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dc28076f-a11d-4b61-b57e-be58e3031e92 | The following chest X-ray findings are all suggestive of malignancy except: | Umbilicated surface | Spiculated surface | Peripheral cavitation | Diffuse calcification | 3d | multi | Ans. Diffuse calcification | Radiology | null |
db016802-ba3e-49d2-93fd-a70da844a568 | Severe Conjunctivitis caused by: | NeisseriA | Staphylococcus | Streptococcus | Haemophilus | 0a | single | * The most common causes of acute bacterial conjunctivitis are Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae. * Hyperacute cases are usually caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae or N. meningitidis. * Chronic cases of bacterial conjunctivitis are those lasting longer than 3 weeks, and are typica... | Ophthalmology | All India exam |
cdd20663-d937-4c67-b1dc-e7a33ee75df8 | The drug that is contraindicated in angle closure glaucoma is: | Pilocarpine | Atropine | Dorzolamide | Timolol | 1b | single | null | Pharmacology | null |
097220f4-5723-4598-b674-249ad43b9330 | Lichenisation occurs in which layer of skin- | Stratum malpighi | Stratum corneum | Stratum hucidum | Stratum granulosum | 0a | single | The Malpighian layer of the skin is generally defined as both the stratum basale and stratum spinosum as a unit, although it is occasionally defined as the stratum basale specifically,or the stratum spinosum specifically.
It is named after Marcello Malpighi | Dental | null |
c2976075-c280-4f7a-9c35-52aa03c117f4 | A girl presented with severe hyperkalemia and peaked T waves on ECC. Most rapid way to decrease serum potassium level: | Calcium gluconate IV | Oral resins | Insulin + glucose | Sodium bicarbonate | 2c | single | Ans. c. Insulin + glucose Administering insulin and glucose are the most rapid way to decrease serum potassium level."Intravenous insulin is the fastest way to lower serum potassium levels.""Intravenous calcium gluconate is the first drug to he administered in a patient with hyperkalemia having ECG abnormalities. It st... | Medicine | Fluid & Electrolyte |
5a93635f-ff06-47e1-81f7-fa4a824788a0 | Rib ossification center first appears in which rib ? | 1st | 12th | 6th | 3rd | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., 6thEach rib (except for 11th& 12th) is ossified from four centres :-One primary centre-->for bodyThree epiphyseal (secondary )centres for :-HeadAicular pa of tubercleNon aicular pa of tubercleOssification begins near the angle toward the end of 2" month (around 8th week) of fetal life, and is seen fir... | Anatomy | null |
d45d986b-d97e-410c-84ef-4d920fa32981 | Pterygium is | An inflammatory response | A connective tissue disorder | An infection | Assosciated with vitamin A deficiency | 0a | single | Pterygium is subconjuctival fibrobasvular growth encroaching on the cornea REF:Refer Khurana 6th edition page number 87 | Ophthalmology | Conjunctiva |
37ec99e5-a66a-41b1-b369-b030213e8373 | True about streptococcus are all except | Group C causes no human infection | Classification by lancefield based on carbohydrate antigen | Group B causes neonatal meningitis | Group B lives in female genital tract | 0a | multi | Group C streptococci are predominantly animal pathogens. Group C strains isolated from human sources usually belong to the streptococcus equisimilis species. It can cause upper respiratory infection, as well as deep infections such as endocarditis, osteomyelitis, brain abscess and pneumoniae and puerperal sepsis in hum... | Microbiology | Bacteriology |
8bcf0fdf-3d4e-4290-bb36-4623e99fa2b3 | Neomycin is used in which of the following vaccines to prevent bacterial contamination? | OPV and BCG | MMR and IPV | DPT and HPV | Hib and HPV | 1b | single | MMR vaccine and IPV each contains less than 25 mg of neomycin per dose . Persons who are known to be allergic to neomycin should be closely observed after vaccination so that any allergic reaction can be treated at once. | Social & Preventive Medicine | Impoant facts in Immunization, Newer Vaccines |
dcec91f9-8526-4102-be0d-4e436594a7d5 | Ectopic mucosa of Meckel's diverticulum is diagnosed by: | Tc-99 radionuclide scan | Angiography | CT | Endoscopy | 0a | single | Ans. (a) Tc-99 radionuclide scanRef: Sabiston 19th edition, Pages 1268-1270* Tc99m radionuclide scan is based on the presence of ectopic gastric mucosa.* The sensitivity of the scan can be increased by giving glucagon, pentagastrin or cimetidine. | Surgery | Small & Large Intestine |
3f42473c-25cf-4e99-8524-0d01f0340008 | Vaginal changes in normal pregnancy show: | High pH | Increased lactobacilli | Increased anaerobic bacteria | Decrease in glycogen contents | 1b | single | The considerably increased volume of cervical secretions within the vagina during pregnancy consists of a somewhat thick, white discharge. The pH is acidic, varying from 3.5 to 6. This results from increased production of lactic acid from glycogen in the vaginal epithelium by the action of Lactobacillus acidophilus. Th... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Diagnosis of Pregnancy |
d972ffa1-7f7f-4268-8d01-6781e006a3fd | Best specimen for rabies diagnosis in living person: | Corneal smear | CSF | Biopsy of hair follicle of neck | Brain biopsy | 2c | single | o Biopsy of hair follicle of base of neck is more sensitive and considered as the best sample for direct florescent antibody (DFA) test done for antemoem diagnosis of Rabies. o Corneal smears, biopsy from hair follicle from the nape of the neck, and saliva are the used specimens for antemoem diagnosis of rabies. o Corn... | Microbiology | Virology Pa-2 (RNA Virus Pa-1,2 & Miscellaneous Viruses) |
08321f52-cd4c-43c7-abc7-64395b6d510e | The light brown perinuclear pigment seen on H & Estaining of the cardiac muscle fibres in the grosslynormal appearing hea of an 83 year old man atautopsy is due to deposition os: | Hemosiderin | Lipochrome | Cholesterol metabolite | Anthracotic pigment | 1b | single | . Lipochrome | Pathology | null |
4adfc130-ff67-4d72-b4d3-94d0f5cc6f71 | Cephalic Index of 80-85 is seen in: | Mongols | Chinese | European | Negroid | 0a | single | Ans: A (Mongols) Ref: The Essentials of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology by KS Narayan Reddy. 29th edition. 2010. Pg: 54Explanation:Cephalic Index =Maximum breadth of skull Maximum length of skttllx 100The length and breadth are measured by calipers between both parietal eminences, between glabella and external occipit... | Forensic Medicine | Misc. |
cbe8b459-49ad-407a-826d-b7b7d2094121 | The infective agent causing atherosclerosis - | M. pneumoniae | C. Pneumoniae | H influenza | C. Diptheriae | 1b | single | Seroepidemiological studies suggest an association between several microbes and coronary heart disease.
Microbes or their structural components are found in atherosclerotic plaques, but the only intact microbes commonly present are herpes viruses and Chlamydia pneumoniae.
These agents are able to initiate and accelerat... | Pathology | null |
f3ea9f5b-aa86-49c4-83b5-76f1d05255fa | True about typhoid is - | Incubation period 3-6 weeks | Chronic carrier is 10-15% | Widal test is specific | Vi polysaccharide of bacterial cell used for vaccination | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Vi polysaccharide of bacterial cell used for vaccination | Microbiology | null |
88bf7720-f0d7-4def-805c-4642375baa7f | Fascia covering the rectus abdominis muscle is- | Rectus Sheath | Peritoneum | Scarpa's Fascia | Buck's Fascia | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Rectus sheath Rectus sheath* It is an aponeurotic sheath enclosing rectus abdominis muscle formed by aponeuroses of the three flat abdominal muscles. Rectus sheath has two walls - (i) anterior and (ii) posterior.* Anterior wall is complete and its composition is variable as follows -i) Above costal ma... | Anatomy | Abdomen & Pelvis |
cdb43e64-3f04-4347-a2b2-136ab06413a0 | Not a teratogen is: | Alcohol | Warfarin | Metocloperamide | Phenytoin | 2c | single | Metocloperamide | Pharmacology | null |
5c61d8c1-41c2-4135-8502-6d42eb0bb548 | A capillary that connects metaeriole directly with a venule is called as: | Windkessel vessel | Resistance vessel | Exchange vessel | Thoroughfare vessel | 3d | multi | 'Thoroughfare' means a channel or a road that connects two major roads. A.V. anastomosis is called as thoroughfare vessel. Windkessel vessels ~ aoa and large aeries Resistance vessels ~ aerioles Exchange vessels ~ capillaries | Physiology | Circulation |
6984d31f-6697-45fe-aad7-66f80cbe04f5 | Vitamin D is not found in sufficient quantities in: March 2012 | Fish fat | Egg | Halibut liver oil | Milk | 3d | single | Ans: D i.e. Milk Foodstuff and vitamin-D content Fish fat contains 5-30 microgram/100 gram of vitamin D Egg contains 1.25-1.5 microgram/100 gram of vitamin D Halibut liver oil contains 500-10,000 microgram/100 gram of vitamin D Milk has 0.1 microgram/100 gram | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
0dce927a-4eee-47d4-9fa2-13c693200277 | A patient with sulphur granules discharging from sinus, suggestive of infection with - | Staphylococcus | H ducryei | Mycetoma | Sporotrichosis | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Mycetoma o Mycetoma are chronic, slowly progressive infections of the subcutaneous tissue usually of the foot caused by a number of Actinomycetes and filamentous fungi.o The disease usually begins as a small subcutaneous swelling of the foot, which enlarges, burrowing into deeper tissues and tracking ... | Microbiology | Actinomycetes |
01eb8d64-6a8a-4d8b-b2f1-35f40ab21e5e | Acoustic neuroma causes - | Cochlear deafness | Retrocochlear deafness | Conductive deafness | None of the above | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Retrocochlear deafness o The clinical features depend on the extent of tumor and involved structureWhen tumor is still confined to the internal auditory canalCochleovestibular symptoms are the earliest symptoms of acoustic neuroma when tumour is still confined to internal auditory canal. The commonest... | ENT | Ear |
2a2a38e5-6a0c-49df-a9eb-9cdc75a3d5a5 | Aplastic anaemia is: | Normocytic normochromic with thrombocytopenia | Megaloblasts | Hypochromic microcytic | Hyperchromic macrocytic | 0a | single | null | Medicine | null |
91dd97ae-95ed-4c64-ab7a-47f1dab7a522 | Acalculous cholecystitis is caused by all except | DM | TPN | Leptospirosis | Estrogen therapy | 3d | multi | Causes of Acalculous cholecystitis Common causes Elderly and critically ill patients after trauma Burns Longterm TPN Major operations(Abdominal aneurysm repair and cardiopulmonary bypass) Diabetes mellitus Uncommon causes Vasculitis Obstructing GB adenocarcinoma GB torsion Parasitic infestation Unusual bacterial infect... | Anatomy | G.I.T |
433f73cc-9b6f-45bf-9b5a-4c7596801e9a | Smoking has which effect on Uterine leiomyoma formation | Higher risk of fibroid uterus | Lowers risk of leiomyoma formation | No change compared to general population | Higher risk of fibroid uterus in postmenopausal women | 1b | single | Smoking alters estrogen metabolism and lowers physiologically active serum estrogen levels. This explains lower risk of leiomyoma formation in smokers. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
1efba6b4-4bd3-4a2e-ba6d-581ca895b92f | All except one are deformities associated with Leprosy | Claw hand | Lag ophthalmos | Clutton's joint | Foot drop | 2c | multi | Clutton's joints are associated with syphilis. | Surgery | null |
e84da0a4-bd04-4ffb-8058-c007300e2d4a | True statement regarding poal venous system is? | Valves are present at the junction of superior mesenteric aery and splenic aery | Whole system is valve less | Valves are present in the intrahepatic system | There are about 10-12 valves along the entire course | 1b | multi | Whole system is valve less REF: BDC 4th edition vol II p. 268-71, Gray's Anatomy 39th edition p. 1218 In adults, the poal vein and its tributaries have no valves. In fetal life and for a sho postnatal period valves are d emonstrable in its tributaries, but they usually atrophy. Rarely some persist in an atrophic form i... | Anatomy | null |
125a5c28-0945-4a22-9152-e6896a946042 | Coicosteroid of choice in Acute Adrenal Insufficiency is? | Fludrocoisone | Hydrocoisone | Dexamethasone | Prednisolone | 1b | single | Hydrocoisone REr: Katzung 9th edition page 648, KDT 6th edition page 283 "Acute Adrenal Insufficiency: Hydrocoisone sodium succinate 100 mg IV every 8 hourly is REF: Katzung given until the patient is stable" "In Acute adrenal insufficiency, Hydrocoisone or Dexamethasone are given IV first as bolus & then as infusion" | Pharmacology | null |
0fa55b2f-8e02-4b2f-9e8b-713ef51a153e | Lovibond profile sign is seen in - | Koilonychias | Platynochia | Clubbing | Onycholysis | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Clubbing "Clinical indicators of clubbing are Lovibond profile sign and curth s modified profile sign"o Lovibond angle is the angle located at the junction between the nail plate and proximal nail fold. It is normally less than 160deg. In clubbing, the angle exceeds 180deg (Lovibond profile sign). | Skin | General |
19691302-4a51-48aa-b9f6-de497145ada9 | Transthoracic compliance formula | C = Vt x RR /PEEP | C= V/Alv p - atmospheric pressure | C = Vt/Pplt - PEEP | C = Vt/Pk - Pplt | 1b | single | Transthoracic pressure Transthoracic compliance : Alveolar pressure - Atmospheric pressure | Physiology | JIPMER 2018 |
a0109084-84e2-4edf-8ef0-d964ab3211af | Example for radiation induced cancer is: | Papillary carcinoma thyroid | Follicular carcinoma thyroid | Lymphoma | Hepatoma | 0a | single | Ans: a | Surgery | Neoplasia |
dbf62a2f-4d87-41b7-bb98-22c7d3ca8aa6 | Which of the following is not true about intrinsic renal failure in case of ischemic ATN? | Specific gravity < 1.015 | FENa < 1 | Urine sodium > 20 mmol/L | Urine creatinine to plasma creatinine ratio < 20 | 2c | multi | Ans. c. Urine sodium > 20 mmol/L. (Ref H-18th/Table 44-2) Index Prerenal Azotemia *(lschemic ATN)Oliguric Acute Renal FailureBUN/PCr Ratio>20:110-15:1Urine sodium (UNa), mEq/L<20>40Urine osmolality, mOsm/L H2o>500<350Fractional excretion of sodium<1%>2%FENa=UN, x PCr x 100---------PNa,x UCr Urine/plasma creatinine (UCr... | Medicine | Kidney |
f7b98d5c-d1b6-4655-9578-e469f14ca54f | A patient presents with respiratory distress, hypotension and dilated bulging neck veins after chest trauma, most likely cause is- | Hemothorax | Tension Pneumothorax | Cardiac tamponade | Flail chest | 1b | single | null | Medicine | null |
d9a64f03-506c-4db6-8009-a0df4fda2e35 | Commonest complication of Pseudocyst of the pancreas is | Commonest into peritoneum | Rupture into colon | Hemorrhage | Infection | 3d | single | .Complications of pseudocyst--* Rupture--3% - into bowel or peritoneum * Infection, commonest--20% * Bleeding from the splenic vessels--7% * Cholangitis * Duodenal obstruction * Poal/splenic vein thrombosis and segmental poal hypeension * Cholestasis due to CBD block ref:SRB&;S manual of surgery,ed 3,pg no 623 | Surgery | G.I.T |
e56f79d1-0c58-4513-b896-02b40f2c0489 | In typical hanging, knot is placed at: FMGE 09 | Occiput | Chin | Left side of mandible | Right side of mandible | 0a | single | Ans. Occiput | Forensic Medicine | null |
57d8221f-10ba-4f79-94f8-eb4a1e616f9e | All included in WHO criteria for water quality except | Hardness of water below 3000 mg/l | Lead below 0.01 mg/l | Nitrates <3 mg/l | Zero infections micro - organisms | 2c | multi | Nitrates < 45 mg/l
Nitrites <3 mg /l | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
4e4656f0-0a43-455a-9c67-3826105480b1 | In the second stage of anaesthesia the pupil is – | Constricted | Partially dilated | Normal in size | Totally dilated | 1b | multi | Stage 1 → Pupil size normal
Stage 2 → Partially dilated
Stage 3 → Plane 1 → normal size, Plane 2 → 1/2 dilated, Plane 3 → 3/4 dilated, Plane 4 → fully dilated.
Stage 4 → Fully dilated & fixed | Anaesthesia | null |
e535b8db-cc8d-492d-ac13-c146712b3d17 | In the WHO Oral Health Assessment form (1997) the following index criteria are used to record the dentofacial anomalies | Dental Aesthetic index | Treatment priority index | Handicapping malocclusion assessment record | Index of Orthodontic treatment needs | 0a | single | null | Dental | null |
edf61cf7-9105-4d72-9be9-e877e2554aae | Sexual intercourse by a human being with a lower animalis- | Bestiality | Cunnilingus | Tribadism | Sin ofgomorrah | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Bestiality o Section 377 IPC defines unnatural sexual offences as sexual intercourse against the order of nature with any man, woman or animal and lays down punishment for the same. These offences are sodomy, buccal coitus, tribadism (lesbianism), and bestiality'.Sodomyo Sodomy is sexual intercourse t... | Forensic Medicine | Sexual Offenses and Dowry Death |
0c4a8fcb-5245-4d3d-bdc8-c6c35987ac3d | All the following antimicrobial agents are used topically except - | Clotrimazole | Griseofulvin | Nystatin | Miconazole | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Griseofulvin o Griseofulvin is used systemically for dermatophytosis. It is ineffective topically. | Pharmacology | null |
d52ad08d-cd20-4660-8f59-355e55935475 | A 32-year-old man is admitted to the emergency department after an injury to his foot while playing football with his college friends. An MRI examination reveals multiple tendinous tears. Which of the following bones is associated with the muscle tears? | Navicular | Cuboid | Calcaneus | Sustentaculum tali | 2c | multi | (c) Source: GAS 601, 603, 604, 607, 608; GA 7, 273, 310-312, 314The bone to which the injured ligament attaches is the calcaneus. The navicular bone, located medially in the foot, articulates posteriorly with the head of the talus and anteriorly with the cuneiform bones. The cuboid bone of the lateral longitudinal arch... | Anatomy | Lower Extremity |
2d18b51c-6e0a-4077-8922-49079ec795ee | The widest transverse diameter of the fetal skull is : | Biparietal diameter | Occipito-frontal diameter | Bitemporal diameter | Suboccipito-frontal diameter | 0a | single | Transverse diameters of fetal skull in mechanism of labor are: Biparietal diameter: 9.5cm Super-subparietal: 8.5cm Bitemporal: 8cm Bimastoid: 7.5cm Reference: D C Dutta Textbook of Obstetrics 7th edition,page 85 | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | General obstetrics |
f83dc66b-d16f-4e42-bf03-c0c236e5297b | A patient on ATT develops tinnitus and hearing loss due to: | Isoniazid | Pyrazinamide | Streptomycin | Rifampicin | 2c | single | (c) Streptomycin(Ref. Cummings, 6th ed., 2371)Streptomycin is predominantly vestibulotoxic. In very high doses they can affect the cochlear system also, leading to hearing loss and tinnitus. | ENT | Miscellaneous Ear |
8bbc39bf-3ec5-4926-836e-7c3bd0eee195 | Tryptophan is: | Non polar, essential and pure glucogenic | Polar, essential and both glucogenic & ketogenic | Polar, non-essential, both glucogenic & ketogenic | Non polar, essential, both glucogenic & ketogenic | 3d | multi | Ans. D. Non polar, essential, both glucogenic & ketogenicTryptophan is a non-polar, heterocyclic amino acid. It acts as glucogenic as well as ketogenic amino acid. It is an essential amino acid as it helps in the formation of Niacin (active form NAD) and serotonin and melatonin. | Biochemistry | Proteins and Amino Acids |
f4819d6d-5315-4585-aa76-eb42131321e5 | True about actinomyces is - | Gram +ve | Most common site is brain | Tetracycline is drug of choice | Portal of entry is inhalation | 0a | multi | null | Microbiology | null |
222a77a3-4dc6-4552-af53-d54d7ba75585 | The sho retroviral regime administration in the peripaum period decreases the risk of veical transmission by: | 30% | 50% | 65% | 75% | 1b | single | Shoer, more practical regimens staing later in pregnancy have been shown to reduce peripaum transmission by 40-50%. Ref: Aicle: Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV: Challenges for The Current Decade, 2001, Marie-Louise Newell1 ; Textbook of Obstetrics By Dutta, 6th Edition, Pages 300-302 ; Williams Obstet... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
426b7d85-874b-41c2-9583-fc77178061a5 | Mannitol infusion causes increase in | Blood viscosity | Osmolarity | Intra-ocular tension | Intercranial tension | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Omolarity | Medicine | null |
c946ae48-b90f-4997-944c-2fb488ace3ee | Most malignant type of pustular psoriasis is ? | Palmo - planter pustolosis | Acrodermatitis continua | Pustular bacterids | Von Zumbusch type | 3d | single | Ans. is'd'i.e., Von Zumbusch typeVon Zumbusch type of pustular psoriasis is the suddenly developing most serious type, characterized by severe systemic upset, swinging pyrexia, ahralgia and high polymorphonuclear lymphocytes.The skin first becomes erythrodermic and then develops sheets of sterile pustules over trunk an... | Skin | null |
007f398a-8cad-41ad-a29e-48c0c33b5b96 | French osteotomy is used in treatment of ? | Cubitus varus | Cubitus valgus | Coxa vara | Coxa valga | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Cubitus varus Cubitus yarns Cubitus varus, also known as a "gunstock deformity", is the most common complication of supracondylar fracture humerus, due to malunion. It is called gunstock because the deformity resembles a rifle gunstock. The three static deformities of cubitus varus are (all with respe... | Surgery | null |
5f150bd8-3d1d-447d-8130-b0b8283a2573 | Topical steroids can be used in - | Herpetic keratitis | Herpetic dendritic keratitis | Disciform keratitis | Anti. uveitis | 2c | single | Options not relevant (Delete) | Ophthalmology | Miscellaneous |
8cf9d2f7-7721-4168-b28e-42453c4f62cc | The oxygen hemoglobin dissociation curve is sigmoid because: | Binding of one oxygen molecule increases the affinity of binding other 0, molecules | Binding of one oxygen molecule decrease the affinity of binding other 02 molecules | Oxygen affinity of Hemoglobin decreases when the pH of blood falls | Binding of oxygen to hemoglobin reduces the affinity of Hb for CO2 | 0a | multi | A i.e. Binding of one oxygen molecule increases the affinity of binding other 0, molecule | Physiology | null |
b9470da9-7f71-4ba7-a961-99e0fd6977ea | Expansile lytic osseous metastases are characteristics of primary malignancy of - | Kidney | Bronchus | Breast | Prostate | 0a | single | Renal (kidney) carcinoma → Osteolytic bone metastasis.
Breast and lung (bronchus) → Mixed osteolytic - Osteoblastic
Prostate carcinoma → Osteoblastic metastasis | Orthopaedics | null |
191fb192-1ae6-4979-b878-4837407c09c4 | Hydrocoisone acts as an anti-inflammatory agent because of induction of the synthesis of which of the following protein? | Heat shock protein 90 | Inhibin | Transcoin | Lipocoin | 3d | single | (Ref: KDT 6/e p279) Coicosteroids induce the synthesis of lipocoins that inhibit the enzyme phospholipase A2. | Anatomy | Other topics and Adverse effects |
441177ed-6081-433f-8c91-d9bdec29cddd | A 16-year-old boy was found to have a grade 2 ejection systolic murmur along the left sternal border, which decreased with squatting and increased with sudden standing. An ECG shows left ventricular hyperophy . His cousin brother died at the age of 20 years while playing hockey due to some hea disease. What is the reco... | Only non contact competitive spos is allowed | Paicipation in competitive spos is not allowed | Non contact competitive spos with beta-blocker therapy is allowed | High-intensity competitive spos are acceptable with beta-blocker therapy | 1b | multi | This examination findings, ECG findings and family history are consistent with hyperophic cardiomyopathy. Diagnosis is typically done by echocardiogram. For people with HCM who don't have symptoms, Lifestyle changes and medications for conditions that may contribute to cardiovascular disease are recommended. Current re... | Medicine | Disease of pericardium |
e1fdecec-a609-41b2-abf2-43f185f3aa21 | A three years old boy presents with the poor urinary stream. Most likely cause is | Stricture urethra | Neurogenic bladder | Urethral calculus | Posterior urethral valve | 3d | single | Poor urinary stream in 3 years old boy suggests urinary tract obstruction (usually intravesical) and the most common cause of obstructive uropathy in a male child is posterior urethral valve. Posterior urethral valve These are symmetrical folds of urothelium extending distally from prostatic urethra to external urinary... | Anatomy | Urology |
622609e4-6166-4c87-8a0a-d4d328da14ed | Parkland formula is: (Repeat) | %of burn area*body wt*4 | %of burn area*body wt / 4 | %of burn area*body surface area*4 | %of burn area*body surface area / 4 | 0a | single | Ans: A (% of burn area* body wt*4) Ref: Nelson's Textbook of Pediatrics. 19th EditionExplanation:Parkland's FormulaTotal percentage body surface area x weight (kg) x 4 = volume (ml)Half this volume is given in the first 8 hours, and the second half is given in the next 16 hours | Pediatrics | Fluid and Electrolyte Treatment of Specific Disorders |
3e52418a-58e4-4e17-82e0-e66461a4f8bf | Immunization is - | Primary prevention | Secondary prevention | Teiary prevention | Disability limitation | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Primary prevention Immunization is a specific protection type of primary prevention | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
5e69c63e-c825-4be9-83f5-1d1375518a09 | Yoyo reflux - | Duplication of ureter | Polycystic Kidney | Mellutary sponge Kidney | Pseudo kidney | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Duplication of ureter * Reflux of the urine from one limb of the collecting system to the other limb, rather than down towards the bladder is called yo-yo reflux (saddle reflux)* Cause: Duplication of ureters, partial duplication of ureters, duplicate renal pelvis* Another explanation of yo-yo reflux ... | Surgery | Urinary Tract |
c63c23e0-1f7a-4a27-82d2-15f785849045 | In a study in UK, an association was found between sale of antiarrythmic drug and an increase in deaths due to asthma. This is an example of | Ecological study | Coho study | Case reference study | Experimental study | 0a | single | Ecological study [Ref: Park, 21/e p59 (19/e, p58) www.ucel.ac.uk.rlos/specs/rlo_observational_study.doc; Repeat Nov 10 & Nov 06 This is an example of ecological study. An ecological study is a type of Observational study where information is collected on a group (or population) rather than on individual members and the... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
9b56a31a-832f-4c1c-a3a2-45daf061f9e0 | Which of the following is not a non-sedating antiallergic drug? | Cetrizine | Astemizole | Terfenadine | Triprolidine | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Triprolidine o Second generation antihistaminics have no CNS depressant action (sedation, diminished aleness) o Cetrizine, astemizole and terfenadine are second generation antihistaminics. o Triprolidine is first generation antihistaminic with mild sedative propey. | Pharmacology | null |
657db969-6361-4a18-847a-a8a9cbbffac7 | A young patient presents to the emergency depament with fever and right upper quadrant pain Clinical examination reveals obvious hepatomegaly but there is no jaundice. Ultrasound reveals a solitary, homogeneous, hypoechoic lesion in the right lobe measuring 5 cm 5 cm 4 cm. Test for hydatid disease were negative. Which ... | Multiple Aspirations and antiamoebies/antibiotics | Catheter drainage and antiamoebics/ antibiotics | Antiamoebics/ antibiotics alone | Hepatectomy followed by antiamobics/ antibiotics | 2c | single | Amoebic liver abscess The abscess is usually found in the right hepatic lobe. There may not be associated diarrhoea. Early symptoms may be only local discomfo and malaise; later, a swinging temperature and sweating may develop, usually without marked systemic symptoms or signs. An enlarged, tender liver, cough and pain... | Medicine | G.I.T |
c55da64a-fc8a-4dd2-84c8-62ce486bd006 | Normal curve - | Distribution of data is symmetrical | Mean > Mode | Mode > Mean | Median > Mean | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Distribution of data is symmetrical Standard normal curveo It is also known as bell curve or Gaussian distribution.o The shape of the curve is like a bell - bell shaped curve.o The data are distributed symmetrically on either side of a central value.o Normal distribution curve looks symmetrical in the... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Measures of Central Tendency and Distribution |
adb86714-b275-4cbb-8d6e-7597ed6082ac | Natural habitat of Schistosoma (blood flukes) - | Veins of the urinary bladder | Poal & pelvic veins | Vesical plexuses | All of the above | 3d | multi | The adult worm of S.haematobium live primarily in the vesical and pelvic venous plexuses where as S.japonicum and S.mansoni inhabit superior mesentric vein and inferior mesentric vein respectively (refer pgno:119 baveja 3 rd edition) | Microbiology | parasitology |
610bc09a-c6ea-438c-8b09-e1c47268b8ca | Biochemical oxygen demand is determined by | Oranic matter and bacteria | Oxygen content | Alage content in water | Agriculture fertiliser content in water. | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' . Organic matter & Bacteria. "The strength of sewage is expressed in terms ofBiochemical oxygen demandChemical oxygen demandsSuspended solids demand""Biochemical Oxygen demand -It is the most important test done on sewage. It is defined as the amount of oxygen absorbed by a sample of sewage during a specifi... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Environment and Health |
9d143417-04d9-4920-a5dd-279021c1f14d | A 70-year-old woman with a history of ovarian cancer presents with diarrhea. She completed radiation therapy for her cancer 3 months ago. Physical examination shows cachexia, hyperactive bowel sounds, and generalized pallor. The stools are found to contain blood. A CBC shows decreased hemoglobin (7.8 g/dL) and decrease... | Angiodysplasia | Hemorrhoids | Ischemic colitis | Radiation enterocolitis | 3d | multi | Radiation therapy for malignant disease of the pelvis or abdomen may be complicated by injury to the small intestine and colon. Clinically significant radiation enterocolitis is most common in the rectum. The lesions produced by radiation therapy range from a reversible injury of the intestinal mucosa to chronic inflam... | Pathology | G.I.T. |
1c99da63-ee0d-4f6e-b3eb-0c6619f5e2e5 | True about this condition is | Hamaoma of naevo-melanocytes | Increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma | Limited to dermis | Regress completely by 7 years | 0a | multi | This is Giant congenital pigmented naevus (GCPN) or giant hairy naevusIt is a hamaoma of naevo-melanocytes that has a tendency to dermatomal distribution. It has a similar histology to compound naevi, but the naevus cells are distributed variably from the epidermis throughout all layers and into the subdermal fat and m... | Surgery | All India exam |
874f60ee-9d6a-4627-a5d7-ffbff2d7c17f | Which is more in stimulated saliva as compared to unstimulated saliva? | CI | K | Hydrogen | HCO3 | 3d | single | null | Dental | null |
fee02473-9280-429f-b163-36f45b69abd8 | All of the following features can differentiate between ventricular tachycardia and supraventricular tachycardia EXCEPT | QRs < 0.14 seconds | Ventricular rate > 160/min | Variable first heart sound | Relieved by carotid sinus massage | 1b | multi | null | Medicine | null |
7e781772-cf1c-499e-89db-dabf87b37976 | Putrefaction is facilitated by following except: | Very high temp | Free air | Damp environment | Shallow grave | 0a | multi | A i.e. Very high temperature - In females ovaries & non gravid uterusQ; and in males prostate & testisQ putrify very late only preceeded by skin, muscle, tendon & bone which are last organ to putrify. (in the same order) - Due to involution of gases, the liver becomes spongy in W. putrefaction and it is k/a Foamy or Sw... | Forensic Medicine | null |
948415d8-b3ac-4019-9d32-2fdbbbee2f9c | Chief Judicial Magistrate can sentence a guilty for imprisonment upto: DNB 09 | 3 years | B. 5 years | 7 years | Life imprisonment | 2c | single | Ans. 7 years | Forensic Medicine | null |
cc06c2f4-a244-47a4-9c4d-c87528ab7238 | Most common orbital tumor in children- | Rhabdomyosarcoma | Retinoblastoma | Melanoma | Chloroma | 0a | single | Malignant tumor arise from pleuripotent mesenchymal cells , seen in childrens below 15yrs of age and common in adults Ref : ak khurana 6th edition | Ophthalmology | Tumors |
1ef7ab8a-6e8f-44f7-9092-84805b181c70 | The greater omentum is derived from which of the following embryonic structures? | Dorsal mesoduodenum | Dorsal mesogastrium | Pericardioperitoneal canal | Pleuropericardial membranes | 1b | single | Both the omental bursa and the greater omentum are derived from the dorsal mesogastrium, which is the mesentery of the stomach region.Must know:The dorsal mesoduodenum is the mesentery of the developing duodenum, which later disappears so that the duodenum and pancreas come to lie retroperitoneally.The pericardioperito... | Anatomy | null |
a9878e71-d4f6-4ef4-98ef-7da0dab512b3 | SA node is the pacemaker, under normal conditions, due to which of the following:- | Slow depolarization, slow repolarization | Rapid depolarization, rapid repolarization | Slow depolarization, early repolarization | Rapid depolarization, delayed repolarization | 2c | single | SA node acts as pacemaker because of slow & spontaneous depolarization (due to slow influx of Na (If) causing || in prepotential). Repolarisation is rapid - due to RAPID EFFLUX OF K+ Automaticity is also provided by AV node but recovery after every impulse is fastest in SA node. Every pa of the hea has its own rhythmic... | Physiology | Conducting System of Hea |
fe3a6679-0e3d-4257-87a2-0e547b1b9eac | % of HbF in a 6 month old infant is – | 10 | 30 | 50 | 60 | 0a | single | By 6-12 months, only a trace is present.
Amongs the given options, 10% is the minimum and therefore the best answer. | Pediatrics | null |
3a4f356a-4dd7-4b3d-8868-70d7228e01d2 | The genes involved in CA stomach are all except | Supression of p53 gene | C-kit mutation | APC gene | k-ras mutation | 1b | multi | Ans. is B C-kit mutationRisk factors for gastric carcinomaA) Environmental factors : H. Pylori infection, dietary factors (nitrites/nitrate, smoked and salted foods, lack of fresh fruits/vegetables, deficiency of vitamin C & E), cigarette smoking, and low socioeconomic status.B) Host factors : Chronic gastritis (causin... | Unknown | null |
95b42008-0fd4-46bc-87e8-0a11a6990b96 | An elderly man presents with h/o abdomianl pain. He is found to have a fusiform dilatation of the descending aoa. Likely cause is: | Trauma | Atherosclerosis | Right ventricular failure | Syphilitic aoitis | 1b | single | The is a case, of a symptomatic aneurysm suggested by pain as well as a fusiform dilatation of the aoa. 95% of the abdominal aneurysms are due to atherosclerosis. Ref: Bailey and Love's Sho Practice of Surgery, 25th Edition, Page 918 and 23rd Edition, Page 727. | Surgery | null |
fe51e945-98ba-4420-a273-d6299a243060 | Nucleus pulposis is derived from: | Neural crest | Notochord | Sclerotome | None of the above | 1b | multi | The nucleus pulposus is the sole remnant of the embryonic notochord, the initial longitudinal skeletal axis of the body. The developing bodies and interveebral discs of the veebral column replace the notochord. NOTOCHORD: The notochordal plate becomes the centrally placed notochord, which acts as a foundation around wh... | Anatomy | null |
6482455c-a872-40d4-873b-ed75354cd0a1 | Which of the following antibodies correlates with disease activity for S.L.E - | Anti Smith antibody | Anti dS DNA antibody | Anti Histone antibody | Anti Rho | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Anti-ds DNA antibody Autoantibodies in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)AntibodyPrevalence%Antigen RecognizedClinical Utilityo Antinuclear antibodies98Multiple nuclearBest screening test; repeated negative tests make SLE unlikelyo Anti-dsDNA70DNA (double-stranded)High titers are SLE-specific and in s... | Medicine | SLE |
0f24b40a-a058-4f23-8cf5-2b95104b0bb9 | Vitamin B12 is given in severe anemia via which route: | I/M | IV | Oral | All of the above | 0a | multi | Ans. (a) I/MRef. KDT 6th ed. / 588B VITAMIN B12* Present in two forms: cyanocobalamin and hydroxocobalamin.* Dietary sources: liver, kidney, sea fish, egg yolk, meat and cheese.* Only vegetable source: Legumes (pulses)* Daily requirement: 1-2 mg/day. In cases of pregnancy and lactation: 3-5 mg/day.Manifestation of Defi... | Pharmacology | Vitamin |
319ef090-99aa-4ea0-9aee-9d81af03dc44 | Dose of local anesthesia for spinal is/are? | Lignocaine -1% | Lignocaine - 2.5% | Lignocaine - 5% | Bupivacaine - 0.5% | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Lignocaine - 5%oDose of lignocaine for spinal anesthesia is 5% solution diluted in 7.5% dextroseoBupivacaine dose for spinal anesthesia is 0.75% solution diluted in 8.25% dextroseLocal Anesthetic Dosing for Spinal Anesthesia Suggested Dose (mg)Duration of Effect (Minutes)AnesthaticUsual ConcentrationL... | Anaesthesia | Local and Regional Anesthesia |
31e09aeb-35b3-46c5-81b3-0fd5962f869d | A 55 year old man who has been on bed rest for the past 10 days, complains of breathlessness and chest pain. The chest X-ray is normal. The next investigation should be: | Lung ventilation-perfusion scan | Pulmonary aeriography | Pulmonary venous angiography | Echocardiography | 0a | single | Answer is A (Lung perfusion -- ventilation scan): The clinical picture depicted in the question is suggestive of a case of pulmonary thromboembolism. As the patient has a high clinical likelihood, the first investigation should be a non invasive imaging modality in accordance with the diagnostic strategy for PTE outlin... | Medicine | null |
ead3ccee-691e-4c1b-94c5-5e06ec8797bc | Electron beam therapy is used for which tumor ? | Renal carcinoma | Kaposi sarcoma | Hepatic carcinoma | AML | 1b | single | Ans. is'b'i.e., Kaposi sarcomaElectron-beam radiation therapy is the most common modality employed for the treatment of localized KS. | Radiology | null |
37d1d11d-ea2f-4893-b84b-c33c1bab7473 | The probable source of relaxin is : | Ovary | Adrenal coex | Liver | Baholins gland | 3d | single | Relaxin is a peptide hormone. deg It is produced by the ovarydeg to be specific by the corpus luteum of pregnancydeg If corpus luteum is in options, it should be the answer of choice. It has also been identified in : - placentadeg - deciduadeg - choriondeg It is not detected i 11-11 -Os lel s -es, t women.deg Levels of... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
ab9d25c6-0c5b-4305-bcda-0f80cc12ab06 | Post operative abscess treatment of choice | Hydration | IV antibiotics | Image guided aspiration | Reexploration | 2c | single | Localised infection An abscess may present with persistent abdominal pain, focal tenderness and a spiking fever. The patient may have a prolonged ileus. If the abscess is deep-seated these symptoms may be absent. The patient will have a neutrophilic leucocytosis and may have positive blood cultures. An ultrasound or CT... | Surgery | Urology |
02868f21-a5fa-4924-93ae-ca658adcb21f | Positive nitrogen balance is seen in ? | Trauma | Burns | Pregnancy | Stress | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Pregnancy The normal healthy adult is in "nitrogen balance or equilibrium". That is the amount of nitrogen ingested in the diet over a given period of time is equals that excreted in the urine and feces as excretory products.Positive nitrogen balance means amount of nitrogen taken in and retained exce... | Biochemistry | null |
bf6ba1de-e786-4ccd-ab65-6defd6c0730f | Which of the measurement correlates with the sub occipitofrontal diameter of fetal skull? | 9.4 cm | 10 cm | 11.3 cm | 12 cm | 1b | single | Sub Occipitofrontal diameter is measured from below the occipital protuberance to the centre of the sinciput. It measures 10cm. It is the diameter which distends the vulva in a normal veex presentation. Diameters of fetal skull: Occipitofrontal: It follows a line extending from a point just above the root of the nose t... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
e262fe30-d262-4f4f-8515-a05c6bbd068c | Kartagener's syndrome is characterized by all EXCEPT | Dextrocardia | Bronchiectasis | Bronchitis | Sinusitis | 2c | multi | (Bronchitis) (11, 18-LT) (409-Maqbool 1lth)Kartagener's syndrome (immobile cilia). These patients have a constantly runny nose, secretory otitis media, chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis and often sinus inversus (Dextrocardia) Cystic fibrosis of pancreas. | ENT | Nose and PNS |
9ce7aa45-2637-4767-b077-b89b193bff2f | Which ones are used for long term alcohol withdrawl | Acamprostate | Disulfiram | Naltrexone | All | 3d | multi | A i.e. Acamprostate; B i.e. Disulfiram; C i.e. Naltraxone | Psychiatry | null |
c2cff14d-8211-4ecd-bca1-ebc704bd00b1 | 45-year-old male complained of dysphagia. On investigation, he was HIV positive. He underwent endoscopy and biopsy. Endoscopy findings and histological findings are suggestive of? | Herpes | CMV | Candida | Pseudomonas | 1b | single | Ans. (b) CMV esophagitisEndoscopy showed shallow ulcera at lower end of esophagusHistopathology shows large eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion and multiple small cytoplasmic inclusions | Pathology | G.I.T. |
3a04a413-b769-490d-9d7d-6ca34ae85060 | Which of the following is a Rho kinase inhibitor? | Fasudil | Ranolazine | Amiloride | Nicorandil | 0a | single | Ans. a. Fasudil | Pharmacology | null |
c961b5c8-93e7-4f05-959a-76c6a1811369 | What is seen in luteal phase - | Increased progesterone levels | Decreased progesterone levels | Decreased estrogen level | None of the above | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Increased progesterone levels "Corpus luteum secretes progesterone, the level of which starts rising" | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Normal Menstrual Cycle |
095929d3-b80e-4068-8ec7-58e6af366219 | A postmenopausal diabetic woman presents with bleeding per vaginum. The most likely diagnosis is : | Carcinoma vulva | Carcinoma cervix | Carcinoma endometrium | Carcinoma ovary | 2c | single | Carcinoma endometrium | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
7ac5bf7e-0233-45bd-846f-9a417ddd0bcf | Tumor marker most helpful in follow up of a case of Epithelial carcinoma of ovary is : | CA - 125 | Serum Alpha Fetoprotein | Serum human chorionic gonadotropin | Human Placental Lactogen | 0a | single | CA - 125 | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
702c9a7b-3d2d-4ad5-82fe-176ddb8b3c58 | The following are contraindications to beta-blockers except ( REPEAT) | Bradycardia | Tachycardia | Bronchial asthma | Raynaud's disease | 1b | multi | Beta blockers are used In the treatment of tachycardia as they are sympatholytics. | Pharmacology | Autonomic nervous system |
821cc3ff-8411-4372-80de-98d94627d177 | Rotator cuff is/are formed by all except: (PGI May 2010) | Supraspinats | Infraspinatus | Teres minor | Teres major | 3d | multi | Ans: D (Teres major) Fig. :The musculotendinous cuff of the shoulderMusculotendinous Cuff (Rotator Cuff) of the Shoulder BDC 4th /Vol I 78-79It is a fibrous sheath formed by the flattened tendons which blend with the capsule of the shoulder joint and strengthen itThe muscles which form the cuff arise from the scapula a... | Anatomy | Back, Deltoid, and Scapular Region |
5686774f-e4a6-4f62-9e26-cfa0d8353026 | Nitrates in excess of ----mg/L may cause infantile methaemoglobinemia | 15 | 25 | 35 | 45 | 3d | single | Nitrates level >50 increases the risk of infantile methaemoglobinaemia. Ref: Park's textbook of PSM 25th edition, pg 783 | Social & Preventive Medicine | Environment and health |
0fb9652b-5e75-415a-a106-1613d0337608 | The presence of Negri inclusion bodies in host cells is characteristic of? | Mumps | Infectious mononucleosis | Rabies | Congenital rubella | 2c | single | The definitive diagnosis of rabies in humans is based on the finding of Negri bodies, which are cytoplasmic inclusions in the nerve cells of the spinal cord and brain, especially in the hippocampus. Negri bodies are eosinophilic and generally spherical in shape; several may appear in a given cell. Negri bodies, althoug... | Microbiology | null |
05f39d2e-75c8-40ad-b1ec-307471fe79bc | A healthy 3-year-old girl presents with acute onset of petechiae, purpura, and epistaxis. Her Hb 12 g/dl, WBC 5550/mm3, platelet count 2000/mm3. The most likely diagnosis is: | ITP | ALL | Aplastic anemia | DIC | 0a | multi | Ans. A. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)ITP is most commonly seen in previously healthy children, who may have encountered a recent viral infection. Because the pathogenesis involves peripheral destruction of platelets, the BM appears normal and other hemic lineages are not affected (unlike the case for acute ... | Pediatrics | Blood |
f7c8f44f-0a13-49bc-ab65-843b5fd771be | 'Post-moem staining' is distinguished from bruise by all EXCEPT: | Occurs in dependent pas | Edges are clearly defined | Does not appear elevated | None of the above | 3d | multi | Differences between Hypostasis & Bruise Trait Hypostasis Bruise Cause Distension of capillaries & veins Rupture of blood vessels Site Over most dependent pas of body Occur at site of injury, anywhere on body Appearance No elevation of involved area Swollen, due to collected blood & oedema Epidermis Not abraded May be a... | Forensic Medicine | FMT Q Bank |
d1acd1ab-ee9b-4c4e-bf59-0f45590fed43 | HDL was called good cholesterol because: | Activates lipoprotein lipase | Stimulate hepatic TGs synthesis | Causes transpo from extrahepatic tissues | Removes cholesterol from extrahepatic tissues | 3d | multi | HDL Good and Bad cholesterol terminology was used earlier. Now these terms 'good' & 'bad' cholesterol are discarded. HDL was called good cholesterol because of reverse cholesterol transpo i.e. it takes cholesterol from peripheral tissue to liver. HDL conves this cholesterol into cholesterol ester with the help of enzym... | Biochemistry | Cholesterol synthesis and bile acids |
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