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ea84d1c0-5576-4a0f-8871-b995c60f16a1 | In the treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to lack of 21 β–hydroxylase, the purpose of administration of a synthetic glucocortocoid is: | Inhibition of aldosterone synthesis | Prevention of hypoglycemia | Recovery of normal immune function | Suppression of ACTH secretion | 3d | single | null | Pharmacology | null |
8510d4be-9c0d-48b6-bb6e-780ce0b6e369 | Which of the following antibody is incriminated in causing henoch schonlein purpura | IgA | IgM | IgG | IgD | 0a | single | Henoch schonlein purpura(IgA vasculitis) is characterized by Paplable purpura(most commo buttocks and lower extremities) Ahralgia Gastrointestinal signs and symptoms Glomerulonephritis Pathogenesis:immune complex deposition .IgA antibody class is the most often seen in immune complexes. Ref:Harrison 20th edition pg no ... | Medicine | Kidney |
7d527f41-5d9c-4f27-9219-4e136ec33f50 | Discoloration of tooth in tetracycline therapy is because of formation of: | Calcium orthophosphate | Dicalcium phosphate dihydrate | Calcium oxide | Tetracalcium phosphate | 0a | single | Tetracycline and minocycline: Unsightly discoloration of both dentitions results from excessive intake of tetracycline and minocycline during the development of teeth. Chelation of tetracycline molecule with calcium in hydroxyapatite crystals forms tetracycline orthophosphate which is responsible for discolored teeth. | Dental | null |
b77e7fb6-87bf-46e5-a1cd-4c5292bccead | Antenatal diagnosis of hydrocephalus is done by: | USG | AFP estimation | Foetoscopy | Aminocentesis | 0a | single | Ans. USG | Radiology | null |
d63f0af1-ec4d-4e30-ae89-f04fd89fd4a8 | Precancerous lesion of bone among the following is | Paget disease | Chronic osteomyelitis | Benign giant cell tumor | All of the above | 3d | multi | Precancerous lesions of bone:Multiple exostosesOllier's diseaseBenign giant cell tumorOsteoblastomaChondroblastomaChronic osteomyelitisPaget's disease(Refer: Nelson's Textbook of Pediatrics, SAE, 1st edition, pg no. 2474) | Pediatrics | All India exam |
6500e38a-5ab0-419e-84b7-dc2ad18fc177 | Transpo of ADP in and ATP out of mitochondria is inhibited byaEUR' | atractyloside | oligomycin | rotenone | cyanide | 0a | multi | atractyloside "Atractyloside inhibits oxidative phosphorylation by inhibiting the transpoer of ADP into and ATP out of the mitochondrion"- Harper ADP and Pi needs to be transpoed from the cytosol (where ATP is used for producing energy and conveed into ADP) into the mitochondrion, where ATP is resynthesized. Since the ... | Biochemistry | null |
93ddf325-339c-4936-a101-648aed25a863 | A 34-year-old male complains of hyperacusis (sensitivity to loud sounds). Injury to which of the following cranial nerves is responsible? | Hypoglossal | Facial | Accessory | Vagus | 1b | single | The facial nerve innervates the stapedius muscle, which is responsible for limiting movement of the stapes, thereby reducing the intensity of the sound entering the inner ear. The hypoglossal nerve innervates tongue muscles; the accessory nerve supplies the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles; the vagus does not ... | Anatomy | Head & Neck |
e3e8f921-b073-499b-9abb-ab5c16407a4c | Pupillary reflex is controled by which nucleus- | Edinger westphal nucleus | Nucleus tractus solitarus | Nucleus ambiguus | Dorsal vagus nucleus | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Edinger westphal nucleusPupillary light reflex (Light reflex)* Pupillary light reflex refers to constriction of pupil in response to light. When a sudden light is thrown into the eye, the pupil of that eye constricts (direct light reflex). The pupil of other eye also constricts (Consensual or indirect... | Physiology | Nervous System |
090d61a9-75c3-400c-bdc8-71f5f28efc79 | Which one has least mineralocoicoid activity? | Coisol | Prednisolone | Fludrocoisone | Methyl prednisolone | 3d | single | Coisol (Hydrocoisone) has primary glucocoicoid action and has significant mineralocoicoid activity. Prednisolone has glucocoicoid activity but at high doses fluid retention does occur. Fludrocoisone is a potent mineralocoicoid having very less glucocoicoid activity. Methylprednisolone is more selective glucocoicoid wit... | Pharmacology | Endocrinology |
25c1ac55-818f-4278-a40b-3f6ad9e7800e | Which is wrong regarding somato sensory evoked potentials (SSEP)? | Can be used intraoperatively inside OT | Can be used to monitor CNS during intracranial surgery | Can be used during spinal cord surgery to detect spinal cord damage | Is contraindicated under general anaesthesia | 3d | single | Somatosensory evoked potential (SEP or SSEP) is the electrical activity of the brain that results from the stimulation of touch. SEP tests measure that activity and are a useful, noninvasive means of assessing somatosensory system functioning. By combining SEP recordings at different levels of the somatosensory pathway... | Anaesthesia | Monitoring in Anesthesia |
a4a9dd72-0b53-4edc-aa1f-55245e027b4d | Retinoblastoma gene is located on – | Chromosome 5 | Chromosome 8 | Chromosome 13 | Chromosome 16 | 2c | single | null | Pediatrics | null |
d906a0a8-f6a9-4689-8802-877e49715bb9 | In retrosternal goiter, most common presenting feature is- | Dysphagia | Stridor | Dyspnoea | Sup. vena caval syndrome | 2c | single | null | Surgery | null |
1483505d-6866-4023-928e-b475ae25315f | Cottle's test tests the patency of the nares in: | Atrophic rhinitis | Rhinosporidiosis | Deted nasal septum | Hyperophied inferior turbinate | 2c | single | Cottle test: It is used to test nasal obstruction due to abnormality of nasal valve as in case of deted nasal septum. in this test, cheek is drawn laterally while the patient breathes quietly. If the nasal airway improves on the test side, the test is positive, and indicates abnormality of the vestibular component of n... | ENT | null |
6187a6b2-8e52-405a-a0d0-2c3339b5f4b7 | Pseudodementia is seen in | Alcoholism | Depression | Schizophrenia | Mania | 1b | single | Depressive pseudodementia- depression in the elderly people may mimic dementia clinically. Identification of depression is very impoant as it is far more easily treatable than dementia. (Ref: a sho textbook of psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th edition, pg no.23) | Psychiatry | Organic mental disorders |
3e5607d7-2845-467f-9728-1a1c7f133704 | A child presents with lethargy, hyptonia after 12 hours of bih. Resusciation done. There are two episodes of seizure. The stage of HIE is ? | 2 B | 2 C | 1 A | 3 | 0a | single | Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) is a type of brain damage that occurs when an infant&;s brain doesn&;t receive enough oxygen and blood. It is a dangerous condition that requires immediate medical intervention. Reference: GHAI Essential pediatrics, 8th edition | Pediatrics | New born infants |
d828256b-bd3b-45c6-bee5-1ef5409b3d2e | Ovulation occurs : | Before LH surge | After biphasic rise in body temperature | After ripening of follicle by FSH | Before estrogen peak | 2c | single | Ovulation After estradiol reaches a peak of 200pg/ml and is sustained for about 48 hours, it exes a possitive feedback action for LH surge Final maturation of follicle is obtained by combined effect of FSH and LH Ovulation occurs 24-48 hours after LH surge Ref: D.C. Dutta's Textbook of Gynaecology, 6th edition, page no... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Reproductive physiology and hormones in females |
834e18ea-a2f7-4401-8d9b-d0765ec2bd88 | Tendon of which muscle passes through the pyramid in middle ear | Incus | Stapedius | Malleus | Tensor veli palatine | 1b | multi | A conical projection called the pyramid lies near the junction of the posterior and medial walls of the middle ear. It has an opening at its apex for the passage of the tendon of the stapedius muscle | Anatomy | null |
a90d4a21-5cd9-43c9-a371-959bd66621d0 | Musculocutaneous nerve is injured at the lateral cord of brachial plexus, positive clinical findings would be : | Loss of flexion at shoulder | Sensory loss on the radial side of the forearm | Loss of extension of forearm | Loss of extension of the wrist | 1b | single | Musculocutaneous nerve supplies biceps and brachialis. It also gives sensory supply along the radial side of forearm. When it is damaged, it might show the following :
Flexion at elbow weakened (Biceps & Brachialis).
Supination of semiflexed elbow is affected (Biceps).
Sensory loss on radial side of forearm. | Anatomy | null |
55ca55cf-d487-443f-8049-7b4b1c08af5e | Specificity of a screening test measures aEUR' | True positives | False positives | False negatives | True negatives | 3d | multi | True negatives Repeat from May 06 Sensitivity is the ability of test to identify correctly all those who have the disease, i.e, 'true positives'. Specificity is the ability of a test to identify correctly those who do not have the disease, i.e. 'true negatives'. | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
fee5de57-0ec3-404f-bbec-909622b92315 | Number of muscles in middle ear | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 1b | single | The two muscles of middle ear are tensor tympani and stapedius. Both act simultaneously to damp down the intensity of high pitched sound waves and thus protect the internal ear. Notes: The tensor tympani is supplied by the mandibular nerve The stapedius is supplied by the facial nerve Ref BDC volume3,sixth edition pg 2... | Anatomy | Head and neck |
453173bf-6579-4375-9b11-55785c6b9c8e | Type-I lepra reaction is commonly seen in: | Histoid Leprosy | Lepromatous Leprosy | Borderline tuberculoid leprosy | Polyneuritic leprosy | 2c | single | type 1 reaction /reversal reaction is a delayed hypersensitivity reaction associated with a rapid increase in specific CMI activity against M.leprae. It usually occurs in borderline types of leprosy, (BB>BT >BL)characteristically associated with immunological instability. Page no.2046Reference IADVL's concise textbook ... | Dental | Bacterial infections |
38e5c3aa-2b52-4565-bd90-dc436e9e0a2d | Most afferent fibers from the lateral geniculate nucleus terminate in the primary visual coex in: | Layer 1 | Layer 2 & 3 | Layer 4 | Layer 5 & 6 | 2c | single | LGB has 6 layers - (i) Layers 1 & 2: They are called magnocellular (contain large cells). The M ganglion cells project to magnocellular poion of LGB, (ii) Layers 3-6: They are called parvocellular (contain small cells). P ganglion cells project to the parvocellular poion of LGB The visual coex has 6 layers. The magnoce... | Physiology | Special Senses |
bf117bc6-0bd1-49c4-b476-f6fd677377f7 | True about measles outbreak ? | Occurs if propoion of susceptible children is >20% | Infects 50% children in virgin community | Vaccination given at 6 months | Every 6-7 years | 2c | multi | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Vaccination given at 6 months Epidemic of measles occur if propoion of susceptible children is > 40%. If measles is introduced in a virgin community, it infects > 90% of children. Measles vaccine is given at the age of a months, but age can be lowered to 6 months in epidemics. Measles shows a cyclic t... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
09027adf-4352-4d9f-8e3c-eb486bab7b6f | In alcohol withdrawal drug of choice is: | Haloperidol | Chlordiazepoxide | Naltrexone | Disulfiram | 1b | single | Benzodiazepines are the drug of choice in alcohol withdrawal. If the question asks to choose a specific benzodiazepine, the best choice would be chlordiazepoxide. | Psychiatry | Substance Related and Addictive Disorders |
088c8d90-9d1b-46a2-86bf-e9839c03ed3c | Following an eye trauma, a patient presents 4 days later with proptosis and pain in the eye. On examination, he has chemosis, conjunctival congestion and extraocular muscle palsies. The investigation of choice to arrive at a diagnosis is: | MRI | CECT | MR angiography | Intra arterial digital subtraction angiography | 3d | single | Ans. d. Intra arterial digital subtraction angiography Symptoms ofproptosis and pain in the eye following an eye trauma with chemosis, conjunctival congestion and extraocular muscle palsies on examination is typical picture of post traumatic carotico-cavernous fistula. The investigation of choice to arrive at a diagnos... | Ophthalmology | Proptosis, Enophthalmos, Developmental Anomalies |
d0807356-22e2-40d4-a05f-e778d3980b61 | The genotype of blood group A would be | AB | AO | OO | BO | 1b | single | The genotype for a blood group can be AA OR AO blood groups are three genes Ia,Ib,Io Ref:Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology 12th edition,page number:155,156,157 | Physiology | General physiology |
7e855af0-ffa9-4f57-abad-bf2d8d0bc18d | Folie-a-deux means ? | Delusion of persecution | Sharing of delusion | Delusion of double | None | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Sharing of delusion It is also known as shared psychotic disorder or symbiotic psychosis. It is characterized by sharing of delusions between two person (Folie a deux) or rarely between more individuals (Folie a trois, Folie a quatre, Folie a famine). There is a dominant (active) person who induces de... | Psychiatry | null |
6de20134-c86c-4394-8e0b-42bb5628f16d | A 35-year-old woman complains of aching all over. She sleeps poorly and all her muscles and joints hurt. Her symptoms have progressed over several years. She reports that she is desperate because pain and weakness often cause her to drop things. Physical examination shows multiple points of tenderness over the neck, sh... | Graded aerobic exercise | Prednisone | Weekly methotrexate | Hydroxychloroquine | 0a | multi | The patient's multiple tender points, associated sleep disturbance, and lack of joint or muscle findings make fibromyalgia a likely diagnosis. Patients with fibromyalgia often report dropping things due to pain and weakness, but objective muscle weakness is not present on examination. The diagnosis hinges on the presen... | Medicine | Immunology and Rheumatology |
6d125fab-f48d-481d-be80-2258a7a34a0c | In CRP, the C stands for: | Canavallin A | Cellular | Chondoitin sulfate | C polysaccharide of streptococcus | 3d | multi | C polysaccharide of streptococcus CRP was originally discovered by Tillett and Francis in 1930 as a substance in the serum of patients with acute inflammation that reacted with the C polysaccharide of pneuniococcus. Initially it was thought that CRP might be a pathogenic secretion as it was elevated in people with a va... | Biochemistry | null |
901fb958-430d-45ae-b7f3-ec48e374115e | A patient on t/t for psychiatric disorder takes an overdose of a drug, develops bradycardia, hypotension, decreased sweating and salivation. The likely drug is - | Amitryptilline | Lithium | Selegiline | Amphetamine | 0a | single | TCAs can cause postural hypotension → Amitriptyline has maximum propensity.
Decreased sweating & salivation are due to anticholinergic side effects. | Psychiatry | null |
3a9aca62-731e-4c98-bf64-6c4b2e36ed11 | For high pressure storage of compressed gases cylinders are made up of – | Molybdenum steel | Iron + Mo | Steel + Cu | Cast iron | 0a | single | Gas cylinders are made from a steel alloy of molybdenum, which is resistant to corrosion.
Aluminum cylinders are also available in western countries. | Anaesthesia | null |
d96ce999-8976-4c63-bb96-f3d38984c9d9 | Which of the following is true regarding Naegleria fowleri is commonly acquired by? | Salt water living | Fresh water living | Sulfur springs | Swimming pool | 1b | multi | Naegleria fowleri (brain eating amoeba) infection is commonly acquired by swimming in fresh water pond.Infective form- trophozoitesThey can penetrate the nasal mucosa and cribriform plate to produce a purulent meningitis and encephalitis that are usually rapidly fatal. | Microbiology | JIPMER 2017 |
1efb6fb5-7097-4cb3-8bca-059f7bf70530 | Early morning awakening is a feature of | Psychosis | Anxiety neurosis | Depression | Mania | 2c | single | Early morning awakening is seen in depression. It is a type of insomnia patients with depression have altered dexamethasone suppression test that is no suppression of steroid in blood after administration of dexamethasone usually the steroid is produced in normal individuals at 6 Am whereas the steroids in increased am... | Psychiatry | Mood disorders |
4f825679-94a2-4d8b-80a5-9418a437642c | A person has headache & profuse sweating. On examination his B.P is 200/120 mm Hg. Which of the following shoud not be used | Nifedipine | Sodium nitroprusside | Phenoxybenozamine | Methyldopa | 0a | single | Patients who respond to shoacting vasodilators at the time of cardiac catheterization (a fall in mean pulmonary aerial pressure >=10 mmHg and a final mean pressure <40 mmHg) should be treated with calcium channel blockers. Typically, these patients require high doses (e.g., nifedipine, 240 mg/d, or amlodipine, 20 mg/d)... | Medicine | C.V.S |
5009b5eb-a425-4467-ab23-e71c92508ed3 | Maximum energy is liberated by hydrolysis of ? | Creatine phosphate | ATP | Phosphoenol pyruvate | Glucose-6-phosphate | 2c | single | A compound that liberates 7 Kcal/n:ol or more on hydrolysis is called high energy compound, or a compound that on hydrolysis undergoes a large (. 7 kcal/mol) decrease in free energy (AG) under standard condition is called high energy compound, i.e., AG - 7 Kcal/mol. | Biochemistry | null |
599b8bde-0f3a-4dbf-a9b4-ce11d58caa68 | Causative organism of molluscum contagiosum is? | Papova virus | Pox virus | Ohomyxo virus | Parvo virus | 1b | single | B i.e Pox Virus | Skin | null |
b9ca6ced-145f-4430-b124-e842a79e9bf6 | Unstable spine injury occurs in | Compression injury | Flexion-rotation injury | Extensor injury | Flexion injury | 1b | single | Mode of injuries in Lower Cervical Spine Fractures (C3 - C7)Mode of injuriesPattern of fractureVeical (Axial) compression Burst fracture (Veebral height is decreased in toto)Pure flexion Wedge compression fracture (Decreased anterior height of veebrae)Combined axial compression & flexion Teardrop fracture (Antero infer... | Pathology | All India exam |
ef7a1e9d-747d-4998-90c2-7cc59e3dd7f4 | Why is the blind spot on the retina not usually perceived? | It is very small, below the ability of the sensory cells to detect | It is present only in very young children | Its location in the visual field is different in each eye | Constant eye motion prevents the spot from remaining still | 2c | multi | Ans. C. Its location in the visual field is different in each eyeRods and cones are absent from the area of the retina where the optic nerve exits. The blind spot is of appreciable size, but because its location is off-center and the eyeballs are mirror images, each eye fills in the information missing from the other, ... | Physiology | Nervous System |
7cb81d3b-a936-44d2-82ec-64beedad4f3b | Lithium potentiates the action of non-depolarizing muscle relaxants. How many days before administration of the muscle relaxant should lithium be stopped? | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 1b | single | Ans. b. 2 Lithium should be stopped 48 hours, i.e. 2 day before surgery due to its interaction with anesthetic agents. | Anaesthesia | null |
6e4dd621-6014-4189-bd55-79f326284583 | Investigation in a patient of oliguria revealed Urine osmolity 620 mosm/kg Urine sodium :12mmol/L Urine /plasma urea ratio :13 :1 The most likely diagnosis is - | Prerenal acute renal failure | Acute tubular recrosis | Acute cortical necrosis | Urinary tract obstruction | 0a | single | null | Medicine | null |
0d9a5df6-9bde-46ad-bf51-808de5d8fb28 | Ventral pancreatic duct give rise to ? | Body | Tail | Neck | Uncinate process | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Uncinate process Development of pancreasPancreas is developed from the two pancreatic buds.i) Dorsal pancreatic bud :- It is larger and most of the pancreas is derived from it i.e. most of the head, and whole neck, body & tail.ii) Ventral pancreatic bud :- It is smaller and forms lower pa of the head ... | Anatomy | null |
51a39333-ae18-4538-a48b-e6ce4dc68f32 | All of the following may be used to differentiate Central Retinal Venous Occlusion (CRVO) from Ocular Ischemic Syndrome due to, except: | Dilated Retinal Vein | Touous Retinal Vein | Retinal Aery Pressure | Ophthalmodynamometry | 0a | multi | Central Retinal Vein Occlusion and Ocular Ischemic Syndrome due to carotid aery stenosis are both associated with Dilated Retinal veins and hence this feature cannot be used to distinguish these conditions. Ref: Ophthalmology By Yanoff, 3rd Edition, Page 625; Ocular Therapeutics Handbook: A Clinical Manual, 2nd Edition... | Ophthalmology | null |
001bd4d3-d3c8-4e20-8cf3-772ae9068d55 | Which of the following statements about Atrial myxomas is true | Most common in left atrium | More common in males | Distance metastasis are seen | Most myxomas are familial | 0a | multi | Ref Harrison 19 th ed pg 1577; 289e-1 Pathologically, myxomas are gelatinous structures that consist of myxoma cells embedded in a stroma rich in glycosaminoglycans. Most are solitary, arise from the interatrial septum in the vicinity of the fossa ovalis (paicularly the left atrium), and are often peduncu- lated on a f... | Anatomy | General anatomy |
465b8164-d0e0-4f02-9c26-ed190f1c7288 | External cephalic version is contraindicated all of the following except: September 2006 | Antepaum hemorrhage | Multiple pregnancy | Breech presentation | Ruptured membranes | 2c | multi | Ans. C: Breech Presentation External cephalic version is a process by which a breech baby can sometimes be turned from buttocks or foot first to head first. It is usually performed after about 36 weeks. It is often reserved for late pregnancy because breech presentation greatly decreases with every week. It can be cont... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
62b55c5e-9d07-4be6-bda3-a0a4a369532d | Multiple Liver secondaries are most common in following persons - | Overweight | Undeweight | Normal weight | Short and shunted | 0a | single | null | Surgery | null |
4e466817-a7c4-432e-ba2d-2cda7cfaba3b | Following tarsal bone is devoid of muscular attachment | Talus | Navicular | Cuboid | Medial cuneiform | 0a | single | TALUS:- Second largest tarsal bone.Head, neck, and body. Tibia above and calcaneum below, Attachments:-Devoid of muscular attachment. Numerous ligaments attached to it because it takes pa in three joints- ankle, talocalcaneal, and talonavicular.Neck:- Capsular ligament of ankle joint.Dorsal talonavicular Interosseus ta... | Anatomy | Lower limb |
bf7d034f-02b8-4e8d-8ad5-5bde2a6ec1c7 | Enzyme replacement therapy is available for the treatment of the following disorder- | Gaucher' disease | Niemann-Pick disease | Hunter syndrome | Phenylketonuria | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e. Gaucher's diseaseRef: Harrison 17th/Ep 2455 & 16th/Ep 2319 (15th/e p2280)The t/t of choice for Gaucher's disease is enzyme replacement therapy. A recombinantly produced mannose terminated enzyme called Cerezyme is used in the t/t of Gaucher's diseaseAbout the t/t of other options.Treatment of Niemann P... | Unknown | null |
4f5aa56a-7901-4b3e-a4a5-284db3c4a0a0 | A peptic ulcer is associated with all except one | Cirrhosis | Zollinger Ellisons syndrome | Primary hyperparathyroidism | Pernicious anemia | 3d | multi | You, don't expect pernicious anemia to cause peptic ulcer. In pernicious anemia, there is autoimmune destruction of the parietal cells leading to hypochlorhydria which fuher progresses to achlorhydria Etiology. of peptic ulcer Acute Peptic Ulcer NSAIDS Ingestion Stress Cushing ulcer after cerebral trauma Curling ulcer*... | Anatomy | G.I.T |
8de51243-bf2b-47e4-88b2-3e4775497398 | Morbid obesity means BMI of | >30 | >40 | >35 | >29 | 1b | single | Ref: Park&;s Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine 25 th Ed Pgno : 417-418 | Social & Preventive Medicine | Non communicable diseases |
0ce59744-583b-4f30-a84e-beaf94c7826d | agranuloctosis is a side effect of | risperidone | clonazepam | olanzapine | carbamezepine | 3d | single | - SIDE EFFECTS OF THE DRUG - APLASTIC ANEMIA - AGRANULOCYTOSIS - Hyponatremia - Steven Johnson's syndrome - Liver enzyme elevation - It has teratogenic potential Ref.kaplon and sadock, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg no. 935 | Anatomy | Pharmacotherapy in psychiatry |
4a3f9abe-ae9f-4ddd-b0e0-d6eae7353145 | The most potent and longest acting anaesthetic agent is: | Dibucaine | Tetracaine | Bupivacaine | Lignocaine | 0a | single | Dubucaine is the most potent, most toxic , and longest acting local anesthetic Cinchocaine or dibucaine is an amide local anesthetic. Among the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics, current use of cinchocaine is generally restricted to spinal and topical anesthesia. From KD Tripati 7th edition Pag... | Pharmacology | Anesthesia |
d312fa54-2250-40b0-9f1b-482a626ad2b4 | In a normal person which of the following occurs when he changes to supine position from standing | Cerebral perfusion increases | Hea rate settles to a higher level | Immediate increase in venous return | Decreased perfusion to the apex | 2c | single | Venous return is decreased in standing posture due to pooling of blood in lower extremities and is maximum in lying down position. Ref: Textbook of medical physiology by N Geetha, 2nd edition, page no. 170 | Physiology | Cardiovascular system |
936a4f87-86bb-4bdb-a4a6-16bd7554673d | False about fracture of vertebrae | Wedge compression cause flexion injury | Fracture dislocation is common in flexion rotation injury | Chance fracture occurs due to flexion distraction injury | Anterior longitudinal ligament runs along the posterior surface of vertevral bodies | 3d | multi | null | Orthopaedics | null |
bb0c35bc-feb3-416b-8a20-ce0a6141abce | Which of the following is not true about expected date of delivery (EDD)? | Less than 5% deliver on the expected date of delivery | 50% deliver within one week | 80% deliver within two weeks | Standard deviation around EDD is 3 weeks | 3d | multi | Ans. d. Standard deviation around EDD is 3 weeks (Ref Dutta's (Jaypee) / 73)Expected Date of Delivery (EDD)Only 4% of births take place on EDDAbout 50% deliver within 1 week on either side of EDD80% deliver about 2 weeks before to 1 week after EDDStandard deviation is of 13 days(90% of babies will be born within three ... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Obstetrics |
e2d2917a-a6a3-4faf-9533-aa8326432458 | Which of the following measurement at pelvic inlet can be assessed directly : | Obstetric conjugate | Diagonal conjugate | Anatomical conjugate | Bisspinous conjugate | 1b | single | Diagonal conjugate | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
b0b5f425-d48c-49b2-987a-c068415d777d | "Face of giant panda" sign on MRI brain is seen in: | Wilson's disease | Japanese encephalitis | Rasmussen's encephalitis | Wernicke's encephalopathy | 0a | single | Ans. A. Wilson's diseaseAbnormalities Is Wilson's Diseasea. Basal ganglia lesions are most often bilateral and symmetrical.b. The putamina shows striking increase in T2 signal intensity. This is present to a lesser degree in other deep gray matter structures.c. Thalamic lesions are often present but typically spare the... | Radiology | Nervous System |
a3511697-9a9b-4a9a-be18-d8b52bc29ff8 | A 67 year nude smoker presents with haemoptysis and cough. Bronchoscopic biopsy revealed un-differentiated tumour. The immunohistochemical marker that can be most helpful is- | Calretinin | Vimentin | Cytokeratin | GGt | 2c | single | TEXT BOOK OF PATHOLOGY HARSHMOHAN 6TH EDITION PG NO 16 Epithelial tumors are stained by pankeratin or cytokeratin (high or low MW) <\p> | Pathology | General pathology |
46b895b2-8f88-4dcc-922f-a303934f5a60 | Which of the following is true about oral therapy for iron deficiency anemia - | In 300 mg elemental iron given100 mg get absorbed | Reticulocytosis appears in one to 2 weeks and then peaks in 3-4 weeks | Response to Rx seen in 4 weeks | Decrease in absorption with improvement of symptoms | 3d | multi | null | Medicine | null |
d6e27843-0b89-44f3-934d-3e7dde924445 | A girl presents, with cystic swelling at the junction of lower 1/3rd and upper 2/3rd of anterior wall of vagina at 10 O' Clock position. The Diagnosis is: | Baholin's cyst | Ganer's duct cyst | Adenocarcinoma | Vaginal Inclusion Cyst | 1b | multi | - Ganer's duct cyst Arises from remnant of the mesonephric duct Located in the anterolateral wall aspect of the vagina Small cyst: Asymptomatic Large cyst if causes dyspareunia : excision - A Baholin cyst occurs due to blockage of duct of baholin glands. It is located on the inner side of labia minora in the postero-la... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Genital Tract Infections (Too hot to handle!) |
06ee65b6-3ab1-47d5-b602-bf5d8226118a | Which of the following is the most impoant factor in the prevention of the endophthalmitis in cataract surgery? | Preoperative preparation with povidone iodine | One week antibiotic therapy prior to surgery | Trimming of eyelashes | Use of intravitreal antibiotics | 0a | single | Preoperative antibiotics ,povidine iodine solutions are used to prevent post operative infection. REF:khurana,pg no 197 | Ophthalmology | Lens |
809f2da4-59d4-45a3-b914-f8e7c003fd07 | The effective dose of a Chest x-ray is ____________. | 0.02 mSv | 0.2 mSv | 0.05 mSv | 0.1 mSv | 0a | single | The effective dose of a CXR is 0.02 mSv. Radiation dose of a chest CT (8mSv)is 400 times more than a chest X-ray. TYPICAL EFFECTIVE DOSES Investigation Dose (mSv) PA view CXR 0.02 Skull AP/Lat 0.06 AP pelvis 0.7 AXR 0.7 Lumbar spine 1 CT brain 2 IVU 2.5 Barium meal 3 Bone scan 3 Barium enema 7 CT abdomen 10 Thallium sc... | Radiology | Introduction to Radiology |
6a1ade89-e6e7-4d2f-88d4-a027764cee09 | A 50 year old male is posted for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. No history of comorbidities. His surgery is scheduled at 2 PM on the day of surgery. Which of the following is against the ASA guidelines for preoperative fasting | Coffee at 5:30 AM | Orange juice at 7:30 AM | Pancakes at 10:00 AM | Water at 12:00 PM | 2c | single | The patient should be nil per orally for
8 hours for solid food
6 hours for liquid and semisolid food
2 hours for clear liquid. | Anaesthesia | null |
a25bdf47-10b5-4eb3-8bfc-b51b91201a5f | Most common cause of postural hypotension is | Progressive cerebellar degeneration | Striatonigral degeneration | Peripheral neuropathy | Adrenal insufficiency | 2c | single | (C) Peripheral neuropathy # Causes of postural syncope: In patients receiving antihypertensive or vasodilator drugs and those who are hypovolemic because of diuretics, excessive sweating, diarrhea, vomiting, hemorrhage, or adrenal insufficiency. | Medicine | Miscellaneous |
fa5a23af-4492-430b-bbf4-3332a752783c | Which of the following is the best parameter to predict virulence of acute infectious illness? | Incidence | Secondary attack rate | Case fatality rate | Crude death rate | 2c | single | Case fatality rate is directly related to the killing power of the disease. It denotes the virulence of an organism. But utility of case fatality rate is limited to acute illnesses and is not of much value for chronic diseases. Ref: Park 21st edition, page 55. | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
9d8f095e-62de-4abd-acc7-f6946beeb989 | A patient presenting with history of diarrhoea for several years with recent onset pruritus and raised alkaline phosphatase, normal SGOT/PT and USG shows no gallstones and biliary tract abnormality, the diagnosis is | Hodgkin's lymphoma | Sclerosing cholangitis | Autoimmune hepatitis | Viral hepatitis | 1b | multi | Symptoms of PSC Evidence of cholestatic liver disease - Jaundice, Pruritus and fatigue Diagnosis Asymptomatic elevation of GGT is the earliest finding, ALP and bile acids are also increased. Cholangiography - diagnoisis of PSC with evidence of diffuse multifocal strictures found in both intrahepatic and extrahepatic bi... | Anatomy | G.I.T |
e2ca5e1e-a86f-48ae-8842-912ce472c80c | Volume of plasma from which a substance is completely removed by filteration/secretion in kidney is equal to- | Rate of elimination | Clearance | Volume of distribution | Bioavailability | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Clearance* Once a drug is absorbed and distributed among the tissues and body fluids, it is then eliminated mainly by the liver and kidneys. The amount of drug eliminated from the body per unit time is called rate of eliminations.* Elimination of a drug from the plasma is quantified in term of its cle... | Physiology | Kidneys and Body Fluids |
93564dac-2474-41a3-840a-6a56513f4b88 | The myocardial contraction is stimulated by | Influx of Ca++ ions | Influx of Na ions | Efflux of K ions | Efflux of Na ions | 1b | single | The initial depolarisation is due to Na+ influx through rapidly opening Na+channels. The inactivation of Na+ channels contributes to rapid repolarization phase. Ca2+ influx through more slowly opening Ca2+ channels produces plateau phase, and depolarization is due to net K+ efflux through multiple types of K+ channels.... | Physiology | Nervous system |
f42771ea-ad5e-44ea-b685-e308380b798a | Selective Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) is | Venlafaxine | Reboxetine | Moclobemide | Bupropion | 0a | single | (A) Venlafaxine # Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) are a class of antidepressant drugs used in the treatment of major depression and other mood disorders. They are sometimes also used to treat anxiety disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), ch... | Pharmacology | Miscellaneous (Pharmacology) |
16b4c1c5-9a5f-460b-b773-c2f47633a749 | Shortest acting B-blocker is: | Nebivolol | Carteolol | Esmolol | Timolol | 2c | single | Ans: c (Esmolol)Ref: Katzung 9 ed, Table 10.2The elimination half life of esmolol is 10 min which is the shortest.Notes on beta blockersCardioselective beta blockers are metoprolol, atenolol, bisoprolol, esmolol, betaxolol, celiprolol, nebivololPropranolol has highest degree of membrane stabilizing action.Nadolol is lo... | Pharmacology | A.N.S. |
64813c94-eb3b-4c58-88ca-db54ed7c7ee5 | Drug of choice in paracetamol overdose: March 2011 | N-acetyl cysteine | Protamine | BAL | Magnesium hydroxide gel | 0a | single | Ans. A: N-acetyl cysteine In paracetamol poisoning, depletion of hepatic and renal glutathione potentiates the toxicity whereas treatment with sulfhydryl compounds such as cysteamine, 1- methionine and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) is beneficial Acetylcysteine/ N-acetylcysteine/ N-acetyl-L-cysteine/ NAC) It is used primarily... | Pharmacology | null |
aecdb011-65f1-4111-816e-de960e52730d | Obesity is defined as if BMI is - | >20 | >50 | > 40 | >30 | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., > 30 Classification of adults according to BMIClassificationBMIRisk of comorbiditiesUnderweight<18-50Low (but risk of other clinical problems increased)Normal range18-50-24-99AverageOverweight:>25-00 Pre-obese25-00-29-99IncreasedObese class I30-00-34-99ModerateObese class II35-00-39-99SevereObese clas... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Non-Communicable Diseases |
f024ef5f-f995-40d8-b104-6561dd6b41e9 | Sudden loud sound is more likely to damage the cochlea than prolonged sounds because | Basilar fibers are sensitive to sudden sounds but adapt to prolonged sounds | A sudden sound carries more energy | Tympanic membrane becomes flaccid during prolonged loud sounds | There is a latent period before the attenuation reflex can occur | 3d | single | null | Surgery | null |
62685e47-0e29-4ba8-b45d-13c662879574 | Stop codons are | UAA | UAG | UGA | UAC | 0a | single | Terminator Codons : There are three codons which do not code for any paicular aminoacid.They ae "nonsense codons".more correctly termed as PUNCTUATOR OR TERMINATOR CODONS. They mark end of protein synthesis.These three codons are UAA,UAG,and UGA. UGA is a stop codon ,but in special circumstances,it stands for seleno-cy... | Biochemistry | Metabolism of nucleic acids |
e8162589-54ce-4f9e-826a-111705a4ad89 | Progressive multifocal leukoencephaloPathy is caused- | Epstein-barr virus | Varicella-zoster virus | Cytomegalo Virus | JC Papovavirus | 3d | single | Harrison's principles of internal medicine. *In PML oligodendrocytes have enlarged densely staining nuclei that contain viral inclusions formed by crystallinearrays of JC virus paicles. | Medicine | C.N.S |
785deab8-c847-463d-a1b1-929f2431ac86 | A 17 year old athletic girl complains of anterior knee pain on climbing stairs and on getting up after prolonged sitting, likely diagnosis | Blount's disease | Chondromalacia patella | Nail - patella syndrome | Bursitis | 1b | single | null | Orthopaedics | null |
47d6ae2c-57d6-4935-aa27-6ff98c9246ae | Cytokine with predominant anti-inflammatory action is ? | Interleukin 6 | GM-CSF | TGF-b | TNF-Alpha | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., TGF-b Proinflammatorv cytokines i) Major:- IL-1, TNF- alpha, IL-6 ii) Other:- IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-11, IL-12, IL-15, IL-21, IL-23, IFN- gamma, GM-CSF Anti-inflammatory cytokines i) IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, and transforming growth factor b (TGF-b) | Pathology | Chemical Mediators and Regulators of Inflammation |
e9a97840-5bad-4fd2-9ac2-99bcc42c0818 | In starvation, there is ketosis due to ? | Decreased acetyl CoA | Increased b-oxidation | Decreased lipolysis | Decreased fatty acid | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Increased b-oxidationStarvation is characterized by decreased insulin : glucagon ratio.This causes :?i) Increased lipolysis - More FFAs for ketogenesis.ii) Increased fi-oxidation - Increased ketogenosis.iii) Decreased oxaloacetate - Acetyl CoA is utilized in ketogenesis.Regulation of ketogenesisKetoge... | Biochemistry | null |
29c82b52-d2c9-4c5a-b43f-1475c25921e2 | Lead poisoning mostly occurs due to :- | Ingestion | Inhalation | Direct skin contact | None of the above | 1b | multi | Lead poisoning (Plumbism, Saturnism or Painter's Colic): Greatest source of lead in Lead Poisoning (Plumbism, Saturnism or Painter's Colic) is; Gasoline / petrol / vehicular exhaust / automobile exhaust. Mode of absorption: Lead can be absorbed by inhalation (MC mode), ingestion or through skin. Clinical feature- baoni... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Occupational Health |
4690f7b7-0e59-481a-80e3-e83d77cf0271 | A powerful cycloplegia is: | Atropine | Tropicomide | Phenylephrine | Homatropine | 0a | single | (Atorpine) (147-Parson 20th)* Atorpine - is the most potent and has longest duration of action (for 7 days or more)* Homatropine - are less potent. It affects lasts for 4-5 days* Tropicamide - short acting, though effective for upto 3 hours.* Phenylephrine - a selective alpha - 1 - agonist, sympathomimetics. | Ophthalmology | Drugs |
c5ece579-f5fd-4434-9977-5c8f075b87ff | Which of the following is an opsonin? | C3a | C3b | C5a | C6 | 1b | single | Ans. b. C3bRef: Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease 9th Ed; Page No-132Complement: System of hepatically synthesized plasma proteins that play a role in innate immunity and inflammation. Membrane attack complex (MAC) defends against gram [?] bacteria.Function of the ComplementC3b--opsonization.C3a, C4a, C5a-... | Pathology | Immunity |
a56a74e3-b33f-479c-8d89-fa4d457e8032 | Edema occurs when plasma protein level is below: | 8 g/Dl | 2 g/dL | 5 g/dL | 10 g/dL | 2c | single | Ans. (c) 5g/dL(Ref: Harshmohan 5th pg 97)When total plasma proteins <5gm/dl (normal 6-8gm/dl) or albumin <2.5gm/dl (normal 3.5-5gm/dl) edema takes place | Pathology | Hemodynamics |
9f7332bd-f3c0-4559-b406-15df78224a95 | Which of the following are examples of modified apouine glands | Mammary glands | Moll glands | Cerumin glands | All of the above | 3d | multi | Apocrine glands secrete the secretion by disintegration of apical portion of the cell and Mammary glands, Moll glands & cerumin glands are examples of modification of apocrine glands. | Dental | null |
2137c01b-3671-4d55-a5c6-568f2148aaa2 | Administration of which of the following drug requires therapeutic drug monitoring? | Lithium | Haloperidol | Diazepam | Acetazolamide | 0a | single | Therapeutic drug monitoring is adjustment of dose of the drug according to its plasma concentration. It is required for A Aminoglycosides (e.g. gentamicin) Drug Digitalis Possessing Phenytoin (anti-epileptics) Low Lithium Therapeutic Tricyclic antidepressants Index Immunomodulators (e.g. cyclosporine) Range of 0.8-1.2 ... | Pharmacology | Pharmacodynamics |
2e377946-5ab4-469b-b3b0-36f912002ccf | In alcohol withdrawal, drug of choice is- | TEP | Chlormethazole | Chlordiazepoxide | Buspirone | 2c | single | Benzodiazepines are the drug of choice in alcohol withdrawal. If the question asks you to chose a specific benzodiazepine, the best choice would be chlordiazepoxide. | Psychiatry | null |
6cc76bf5-087c-44df-82eb-faa78068ba8f | Erythrocyte transketolase activity is seen in which vitamin? | Riboflavin | Thiamine | Folic acid | Niacine | 1b | single | Transketolase is an enzyme of both the pentose phosphate pathway in all organisms and the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis. It catalyzes two impoant reactions, which operate in opposite directions in these two pathways. In the first reaction of the non-oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, the cofactor thiamine diphosphat... | Biochemistry | Enzymes |
900f2abb-2a53-4399-aa18-e4debed4a762 | In polygraph test 'GSR' stands for: Karnataka 11 | Guilt Score Reaction | Galvanic Skin Reaction | Galvanic Sensor Reaction | Guilt Sensitivity Reaction | 1b | single | Ans. Galvanic Skin Reaction | Forensic Medicine | null |
e5d050f5-c2f3-4151-83a9-80bda63b951f | After 5 days of a normal vaginal delivery a woman is brought to the casualty at 11 pm by her husband with history of crying, loss of appetite, difficulty in sleeping, and feeling of low self esteem. Her general physical examination is un-remarkable and there are no worrisome findings from a pelvic examination. Which of... | Blues | Manic depression | Neurosis | Psychosis | 0a | single | Postpaum Mood Disorders Post paum blues Occur within first few days and resolve by 2 weeks (50-60 %) Due to sudden loss of progesterones. Characterised by mild mood swings, irritability, anxiety, decreased concentration, insomnia , tearfullness, crying spells85% of women for a sho time in the immediate postpaum period.... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Puerperium |
f46953c0-b49a-47c0-a25d-dccc7d025434 | All of the following are true about 'Non-disjunction' EXCEPT? | It may result in Aneuploidy | It is the failure of chromosomes to separate normally during cell division | It may occur in meiosis or mitosis | It cannot cause Mosaicism | 3d | multi | Non-disjunction: failure of chromosomes to separate normally during cell division. It may occur in meiosis or mitosis. It may result in Aneuploidy. If non-disjunction occurs in one of the first few mitotic divisions, 2 or more cell lines can be observed in the same individual- 'Mosaicism' | Pediatrics | Types of Genetic Disorders |
49427d33-d14f-4597-a315-adf7c5052bb1 | Primordial prevention in coronary heart disease: | Salt restriction | BP monitoring | Exercise in high risk area | Statins | 0a | single | null | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
2960c439-8937-45fa-a83e-7d5caa87aa6f | The most common cause of tricuspid regurgitation is secondary to - | Rheumatoid hea disease | Dilatation of right ventricle | Coronary aery disease | Endocarditis due to intravenenous drug abuse | 1b | single | Tricuspid regurgitation Primary Rheumatic Endocarditis Myxomatous (TVP) Carcinoid Radiation Congenital (Ebstein's) Trauma Papillary muscle injury (post-MI) Secondary RV and tricuspid annular dilatation Multiple causes of RV enlargement(e.g., long-standing pulmonary HTN)Chronic RV apical pacing ( Harrison&;s principle o... | Medicine | C.V.S |
058bdd39-efbd-4da5-bb0a-806ca07e6b0d | A young patient has a midline, tender swelling in neck occurring after an attack of sore throat. The diagnosis is: | Acute thyroiditis | Thyroglossal cyst | Subacute thyroiditis | Toxic goiter | 2c | single | Diagnosis in this case is acute thyroiditis. Acute thyroiditis is preceded by respirstory symptoms like sore throat and in young patient. | Surgery | Thyroid |
9b4ca920-64c2-44cf-a5aa-57890447917d | Detoxification of drugs is controlled by - | Cytochrome | Cytochrome p450 | Cytochrome C | Cytochrome A | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Cytochrome p450 o Cytochrome p450 enzymes are microsomal enzymes that are involved in phase I metabolism of many drugs,o Most of the drugs are metabolized by CYP 3 A4 isoform.Drug metabolizing enzymeso The drug metabolizing enzymes are divided into two types :MicrosomalThese are located on smooth endo... | Pharmacology | Pharmacokinetics |
00c88c9f-c94a-4ea2-933a-66c6a110ba8b | Treatment of Medullary Carcinoma thyroid: | Surgery and Radiotheryapy | Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy | Surgery only | Radioiodine ablation | 2c | single | Pheochromocytoma must be operated on first.
These tumors are generally (>50%) bilateral. Total thyroidectomy is the treatment of choice for patients with MTC because of the high incidence of multicentricity, the more aggressive course, and the fact that 131I therapy usually is not effective.
Central compartment nodes f... | Surgery | null |
cda07779-bb95-4a26-ba20-525366b03439 | Most common tumour of hea is | Myxoma | Rhabdomyosarcoma | Fibroma | Leiomyosarcoma | 0a | single | Ref Harrison 19 th ed pg 1577: 289e-1 Myxomas are the most common type of primary cardiac tumor in adults, accounting for one-third to one-half of all cases at postmoem examination, and about three-quaers of the tumors treated surgically. They occur at all ages, most commonly in the third through sixth decades, with a ... | Anatomy | General anatomy |
7b1cb8a8-57c5-4ba1-b5a7-a661b52b975f | Intravenous resuscitation is needed for any child with burn greater than | 10% total body surface area | 20% total body surface area | 25% total body surface area | 35% total body surface area | 0a | single | In children with burns over 10% total body surface area and adults with burns over 15% total body surface area, consider the need for intravenous fluid resuscitation. | Microbiology | All India exam |
2af1ef0e-7fdd-4b87-9df3-e90579e922d7 | Dentition is considered delayed in cases except | rickets | hypothyroidism | malnutrition | congenital syphilis | 3d | multi | In ill-nourished children, and especially in rickets, and in hypothyroidism dentition may be delayed, while in syphilis, teeth may be premature or even present at bih. Developmentally, permanent teeth are divided into two sets : Superadded permanent teeth are those which do not have deciduous predecessors.All the perma... | Forensic Medicine | Human identification |
3578a6c3-ec28-4357-8e7f-2faa7c748d02 | Which of the following is the most reliable criteria in Gustafson's method of identification? | Attrition | Cementum apposition | Transparency of root | Root resorption | 2c | single | Gustafsons method is used in the estimation of age of an adult above 21 years depending on the physiologic age changes in each of the dental tissues. Transparency of root is the most reliable criteria among the Gustafsons method of identification. It is seen after 30years of age. Canal in the dentine is wide at first, ... | Forensic Medicine | null |
b4d25381-8264-455d-a078-419da742a828 | Blood flow to brain is not influenced by | PaC02 | P02 | Cerebral circulation | Systemic circulation | 1b | single | Carotid and aoic bodies have very high rates of blood flow. These receptors are primarily activated by a reduction in paial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), but they also respond to an increase in the paial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) That is chemo receptors regulating blood flow to brain are insensitive to PaO2 despi... | Physiology | Cardiovascular system |
70329265-ff34-4b3f-8d35-73a13a5dd884 | Rhodopsin has a peak sensitivity to light of wavelength: | 100 nm | 355 nm | 505 nm | None of the above | 2c | multi | The photosensitive pigment in the rods is called rhodopsin (visual purple). Its opsin is called scotopsin. Rhodopsin has a peak sensitivity to light at a wavelength of 505 nm. Ref: Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology 23rd edition, Chapter 12. | Ophthalmology | null |
7172f429-e213-484f-9343-077099825206 | "Safe strategy" has been developed for the control of: | Conjunctivitis | Trachoma | Refractive error | Ocular trauma | 1b | single | Ans. Trachoma | Ophthalmology | null |
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