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2c7ec90c-53a4-4241-83fd-5ef6b0c51baa | Muscle relaxant that can be used in a patient with high serum bilirubin of 6.0 and serum creatinine of 4.5 mg/ dL? | Atracurium | Vecuronium | Pancuronium | Mivacurium | 0a | single | Ans. a. Atracurium (Ref: Goodman Gilman 12/e p264; Morgan 4/e p221; Lee 13/e p191,192)Muscle relaxant that can be used in a patient with high serum bilirubin of 6.0 and serum creatinine of 4.5 mg/dL is Atracurium because of unique metabolism independent of hepatic and renal functions and ensured degradation.AtracuriumA... | Anaesthesia | Non-depolarising Neuromuscular Blocking Agents |
025ab9d1-8576-4333-9fba-69b0f9a81e8f | Helix in a finger spring for mesial movement lies | Mesial to the tong axis of the tooth | Distal to the Long axis of the tooth | In line to the long axis of the tooth | Perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth | 2c | single | null | Dental | null |
cecbe051-d079-4542-864b-35c2af750b76 | Diuretic causing gynaecomastia is - | Lubiprostone | Spironolactone | Cimetidine | Chlorthalidone | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Spironolactone Drugs causing gynecomastia* Calcium channel antagonist* Isoniazide* Reserpine* Clomiphene* Ketoconazole* Digitalis* Methyldopa* Estrogens* Testosterone* Flutamide* Phenytoin* Cimetidine* Ethionamide* Griseofulvin* Goserelin* Griseofulvin* Spironolactone* Cyprotenrone acetate Note: Cimet... | Pharmacology | Diuretic |
53e13be6-87c8-4229-b3b3-02e714bfb0c1 | DNA foot printing is used to detect | Single nucleotide polymorphisms | Variable number of tandem repeats | Parent of origin of the child | DNA-protein interaction | 3d | single | Techniques of detection of DNA-Protein interaction : DNA footprinting Yeast one-hybrid system Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) | Biochemistry | Techniques in molecular biology |
ee8524cf-c0e7-46c9-b810-73f2a0a07f92 | Replacement dose of thyroxine is | 0.1 - 0.2 mg | 0.3 - 0.4 mg | 1 - 2 mg | 3 - 4 mg | 0a | single | • Daily replacement dose of thyroxine: 1.6 μg/Kg body weight (0.1-0.15 gm) .
• For TSH suppression (in PTC and FTC), dose of thyroxine: 2.7 μg/Kg body weight. | Surgery | null |
7e183c01-dddf-4ed8-b81e-407133dfaac5 | Insulin of choice in a patient with Diabetic ketoacidosis? | Lispro | Deterimer | Aspart | Regular Insulin | 3d | single | Regular Insulin is short acting formulation given intravenously in cases of Diabetic ketoacidosis. | Pharmacology | null |
1901eeaf-7b79-45ca-9583-ebee79ada513 | Which radioisotope of Iodine is used in the treatment of hypehyroidism? | I123 | I125 | I131 | I132 | 2c | single | Iodine 131 when taken up by thyroid gland result in destruction of the trapping cell and cells in close proximity. Because thyroid gland has extremely high affinity for iodine compared to other tissues, radioactive iodine results in selective ablation of thyroid tissue. Ref: Diseases of the Thyroid in Childhood and Ado... | Radiology | null |
1da2fef4-a77d-4f3e-b396-db576d0785d8 | Virus causing cervical cancer in the ectocervix - | HPV16 | HPV17 | HPV11 | HPV19 | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., HPV 16 Carcinoma cervixo The m/c etiological factor associated with cancer cervix is Human Papillomavirus (HPV).o HPV is epitheliotropic.o High-risk HPVInclude 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39. 45, 52, 56, 58, 59, 68.o Low-risk HPV associated with genital warts are subtype 6 and 11.o Almost 80% women are infect... | Unknown | null |
3ff950b5-c990-4681-93d1-ac16ddeee230 | The commonest systemic abnormality associated with renal cell carcinoma Is - | Hypeension | Polycythemia | Elevated ESR | Pyrexia | 2c | single | The preoperative erythrocyte sedimentation rate is an independent prognostic factor in renal cell carcinoma. An elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) repoedly has been associated with a poor prognosis among patients with RCC, but the ESR is not incorporated into existing nomograms Ref Harrison20th edition pg 28... | Medicine | Kidney |
7ed10403-b06f-4d16-80cb-6bebf0ac484c | Which hormone is not affected by menstrual cycle - | Estrogen | Progesterone | Gonadotropins | Prolactin | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Prolactin o Prolactin levels do not fluctuate much during the menstrual cycle. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Endocrinology in Relation to Reproduction |
58167454-90c7-4c54-9aa4-9fb75f39e66f | In the primary survey of a severely wounded patient 'cABCDE', 'c' stands for | Care about surroundings | Call for help | Catastrophic haemorrhage | Cardiac status | 2c | multi | Experience from war zones over the past 20 years has shown that exsanguinating external haemorrhage from massive aerial bleeding needs to be controlled even before the airway is managedIf identified, pressure should be applied, in an attempt to stem the flow of blood. When the tourniquet is applied, the time has to be ... | Surgery | Trauma |
25dbc164-0d6f-46ce-8646-2109dc883575 | Schwannoma arises most frequently from: | Vestibular Nerve | Trigeminal nerve | Cochlear Nerve | Facial Nerve | 0a | single | A schwannoma (also known as acoustic neuroma, acoustic neurinoma, or acoustic neurilemoma) is a benign, usually slow-growing tumor that develops from the vestibular nerves supplying the inner ear. The tumor comes from an overproduction of Schwann cells--the cells that normally wrap around nerve fibers like onion skin t... | ENT | null |
6bf8a322-8f3b-4ae1-91bc-ad42673c635d | Which of the following toxic states is not associated with anemia? | Clostridial sepsis | Snake venom | Lead poisoning | Listerosis | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Listerosis * The toxic or chemical injury states associated with anemia include: Clostridial sepsis, Snake venom, Lead poisoningClassification of Anemia According to Underlying MechanismMechanismSpecific ExamplesBlood Loss Acute blood lossChronic blood lossTraumaGastrointestinal tract lesions, gynecol... | Medicine | Blood |
c0da51db-5912-43fc-ba24-790d7b6dbba1 | Enzyme deficiency in glycogen storage disease type 5 is: | Glucose 6 phosphatase | Acid maltase | De branching enzyme | Myophpsphorylase deficiency | 3d | single | D Harper, 26,h ed, p. 152, Table (18.2) & 25th ed, p. 206, Table (20.2) | Biochemistry | Carbohydrates |
595c6fc4-87a1-49f1-b613-27685a796bde | The following are recognised signs any symptoms of raised intracranial tension in a 9 month old infant, except – | Bulging fontanel | Diplopia | Papilloedema | Increase in head size | 2c | multi | null | Pediatrics | null |
9ab62da4-8eee-4ec7-98a9-9aa339a2abe3 | Which of the following is the root value of achilles tendon reflex? | L1, L2 | L3, L4 | S1, S2 | S3, S4 | 2c | single | Achilles tendon reflex:Also known as ankle jerk.Root value: S1,S2Plantar flexion of the ankle joint on tapping the Achilles tendon. Must know:Deep tendon reflexes include reflex responses of the biceps, triceps, brachioradialis, patellar and Achilles tendons. Ref: Clinical Anatomy By Regions By Richard S. Snell, 2011, ... | Anatomy | null |
bee6781c-5060-40ea-bccd-06c8aeaa10de | Commonest trophozite infection by sexual intercourse - | Entamoeba histolytica | Trichomonas vaginalis | Trepanoma palidium | Giabrdia intestinales | 1b | single | Trichomoniasis has an estimated annual incidence of 173 million cases(Ref.PARK'S TEXTBOOK OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICINE 21st Edition page no.304) | Social & Preventive Medicine | Communicable diseases |
d7bb7459-1bbc-4390-9a75-da5cd7e2e17a | Maternal moality is maximum in which period - | Antepaum | Peripaum | Postpaum | None | 1b | multi | Park's textbook of preventive and social medicine 23rd edition. *Maternal deaths mostly occur from 3rd trimester to 1st week after bih. | Social & Preventive Medicine | obstetrics,pediatrics and geriatrics |
823f4d8c-505f-410a-b5c3-25a2201e8012 | EAC rosette formation is the propey of one of the following type of immune cells ? | T-cells | B-cells | Macrophages | All of the above | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' | Microbiology | null |
473caf63-7b3b-48f7-8ad2-9cd943179973 | Mid tracheostomy is done at which of the following level? | 3-4 rings of tracheal cartilage | 5-6 rings | 1-2 rings | 2-3 rings | 3d | single | Ref: Diseases of the Ear Nose and Throat by PL Dhingra 5th edn .2010 page page 337 Explanation:TracheostomyTracheostomy is making an opening in the anterior wall of trachea and converting it into a stoma on the skin surfaceIndications areRespiratory obstructionSuction of retained secretionsRespiratory insufficiencyType... | ENT | Ear |
b59dc61f-091f-4cae-bd25-f8ba48bdac2c | Which of the following represents the indication for In-situ DNA nick end labeling technique? | To detect fraction of cells in apoptotic pathways | To detect fraction of cells in S phase | To detect p53 gene product | To detect bcr/abl gene | 0a | single | It is an in-situ method for detecting areas of DNA which are nicked during apoptosis.In-situ methods for labeling apoptotic cells are used to demonstrate the DNA fragments produced by endonucleolytic cleavage directly within tissue sections. The in-situ methods makes use of enzymes that label 3'-OH ends that results fr... | Pathology | null |
f27efef8-d1d6-4161-9cd6-c16eefa7ea22 | The need for vitamin B12 and folic acid inthe formation of red blood cells is related primarily of their effects on: | Synthesis and release of erythropoietin from the kidney | Absorption of iron from the gut | DNA synthesis in bone marrow | Hemoglobin formation in the red blood cell | 2c | single | Within 6-9 hours of treatment with vitamin B12 formation of nuclear DNA component promotes normoblastic reaction of the bone marrow. Folic acid also promotes the formation of nucleic acids. | Unknown | null |
52327e2b-27f5-4924-8ec7-51a02fd190d5 | A 3-year-old child is admitted to the emergency department with a particularly severe attack of asthma. Which of the following is the most important factor in increasing the intrathoracic capacity in inspiration? | "Pump handle movement" of the ribs-thereby increasing anterior-posterior dimensions of the thorax | "Bucket handle movement" of the ribs-increasing the transverse diameter of the thorax | Straightening of the forward curvature of the thoracic spine, thereby increasing the vertical dimensions of the thoracic cavity | Descent of the diaphragm, with protrusion of the abdominal wall, thereby increasing vertical dimensions of the thoracic cavity | 3d | multi | Contraction of the diaphragm (descent) pulls the dome inferiorly, increasing the vertical dimension of the thorax. This is the most important factor in inspiration for increasing the internal pulmonary volume and concomitantly decreasing intrathoracic pressure. The contraction of intercostal muscles is usually involved... | Anatomy | Thorax |
21df7d6b-feab-45e8-a84b-5088c5150846 | Harish 45 years old male admitted in hospital, says that nurse who is treating him is not actually nurse, his wife has replaced her and trying to killed him. Diagnosis. | Capgrass syndrome | Fregoli syndrome | Cotard syndrome | Alport syndrome | 1b | multi | Fregoli syndrome : Patient believes that family member has come in disguise of stranger. | Psychiatry | null |
e6177abc-e5ee-43e0-b295-ff9ab957bb5f | A 40 year old married male thinks that he is multitalented and is always overconfident. He never listens to his family or friends. Infact whenever anyone gives him any advice, he thinks that they have some motive against him. He is always suspicious of his wife.All these are feature of? | Borderline personality disorder | Schizoid personality disorder | Paranoid personality disorder | Histrionic personality disorder | 2c | multi | Ans. C. Paranoid personality disorderParanoid personality disorder: It is characterized by generalized mistrust and suspiciousness about the motives and actions of others and a tendency to interpret them as malevolent. The patient believes that:Others are exploiting or deceiving the person.Friends are untrustwohy and n... | Psychiatry | null |
a8f8689d-607e-4fc3-be8c-b4b1dfc59d2f | Wilm's Tumour is associated with all. except ? | Hemihyperophy | Beckwith syndrome | Aniridia | Polycystic kidney | 3d | multi | Ans. is d i.e., Polycystic kidney disease | Pediatrics | null |
0bc5a266-8437-4fcc-b05c-9450e25f1bd3 | Function of hepatic stellate cells are | Vitamin A storage | Formation of sinusoids | Increase blood perfusion | Phagocytosis | 0a | single | The hepatic cells are of mesenchymal origin , found in space of Dessie. The stellate cells play a role in the storage and metabolism of vitamin A and are transform into collagen producing myofibroblast when there is inflammation and Fibrosis of liver. Refer 9/e p436 | Anatomy | G.I.T |
27fdb198-e17c-40d0-a02e-8a5e985f6066 | A 16-year-old girl presents with a painfully enlarged lymph node in her right axilla and low grade fever. Peripheral blood counts are within normal limits. The lymph node is biopsied, and numerous granulomas filled with neutrophils and necrotic debris are observed. Which of the following organisms could produce this di... | Baonella henselae | Borrelia burgdorferi | Chlamydia psittaci | Coxiella burnetii | 0a | single | Baonella henselae is the infective agent of cat scratch disease, which generally presents as regional lymphadenopathy with or without low fevers and headaches. Baonella is a gram-variable pleomorphic rickettsial organism that is introduced to the skin in a cat bite or scratch. It produces a self-limited granulomatous r... | Microbiology | null |
a21f68bf-f8d9-47b0-bc6b-42294340162b | Calculate the filtration,if GFR = 125 ml / min and renal plasma = 625 ml / min | 5% | 20% | 50% | 10% | 1b | single | null | Physiology | null |
b38eabb3-1b54-4009-b9a3-7d8e0f65b97b | Characteristics of SIRS includes the following except - | Leukocytosis | Thrombocytopenia | Infectious or noninfectious cause | Oral temperature > 38°C | 1b | multi | null | Medicine | null |
8d3c29fc-3223-4164-9fcc-28f9b090f73d | Which of the following condition increase chance of hyponatremia in patient treated with antidepressant: | Old age | Low weight | Cold climate | Obesity | 0a | single | Ans. (A) Old ageCases of SSRl-associated hyponatremia & the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone have been seen in some patients, especially those who are older or treated with diuretics. | Psychiatry | null |
479c97b3-27c9-45f4-9a64-dd2965441f42 | Renal GFR is estimated by | TC99 DMCA | TC99DMSA | Tc99 DTPA | All | 2c | multi | C i.e. Tc99 DTPA DTPA is freely filtered at globerulus with no tubular reabsorption or excretion. Thus its excretion rate measures GFRQ. DTPA Scan is useful for evaluation of perfusion and function of each kidneyQ. It is also indicated in Urinary tract obstructionQ, Renovascular cause of hypeensionQ and Renal transplan... | Radiology | null |
305b8095-bb1e-4f1b-82f1-07500a22cdbf | Infraclavicular lesion of tuberculosis is known as - | Ghon 'S focus | Puhl's focus | Assman's focus | none | 2c | multi | Assman focus: Infraclavicular lesion of tuberculosis. Healed calcified caseous nodule of tuberculosis at the apex of the lung. Rich focus: Tuberculosis granuloma occurring on the coex of the brain that ruptures into the subarachnoid space. Simmons focus: Healed foci of TB in the liver Weiga focus: Healed foci of TB in ... | Pathology | dermatology and infectious disease |
3bb684b2-50fb-4b41-bb49-df55baa513ff | Veebral rotation in scoliosis is checked in- | Forward bending | Backward bending | Sideways | Without bending | 0a | single | *The forward bending test is very sensitive in demonstrating the veebral rotation that takes place in a structural scoliotic curve. *Quantification of the rotation is done by measuring the rib hump by use of inclinometer or scoliometer. Ref: Oski's Paediatrics, Principles and practice p.2488 | Anatomy | Spinal injuries |
54fc510d-e37c-4bab-b731-f60058bef85d | A 9 months old child is brought to you in the emergency with complaints of cough and coryza since last 2 days. Since last 1 day child is having noisy breathing which increases on crying. On examination you find a stridor which the mother was explaining as noisy breathing. What is your diagnosis? | Croup | Bronchiolitis | Asthma | Laryngomalacia | 0a | single | Ans. A. CroupCroup is the most common etiology for hoarseness, cough, and onset of acute stridor in febrile children. Symptoms of coryza may be absent, mild, or marked. The vast majority of children with croup recover without consequences or sequelae.Croup manifests as hoarseness, a seal-like barking cough, inspiratory... | Pediatrics | Respiratory System |
01d86c86-8f30-48e6-be84-26a81836ce34 | The major contribution to the semen from: | Testes | Seminal vesicles | Prostate | Bulbourethral and urethral glands | 1b | single | Semen which is ejaculated during male sexual act is composed of fluid and sperm.
vasdeferens-10%
seminal vesicles-60%-mucoid consistency
prostate gland-30%-milky
so the bulk of semen is seminal vesicle fluid | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
f9d76051-b716-4684-80d8-69613dfbe74f | Uric acid is formed by ? | Catabolism of proteins | Catabolism of ketones | Catabolism of purines | Catabolism fo pyrimidines | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Catabolism of purines | Biochemistry | null |
1da1bfe7-22d6-4194-8cb6-75ac8f4bcbe9 | The weight of the upper limb is transmitted to the axial skeleton by ? | Coracoclavicular ligament | Coracoacromial ligament | Costroclavicular ligament | Coracohumeral ligament | 0a | single | The weight of the upper limb is transmitted to the medial two-third of the clavicle and thence to the axial skeleton through the coraco-clavicula ligament. | Anatomy | null |
699b18b7-328e-4deb-9dbb-faed16450957 | Secondary caries is least likely seen with: | Silicate cement | Zinc phosphate | Polycarboxylate | GIC | 0a | single | null | Dental | null |
c4a0afc4-e2d2-4cf6-8e6e-3691242dee59 | One of your patients is diagnosed with retinoblastoma. He has a single tumor in one eye. The patient is worried whether his children would suffer from the same condition. What test could be used to determine whether it is a heritable or sporadic tumor? | DNA footprinting | Fluorescence-activated cell soing (FACS) | Nohern blotting | PCR | 3d | single | Foy percent of retinoblastomas are heritable; the child inherits one mutant allele through the germline and a somatic mutation in the other allele occurs, resulting in the loss of function of that gene. This leads to tumor development, often with multiple tumors in both eyes. Penetrance, however, is not complete, since... | Biochemistry | null |
69a59914-ec74-4444-a08d-537d052676aa | Cytochrome C of the bacteria has 50% identity of amino acid sequence with that of a human. Which of the following is the most conserved parameter in these two proteins | Quarternary structure | Tertiary structure | Amino acid sequence | Loop and turn segments | 1b | single | Pseudomonas (bacterial) cytochrome C differs from eukaryotic (human) cytochrome in the total number of amino acid residues, in composition and in the order of residues in the large segment of amino acid sequence'
Comparison of primary protein structure with the predicted tertiary structure revealed that functionally cr... | Biochemistry | null |
0effff4e-5a97-44f0-91c3-4df0560ba86d | To test hepatic function to assess bleeding disorder clinical test done is: | CT, BT | PTT | Factor 8 | None of the above | 1b | multi | PTT | Pathology | null |
54efa178-c7bf-4029-bed1-44e29b21512b | In Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, polyps are seen in | Colon | Rectum | Small bowel | Stomach | 2c | multi | Answer is C (Small bowel) Polyps may be seen throughout the gastro intestinal tract but most commonly in the small intestine. Peutz Jegher's syndrome: It is an autosomal dominant condition characterized by: Hamaomatous polyps throughout the gastrointestinal tract, most notably in .small intestineQ Mucocutaneous pigment... | Medicine | null |
d3c8385c-2ee1-403f-9bf9-312a7b70b41b | Which statement regarding the renal involvement associated with SLE is true? | Clinically apparent renal disease occurs in 90% of affected persons | Interstitial nephritis is a rare finding on renal biopsy | Renal biopsy is not initially necessary in patients with deteriorating renal function and active urine sediment | Renal disease is uncommon in patients with higher anti-double stranded DNA antibodies | 2c | multi | Renal disease is clinically evident in about half of persons with SLE. However, nearly all persons with SLE have some evidence of renal disease on renal biopsy. Renal disease associated with SLE includes both glomerulonephritis and interstitial nephritis. Glomerular disease has been classified into membranous nephritis... | Unknown | null |
a9c50a66-26ea-4827-8be7-86a7455d8b90 | Kenny Packs were used in the treatment of - | Poliomyelitis | Muscular dystrophy | Polyneuropathies | Nerve Injury | 0a | single | null | Medicine | null |
e9254ead-4852-4582-89dc-83b20e1396a9 | A 74-year-old woman presents with acute chest pain and shoness of breath. Cardiac catheterization demonstrates occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary aery. Laboratory studies and ECG are consistent with acute myocardial infarction. Which of the following is the most likely pathological finding in the affect... | Capillary-rich granulation tissue | Collagen-rich scar tissue | Granulomatous inflammation | Neutrophils and necrotic debris | 1b | single | Pathologic findings in congestive hea failure include:- Change Time Microscopic signs of coagulative necrosis 24 hours after the onset of vascular occlusion PMNL and marophages 3-5 days from the time of injury Capillary rich granulation tissue 7 days or end of first week Collagen rich scar tisssue(necrotic myocardium i... | Pathology | Wound Healing |
15679068-6b65-4ceb-900b-5e68812c9710 | Which of the following Scaphoid fracture is most prone to develop Avanscular necrosis? | Fracture of waist of scaphoid | Fracture of tubercle | Fracture of distal pole | All of the above | 0a | multi | A i.e. Fracture of waist of Scaphoid | Surgery | null |
9cce27c5-6e60-46c9-9feb-6fa9b837e09a | First line of treatment for keloid is | Intralesional injection of steroid | Local steroid | Wide excision | Radiotherapy | 0a | single | First line of management for keloid is intra keloidal injection of Triam cinolone acetate. | Surgery | null |
8e6d7773-15cf-44d8-97f5-3840832b397e | A 9 yr old girl has difficulty in combing hairs and climbing upstairs since 6 months. She has Gower's sign positive and maculopapular rash over metacarphalangeal joints. What should be the next appropriate investigation to be done? | ESR | RA factor | Creatine kinase | Electromyography | 2c | single | The mitochondrial creatine kinase (CKm) is present in the mitochondrial intermembrane space, where it regenerates phosphocreatine (PCr) from mitochondrially generated ATP and creatine (Cr) impoed from the cytosol. Apa from the two mitochondrial CK isoenzyme forms, that is, ubiquitous mtCK (present in non-muscle tissues... | Medicine | C.N.S |
c6c44aef-6933-4cca-a387-45eed24bcc49 | During delivery there is a perineal tear involving the anal sphincter but anal mucosa is not involved. Which is the degree of tear? | I | II | III | IV | 2c | single | Ans. (c) IIIRef. DC Dutta 7th ed./ 422-23PERINEAL TEARS1st degreeIs a laceration of the vaginal mucosa and the perineal skin but not the underlying fascia and muscle.2nd degreeInvolves the vaginal mucosaperineal skinand the fascia and muscles of the perineal body.3rd degreeInvolves the vaginal mucosaskin and perineal b... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Injury to the Birth Canal |
ff30e0cd-a5be-490d-8d0f-341bc5a1d446 | Ranula is a - | Mucous cyst | Tumor | Submandibular gland swelling | Swelling on dorsum of tongue | 0a | single | null | ENT | null |
e59c73f7-d0c1-43eb-a772-6f76f70fb4e1 | Most sensitive investigation for diagnosis of Meckel's diverticulum is? | USG | CT Scan | Barium enema | 99m-Tc pertechnetate scan | 3d | single | Ans DImaging wise Meckel diverticulum appears like normal bowel, however Meckel's bleeds because it has ectopic gastric mucosa - secretes acid - damages the mucosa. Most common presentation of Meckel's: GI bleedingQ with abdominal pain. Tc99m - pertechnate scan is most sensitive for diagnosisQ | Radiology | G.I.T. |
e82f511d-f89d-4781-8fc0-207c105bfaec | Which is a Chemoattractant - | C5a | Cl | C3 | C2 | 0a | single | Ans-C5a* Major opsonins: C3b, IgG, mannose-binding lecithin (MBL), fibronectin, fibrinogen, and CRP.* Membrane attack complex: MAC has a subunit composition of C5b, C6, C7fC8, and polymeric C9* Anaphylatoxin: Both C3a and C5a anaphylatoxin activity. | Unknown | null |
3f15f0e0-6254-464c-8047-fab227a23a49 | If a patient is absolutely allergic to LA, the specific drug used in place of it is: | Chlorpheniramine maleate | Benzalkonium chloride | Diphenhydramine hydrochloride | Ketamine hydrochloride | 2c | multi | If the patient is allergic:
To ester local anesthetics, try an amide local anesthetic.
To amide local anesthetics, try an ester local anesthetic.
To methylparaben or is allergic to both amide and ester local anesthetics, try a MPF product.
To antioxidants or sulfite compounds, review the product ingredients.
Some dr... | Surgery | null |
9813a9c4-6a6b-4edf-aaf2-652482c22774 | Cherry red postmortem staining is seen in | Cyanide | Carbon monoxide | Nitrites | Phosphorus | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Carbon monoxide * Color of post-mortem staining in various poisoning:POISONCOLORCarbon mono-oxide and hypothermiaCherry redHCN, burnsBright redNitrites, potassium chlorate, potassium bicarbonateNitrobenzene, acetanilide, bromates, aniline (causing methaemoglobinuria)Chocolate or Copper brownPhosphorou... | Forensic Medicine | Toxicology |
3f1d5e21-914e-42d5-a4a0-5499789a753f | Interocclusal distance is required because | It is essential in complete denture construction | It permits supporting tissues to rest | It helps in mounting casts | None of the above | 1b | multi | The interocclusal distance is a necessity, when the mandible is at rest, as it permits supporting hard and soft tissues to rest. | Dental | null |
93e3da29-f333-42f3-abc3-e61edf157869 | TNF is secreted by activated: | Macrophages | Neutrophils | Lymphocytes | Eosinophils | 0a | single | Ans: a (Macrophages) Ref: Robbins,7th ed, p. 71; Ananthanarayan, 7th ed, p. 144; Table 16-2TNF and IL1 are the main mediators of inflammation. They are produced mainly by the activated macrophages.Cytokines and their main sourcesILl, IL 8- MacrophagesIL 2, 3, 9, 10, 12, 13- T cellsIL 4, 5, 6- Helper cellsIL 7, 11- Stro... | Pathology | Cellular Pathology |
a640781c-2556-438f-a905-a9bf8d376c38 | Cock&;s peculiar tumor is | Basal cell CA | Squamous cell CA | Ulcerated sebaceous cyst | Cylindroma | 2c | single | .cocks peculiar tumour is actually a complication of sebaceous cyst when sebaceous cyst ulcerates excessive granulation tissue forms resembling fungating epithelioma and this iscalled cock&;s peculiar tumour | Surgery | General surgery |
307847ec-1123-4694-a421-60acb689dfa8 | Which of the following endocrinological condition may be associated with hydatiform mole : | Hypothyroidism | Hypehyroidism | Diabetes | Hyperprolactinemia | 1b | single | Hypehyroidism | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
4b1f9d71-a36e-4388-854e-e2d1b7751d02 | Which of the following is the most common tumor of the salivary gland? | Mucoepidermoid tumor | Wahin's tumor | Acinic cell tumor | Pleomorphic adenoma | 3d | single | Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common salivary gland tumor in both children and adults. Women are more commonly affected, and the mean age at presentation 4th to 6th decade. Patients present with painless, slow growing mass. On examination it is a solitary, well defined, firm and mobile mass. Within the parotid gland ... | Surgery | null |
8aa9dc92-698b-4e77-993d-b2608f17bec8 | Parvovirus infection which of the following is true | Erythroid progenitors are affected | Myeloid precursors are affected | People with P antigen is resistant to infection | Majority are chronic infections | 0a | multi | Ref. Robbins Pathology. 9th edition. Page. 460
Parvovirus B19 directly infects eiythroid progenitors through the P antigen on erythroblast surface.
Individuals who lack P antigen are resistant to parvovirus infection.
Few giant proerythroblasts (GFE) with basophilic cytoplasm 'dogear1 like cytoplasmic projections, s... | Unknown | null |
33a89c81-dc26-4e2b-887f-de8da8262bf8 | All of the following cause hypeension except: | NSAID | Erythropoietin | Cyclosporine | L-dopa | 3d | multi | L-dopa a. NSAID Cause retention of sodium and water causing oedema and also decreases the effects of antihypeensive drugs. Hypeension is more common in coxib users than NSAID. c. Cyclosporine May cause hypeension in 50% of renal transplants and in almost all cardiac transplants. d. L-Dopa Peripheral decarboxylation of ... | Surgery | null |
c2185edf-ab01-42e9-8022-6c133fcb0b40 | Most commonly used cholinesterase regenerator at NM junction is - | Pralidoxime | Obidxime | Diacetyl monoxime | Edrophonium | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Pralidoxime o Pralidoxime is most commonly used cholinesterase reactivater.OXIMESo Oximes 1 Pralidoxime 2-PAM, obidoxime and diacetyl-monoxime (DAM)J are used in organophosphatepoisoning.o Oximes acts by reactivating cholinesterase enzyme.o Mechanism of actionIn organophosphate poisoning esteratic sit... | Pharmacology | Cholinergic System |
019ba66a-ad1f-40e4-80c4-794ec1932518 | The bacterial cell wall has all of the following properties except: | It consists of a mixed polymer called peptidoglycon | It is the structure principally responsible for the reaction of gram staining | It is a unique flexible plastic structure | It contains D-isomers of amino acids | 2c | multi | null | Microbiology | null |
3a34d6b3-bc42-4c2a-bfb1-2f12f6779f48 | Scottish Dog Terrier Appearance on X-ray is seen in: | Spondylolysis | Spondylolisthesis | Normal Lumbar spine on Posterior oblique view | Veebral metastasis | 2c | single | Scottish Dog Terrier sign is Normal appearance of lumbar spine on posterior oblique X ray view Scottish Dog Collar sign is seen in Spondylolysis Beheaded Scottish Dog Sign is seen in Spondylolisthesis Winking Owl Sign is seen with Veebral Metastasis | Radiology | Musculoskeletal Radiology |
d035efdb-1ccd-4326-b318-550a3f4853ac | Moures sign is seen in - | Carcinoma | Appendicitis | Varicose vein | Pancreatitis | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e.,Carcinoma"In normal persons, a click is felt when larynx is moved from side to side over vertebral column, this is called laryngeal click (post cricoid crepitus) It is absent in post cricoid carcinoma -- Moures sign | Surgery | Miscellaneous (Neoplasia) |
d1f308ef-0929-4001-9a25-ee147e5e8f1f | Not a feature of hepato-renal syndrome: | Normal GFR | Normal urinary sediments | Low Na+ in urine | Normal renal biopsy | 0a | single | Hepato-renal syndrome is a form of functional renal failure without renal pathology. Diagnosis is made in the presence of a large amount of ascites in patients who have a step-wise progressive increase in creatinine. Type 1 HRS is characterized by a progressive impairment in renal function and a significant reduction i... | Medicine | Cirrhosis |
78186b92-e6a6-42b7-89f0-b9d22e37c86e | Lysosomal accumulation of sphingomyeline is seen in | Farber’s disease | Niemann-Pick disease | Tay Sach’s disease | Krabbe’s disease | 1b | single | null | Biochemistry | null |
c7d054b4-2202-4d00-bdc3-6bfd3def774a | All the following are posterior relations of IIIrd pa of Axillary aery except | Radial Nerve | Axillary Nerve | Ulnar Nerve | Teres Major and Subscapularis | 2c | multi | Pectoralis minor divides the axillary aery into three pasRelations of Third PaAnterior1 Skin2 Superficial fascia3 Deep fascia4 In the upper pa, there are the pectoralis major and the medial root of the median nerve Posterior1 Radial nerve 2 Axillary nerve in the upper Pa3 Subscapularis in the upper Pa4 Tendons of the l... | Anatomy | Upper limb |
4e6b6445-0e62-4d65-9723-0020e479f772 | Variation of eruption of secondary dentition can be: | 4-5 months. | 6-7 months. | 12-18 month. | Variations in eruption of secondary dentition is less frequent. | 2c | single | null | Dental | null |
13bb4956-27e1-4e7e-af4c-068ad5eef1a6 | If annual growth rate of a population is 1.5-2%, what number ofyears will be required to double the population? | 70-47 years | 47-35 years | 35-28 years | 28-23 | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e. 47-35 years | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
344d60ac-d514-48b2-94b7-691cb87140ef | Root value of ankle jerk | L3 L4 | L4 L5 | S1 S2 | S3 S4 | 2c | single | The ankle jerk reflex, also known as the Achilles reflex, occurs when the Achilles tendon is tapped while the foot is dorsiflexed. This reflex is mediated by the S1 spinal segment of the spinal cord. Ref: guyton and hall textbook of medical physiology 12 edition page number: 774,775,776 | Physiology | Nervous system |
cf044375-49eb-486f-a17b-7a50d80d0176 | A 32-year-old woman goes to an emergency depament because she has developed severe, watery diarrhea. About 36 hours later, she developed vomiting and an abrupt, painless, watery diarrhea. The volume of diarrhea has been copious, and she has subsequently developed intense thirst, oliguria, muscle cramps, and weakness. A... | Pseudomonas | Salmonella | Shigella | Vibrio cholerae | 3d | single | The features noted are those of Vibrio cholerae, the causative organism of the severe diarrheal disease, cholera. The diarrhea is the result of the action of the cholera enterotoxin, which acts by ADP-ribosylating adenylate cyclase, leading to increased cyclic AMP with secondary increased efflux of Cl- and H2O. World-w... | Microbiology | null |
7adc4c61-815a-42e8-9cad-3eaaf6a0af9f | Diameter of graafian follicle at the time of ovulation is - | 10mm | 15mm | 20mm | 25mm | 2c | single | Ans. C. 20mmOvulation is aprocessby which a secondary oocyte is released from the ovaryfollowingrupture of a mature Graafian follicle and becomes available for conception.There is a pre - ovulatory enlargement in the Graafian follicle and it measures about 20 mm at the time of ovulation. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
b243a825-198d-44ee-864e-785e53227729 | Reduction in central_____ plays a vital role in suicidal behavior. | Dopamine | Acetylcholine | Serotonin | Epinephrine | 2c | single | Ans. c (Serotonin) (Ref. Harrison's medicine 17th ed., 2717; Kaplan & Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry, 10th ed., p. 901)Biological Factors in Suicide# Diminished central serotonin plays a role in suicidal behavior.# Low concentrations of CSF 5-HIAA also predicts future suicidal behavior.ETIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF ... | Psychiatry | Mood Disorders |
5fd147f4-af9e-4b99-9f47-39d91b42304d | Type of collagen found in basement membrane - | I | II | III | IV | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., IV o Type IV collagen with laminin are the major constituent of basement membrane.Type of collagenDistributionType ISkin, tendon, bone, corneaType IIArticular cartilage, intervertebral disc. Vitreous humorType IIIFetal skin, cardiovascular systam, lung, reticular fiberType IVBasement membraneType VPla... | Physiology | Cell Physiology and Intercellular Connections |
5ab81d42-af6e-4e57-a9a7-3485922c43f6 | According to the 2010 WHO criteria the characteristics of normal semen analysis are: | Volume 1.5ml, count 15 million/ml, morphology 4%, progressive motility 32% | Volume 2.0ml, count 20 million/ml, morphology 4%, progressive motility 32% | Volume 1.5ml, count 20 million/ml, morphology 4%, progressive motility 32% | Volume 2.0ml, count 15 million/ml, morphology 4%, progressive motility 32% | 0a | single | Ans. A. Volume 1.5ml, count 15million/ml, morphology 4%, progressive motility 32%a. Semen volume: 1.5mL or moreb. pH:7.2 or morec. Count: 15million/mL or mored. Motility (within 1 hour of collection) Total motility (progressive + non progressive): 40% or moree. Progressive motility: 32% or moref. Vitality (live spermat... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Physiological changes during Pregnancy |
d189f765-5831-4075-bc73-df1da5f7ce43 | Investigation of choice in peptic ulcer perforation is - | USG | X-Ray abdomen | Paracentesis | CT scan | 1b | single | null | Surgery | null |
49947b5b-a3fd-4576-bfc1-7440e96f8d5e | Memory T cells can be identified by using the following marker: | CD45RA | CD45RB | CD45RC | CD45RO | 3d | single | CD 45 is called as Leukocyte common antigen (LCA) Location of cell Molecular marker All leucocytes CD45 and CD45RB Medullary thymocytes ('Naive' T- cells) CD45 RA and CD45RC Coical thymocytes (Memory T-cells) CD45RO | Pathology | Immunology |
56d45d37-0f97-475a-b2c3-ab1026e66c0b | Treatment of choice in case of chronic ulcerative colitis is: | Colectomy with ileostomy | Colectomy + manual proctectomy + ileoanal pouch anastomosis | Proctocolectomy with ileoanal pouch anastomosis | Ileorectal anastomosis | 2c | single | Indications of Surgery in Ulcerative Colitis 1) Intractability2) Dysplasia or Carcinoma3) Massive Colonic bleeding4) Toxic Megacolon Surgical options in Ulcerative colitis1) TPC + IPAA - Definitive Rx2) TPC + Ileostomy3) TPC + Continent ileal reservoir (Kock pouch)4) TAC + End ileostomy TPC + IPAA- It is the Definitive... | Surgery | Inflammatory bowel disease |
14e4c190-b431-4a7c-98c0-f27811a1df64 | T1 weighted MRI of midsagittal section of brain is given. Which among the marked structures contains two lateral foramina of Luschka ?" | A | B | C | D | 3d | single | Option D : Correct answer i.e. the fouh ventricle contains the two lateral foramina (of Luschka), which drain into the two cerebellopontine angle cisterns. Option A : lateral ventricle Option B : third ventricle with fornix and choroid plexus at the roof Option C : quadrigeminal cistern with great cerebral vein (of Gal... | Anatomy | Neuroanatomy 1 |
3cd5d890-cce1-4170-ad26-7a8da3cd84c7 | A 5-year old child presented with fever, fatigue, abdominal pain and vomiting. On fuher history evaluation, he had a habit of eating di. Investigations shows visceral larva migrans. Communication with the following agent must have caused this infection in this child: | Pig | Dogs | Monkeys | Cows | 1b | single | The agent for Toxocariasis (visceral larva migrans) is the cosmopolitan intestinal ascarid of dogs and cats, Toxocara canis or Toxocara cati. The eggs passed by infected animals contaminate parks and other areas that young children frequent. Children with pica are at increased risk. Ingested eggs hatch and penetrate th... | Microbiology | null |
7b27a43a-bb3c-4195-853d-71dee7c68380 | Low LAP score may be seen in the following EXCEPT: September 2012 | CML | Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria | Autoimmune hemolytic anemia | Polycythemia vera | 3d | multi | Ans. D i.e. Polycythemia vera Diagnostic criteria for polycythemia vera Accurate diagnosis of PV is critical because its treatment may require the use of drugs with the potential to cause leukemia. The patient is considered to have PV if all three major criteria are met; or if the first two major criteria and any two m... | Medicine | null |
c84e6349-7bc2-4c29-9a0c-be6a0ca8ae33 | Unilateral watery discharge from the eye of a new born, with no edema or chemosis is due to: | Chamydia | Gonoccocos | Sticky eye | Chemical conjunctivitis | 3d | single | D i.e. Chemical conjunctivitis Here the neonate has Ophthalmia Neonatorum. Early presentation of discharge may be due to Gonococcus Q or Chemical Conjunctivitis Q, but Gonococcus is almost always B/L so the answer here is Chemical Conjunctivitis. In the past, if a maternal infection was suspected a drop of silver nitra... | Ophthalmology | null |
77de9e6b-37a4-4fc7-91a9-94c699751615 | The most reliable investigation in amyloid disease is - | Rectal biopsy | Immunoglobulin assay | Ultrasound | Urine examination | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Rectal biopsy | Pathology | null |
214f6c34-32d6-4c4a-ad87-b48350b2f655 | Primordial germ cell is derived from: | Ectoderm | Mesoderm | Endoderm | Mesodermal sinus | 0a | single | A i.e. EctodermPrimordial germ cell develops from epiblast (primitive or primary or embryonic ectoderm)Q at the caudal end of primitive streak in the caudal end of embryo. In the 3rd week, primordial germ cells migrate to a mass of extra embryonic mesoderm and then into the endoderm of yolk sac wall. | Anatomy | null |
d7701a3d-7f48-4b92-bd94-4f4493513c3f | Wagner's granulomatosis does not affect? | Liver | Lung | Kidney | Eye | 0a | single | Liver REF: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 17th ed chapter 319 MANIFESTATION OF WAGNER'S GRANULOMATOSIS: Kidney: Glomerulonephritis Ear/nose/throat: Sinusitis Nasal disease Otitis media Hearing loss Subglottic stenosis Ear pain Oral lesions Lung: Pulmonary infiltrates Pulmonary nodules Hemoptysis Pleuritis E... | Surgery | null |
cf0260ad-1113-46de-8b00-7e620f5e76b3 | A G1+O attends the antenatal clinic for the booking visit at 12 weeks. Her blood group is B Rhesus negative.What is the next step in the management? | Determine the fetal blood group | Determine the husband's blood group | Perform an ultrasound scan | Perform Rhesus antibody titer | 1b | multi | Ans. is b, i.e. Determine the husbands blood groupWhen a rhesus negative primipara attends the antenatal clinic, the first step is to determine her husband's blood group. If the husband is Rhesus negative no further investigations are necessary, as all babies will be Rhesus negative. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Pregnancy in Rh-negative Women |
de39db64-0f14-475e-8e74-f9c6331e4222 | Dialysis disequalibrium occurs due to - | Cerebral edema | Hypertension | Alumunium toxicity | A amyloid deposition | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Cerebral edema o Two ty pes of neurological disturbance are unique to patients on chronic dialysis.A) Dialysis dementiaQB) Dialysis disequilibriumQDialysis dementia -o It may occur in patients who have heen on dialysis for many years0 and is characterized by dyspraxia, myoclonus, dementia and eventual... | Medicine | Dialysis |
fa9bc8c8-9ad6-400b-8d6b-2fba3491f7d2 | A young girl presents with repeated episodes of throbbing occipital headache associated with ataxia and vertigo. The family history is positive for similar headaches in her mother. Most likely diagnosis is - | Vestibular Neuronitis | Basilar migraine | Cluster headache | Tension headache | 1b | single | null | Medicine | null |
3f8ebc59-dc44-4574-895a-b36f64848f52 | Which of the following strategy has been recommended to reduce the heredity risk for ovarian cancer in women with BRCA -1 and BRCA - 2 mutations : | Use of oral contraceptive pills | Screening with transvaginal ultrasound | Screening with CA - 125 | Prophylactic oophorectomy | 3d | single | Ans. is d i.e. Prophylactic oophorectomy BRCA-1 and BRCA-2 are tumour suppressor genes. BRCA-1 is located on chromosome 17 and BRCA-2 on chromosome 13. Individuals who inherit mutations of BRCA-1 and BRCA-2 are highly susceptible for the development of hereditary breast or ovarian cancer. The mutations are inherited as... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
ff5f3dd5-0738-4198-adcf-9273666b9571 | Indication for stopping rifampicin ? | Hepatitis | Visual loss | Thrombocytopenia | Peripheral neuropathy | 2c | single | Ans. is'c'i.e., ThrombocytopenialRef: ATT drug guide p. 7391Among the given options, hepatitis and thrombocytopenia are adverse effects of rifampicin."If thrombocytopenia purpura or anaemia occurs, rifampin should be stopped and should never be restaed".Rifampicin can be restaed under close observation and supervision,... | Pharmacology | null |
a5b9249f-bf74-4b92-bb77-2dc5b1ccc17c | Flower 'Vase' pattern of the pelvis in an intravenous urogram is seen in - | Polycystic kidney | Renal carcinoma | Horse shoe kidney | Ectopic kidney | 2c | single | null | Surgery | null |
2af815bd-e5d4-4825-ae53-2c76d0032d2d | Of the light produced by quartz — tungsten -halogen, only a small percentage is suitable for curing composite resin material and most is converted into heat. How much percentage of this light is useful for curing? | 0.50% | 5% | 10% | 50% | 0a | multi | null | Dental | null |
0e118970-4d08-40a4-9f72-f4187f5b4b2f | Inferior longitudinal muscle: | Shortens the tongue mad makes the dorsum concave. | Shortens the tongue and makes the dorsum convex. | Narrow and elongates the tongue. | None. | 1b | multi | null | Anatomy | null |
954970ba-e600-4dcb-90e6-309fc7867858 | When sebaceous cyst of the scalp is ulcerated, excessive granulation tissue forms fungating epithelioma is known as: | Cock's peculiar tumour. | Sebaceous horn. | Sequestration dermoid. | Terstomatous dermoid. | 0a | single | null | Surgery | null |
1230825b-8657-445d-80c6-98c3bf608a80 | Uro-rectal septum separates the cloaca into? | Rectum and bladder | Anus and urethra | Allantois and blader | Rectum and urogenital sinus | 3d | multi | D i.e. Rectum and urogenital sinus | Anatomy | null |
22704316-5c90-4e52-9437-6d5127ac5cb8 | Regarding cystic disease of breast which one is true: | Common in 25 years of age | Excision is the treatment | may turn into malignant | Aspiration is the treatment | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' ie Aspiration is the t/t Cysts are considered foremost among all of the benign histological changes in the breast. They occur most commonly in the last decade of reproductive life due to a nonintegrated involution of stroma and epithelium. Remember, cysts are one of the many features seen in ANDI (Aberratio... | Surgery | Neck |
b119be66-6dce-403a-8659-7ed66a918ef7 | Which of the following is the most common malignant germ cell tumor of ovary? | Yolk sac tumor | Dysgerminoma | Polyembryoma | Choriocarcinoma | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Dysgerminoma Dvsgerminomao It is the most common malignant germ cell tumor of ovary,o It affects young women and is usually unilateral.o Bilateral tumors are seen in 15 - 20% of the cases.o It is fleshy in consistency.o Histologically it shows presence of lymphocytic infiltration which is considered a... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Pathology (Carcinoma Ovary) |
f0b4be51-3188-4c43-9f6c-840b7e3f0d6b | In the Rabies vaccine schedule of 0,3,7,14,30,90,0 means - | Day of dog bite | Day of first injection | Day of symptom onset | Day of dog death | 1b | single | The vaccination schedule recommended consists of 6 doses on day 0,3,7,14,28 and a booster dose on day 90(Ref.PARK'S TEXTBOOK OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICINE 21st Edition page no.255) | Social & Preventive Medicine | Communicable diseases |
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