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80a60536-1dc8-4b86-b676-a6b9fcdbfb0b | A q from a tribal area of jharkhand repos with fever for last 3days Peripheral blood is collected and stained with Giemsa A diagnosisof malaria is made The smear is shown in the fig What is the likely cause | P falciparum | P Vivax | P Malariae | P Ovale | 0a | single | REF : ANANTHANARYANA MICROBIOLOGY | Microbiology | general microbiology |
fe640382-4f06-4181-9eb7-4675af6efd19 | Tom-smith arthritis results from | Rheumatoid arthritis | Osteo arthritis | Septic arthritis | Garre's osteomyelitis | 2c | single | (Septic arthritis) (39- Apley'8th)* Septic Arthritis in Infancy (TOM-SMITH-ARTHRITS)* The head of the femur is cartilaginous and is rapidly and completely destroyed by pyogenic process* Affected leg is shorter and hip movements are increased in all directions* Telescopy test is positive* X-ray complete absence of the h... | Orthopaedics | Arthritis |
bfd184e0-f5ea-49bc-94c1-ade8da7c1b6d | Most common cause of fracture of roof of orbit | Blow on back of head | Blow on parietal bone | Blow on the forehead | Blow on the upper jaw | 2c | single | "Orbital roof fracture should be suspected in any child presenting with blunt injury to the brow or forehead with subsequent development of a hematoma of the upper lid in the hours following injury ". — Pediatric ophthalmology | Ophthalmology | null |
4b595401-a433-4052-ac0d-6b6a369ac32a | Teeth that erupt within 30 days of birth are called: | Neonatal | Natal | Primary | Prenatal | 0a | multi | null | Pathology | null |
b42c7989-889a-49a5-aca8-82acad9c37f5 | Which is not a neuronal tumour | Ependymoma | Neuroblastoma | Gangliocytoma | Ganglioglioma | 0a | single | The four major classes of brain tumors are: 1. Gliomas Astrocytoma * Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma * Brainstem glioma * Pilocytic astrocytoma * Fibrillary (diffuse) astrocytomas * Glioblastoma * Oligodendroglioma * Ependymoma 2. Neuronal tumors * Ganglion cell tumors * Gangliocytoma * Ganglioglioma * Dysembryoplastic n... | Pathology | Nervous system |
a2b0a0e4-529f-4b32-a721-19d12d13ed2d | Most common immediate complication of splenctomy: | Hemorrhage | Fistula | Bleeing from gastric mucosa | Pancreatitis | 0a | single | When splenectomy is performed, we are prone to injure the tail of pancreas, there is a high chance of Acute pancreatitis to occur or a duct maybecut leading to fistula. Sometimes, the blood may be collected below the diaphragm which may lead to sub-diaphragmatic abscess. Since, the spleen is in relation to the left dom... | Surgery | FMGE 2018 |
062899e0-f386-4cb3-a8fb-08ce73cd5864 | All of the following are excitatory neurotransmitters except | Gamma-aminobutyric acid | Acetylcholine | Dopamine | Serotomin | 0a | multi | GABA is the major inhibitory mediator in the brain, including being responsible for presynaptic inhibition. GABA, which exists as b-aminobutyrate in the body fluidsReference: Ganong review of medical physiology 23rd edition Page no; 141 | Physiology | Nervous system |
2cb03957-382f-4a5a-802f-be231f1c51d1 | A case of young patient presents to you with knee pain, irritability and gum bleeding. Upon x-ray of leg, cortex is significantly thin with a white line at the metaphysis. What could be possible cause: | Fluorosis | Rickets | Scurvy | Caffey's disease | 2c | single | Ans. (c) ScurvyRef: Maheshwari 5th ed. 1315Scurvy causes failure of collagen synthesis and osteoid formation. It clinically presents with:* Irritability* Gum bleeding* Pseudoparalysis (due to subperiosteal haemorrhage)* Anemia and beading of costo-chondral junction. Radiological features are: Frenkels line (dense line ... | Orthopaedics | Scurvy |
ef45fef4-f784-427e-9a80-2bba548a180a | Seen in trachoma are/is: | Papillary hyperophy | Follicles | Panus formation | All | 3d | multi | A i.e. Papillary hyperophy; B i.e. Follicles; C i.e. Panus formation | Ophthalmology | null |
20442569-e3fd-409b-93f9-d92923cd6b15 | First line treatment of T315I mutation in CML management is? | Bosutinib | Tofacitinib | Ponatinib | Nilotinib | 2c | single | T315I mutation is a mutation in the critical BCR-ABL kinase in the ATP-binding pocket This prevents imatinib binding and hence leads to resistance to imatinib, nilotinib, bosutinib, and dasatinib. Only drug effective for T315I mutation CML = Ponatinib. Otherwise DOC CML= Imatinib. DOC for Imatinib resistant CML = Bosut... | Medicine | CLL & CML |
4337f72f-515e-4118-a504-bae730a1ff58 | Horner trantas spot is seen in? | Trachoma | Phlytenular Kerato conjunctivitis | Vernal Kerato conjunctivitis | Giant Papillary conjunctivitis | 2c | single | Vernal REF: Khurana 4th ed p-451, Yanoff & Ducker-ophthalmology 2nd edition page 407 A characteristic manifestation of limbal vernal conjunctivitis is the presence of Horner-Trantas dots, which are white, chalk-like dots composed of eosinophils and epithelial debris. | Ophthalmology | null |
b136d913-241c-4bcf-842a-d0ab1260673a | The blood-brain barrier is formed by | Oligodendrocytes | Astrocytes | Microglial cells | Schwann cells | 1b | single | There are three types of microglia: oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells, and astrocytes. Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells are involved in myelin formation around axons in the CNS and peripheral nervous system, respectively. Astrocytes, which are found throughout the brain, are fuher subdivided into two groups. Fibrous as... | Biochemistry | Enzymes |
3f93b40e-b7ee-4cb9-8bea-e6411d6bef0f | Following are the laboratory tests for the diagnosis of vestibular dysfunction except | Electronystagmography | Optokinetic test | Galvanic test | Gelle's test | 3d | multi | Gelle&;s test compares the intensity of bone-conducted tuning fork sound without and with raising pressure on the tympanic membrane with Siegel&;s speculum. It&;s a test of bone conduction and examines the effect of increased air pressure in ear canal on the hearing. (Ref: Diseases of EAR, NOSE and THROAT by PL DHINGRA... | ENT | Ear |
f4388694-90f7-4b0f-8ac4-01ce87faa651 | Gastric acid secretion is stimulated by all except- | Gastricdistension | Gastrin | Smell of food | Somatostatin | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Somatostatin o There are following phases of gastric acid secretion : -The cephalic phase Just as salivary secretion may start before food enters the mouth, gastric secretion is also intitiated before food enters the stomach . Sight, smell or even thought of food stimulate gastric acid secretion. It i... | Physiology | Secretory Functions of the Alimentary Tract |
9b0bec46-792b-4995-befa-e3c458c0af86 | Suture present between parietal & occipital bones is | Lambdoid suture | Saggital suture | Coronal suture | Metopian suture | 0a | single | The lambdoid suture lies between the occipital bone and the two parietal bones. Sutural bones are common along this suture. Lambdoid sutures are usually visible clearly. The lambdoid suture traverses the posteriormost pa of the skull. Ref: BD Chaurasia's HUMAN ANATOMY, Volume 3, 4th edition. | Anatomy | Head and neck |
996181fa-6045-450c-a080-bdfb109535a8 | Cell volume & shape is maintained by | Goldman effect | Gibbs - Donnan effect | Singer's effect | None | 1b | multi | Gibbs-Donnan effect---there are more osmotically active paicles in the cells than the interstitial fluid. This would make them swell and eventually rupture, but prevented by operation of Na+-K+ pump which produces net movement of positive charge out of the cell and keeps the inside a.d outside of the cell in osmotic eq... | Physiology | General physiology |
e3c8ba80-237f-4457-8d59-b720501d070c | The most common site of enlargement of the lymph nodes in Hodgkin's lymphoma is | Cervical | Axillary | Mediastinal | Abdominal | 2c | single | In about 50% of patients who have both Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, the mediastinum may be the primary site." Ref : Schwaz 9/e p575 | Surgery | Vascular surgery |
e8e3e6be-e6f7-4c38-812f-14bf3d9c3bee | Kaposi sarcoma occurs with infection due to - | HHV8 | HHV4 | HHV2 | HHV1 | 0a | single | null | Pathology | null |
f401cdfe-1c00-429d-8672-c0fb52575f79 | The posterior focal point of the reduced eye situated on the retina is how many millimetre behind the anterior surface of cornea: | 22.9 mm | 24.4 mm | 23 mm | 21 mm | 1b | single | Ans. 24.4 mm | Ophthalmology | null |
87475161-a5e0-4f0e-87c0-af0c849e4448 | Microangiopathic hemolytic anaemia (MAHA) is a component of all of the following, except: | Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) | Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) | Hemolysis with elevated liver enzymes and low platelet (HELLP) syndrome | Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria | 3d | multi | - Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH): Results from acquired mutations in PIGA gene leading to deficiency of GPI-linked proteins in membrane of blood cells. Red cells deficient in GPI-linked factors are abnormally susceptible to lysis or injury by complement. This manifests as intravascular hemolysis, which is ca... | Pathology | Hemolytic Anemias: Basic concepts and classification |
7378bcf0-50dd-4e42-8479-88f63b48c3b9 | Testicular tumour most sensitive to radiation is? | Teratoma | Lymphoma | Mixed germ cell tumor | Seminoma | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Seminoma | Surgery | null |
5dd30015-5b7e-489d-9241-d31ab008c2ab | All of the following statements about Pseudohypoparathyroidism are true, except - | ↓Serum PTH | ↓ Serum calcium | ↑ Serum phosphate | Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy | 0a | multi | null | Medicine | null |
acf5ccc7-76b0-4d41-bfe1-94836d9951cb | Lysogenic conversion is - | New propeies in a bacterium due to integration of phage genome | Transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another by a bacteriophage | Transfer of free DNA | Transfer of genome during physical contact | 0a | single | New propeies in the bacterium is due to integration of phage genome REF:MICROBIOLOGY ANANTHA NARAYANAN NINTH EDITION PAGE.60 | Microbiology | Virology |
48e2f07f-f43a-40d3-aad4-4a13f9cf9240 | All of the following are methods of health promotion except- | Immunization | Nutritional changes | Behavioral changes | Health education | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Immunization o All the given options are examples of primary prevention. o Primary prevention has two main components :- i) Health promotion ii) Specific protection Mode of intervention of Primary prevention Health promotion Specific protection Health education 1. Immunization Environmental modificati... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
a944d313-ee83-4e21-a2a5-2a5bb3f3e060 | Treatment of choice in prenatal congenital adrenal hyperplasia - | Hydrocortisone | Dexamethasone | Betamethasone | Prednisolone | 1b | single | Ans-B i.e., DexamethasonePrenatal treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia consists of maternal administration of dexamethasone which is not degraded by the placenta and crosses into the fetal circulation.The rationale for prenatal therapy is that suppression of pituitary ACTH secretion by exogenous glucocorticoid w... | Unknown | null |
a7cb3e8d-8707-4305-88e8-da5e751704e2 | In patients with anterior uveitis, decrease in vision due to posterior segment involvement can occur because of – | Visual floaters | Inflammatory disc edema | Exudative retinal detachment | CME | 3d | single | "Cystoid macular edema is a common cause of visual loss in patients with uveitis and may be observed in the setting of severe anterior or intermediate uveitis. Long-standing or recurrent macular edema can cause permanent loss of vision due to cystoid degeneration".
- Lange Ophthalmology | Ophthalmology | null |
71ad3813-7d19-4042-9fd5-bd00b4c2cdba | Which of the following amino acid is excreted in urine in maple syrup urine disease | Tryptophan | Phenylalanine | Leucine | Arginine | 2c | single | In maple syrup urine disease there is the excretion of branched chain amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine) and their keto acids (α -keto β-methyl valerate, α-ketoisocaproate, α-ketoisovalerate) in the urine. | Biochemistry | null |
7b37795d-241f-4fc9-9661-21e6b8eda33f | Single gene defect causing multiple unrelated problems – | Pleiotropism | Pseudodominance | Penetrance | Anticipation | 0a | single | Pleiotropy occurs when a mutation in a single gene produces effects on more than one characteristic, that causes multiple mutant phenotypes.
In humans, this phenomenon is most obvious when mutations in single genes cause diseases with seemingly unrelated symptoms.
Some examples of this phenomenon are:
Transcription f... | Pediatrics | null |
21930d6a-b1ed-4bc2-bf92-cb6ecd7ecac4 | What does cardiac polyp means - | Acute infarct | Cardiac aneurysm | Benign tumour | Fibrinous clot | 3d | single | . Fibrinous clot | Pathology | null |
19a6f511-0cef-400b-8e09-fea92c81cca1 | Leading questions are permitted only in - | Examination in chief | Cross Examination | Dying declaration | Re-examination | 1b | single | In cross-examination, the witness is questioned by the lawyer for the opposite pay. Leading questions are permissible during cross-examination. In examination-in-chief leading, questions are not allowed except in those cases, where the judge is satisfied that a witness is hostile. examination in chief and re-examinatio... | Forensic Medicine | Medico legal procedures |
5b797d83-adbb-4674-b153-852ba4a67738 | Relative risk of 5 means - | 50% of disease among exposed is due to exposuse to risk factor | 50% of disease is due to risk factors | Incidence of disease is 5 times higher in exposed group | Incidence of disease is 50% more in exposed group | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Incidence of disease is 5 times higher in exposed group * Relative risk is a direct measure of the strength of association between suspected cause and effect. For example a relative risk of 2 means that the incidence rate is 2 times higher in the exposed group as compared with unexposed - i.e., a 100%... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Epidemiology |
64cdae09-be6d-42d6-990a-d170d4225895 | Low glycemic index is classified as value less than: | 25 | 45 | 55 | 65 | 2c | single | Concept of glycemic index has utility in management of diabetes and obesity. Classification GI range Example Low GI 55 or less Most fruits and vegetables except potatoes and water melon, pasta beans, lentils Medium GI 56-69 Sucrose, brown rice, basmati rice High GI 70 or more Corn flakes, white bread, candy bar Ref: Pa... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
b14ad421-50b6-48d5-a31c-2615c7870417 | Periodontal surgery is most difficult to carry out in 2nd molar distally due to: | Lack of sufficient attached gingiva. | Presence of bulbous fibrous tissue over tuberosity and retromolar pad. | Both | None | 2c | multi | null | Dental | null |
2f85150c-3de8-4bd4-a62e-58d88d4475bc | Iron deficiency is best demonstrated by: | RDW | S. ferritin | BM examination | d....... | 1b | single | Ans b (Se Ferritin)Ref: Davidson, 21 edpg. 1018Ferritin (n = 50 - 200 microg//)A measure of iron stores in the tissue and is the single best test to confirm iron deficiency Less than normal value of Se. ferritin is seen in:1. Iron deficiency2. Hypothyroidism3. Vitamin c deficiency Raised Se.ferritin value is seen in:1.... | Medicine | Blood |
a0285952-d67a-4263-87ae-b084b122f009 | Taurodontism is seen in which race | Mongoloids | Caucasian | Negros | None of the above | 0a | multi | TAURODONTISM - Bull tooth; in mongoloids Pulp cavity of molars is wide and deep Roots are fused and bent | Forensic Medicine | Human identification |
60ab72e7-01f5-4f63-abf2-0724dac85445 | An investigator finds out that 5 independent factors influence the occurrence of a disease. Comparison of multiple factors that are responsible for the disease can be assessed by: | ANOVA | Multiple linear regression | Chi-square test | Multiple logistic regression | 3d | single | ANOVA: Analysis of variance is a parametric test used for polyotomous independent variable Chi-square test: is non-parametric test used for testing association between 2 or more qualitative variables Multiple linear regression: Is used if the target variables are dimensional having multiple possible values Multiple log... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Statistical Tests |
4b68dc66-44a2-494c-b9d6-2449ed9b068e | Fine voluntary movements are transmitted by | Lateral corticospinal tract | Dorsal column | Anterior horn | Spinothalamic tract | 0a | single | (A) Lateral corticospinal tract > The nerve fibers that pass from the motor cortex to the cranial nerve nuclei form the corticobulbar tract. The nerve fibers that cross the midline in the medullary pyramids and form the lateral corticospinal tract make up about 80% of the fibers in the corticospinal pathway.> The remai... | Physiology | Nervous System |
c4192336-c955-4b5d-9016-e7e7e5d36510 | A 9 year old girl presents with menarche. History reveals thelarche at the age of 7 years and adrenarche at the age of 8 years- the M/C cause of this condition in girls is: | Idiopathic | Gonadal tumor | Mc cure albright syndrome | Hypothyroidism | 0a | single | null | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
372e2a07-8eb6-4190-98a9-b126c038eba3 | sho acting acting beta 2 agonist | Formoterol | Isoprenaline | Salbutamol | salmeterol | 2c | single | sho-acting beta2 agonists- salbutamol., terbutaline, pirbuterol long-acting- salmeterol, formoterol, clenbuterol ref kd Tripathi 8th ed | Pharmacology | Respiratory system |
b0b7df6c-e7ad-4e30-be19-bedbd14faed0 | EMA - CO regimen for treatment of choriocarcinoma includes all except | Etoposide | Cisplatin | Methotrexate | Actinomycin - D | 1b | multi | EMACO ⇒
Etoposide
Methotrexate
Actinomycin
Cyclophosphamide
Oncovin. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
98105d24-8ca4-4885-b354-63f7c600b17a | The coagulation profile in a 13–year old girl with Menorrhagia having von Willebrand's disease is – | Isolated prolonged PTT with a nonnal PT | Isolated prolonged PT with a normal PTT | Prolongation of both PT and PTT | Prolongation of thrombin time | 0a | multi | Von Willebrand's factor acts as a plasma carrier of factor VIII and circulates in the blood as factor VIII-VWF complex. Its deficiency, therefore, impairs the intrinsic pathway of coagulation and prolongs the PTT as the intrinsic pathway of coagulation remains unimpaired, PT is not altered.
i) Bleeding time
It is a n... | Pediatrics | null |
6dc02852-bf7c-4410-be7d-82dafacb96bc | Superior pancreaticoduodenal aery is a branch of? | Hepatic aery | Splenic aery | Gastroduodenal aery | Inferior mesenteric aery | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Gastroduodenal aeryGastroduodenal aery gives following branches :-Right gastroepiploic aerySuperior pancreaticoduodenal aery | Anatomy | null |
e1c714bf-a740-428e-a83c-795d95aef306 | Echocardiography can detect pericardial effusion as little as: | 15 ml | 100 ml | 150 ml | 200 ml | 0a | single | Ans. | Radiology | null |
d43f5bb9-0fde-4a35-a215-c67f8cd33773 | SUPAR is a blood marker for | Minimal change disease | Membranous nephropathy | Focal segmental Glomerulo sclerosis | All the above | 2c | multi | FSGS - supar.
Mbranous nephropathy - M - PLA2. | Medicine | null |
910570a4-b093-4c66-8003-8b90a3224a89 | What is true about adductors of thigh - | Ischial head of adductor magnus is an adductor | Profunda femoris aery is the main blood supply | Ischial head of adductor magnus originates from adductor tubercle | Adductor magnus is the largest muscle | 3d | multi | Ans. is'd'i.e., Adductor magnus is the largest muscleIschial head of adductor magnus is a hamstring muscle (not adductor).Ischial head of adductor magnus originates from inferolateral aspect of Ischial tuberosity (not from adductor tubercle).Main aery of adductor (medial) compament of thigh is obturator aery (not profu... | Anatomy | null |
d27a4e16-ba43-40ad-8416-3dd86764a892 | Mycoplasma is intrinsically resistant to: | Aminogloycosides | Ceftazidime | Macrolides | Doxycycline | 1b | multi | Ref. Robbins Pathology. 9th edition. Page. 1375
Mycoplasma
Smallest extracellular bacteria.
Lack a cell wall; are very flexible and able to pass through filters which are 0.4 microns and which stop most bacteria.
Contain sterols in their cell membrane; however, they cannot synthesize sterols so mycoplasmas acquire... | Unknown | null |
92b22c80-d30e-446c-b97f-356d7aa60263 | Chronic adrenal insufficiency is characterized by all of the following except- | Excess pigmentation | Asthenia | Weight gain | Hypoglycemic episodes | 2c | multi | In contrast in Adrenal insufficiency weight loss occurs Ref - Davidson's medicine 23e p672 , ( Harrison 17 pg 2263) | Medicine | Endocrinology |
4e414275-8116-49cf-ac1a-3d3a56331815 | A dental bur cuts the tooth structure more effectively when rake angle of bur is | Positive | Negative | Radial | None of the above | 0a | multi | null | Dental | null |
75b1deff-c4c9-452c-8e79-43368ceeb92d | Provisions of free medical care to the people at government expense is known as - | State medicine | Social therapy | Social medicine | Preventive medicine | 0a | single | State medicine. : administration and control by the national government of medical and hospital services provided to the whole population and paid for out of funds raised by taxation. Ref: 25th edition, Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, Page no. 10 | Social & Preventive Medicine | Concept of health and disease |
414a36e6-2dc9-4dea-9b13-413e3b504a26 | Growth Hormone may be beneficial in the following, except: | In children with constitutional growth delay. | In treatment of osteoporosis. | Laron type dwarfism. | Panhypopituitarism. | 2c | multi | Growth hormone is effective in accelerating the growth rate in children with constitutional growth delay. It increases the calcium absorption in the gastrointestinal tract and has a positive effect on osteogenesis; it may be of use in treatment of osteoporosis and non-healing fractures. In panhypopituitarism, there is ... | Pharmacology | null |
f5f1ac4f-a5a7-40d1-93b8-c265afb4706b | Inulin is a polymer of | Fructose | Glucose | Galactose | Inulinose | 0a | single | null | Biochemistry | null |
58846f25-9051-40c6-a826-43d7f27ff837 | Cephalic vein drains into - | Brachial vein | Subclavian vein | Axillary vein | IVC | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Axillary vein Veins of upper limbo Cephalic vein is the paraxial vein of upper limb (like great saphenous vein of lower limb). It begins from the lateral end of dorsal venous arch. It is accompanied by lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm and terminal part of radial nerve.o Basilic vein is the postaxial... | Anatomy | Upper Extremity |
104861eb-7002-4063-9b42-2618e01da506 | In accidental hemorrhage, TOC: | Induction of labor | Rx of hypofibrinogenemia then blood transfusion | Simultaneous emptying of uterus and blood transfusion | Wait and watch | 2c | single | Ans. is c, i.e. Simultaneous emptying of uterus and blood transfusionRef: Williams Obs 23/e. p 767: Dutta Obs. 7/e, p 257, 258; COGDT 10/e, p 333The basic principle in the management of abruptio is termination of pregnancy along with correction of hypovolemia and restoration of blood loss."With massive external bleedin... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Antepartum Haemorrhage |
cc0f31c7-9abd-421a-b1d6-20b95fd03be8 | Calcium channel blocker with maximum effect on conduction in hea is: | Phenylamine | Nifedipine | Diltiazem | Verapamil | 3d | single | Verapamil is phenylalkylamine which depresses the SA node and slows AV conduction. Others are less potent. But verapamil can cause constipation It is class 4 antiarrhythmic drug REF.Essentials of Pharmacology KD Tripathi 8th ed. | Pharmacology | Cardiovascular system |
2e53d16c-97bc-4c1a-81e0-065e355883e8 | Most probable diagnosis in a newborn baby with regurgitation of feeds and continuous drooling of saliva is: | Esophageal atresia | Diffuse esophageal spasm | Achalasia cardia | Zenker's diveiculum | 0a | single | Continuous drooling of saliva indicates no communication of Esophagus distally - esophageal atresia. Type E is also known as H shaped Fistula Least Common- Type D Classification of TEF Type A: Atresia only (6%) Type B: Atresia with proximal TEF (2%) Type C: Atresia with distal TEF (85%): Most common Type D: Atresia wit... | Surgery | DNB 2018 |
44cc1f4b-4341-4b7c-bd55-a4a76a72d1a5 | A 68-year-old patient postoperative from thyroidectomy presents with muscle cramps; Chvostek's and Trousseau's signs are noted on examination. | Prolonged QT interval | Short QT interval | ST elevation | ST depression | 0a | single | Ans. (a) Prolonged QT interval.The rate is bradycardic at 54 beats/min. Ihe rhythm is regular with a narrow QRS and normal-appearing sinus P waves are seen. Axis is normal.The QT interval is very prolonged to more than 600 milliseconds with a long, isoelectric ST segment (best seen in lead V6) and T-wave inversions in ... | Unknown | null |
5925014d-c6a4-47e8-a580-68fefdc68152 | Methyl xanthines acts on | Histamine receptors | Adenosine receptors | Mast cells | Cholinergic receptors | 1b | single | (Adenosine receptors) (202-3-KDT) (220-KDT 6th)Mechanism of action of Methylxanthines - Three distinct cellular actions(a) Release of Ca++ from sarcoplasmic reticulum especially in skeletal and cardiac muscle.(b) Inhibition of phosphodiesterase which degrades cyclic nucleotides intracellularly.ATPorGTPAdenylcyclase----... | Pharmacology | Asthma |
0a64945f-1e63-4fe3-ac8f-24e87e553db8 | Which one of the following is characteristic of tubercu otitis media; | Marginal perforation of tympanic membrane | Multiple perforation of pars tensa | Large central perforation of tympanic membrane | Attic perforation | 1b | single | Ans. (b) Multiple perforation of pars tensaRef: Dhingra's ENT 5ht ed. / 83Clinical features of Tubercular otitis media:# Painless foul smelling ear discharge: very characteristic finding.# Perforation: multiple perforations usually 2-3 on pars tensa is classical sign of disease.# Hearing loss: There is a severe hearing... | ENT | Disorders of Middle Ear (Otitis Media) |
cde6dc2d-d9f2-4ff1-a7f7-a9306c47c8ae | True about 'Customs' is/are | Rigid rules and laws of society | No member can escape | Public take active part in its enforcement | All of the above | 3d | multi | (AH of the above) | Social & Preventive Medicine | Social Science, Mental Health & Genetics |
efb4ab05-2841-48e8-a904-25986d677b68 | Smooth muscle contraction due to release of calcium, occurs because of ? | Increased cAMP | Calcium combining with troponin C | Increased cGMP | Calmodulin-dependant myosin light chain kinase | 3d | single | In Smooth muscles, rise in intracellular leads to binding of 4 Ca++ ions with calmodulin. Calcium-calmodulin complex then activates myosin light chain kinase (MLCK). MLCK phosphorylates the regulatory light chain of myosin; this phosphorylation then leads to interaction of myosin with actin. Calmodulin is structurally ... | Physiology | Smooth Muscle |
0a4cc8d8-2e69-4cc4-9a87-cc6a676fccfd | ZOE is not used for permanent cementation because of? | Less strength | High solubility | Poor marginal seal | Poor pulpal protection | 0a | single | DISADVANTAGES
It does not adhere well to enamel and dentin; hence, it causes microleakage and cannot be used for interim and long-term restorations.
Due to its low strength and high solubility, it cannot be used for permanent cementation(1st choice will be low strength then low solubility if asked in exams).
Its solub... | Dental | null |
321f1aea-98d8-4dc9-868e-d994ba999a1f | True Statement about silicosis - | Produces pleural plaque | Associated with tuberculosis | Lower lobe infiltration | All | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Associated with tuberculosis Silicosis 3 Silicosis is a lung disease caused by inhalation of crystalline silicon dioxide (silica). o Currently, it is the most prevalent occupational disease in the world. Silicosis is a slowly progressive disease, usually presenting after decades of exposure as slowly ... | Pathology | null |
47f973a3-cc2a-462a-bb00-5acac381323a | Mutations in Marfans syndrome is in: | Collagen | Fibrillin | Elastin | Fibrin | 1b | single | Fibrillin | Pathology | null |
766c1858-3d0e-419d-b323-82040b022d13 | The commonest type of tracheoesophageal anomaly is - | Esophageal atresia without tracheoesophageal fistula | Esophageal atresia with distal tracheoesophageal fistula | Esophageal atresia with proximal tracheoesophageal fistula | Tracheoesophageal fistula without esophageal atresia | 1b | single | Tracheoesophageal fistula and esophageal atresia
Esophageal atresia is the most common congenital anomaly of the esophagus.
More than 90% are associated with tracheoesophageal fistula.
The most common variety is the one where upper part of esophagus ends blindly and the lower part is connected to trachea-by a fistula.... | ENT | null |
07c4fb4e-4ae9-42bb-ab01-c496f4f4b6be | In concussion trauma, damage to ocular structures is caused by: | Mechanical tearing of the tissues | Disruption of physiological activity by damage to tissue cells | Vascular damage leading to ischaemia | All of the above | 3d | multi | Ans. All of the above | Ophthalmology | null |
db757852-b163-4cf1-ab71-5e6da7fb8d7c | Etomidate causes all except- | Coronary insufficiency | Decreased steroid | Decreases Intracranial tension | Nausea and vomiting | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Coronary insufficiency o Etomidate is most cardiostable inducing agent. It can cause nausea and vomiting, decreased adrenal steroids and decrease in ICI. | Pharmacology | null |
3e2f92fe-9484-486b-b701-fa251c29cf60 | Cerebral palsy in which upper limb is less affected than lower limb | Spastic diplegia | Spastic paraplegia | Spastic Quadriplegia | Spastic hemiplegia | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Spastic diplegia | Pediatrics | null |
7357b7d1-ec58-4ba8-8283-416b6168f9f0 | A 45 yrs old man presents with progressive cervical lymph nodes enlargement, since 3 months; most diagnostic investigation is: | X-ray soft tissue | FNAC | Lymph node biopsy | None of the above | 2c | multi | In cervical lymph node enlargement, if no mucosal lesion is detected, an excision biopsy of the largest node should be performed. Ref: Harrison's Internal Medicine, 15th Edition, Page 362 and 18th Edition, Page 467. | Surgery | null |
21a5961c-411e-4b79-ae91-03b8a6c1fac6 | Which of the following is a WRONG pair regarding features of cranial nerves: | Most commonly involved in basal skull fracture: Facial nerve | Most commonly involved in raised intracranial tension: Abducent nerve | Most commonly affected in spinal anaesthesia: Abducent nerve | Most commonly involved in intracranial aneurysm: Optic Nerve | 3d | single | Most common nerve involved in basal skull fracture is Facial nerve. Most common nerve involved in raised intracranial tension is Abducent nerve . Most common nerve affected during spinal anesthesia is also Abducent nerve. Most commonly involved in intracranial aneurysm is Oculomotor nerve ansd not optic nerve. An aneur... | Anatomy | Cranial Nerves |
c9ac50a8-5907-46a2-8a3e-ca15ccf1f37c | A 6 months old baby coming with /o increasing difficulty in breathing of 2 days duration and on examination baby is afebrile & B/L wheeze & CXR shows B/L hyperinflation of the lungs with normal WBC count, the diagnosis is – | Bronchiolitis | Asthma | Ch. Bronchitis | Pneumonia | 0a | single | Clinical manifestations of bronchiolitis
The usual course of the disease is 1-2 days of → Fever, Rhinorrhea, Cough
This is followed by -
Wheezing
Cyanosis
Tachypnea
Nasal flaring
The breathing pattern is shallow
Rales, crepitation and Ronchi
Respiratory distress → retraction of intercostal space & suprast... | Pediatrics | null |
31986e15-f4cc-4de0-8a58-9d5880d3acef | The half life of I133 - | 4 hours | 4 days | 6 days | 8 days | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e. 8 days | Pharmacology | null |
d698e4de-d3b9-4f39-b8a2-1668e82b09e5 | Which is the principle for management of diabetic foot? | Control of DM | Topical antibiotics is paramount | Protection of the other limb | Early amputation | 0a | single | Ans: a. (Control of DM)Ref: Cuschieri, 4th ed. pg. 783The treatment of diabetic foot should be multi disciplinary involving vascular surgeon, diabetologist, and chiropodist. The main pathophysiology of diabetic foot involves a combination of neuropathy, infection and ischaemia. The goal of management should be control ... | Surgery | Wounds, Tissue Repair & Scars |
fb6c087f-16ac-430e-b805-affe63e8e370 | Not a complication of total parenteral nutrition | Hyperammonemia | Hypercholesterolemia | Neutrophil dysfunction | Hyperphosphatemia | 2c | single | .Biochemical COMPLICATIONS OF TOTAL PARENTERAL NUTRITON INCLUDES 1. Electrolyte imbalance: Hyponatraemia, hypokalaemia, hypophosphataemia. 2. Hyperosmolarity. 3. Hyperglycaemia. - common. 4. Dehydration. 5. Altered immunological and reticuloendothelial function. 6. Azotaemia. ref:SRB&;s manual of surgery,ed 3,pg no 89 | Surgery | Urology |
2d2b4426-9644-401a-be14-23035bc91bf7 | Which drug resistance differentiates the non fermenters, Psedomonas and burkholderia? | Resistance to ampicillin | Resistance to ceftazidime | Resistance to ciprofloxacin | Resistance to polymyxin B | 3d | single | Burkholderia can be differentiated from Pseudomonas by it's resistance to polymyxin, As polymyxin B is used for treating Psedomonas infection | Anatomy | Bacteriology |
2c7066fd-4849-414a-8d4a-5ff1af06d510 | Fluid best for postmortem investigation? | CSF | Vitreous | Synovial fluid | Serum | 1b | single | Ans. b (Vitreous) (Ref. Reddy FMT 23rd/pg. 332).There is a linear relationship between potassium concentration in vitreous and time after death up to 120 hours.Also Know:* The component of vitreous humour that is most useful in determining time since deathPotassium* Mucopolysacchride maximally present in vitreous humou... | Forensic Medicine | Death and Medicolegal Aspects |
04420118-7a40-4e9a-84ec-0dfecbafeca0 | All are false about tigecycline, except: | Dose reduction in renal failure | 90% pseudomonas strains are sensitive | Oral and parenteral bioavailability is same | Not preferred in UTI | 3d | multi | Ans. d. Not preferred in UTIRef: Goodman Gilman 12th e/P 1523Tigecycline, doxycycline and minocycline are safe in renal failure.Tigecycline is active against gram negatives with the exception of pseudomonas, providencia, morganella and proteus.Tigecycline has poor bioavailability and hence is given only by parenteral r... | Pharmacology | Anti Microbial |
e6133b94-8924-4725-815b-dd4f4aec369a | Misoprostol is a: | Prostaglandin E1 analogue | Prostaglandin E2 analogue | Prostaglandin antagonist | Antiprogestin | 0a | single | Natural prostaglandin in the body is PGE2 whereas misoprostol and alprostadil are synthetic PGs which are PGE1 analogues. | Pharmacology | null |
4457aa9e-460c-443d-8330-b1031cf627b0 | The mechanism responsible for sustained vascular smooth muscle contraction is | Sustained calcium release from SERCA pump | Vascular smooth muscle tone | Latch bridge mechanism | Henneman principle | 2c | single | Latch bridge mechanism: - Once smooth muscle has developed full contraction, the amount of continuing excitation can usually be reduced to far less than the initial level even though the muscle maintains its full force of contraction. Fuher the energy consumed to maintain contraction is often miniscule, sometimes as li... | Physiology | JIPMER 2018 |
1bf538c7-a278-41ab-b577-0db055f9c8d1 | Gastro-colic reflex is related to : | Mass peristalsis | Segmental movement | Pendular movement | Colonic cases | 0a | single | A i.e. Mass persistalsis | Physiology | null |
39c06e7a-1af3-4da9-869b-b99678fa4a43 | Middle cardiac vein is accompanied by | Anterior interventricular aery | Left circumflex aery | Posterior Interventricular aery | Diagonal aery | 2c | single | The middle cardiac vein commences at the apex of the hea; ascends in the posterior longitudinal sulcus along with posterior interventricular aery, and ends in the coronary sinus.Ref: V.S Volume 1; 2nd edition; Page: 276 | Anatomy | Thorax |
269f6ff3-509c-40d2-b608-0e05d085ae96 | Killian's dehisence is seen in ? | Oropharynx | Nasopharynx | Cricopharynx | Vocal cords | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Cricopharynx Inferior constrictor muscle has two pas :- (i) Thyropharyngeous with oblique fibres, and (ii) Cricopharyngeous with transverse fibres. Between these two pas of inferior constrictor exists a potential gap called Killan's dehiscence. It is also called the gateway to tear as perforation can ... | Anatomy | null |
7eca6156-ee88-4446-8f9c-5b835d721960 | White piedra is caused by | Piedraia hoae | Pityrosporum orbiculares | Hoae werneckii | Trichosporon beigelii | 3d | single | . | Pathology | All India exam |
5270a661-5e17-46f5-b499-ae233cc39d9a | An 86-year-old man has become progressively unable to live independently for the past 10 years, and he now requires assistance with bathing, dressing, toileting, feeding, and transfers in and out of chairs and bed. On physical examination, he has no motor or sensory deficits. He cannot give the current date or state wh... | Aggregation of Ab peptide | Conformational change in the prion protein (PrP) | Dopamine deficiency | Expansion of polyglutamine repeats | 0a | single | Alzheimer's disease (AD) can be complicated by cerebral amyloid angiopathy and terminal hemorrhagic stroke. Formation and aggregation of the Ap peptide are now considered central to the pathogenesis of AD. Ap peptide is derived from the abnormal processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP). When APP, a transmembrane p... | Pathology | Central Nervous System |
4d5a78c5-b894-469a-b113-c84bae36524d | The commonest site for hypertensive intracerebral bleed is: | Putamen. | Cerebellum. | Pons. | Midbrain. | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e. Putamen Most common site of hypertensive hemorrhage is-Basal Ganglia (Putamen, thalamus & adjacent deep white matter) Also RememberM.C. intracranial hemorrhage: Intracerebral or intraparenchymal hemorrhage *M.C. cause of intracerebral hemorrhage: Hypertension due to rupture of small penetrating arterie... | Medicine | Cerebrovascular |
bbb61ac4-9054-4cd1-9e86-73e442b1ca5d | Which amino acid spares the use of methionine - | Cysteine | Glycine | Histidine | Arginine | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Cysteine "Adequate dietary source of cysteine 'spares ' methionine".o Methionine is an essential amino acid.o Methionine is required for synthesis of cysteine (thus cysteine is non-essential amino acid)o Thus, cysteine can spare the requirment of methionine in diet. | Biochemistry | Amino Acids Basics |
63798118-c047-43ac-a473-b108f535e171 | All are factors determining diffusion across membrane except | Temperature | Particle size | Membrane pore size | Concentration gradient (Repeat, 2008) | 1b | multi | Ans b (particle size) Ref: Vasudevan 4th ed pg J3, Guyton 48, Ganong 22nd ed pg 4)Diffusion is affected by concentration gradient, temperature, and membrane pore size.The text given in Guyton about molecular size appears confusing, but it is clearly stated in Vasudevan andSreekumari that "permeability does not depend o... | Physiology | General |
1e451565-467c-4464-9fd0-4a3b12aa7808 | Which of the following statement is false about the condition depicted in given diagram ? | Caused by deficiency of Radial bone and thumb | Hand is deted to Ulnar side . | Associated conditions are Holt Oram syndrome and VACTERL . | Preferred management is Pollicization and Centralization of ulna . | 1b | multi | Radial hemimelia -Radial club hand -Deficiency of radial bone and thumb (40% of hand) - Hand deted to radial side - Associated conditions: 1. Hold Oram syndrome 2. VACTERL Management: -Pollicization (create thumb) -Centralization of ulna | Orthopaedics | Pediatric Ohopedics |
543274dd-a6ae-4a27-85bd-eb50c1da4725 | Minimum concentration of reduced hemoglobin required for cyanosis is - | 1 gm/dl | 3gm/dl | 7gm/dl | 9gm/dl | 2c | single | null | Medicine | null |
50e51cdd-7848-4f31-8a71-2d6764064cfc | Mechanism of action of zileuton:- | Cyclooxygenase inhibitor | 5-lipooxygenase inhibitor | 5-phosphodiesterase inhibitor | Prevents mast cell degranulation | 1b | single | Zileuton is a selective and specific inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase, preventing the formation of both LTB4 and the cysteinyl leukotrienes. Because zafirlukast and montelukast are selective antagonists of the cysteinyl leukotriene- 1 receptor, they block the effects of cysteinyl leukotrienes. All three drugs are approved f... | Pharmacology | Respiratory System |
9944230d-9674-4929-b8f7-cea2a0fa4b99 | Menstrual regulation is done upto: September 2010 | 35 days of Amenorrhea | 42 days of Amenorrhea | 49 days of Amenorrhea | 56 days of Amenorrhea | 2c | single | Ans. C: 49 days of Amenorrhea Menstrual regulation provides best results when a person repos between the 35th-45th day from the last menstrual period (LMP) and the MR is done before the 49th day since the LMP. It has been observed that the procedure gives optimum results in terms of least occurrence of associated risks... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
bcae4984-ad48-4886-bf43-878824fef975 | A road traffic accident patient presents with breathlessness. Differentiation between cardiac tamponade and tension pneumothorax is best done by? | Pulse pressure | Pulse volume | JVP | Breathing sounds | 3d | single | Ans. (d) Breath soundsRef. B&L page 354/ 26th Edition* Both Tension pneumothorax and Cardiac tamponade both present with breathlessness, tachypnea and distended neck veins* Tension pneumothorax features - Hyper resonance over the chest and absent breath sounds.* Cardiac tamponade - Classically, the presentation consist... | Surgery | Trauma |
d424268e-534b-40cb-8356-874c8a28bc0e | An orphan population of 7-13 yrs age has been put on lacto vegetarian diet, which study it was? | Turku study | Hope wood house study | Vipeholm study | Tristan da cunha study | 1b | single | null | Dental | null |
cc26c11c-11c2-4944-b08d-d7a6b2aca596 | Biopsy of a persistent exophytic area on the vulva of a 60 year old woman demonstrates a squamous epithelial lesion. No koilocytes are seen. The lesions show papillary projections composed of disordered, squamous epithelium with well differentiated cells. The basement membrane at the dermal-epidermal junction is focall... | Condyloma acuminatum | Extramammary Paget's disease | Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia | Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma | 3d | multi | The disruption of the basement membrane with cell groups extending deep into the dermis indicates that this is invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva, which may arise in vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, in condyloma, or spontaneously. The latter type (which is likely here) tends to be well differentiated, while... | Pathology | null |
c93d8c82-621b-49e0-a8c9-fd80012ce4b2 | "Phantom calyx/Amputated calyx" on IVU is feature of? | Tuberculosis | Hydronephrosis | Bilharziasis | UPJ obstruction | 0a | single | Ans. A. TuberculosisEarly renal tb: IVUAdvanced renal tb: CTRadiologic findings in renal tb include:a. Urographic demonstration (ivu) of diminished excretion of the contrast medium, focally or generally.b. Poorly defined one or more calyces.c. Cavitation communicating with the pc system, demonstrable by urography or re... | Radiology | Miscellaneous |
9c89df51-e2d7-410c-9363-d5a8d91f3392 | Following are the features of raised intracranial tension except - | Altered sensorium | Papilloedema | Convulsions | Tachycardia | 3d | multi | There is Bradycardia. | Surgery | null |
24f4b2f9-1ffc-432b-9ed9-f489bcbcd2c0 | In primary open-angle glaucoma pilocarpine eye drops lowers the intraocular pressure by its direct action on the: | Trabecular meshwork | Ciliary epithelium | Longitudinal fibres of the ciliary muscle | All of the above | 2c | multi | Ans. Longitudinal fibres of the ciliary muscle | Ophthalmology | null |
a60ccad1-88eb-4306-9a18-cb8493434680 | Formaldehyde gas sterilization is employed for? | Sterilizing hea lung machines | Glass materials | Paper and cloth | Fumigation of operation theater | 3d | single | Formaldehyde gas is used for sterilising instruments and heat sensitive catheters and for fumigating wards and sick rooms and laboratories REF:Ananthanarayan and Panicker's Textbook ofMicrobiology 8thEdition pg no:36 | Microbiology | general microbiology |
557306dc-a829-48f8-969a-6b7db5eee244 | All of the following statements about Penicillin resistance are true, Except - | beta-Lactamase production is the most common mechanism of resistance | Alteration in target PBPs is an impoant resistance mechanism in gram negative bacteria | Alteration in permeability/penetration of antibiotic causes resistance only in gram negative bacteria | beta-Lactamase production causes resistance in both gram positive and gram negative bacteria | 1b | multi | Ans. is b i.e., Alteration in target PBPs is an impoant resistance mechanism in gram negative bacteria PENICILLIN RESISTANCE o Mechanism of resistance are ? Penetration into the cell o Gram negative bacteria have an outer membrane just outside the cell wall. o Outer membrane is not present in gram positive bacteria, so... | Pharmacology | null |
a5270135-f5cd-4ed4-8175-571a9414e7aa | Phlyctenular conjunctivitis false is- | The most common cause is tuberculosis | The lesions are typically found near the limbus | Predominantly affects children | Is a type IV hypersensitivity reaction | 0a | multi | Tuberculous proteins were considered, previously, as the most common cause. Staphylococcus proteins are now thought to account for most of the cases. Age. Peak age group is 3-15 years. Phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis is believed to be a delayed hypersensitivity (Type IV-cell mediated) response to endogenous microbial... | Ophthalmology | Conjunctiva |
7c8980c4-c654-4a7a-abb1-4e774a6c5a95 | A patient of glaucoma with bronchial asthma presents to the emergency with status asthamaticus, causative agent might have been) | Pilocarpine eye drop | Timolol eye drop | Betaxolol eye drop | Levobunolol eye drop | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e. Timolol eye drops Timolol maleate is the most widely used drug for open angle glaucoma.It is non-selective B blocker (Blocks both B1 and B2B2 is responsible for bronchodilation, therefore blocking B2 would aggravate asthma.Instead of Timolol, Betaxolol can be used because it is a selective B1 blocker a... | Ophthalmology | Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma and Related Conditions |
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