting operation	Ureteric reimplantation	0a	single	Prophalyctatic antibiotics is given to all vesicoureteric reflex pts.	Surgery	null
433065e4-222d-4579-bbeb-fc4bd63b011b	A 60 yr old person presents with a mass located at central bronchus causing distal bronchiectasis and recurrent pneumonia. Which of the following findings is expected from biopsy of the mass?	Abundant osteoid matrix formation	Contains all three germ layers	Spindle cells with abundant stromal matrix	Small round cells and hyperchromatic nuclei with nuclear moulding	3d	multi	Ans. (d) Small round cells and hyperchromatic nuclei with nuclear moulding(Ref: Robbins 9th/pg 715-717)This typical presentation of 60 yr/M presenting with a mass located at central bronchus causing distal bronchiectasis and recurrent pneumonia is suggestive of small cell Carcinoma.In Small cell Ca lung, location in lu...	Pathology	Respiration
1abd9ca7-7e2d-4c0e-9232-2324a9d45711	patient has decreased weight, need for thinness, the diagnosis is	refeeding syndrome	anorexia nervosa	metabolic syndrome	bulimia nervosa	1b	single	Anorexia nervosa Anorexia nervosa is a eating disorder where the patient has decreased weight and altered body image and persistent desire to maintain thinness * Gender==== more common in females * Age=======adolescence * Comorbidity=== depression and social phobia * Duration====3 months * Criteria= * Intense fear of b...	Anatomy	Sleep disorders and eating disorders
5534724a-f7b5-45d8-9482-d70b0494bee8	All cause viral hepatitis except -	Measles	EBV	Rhinovirus	Reovirus	2c	multi	Ans. is 'c' i.e., Rhinovirus Impoant viruses causing hepatitis:? 1) Hepatotropic viruses : HAV, HBV, HCV, HD V, HEV. 2) Herpes viruses : CMV, EBV, HSV-1, VZV. 3) Flaviviruses : Yellow fever, dengue fever. 4) Filoviruses : Marburg virus, Ebola virus. 5) Occasinal causes Measles virus, adenovirus, Echoviruses, Coxsackiev...	Microbiology	null
eb262283-bb00-410c-83a7-f84b3e5b63fc	Krukenberg tumor is associated mostly with which cancer?	Stomach	Breast	Liver	Pancreas	0a	single	Krukenberg tumor is a distinctive bilateral tumor metastatic to the ovaries by the transcoelomic spread. The tumor is generally secondary to a gastric carcinoma but other primary sites where mucinous carcinomas occur (e.g. colon, appendix, and breast) may also produce Krukenberg tumor in the ovary. Rarely, a tumor havi...	Pathology	miscellaneous
4751c263-2c20-4643-99d2-fca4aa0228e0	All of the following are true about Nizatidine except	It is a H2 blocker used in peptic ulcer disease	It has 100% Bioavailability	It also enhances gastric emptying	It can also lead to tachycardia	3d	multi	Nizatidine is a H2 blocker with anticholinesterase activity, thus enhances gastric emptying and can also cause bradycardia.	Pharmacology	null
4795500f-50f9-415f-bf6d-70a71662f3ce	The Halstead Retain battery involves all except :	Finger oscillation	Constructional praxis	Rhythm	Actual performance	1b	multi	In Halstead - Reitan battery test, the battery is composed of ten tests : Category test. Tactual performance test. Rhythm test. Finger - oscillation test. Speech-sound perception test. Trail - making test. Critical flicker frequency. Time sense test. Aphasia screening test. Sensory - perceptual test.	Psychiatry	null
ec6e9f6e-c32b-4dca-98a9-b4cbb2ad8444	After mandibulectomy, muscle preventing falling back of tongue -	Genioglossus	Hyoglossus	Palatopharyngeus	All of the above	1b	multi	null	ENT	null
38cbe847-e841-4587-a655-9b183830f26c	Which of the following is NOT TRUE about post - traumatic stress disorder?	The onset of illness may occur many months after the traumatic event	Individual debriefing and early counselling are most effective method of treatment	Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing is effective	There is high risk of alcohol abuse in patients suffering from this disorder	1b	multi	Treatment of choice for PTSD is psychotherapy in the form of cognitive behavior therapy often in combination with pharmacotherapy. There is no evidence that single - session individual psychological briefing is a useful treatment for PTSD. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is an effective treatment f...	Psychiatry	null
6c292dc0-d36d-4441-b64d-03f8bd4237eb	Which of the following malignancy shows least lymph node involvement:	Supraglottic	Subglottic	Glottic cancer	Ca nasopharynx	2c	single	Ans: c (Glottic cancer) Ref: Dhingra, 3rd ed, p. 372; 4th ed, p. 286No lymphatics in vocal cords so nodal metastasis are practically never seen in cord lesions unless the disease spreads beyond the membraneous cord. SupraglottisGlottisSubglottisSiteEpiglottisAryepiglottic foldArytenoidVentricular bandsVentricles & sacc...	ENT	Tomour of Larynx
71dae00e-552e-4285-949c-da8b352ba804	Complex polysaccharides are converted to glucose and absorbed by the help of:	Na+k+ATPase	Sucrase	Enterokinase	Carboxypeptidase	1b	single	Ans: b (Sucrase) Ref: Vasudevan, 4th ed, p.Sucrase or invert sugar converts sucrose (which is a complex polysaccharide) into 1 molecule of glucose and 1 molecule of fructose.Na+k+ ATPase is a membrane protein.Enterokinase is a brush border enzyme in intestinal mucosa which will activate trypsinogen to trypsin.Proteolyt...	Biochemistry	Carbohydrates
c89f3315-db72-42aa-8bfb-835c9fe59d3c	The most prominent toxic effect associated with acetaminophen use is	Respiratory alkalosis	Haemorrhage	Hepatic necrosis	Gastric Ulceration	2c	single	null	Pharmacology	null
94a3ee08-9f21-42c0-81ce-6168af594e82	A 47-year-old woman is admitted to the hospital with signs of cavernous sinus thrombosis. Radiographic examination reveals a pituitary tumor involving the cavernous sinus, confirming the initial diagnosis. During physical examination it is suspected that the right abducens nerve of the patient has been damaged by the t...	Inward	Outward	Downward	Down and out	1b	single	(b) Source: GAS 849-852, 855; GA 450, 465, 536The right abducens nerve innervates the right lateral rectus, which mediates outward movement (abduction) of the right eye. Inward movement is accomplished by the medial rectus, supplied by the oculomotor nerve. Downward movement in the midline is accomplished by joint acti...	Anatomy	Head & Neck
9761b4e0-5a31-447d-8c63-3e524a1bc862	False about osteoahritis is ?	Involves synol joints	Progressive softening of the aicular cailage	It is an inflammatory ahritis	Marginal osteophytes are produced	2c	multi	Ans. is 'c' i.e., It is an inflammatory ahritis Osteoahritis (OA) is a chronic disorder of synol joints in which there is progressive softening and disintegration of aicular cailage accompanied by new growth of cailage and bone at the joint margins (osteophytes), cyst formation and sclerosis in the subchondral bone, mi...	Surgery	null
189ac40f-d3d2-4755-a82d-e7f870011105	Orange-skin cornea results due to:	Chalcosis	Siderosis	Ammonia burn	Mustard gas	3d	single	Ans. Mustard gas	Ophthalmology	null
994df741-8822-49b0-8ccc-c12e023d5fc2	Fracture of the hyoid bone results from all except :	Throttling	Hanging	Choking	Ligature strangulation	2c	multi	C i.e. Choking - Burking is a method of homicidal smothering and traumatic asphyxiaQ. In smothering lips, gums, tongue, inner side of mouth & nose may show bruising or lacerationQ. Asphyxial signs (eg congestion, cynosis & patechiae) are severe except when the head & face is enclosed in plastic bag. In smothering, chok...	Forensic Medicine	null
a85d45e7-06f2-478f-a861-e3693b6e7ab7	Accordian sign is seen in	Pseudomembranous colitis	Intussusception	Ileocecal TB	Ischemic colitis	0a	single	The 'Accordion sign' (also known as 'conceina sign') is seen on CT examinations of the abdomen Refers to the similarity between the thickened oedematous wall of Pseudomembranous colitis and the folds of an accordion. This appearance is the result of hyperaemic enhancing mucosa stretched over markedly thickened submucos...	Radiology	Gastrointestinal Radiology
a7bfb539-b5aa-44b9-9b87-76f1b576ad95	Melting temperature of DNA is directly proportional to	GC Pairing	AT Pairing	Length of DNA	None of the above	0a	multi	GC pairs have 3 hydrogen bonds and therefore melt at higher temperature compared to AT pairs which have 2 hydrogen bonds.	Biochemistry	null
399d5486-c9a4-47fa-893c-ecd209131b43	Which is the latest antiviral drug for bronchitis due to RSV-	Ribavarin	Acyclovir	Amantadine	Idoxuridine	0a	single	null	Medicine	null
5a1688a3-71c6-490f-8621-64aa6d49ab7e	Phase 2 of Damage control surgery occurs at	Pre hospital management	Resuscitation in ICU	Resuscitation in operating room	Definitive repair	1b	single	Deadly triad of trauma Following a trauma protracted surgery in physiologically unstable patient, the three factors that carry moality are Hypothermia Acidosis Coagulopathy Hence originated a phenomenon - DAMAGE CONTROL SURGERY Phases of damage control surgery Phase1 :Initial exploration Phase 2: Secondary Resucitation...	Anatomy	General anatomy
6949bf17-a963-43f3-9a45-372daf211458	Romana's sign is seen in -	Toxoplasma	Trypanosoma cruzi	Loaloa	Wuchereria	1b	single	Ans. is 'b' i.e., Trypanosoma cruzi Romana's signo The classic finding in acute Chagas disease, which consists of unilateral painless edema of the palpebrae and periocular tissues - can result when the conjunctiva is the portal of entry.o These initial local signs may be follwed by malaise, fever, anorexia, and edema o...	Medicine	Parasitology
d5d5ce9d-4269-421c-98ef-075b104cfb81	30 Yr old man which is most likely organism causing infection of epididymis -	E.coli	Gonococci	Chlamydia	Ureaplasma ureolyticum	2c	single	null	Medicine	null
2f39ca11-d54f-459e-aee2-7ad761bdc720	An elderly diabetic with excruciating pain in ear, appearance of granulation in meatus, skull base infection with facial paralysis should be treated with	Penicillin	Ciprofloxacin	2nd generation ciphalosporin	Erythromycin	0a	single	All clinical features are suggestive of malignant otitis externa, an inflammatory condition of the external ear. Malignant otitis externa (also k/a Necrotizing external otitis) Malignant otitis externa is an inflammatory condition of the external ear usually spreading deep to cause osteomyelitis of temporal bone and ba...	ENT	null
4d79b9ad-7f79-411a-8ea8-917c369d3307	Meniere's disease is characterized by all except -	Conductive deafness	Sensorineural deafness	Vertigo	Tinnitus	0a	multi	null	ENT	null
99556d84-5417-4ac7-8975-f746b36805a5	Digoxin toxicity may result from the concurrent administration of digoxin with all of the following drugs EXCEPT	Quinidine	Hydrochlorothiazide	Triamterene	Furosemide	2c	multi	Triamterene is a potassium-sparing diuretic that may protect against diuretic-induced digoxin toxicity. Digoxin toxicity may be caused by drugs that increase serum digoxin levels or increase the binding of digoxin to its receptor, the sodium-potassium adenosine tn phosphatase (ATPase). Quinidine decreases digoxin volum...	Unknown	null
d0efa4a0-aeef-4af5-acef-c41cfb68529e	Which of the following drugs is contraindicated along with spironolactone	Chlorothiazide	Beta blockers	ACE inhibitors	Amlodipine	2c	single	CONTRAINDICATIONS / PRECAUTIONS Adrenal insufficiency, anuria, diabetes mellitus, hyperkalemia, renal disease, renal failure, renal impairment. ... Acid/base imbalance, metabolic acidosis, metabolic alkalosis, respiratory acidosis. ... Ascites, biliary cirrhosis, hepatic disease. ... Menstrual irregularity.	Pharmacology	Kidney
4992644f-8c52-437d-8c4e-4936560776ac	A 3-year-old male has come for a routine dental check up. Intra-oral examination reveals good oral hygiene and open proximal contacts. During previous dental appointments, he was cooperative. Which radiographic assessment should be done for this patient?	No radiographic assessment.	Bitewing Radiographs	Intraoral periapical radiograph	Occlusal radiographs	0a	single	The American Dental Association (ADA), the American Academy for Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD), the European Academy for Pediatric Dentistry (EAPD), and other organizations have published criteria that are meant to guide the dental professional in decision-making regarding appropriate radiographic imaging (Table 2-5). Thes...	Dental	null
731a8ecd-16ed-402f-8578-141b340b999b	First to recover from post-operative ileus:	Small intestine	Stomach	Colon	None	0a	multi	POST-OPERATIVE ILEUS - Following most abdominal operations or injuries, the motility of GI tract is transiently impaired. - Proposed mechanisms responsible for this dysmotility are surgical stress-induced sympathetic reflexes, inflammatory response mediator release, and anesthetic / analgesic effects; each of which can...	Surgery	Intestinal obstruction
08df94e4-52f1-4767-9a91-61804a3d5211	Watershed zone of large intestine ?	Cecum	Ascending colon	Rectosigmoid	Transverse colon	2c	single	There are areas of colon with poor blood supply resulting from incomplete anastomosis of marginal aeries. These are watershed areas of colon and include :Splenic flexure (Griffith point) : Watershed area between superior mesenteric aery and inferior mesenteric aery.Rectosigmoid junction (Sudeck's point) : Watershed zon...	Anatomy	null
9acb545d-1542-40e7-9f10-994e185d6d14	Which one of the following is a relatively selective α2 adrenergic blocker with short duration of action ?	Prazosin	Yohimbine	Terazosin	Doxazosin	1b	single	null	Pharmacology	null
14e26f14-0537-4bc3-b0f8-453efa471ef8	Oxidative deamination is catalyzed by ?	Glutaminase	Glutamine synthase	Glutamate dehydrogenase	None of the above	2c	multi	Ans. is 'c' i.e., Glutamate dehydrogenase	Biochemistry	null
75541196-9764-4d4c-afa5-c3276ee877e1	Which of the following is indicated by the term 'mittelschmerz'?	Fern pattern of cervical mucus	Peritoneal irritation from corpus hemorrhagicum	Rise of body temperature due to effect of progesterone	LH surge before ovulation	1b	single	The follicle that ruptures at the time of ovulation promptly fills with blood, forming what is sometimes called a corpus hemorrhagicum. Minor bleeding from the follicle into the abdominal cavity may cause peritoneal irritation and fleeting lower abdominal pain ("mittelschmerz"). The granulosa and theca cells of the fol...	Gynaecology & Obstetrics	null
c58edc55-a598-4caf-85a8-58adf462458b	Best prognostic indicator for head injured patients: AIIMS 10	GCS	CT findings	Age of the patient	History	0a	single	Ans. GCS	Forensic Medicine	null
32a5bb96-4239-45a9-a95e-e8baf8a88888	All the following are cyanotic hea disease except	TOF	PDA	Tricuspid atresia	Eisenmenger's complex	1b	multi	Ref Harrison 19 th ed pg 1523 Patent ductus aeriosus is not classified as a cyanotic congenital heayh disease. PDA is an acyanotic hea disease with left to right shunt.	Anatomy	General anatomy
68f2ba99-cf08-4694-83af-d803b257d5f0	Aicular cailage is made up of-	Type I collagen	Type II collagen	Type III collagen	Type IV collagen	1b	single	Ans. is `b' i.e., Type H Collegen type Tissue distributionUbiquitous in hard & soft tissuesII & IX Cailage, interveebral disc, vitreousIn Hollow organs & soft tissuesIV Basement membraneV Blood vesselsVI Ubiquitous in microfibrilsVII Dermoepidemal junctionIX Cailage & VitrousNote : Amongst these type I, II, III, V & IX...	Pathology	null
8d7ab965-4d7f-4dc9-a4b4-44bbc7334175	Mechanism of action of the sulfonylureas is	K+ ATP channel blocker	Na ATP channel blocker	Cl ATP channel blocker	Ca ATP channel blocker.	0a	single	Ans. is 'a' i.e., K ATP channel blocker * Sulfonylurease provoke a brisk release of insulin from pancreas. They act on the so called "Sulfonylurea receptors" (SUR1) on pancreatic b-cell membrane - cause depolarization by reducing conductance of ATP sensitive K+ channels. This enhances influx of Ca+2 - degranulation. Th...	Pharmacology	Endocrinology
2b862666-986e-481c-b468-fd7f5e1b891c	Lower lobe fibrosis is seen in :	Silicosis	Sarcoidosis	Cystic Fibrosis	Asbestosis	3d	single	Answer is D (Asbestosis): Lower lobe fibrosis is seen in Asbestosis. Silicosis, Sarcoidosis and Cystic Fibrosis are all associated with Upper Lobe Fibrosis Upper Lobe Fibrosis Fibrotic Disease Old Granulomatous Infection (Tuberculosis; Histoplasmosis; Coccidioidomycosis) Sarcoidosis Silicosis, Berylliosis Coal Worker's...	Medicine	null
31ae8a7a-6ec6-4519-b954-0e6673614e9e	Which ocular muscle does NOT arises from apex of orbit	Superior rectus	Inferior rectus	Superior oblique	Inferior oblique	3d	single	D. i.e. Inferior oblique	Anatomy	null
1d470f6d-670d-4819-b765-07398e613da3	The cuspal inclines of the maxillary buccal cusps and the mandibular lingual cusps should be grounded if they are in deflective occlusal contact in:	Working position only	Balancing position only	Both working and balancing positions	Central position	0a	multi	null	Dental	null

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