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412f43ca-7072-48ca-a894-4754abe86aa6 | Precocious puberty may be seen in all of the following conditions except. | Granulosa - cell tumour | Head - injury | Corticosteroid intake | Hyperthyroidism | 3d | multi | Ans. is d, i.e. HyperthyroidismRef: Jeffcoate 7th/ed, p116-118* Remember hypothyroidism and not hyperthyroidism causes precocious puberty.Reason:In hypothyroidism|| TSH|| Stimulation of FSH|Precocious pubertyIf precocious puberty is associated with delayed bone age it suggests primary hypothyroidism.Q | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Sex Intersexuality |
e8b27d33-207a-42ef-98d4-929ffa6ecb8e | For each description, choose the neurotransmitter with which it is usually associated: Ingestion of l-tryptophan increases the levels of this substance in the brain. | Serotonin | Norepinephrine | Dopamine | Acetylcholine | 0a | multi | The amino acid l-tryptophan is the precursor for serotonin, which is a neurotransmitter needed for non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep as well as for mood and pain modulation. Up to 70 to 90% of brain norepinephrine is produced in the pontine nucleus, locus ceruleus. Dopamine is implicated in schizophrenia and also in ... | Psychiatry | null |
62b10b19-428b-47bb-ae9a-4b8047d86242 | In a child with respiratory distress, failure to thrive. His sweat chloride leveles were estimated 35 meq/L and 41 meq/L. What is next best test to do cystic fibrosis for diagnosis aEUR' | Nasal transmembrane potential difference | DNA analysis AF 508 mutation | CT chest | 72 hour fecal fat estimation | 2c | single | Trans epithelial nasal potential difference Diagnosis of cystic fibrosis Sweat chloride testing The sweat test is the standard approach to diagnosis. The diagnosis is made by elevated sodium and chloride level in the sweat > 60 meoll. Two tests on different days are required .for accurate diagnosis. A normal sweat chlo... | Pediatrics | null |
c4e1ca2e-acab-443c-a8ca-90975da101e8 | False about Turner's syndrome are all except: | Long stature | Normal gonads | Normal intelligence | Normal breast | 2c | multi | The question is asking about true statement about Turner's syndrome out of all options. Only Normal intelligence is true and while all other options provide a false explanation of Turner's syndrome as explained below: Turner syndrome Genotype is X0 Female is affected Only monosomy compatible with life Have zero Barr bo... | Biochemistry | Genetic Disorders |
b4fc5376-49ed-4246-8e1c-850c62c74c3b | Which one of the following statements is false with regard to Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in children - | Often affects those younger than 8 years of age. | It affects the kidney focally more frequently than diffusely | Boys are affected more frequently. | Clinical presentation in chidren is same as in adults | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Often affects those younger than 8 years of age Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is a form of chronic pyelonephritis characterised by destruction of renal parenchyma and the presence of granulomas, abscesses and collection of lipid laden foamy macrophages (foam cells). Xanthogranulomatous pvelonephr... | Pediatrics | null |
fc7356c7-c56d-4292-9416-df2840202810 | Burning epigastric pain is due to - | Vomiting | Reflux esophagitis | Duodenal ulcer | Gastric ulcer | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Reflux esophagitis | Surgery | null |
3ec18de7-5e18-4e04-a5c9-42a060daee36 | Stunning of myocardium without any acute coronary syndrome is:- | Subendocardial infarction | Restrictive cardiomyopathy | Takotsubo cardiomyopathy | Transmural infarction | 2c | single | A/k as broken hea syndrome High degree of emotional stress Increase catecholamines Coronary aery vasospasm | Ischemic dilatedcardiomyopathy M/E: Acute stage a necrosis + contraction band necrosis - Histologically, acute cases may show microscopic areas of necrosis characterized by myocyte hypercontraction (contraction ... | Pathology | NEET 2018 |
e64ecb94-045e-4fcc-ba77-affc936fdcc1 | All of the following are indications for eicosanoids or their inhibitors EXCEPT: | Aboion | Essential hypeension | Patent ductus aeriosus | Transposition of the great aeries | 1b | multi | PGE1 derivatives like misoprostol are used for aboion. PG inhibitors like indomethacin and ibuprofen are used for treatment of PDA. PGE1 derivative alprostadil is used to keep the ductus aeriosus open before surgery of patient with transposition of great vessels. PG like iloprost are indicated in pulmonary hypeension b... | Pharmacology | NSAIDs, Gout and Rheumatoid Ahritis |
9e2f9e18-01d9-4640-bdf0-5321e41039b8 | Following are the characteristics of Cryptococcus neoformans EXCEPT | Noncapsulated fungus infecting man | Causes meningitis | Melanin production related to virulence | Basidiomycetes yeast | 0a | multi | null | Microbiology | null |
1ad2c939-b8a6-42b7-bd50-e9d96b623a4a | "Sampling error" occurs due to the variation in results- | Between one sample and another | Between the observations of two individuals | Due to the use of many instruments in the study | Due to the multiple readings taken on the same instrument | 0a | single | Taking repeated samples from the same population will result in a difference in the results obtained between samples; this is called SAMPLING ERROR. It occurs because data was gathered between samples rather than from the entire population. Ref: 25th edition, Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, Page no. ... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Epidemiology |
90ba63ac-0247-4b39-aaed-c9a64b03fa52 | Most sensitive test for metastatic deposit is: | Isotope scan | CT scan | Skeletal survey | Tomography | 0a | single | Ans. Isotope scan | Radiology | null |
58e3ac7d-9908-4089-9a54-bc955fae3f45 | Drumstick appearence is seen in : | Cl. tetani | Cl. tetanomorphum | Cl. sphenoids | All of the above | 3d | multi | null | Microbiology | null |
f4ab75fb-e50e-4c60-aefa-c51f1695ba51 | Which is the teeth referred to if by haderup classification it is denoted as (- 4) ? | Upper canine | Lower first premolar | Upper second premolar | Lower first molar | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Lower first premolar | Forensic Medicine | null |
d326c818-0bf8-42fd-92a1-f6e0942fa1cf | A 47-year-old HIV-positive man is brought to the emergency room because of weakness. The patient has HIV nephropathy and adrenal insufficiency. He takes trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for PCP prophylaxis and is on triple-agent antiretroviral treatment. He was recently started on spironolactone for ascites due to alcohol... | Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate) | Acute hemodialysis | IV normal saline | IV calcium gluconate | 3d | single | This patient has life-threatening hyperkalemia as suggested by the ECG changes in association with documented hyperkalemia. Death can occur within minutes as a result of ventricular fibrillation, and immediate treatment is mandatory. Intravenous calcium is given to combat the membrane effects of the hyperkalemia, and m... | Medicine | Kidney |
4db4001c-bb56-45c6-8381-7476f01295de | Which metal poisoning can be detected analysing bone : | Arsenic | Nickel | Chromium | Lead | 0a | single | A i.e. Arsenic | Forensic Medicine | null |
477c9e67-2a90-4c0f-97bf-7cb2a99ba3ff | Kawasaki disease is associated with all except: | Erythema | Posterior cervical lymphadenopathy | Thrombocytopenia | Conjunctivitis | 2c | multi | c. Thrombocytopenia(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 1216-1217, Ghai 8/e p 632-633)Mnemonic:Diagnostic Criteria for Kawasaki DiseaseFever persisting at least 5 days with presence of at least 4 features out of 5 (CREAM):Conjunctivitis: Rash, Edema & erythema of palms & soles, Adenopathy and Mucosal involvement: Strawberry tongue | Pediatrics | New Born Infants |
b7a644dd-cff6-45ac-9b95-af948ea20dad | Among Bipyridyl herbicides, 1) Diquat is only half as toxic as paraquat 2) Diquat doesnot produce pulmonary toxicity | Both are true | Both are false | 1 is true, 2 is false | 2 is true, 1 is false | 0a | multi | Diquat is only half as toxic as paraquat Diquat doesnot produce pulmonary toxicity | Forensic Medicine | Toxicology - 1 |
ec5ec33d-aea1-47ea-85f9-81024eb62bbf | Which of the following is a new drug recently approved for treatment of neovascular age related macular degeneration? | Brolucizumab | Istradefylline | Lefamulin | Upadacitinib | 0a | single | *Brolucizumab is a monoclonal antibody against VEGF. *It is recently approved for wet (neovascular) age related macular degeneration.* Istradefylline is adenosine A2 receptor antagonist. It is approved for off episodes in Parkinsonism* Lefamulin is a new antimicrobial that acts by inhibiting protein synthesis. It is ap... | Pharmacology | Targeted Anticancer Drugs and Immunosuppressants |
38031385-ec88-4ffc-ad26-1b29b1c046ef | Cancer management in which of following malignancies has dramatically increased the survival? | Esophagus carcinoma | Glioblastoma multiforme | ALL in children | Cholangiocarcinoma | 2c | multi | Ans. is 'c' i.e., ALL in children Prognosis of ALLThe survival rate has improved from zero four decades ago to 20-75 percent currently, largely due to clinical trials on new chemotherapeutic agents and improvements in stem cell transplantation (SCT) technology.Glioblastoma multiforme (grave iv) is an aggressive form of... | Pediatrics | Malignancies |
5c9c9e06-f787-4ad1-abed-6ffd7f20b57b | Which of the following is not component of acinus? | Pulmonary lobule | Respiratory bronchioles | Alveolar ducts | Alveolar sac | 0a | single | Ans. is `a' i.e., Pulmonary lobule o Pulmonary lobule is not a component of acinus, rather cluster of 3-5 terminal bronchioles with acinus form pulmonary lobule. Respiratory tract anatomy o Progressive branching of bronchi forms bronchioles. o Fuher branching of bronchioles leads to terminal bronchioles. o Terminal bro... | Pathology | null |
101fda40-da68-4991-8889-087087872ab9 | All are true regarding Tinea versicolor except: | Orange fluorescence inWood lamp examination | Caused by Malessesia globosa | Griseofulvin is the drug of choice | Both hypo and byperpigmented lesions | 2c | multi | Ref: Fungal infections, hi: Thappa DM, editor. Essentials in Dermatology, 2ndedth, New Delhi: Jay pee brothers medical publishers (P) Lid 2009:57-7}.Explanation:Tinea VersicolorCausative agent: Pitryrosporuni orbiculare (Malassezia furfur)It is a superficial fungal infection of the skin caused by Malassezia furfur and ... | Unknown | null |
10f0582d-bb90-414a-8e7c-ae61318b6203 | External ballottement can be done after how many weeks of gestation: Manipal 10 | 6 weeks | 16 weeks | 20 weeks | 24 weeks | 2c | multi | Ans. 20 weeks | Forensic Medicine | null |
1fcc9ad5-b213-4b38-9340-db07ad3ba3c4 | Which of the following is initial investigation of choice for a patient presenting with solitary nodule of thyroid: March 2005 | Thyroid function test | FNAC | Radionuclide scan | MRI | 1b | single | Ultrasound is the preferred imaging modality for thyroid nodules, and the ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is the preferred method of tissue. | Surgery | null |
ca6fa22b-e904-47ea-9fbc-b3890aed6a70 | A 26 year old man died suddenly during spoing activity. At autopsy the hea revealed chamber and septum Hyperophy. The most likely diagnosis is | HOCM | DCM | Arrhythmogenic cardiac problem | Restrictive cardiomyopathy | 0a | single | Answer is A. (HOCM): Sudden death following competitive spos in young individuals is characteristic of hyperophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). The presence of chamber and septal hyperophy on autopsy confirms the suspected diagnosis of HOCM | Medicine | null |
f0d312f8-19d3-41b9-8ff0-09d8921d4d4e | Tertiary vitreous is represented by- | Zonular system | Ciliary body | Anterior uvea | Lens | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Zonular system 'Tertiary vitreous indicates the zonular system. The primary and secondary vitreous are stages in development of vitreous. However the tertiary vitreous i.e. the zonules are named so only because of their proximity to the vitreous'* The tertiary vitreous or the zonular system includes :... | Ophthalmology | Vitreous |
5db2457f-0c3b-474b-8e95-bc8ed552058d | All of the following are features of chronic tonsillitis except | Pus in crypts | Congestion of anterior pillar | Congestion of posterior pillar | Enlargement of jugulodigastric lymph nodes | 2c | multi | Clinical features of chronic tonsillitis1 Recurrent attacks of sore throat or acute tonsillitis.2. Chronic irritation in throat with cough.3. Bad taste in mouth and foul breath (halitosis) due to pus in crypts.4. Thick speech, difficulty in swallowing and choking spells at night (when tonsils are large and obstructive)... | ENT | Ear |
9c839c5d-dd32-44b3-8ca9-a7a99d36691b | Several segments of the polypeptide chain of integral membrane proteins usually span the lipid bilayer. These segments frequently (NOT RELATED) | Adopt an a-helical configuration | Contain many hydrophilic amino acids | Form covalent bonds with cholesterol | Contain unusually strong peptide bonds | 0a | multi | . | Pharmacology | All India exam |
aa54cfff-5ce6-4b08-88f1-5749aa90d953 | Enzyme deficiency responsible for gout are all except: | PRPP synthase | Pseudogout enzyme | 5 - phosphoribosyl amido transferase | Glucose 6 phosphatase | 1b | multi | Ref: Harpers Illustrated Biochemistry,28th editionExplanation:Hyperuricemia - Uric acid level:Males > 7 mg / dLFemales > 6 mg / dLAccumulation of insoluble monosodium urate crystals in the synovial fluid causes inflammationAcute arthritis.Deposition in cooler areas - TophiRenal lithiasis.PRIMARY GOUT- CausesAbnormality... | Biochemistry | Urea Cycle and Disorders |
2172f1dc-083a-4fae-9443-8a3a8ce09bc8 | Dracanculosis elimination program, which of the following activities is not evaluated to know the extent of goal achievement ? | Provision of protected water sources | Health education | Chemical disinfection of water sources | Registration of new cases | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e.,Registration of new casesThe extent to which Dracanculosis Medinensis Elimination program goals are achieved can be determind by calculating the the percentage of planned activities that are actually carried out. A list of these activities is as follows:Provision of protected water sources. Health educ... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
5ce65f8c-c458-4a9e-a1ed-79e22578e9c1 | A major causal factor in some cases of hypogonadism is | Reduced secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) | Hypersecretion of pituitary LH and FSH as the result of increased GnRH | Excess secretion of testicular activin by Seoli cells | Failure of the hypothalamus to respond to testosterone | 0a | single | Reduced secretion of GnRH will result in extremely low levels of circulating LH and FSH, causing testicular atrophy, as in Kallmann's syndrome. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | All India exam |
cde571df-264d-413b-8e2d-548aed3c156a | Lumbar hemiveebra results due to the abnormal development of the following embryonic structure: | Dorsal sclerotome | Intermediate cell mass | Notochord | Ventral sclerotome | 3d | single | The ventromedial pa of the somites is called the sclerotome. The cells of the sclerotome migrate medially. They surround the neural tube and give rise to the veebral column and ribs. The veebral body may ossify from two primary centers which soon fuse. One of these pas may fail to develop, resulting in only half of the... | Anatomy | null |
150acfe8-76be-4bd2-a5a4-6c5906ec882d | Which of the following is the most common central nervous system parasitic infestation- | Echinococcosis | Sparganosis | Paragonimiasis | Neurocysticercosis | 3d | single | null | Medicine | null |
744a9104-0b79-4273-8d00-51030cd59660 | All are used to treat hypercalcemia, EXCEPT : | D-penicillamine | Corticosteroid | Biphosphonate | Mithramycin | 0a | multi | Ans. is ' a' D-penicillamine D-penicillamine has no role in the treatment of hypercalcemiaTreatment of hypercalcemia*Hydration with salineForced diuresis, saline plus loop diureticBiphosphonates - Etidronate and pamidronateCalcitoninSpecial used therapies are :Phosphates (Oral and Intravenous)GlucocorticoidsGallium nit... | Pharmacology | Chelating Agent |
30690d19-63f8-48bd-bd66-d565ac8375fa | Crystal of pseudogout is made up of ? | CPPD | Urate | Calcium carbonate | Xanthine | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., CPPD | Surgery | null |
c21e7277-2c91-4546-87d4-8298d7aa5479 | Defect in Amyloid protein folding occurs in: | Alzheimer disease | Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease | Scrapie disease | Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) | 0a | single | PROTEIN MISFOLDING AND DISEASES- (1) Amyloidosis - Amyloids is used to refer to the altered proteins (with beta-sheets) that accumulate in the body, paicularly in the nervous system Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder Accumulation of beta amyloid. Other example of amyloidosis:- Type Protein Implicated P... | Biochemistry | DNB 2018 |
7a614537-1104-4731-baa8-f41b6346b1a6 | Bacteria is not shed in - | Carrier state | Latent infection | Incubation period | Subclinical infection | 1b | single | in latent infection the host does not shed the infectious agent which lies dormant within the host without symptoms.and often without demonstrable presence in blood ,tisssues ,or bodily secretions of the host.latent infection occurs in herpes simplex,zinser disease,infections due to slow viruses ,ancylostomiasis,etc.th... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Epidemiology |
75d3427d-475a-4e65-bba2-f8a8c37da572 | Possible mechanisms causing pain in patients with endometriosis include all except | Local peritoneal inflammation | Deep infiltration with tissue damage | Collection of shed menstrual blood in endometriotic implants | Septic seeding of the endometriotic implants | 3d | multi | Possible mechanisms causing pain in patients with endometriosis include:- Local peritoneal inflammation, Deep infiltration with tissue damage, Adhesion formation, Fibrotic thickening, Collection of shed menstrual blood in endometriotic implants, resulting in painful traction with the physiologic movement of tissues. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Endometriosis & H |
e4527fd6-f133-496a-8d55-35af6d4cee68 | Most common malocclusion found in people is: | Class I with incisor crowding | Class II division 1 | Class II division 2 | Class III | 0a | single | Class I Malocclusion
A large sampling of our population would show that a majority of the malocclusions are Angle’s Class I malocclusion. | Dental | null |
f0bd398f-3d90-4de0-9b9e-58b6c179c1ac | Accidental small splenic rupture is treated with - | Catgut sutures | Silk sutures | Omental patch | Catgut suturing with omental patch | 3d | multi | The placement of a simple monofilament suture through the splenic parenchyma (often in a mattress technique and incorporating a piece of Gelfoam or an omental patch placed at the site of bleeding) will often bring about satisfactory hemostasis. | Surgery | null |
698220f5-3f8d-4d96-8b29-55c18b9dff28 | In presence of secondary sexual characters cause screening for primary amenorrhea is done at | 12years | 14 years | 16 years | 18 years | 2c | single | Primary amenorrhoea is defined as the absence of secondary sexual characters by 14 yrs of age or absence of menarche in the presence of secondary sexual characters till 16 yrs of age, In the sequence of pubeal development the changes are as follows thelarche, increased growth spu, pubarche, menarche. As menarche is the... | Anatomy | All India exam |
16e6a51f-4648-44c8-be33-464a48da5e87 | The primary function of basal ganglia is | Preprogramming of voluntary activity | Control of equilibrium | Sensory integration | Short term memory | 0a | single | (A) Preprogramming of voluntary activity > Basal ganglia are involved in the planning and programming of movement or, more broadly, in the process by which an abstract thought is converted into voluntary action. Basal ganglia also play major role in some cognitive processes. | Physiology | Nervous System |
ad2c2f55-3964-4cc9-b6c4-e30c9c3edafc | Diagnostic of antemortum drowning - | Palatauf's hemorrhage | Weeds and grass in clenched hands | Emphysema aquosum | Water in esophagus | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Weeds and grass in clenched hands PM findings of drowningExternal findingsA) Specific (diagnostic)i) White, fine, lathery, abundant and tenacious froth at nose and mouth which increases on chest compression.ii) Weeds, grass, plants, mud or stones in tightly clenched hands.B) Non-specifici) Washer woma... | Forensic Medicine | Injuries |
f7c617e5-70e0-4ade-9c4c-9e9ad2045ea0 | Endoscopic stapling procedure would be ideal in | Pharyngeal pouch | Gastric ulcer | Esophageal varices | Perforation | 0a | single | Stappling of diveicula is done as a treatment procedure for pharyngeal pouch(Zenker's diveiculum). Other method is Dohlman's procedure. In this Pouch is excised using double lipped endoscopy. Cautery or laser is used. It is quicker procedure with sho duration of anaesthesia, with fast recovery. Other treatment option i... | Surgery | G.I.T |
d032681e-0d7c-4986-8870-d7160669501b | Which artery is dissected most commonly following arteriography by femoral route – | Celiac trunk | Superior mesenteric artery | Inferior mesenteric artery | Gastroduodenal artery | 2c | single | null | Radiology | null |
d486fcbd-ea94-4d1d-9497-dc70402ae335 | Which of the following is poor prognostic factor in a child with ALL? | Age 2-8 yrs | Total leucocyte count < 50,000 | t (9;22); t (4;11); t (1;19) | Absent blasts in peripheral smear | 2c | multi | Specific chromosomal translocations in ALL,including t(8;14,associated with Burkitt leukemia),t(4;11) in infant leukemia,t(9,22)translocation that forms the Philadelphia chromosome,t(1,19) translocation associated with probable CNS relapse,are associated with a poor prognosis.The age group of 2-10 yrs have satisfactory... | Pediatrics | Childhood tumors |
86ba5921-fef1-4edc-8aa4-13878099ffae | A 74 yr old male patient was brought to the OPD by his daughter complaining of urinary incontinence and ataxia, also he has difficulty in calculating simple arithemetics and memory loss. What is the probable diagnosis | Normal pressure hydrocephalus | Vascular dementia | VIT B12 dofficiency | Tabes dorsalis | 0a | single | CLINICAL FEATURES IN NORMAL PRESSURE HYDROCEPHALUS Difficulty walking. This problem can be mild or severe. ... Dementia. This often involves confusion, sho-term memory loss/forgetfulness, trouble paying attention, changes in mood, and a lack of interest in daily activities. Problems with bladder control. REF : HARRISON... | Medicine | All India exam |
d992f842-02de-4bf4-a5fc-9998c0b2f806 | Commonest presentation of Ca rectum is: | Diarrhoea | Constipation | Bleeding P/R | Feeling of incomplete defaecation | 2c | single | Bleeding is the earliest and most common symptom. Often the bleeding is slight in amount.
Alteration in bowel habit is the next most frequent symptom. An early morning urgency may occur but he passes only mucus & blood (early morning bloody diarrhea). An annular carcinoma at pelvi-rectal jn. may lead to constipation & ... | Surgery | null |
34821cb1-5d8f-4f48-b608-bab4ec260f2d | Cavity conditioning in ART is done by | Cocoa Butter | Petroleum Jelly | 37% Phosphoric Acid | 10% Polyacrylic Acid | 3d | single | null | Dental | null |
24198525-5a5e-46e6-97ef-a1874036e687 | All of the following factors tend to increase the volume of distrubtion of a drug except | High plasma protein binding | Low ionization at physiological pH values | High lipid solubility | High tissue binding | 0a | multi | Ref-katzung 10/e per,35 If a drug is highly bound to plasma proteins ,it is more likely to stay in blood.thus it's Vd will be less . Low ionization ours the distribution of a drug because unionized molecules can cross the membrane of blood vessels and the tissue More lipid soluble drugs can easily cross the membrane an... | Anatomy | Other topics and Adverse effects |
8ff8d44d-7bb8-49b0-803a-499b7598f090 | All the following are characteristic of Dhatura poisoning except: | Delirium | Diplopia | Pin-point pupils | Dysphagia | 2c | multi | C i.e. Pinpoint pupil | Forensic Medicine | null |
33198589-c4ec-4ab8-abc0-938f6bc9d43a | A dead body is having cadaveric lividity of bluish green colour. The most likely cause of death is by poisoning due to: | Hydrocyanic acid | Hydrogen sulphide | Oleander | Sodium nitrite | 1b | single | Colour of post-moem staining in poisoning- 1) Dark brown or yellow- Phosphorus or acute copper poisoning, 2) Cherry red- CO & Cold storage, 3) Bluish-green- H2S, 4) Bright red- HCN/ Cyanides, 5) Chocolate/Red-brown coloured- Nitrites/Nitrates, aniline, Nitrobenzene, Acetanilide, Bromates, Chlorates (due to formation of... | Surgery | null |
400304d8-404a-46e5-8af9-3c13d935627f | A 20 year old female was diagnosed with granulose cell tumor of the ovary. Which of the following bio markers
would be most useful for follow-up of patient? | Inhibin | CA50 | CA 19-9 | Neuron – specific enolase | 0a | single | Granulosa cell tumor
• The most common type of ovarian tumor that is composed of cells that stain positively with inhibin.
• Histologically, the cells may form Call-Exner bodies
• The tumor cells may secrete estrogens and cause precocious sexual development in girls or increase the risk for endometrial hyperplasia and ... | Pathology | null |
5673b709-0a34-42a4-9e87-a6ad1db63763 | A patient with bilirubin value of 8mg/dl and serum creatinine of 1.9 mg/dl is planned for surgery. What is the muscle relaxant of choice in this patient? | Vecuronium | Pancuronium | Atracurium | Rocuronium | 2c | single | Atracurium is the muscle relaxant of choice in patients with liver and renal failure because these drugs undergo extensive plasma degradation. Atracurium undergoes esterase degradation and spontaneous breakdown at physiologic pH and temperature called Hoffman elimination. Metabolism of atracurim yields a metabolite cal... | Anaesthesia | null |
d9600222-5c5c-423e-8f73-1de9102fb20c | The parotid duct is known as | Whaon's duct | Stenson's duct | Duct of Santorini | Duct of Wirsung | 1b | single | ParotidStenson's ductOpens at upper 2nd molar toothSubmandibular glandWhaon's ductOpens into the papilla just lateral to the frenulumSublingual glandDucts of RiviniusNumerous excretory ducts(Ducts of Rivinus), directly into the oral cavityDuct of Wirsung is major pancreatic ductDuct of Santorini is accessory pancreatic... | Surgery | Head and neck |
557158ce-d347-4da0-9c8c-1e662d6ab733 | Sure sign of malignancy is | Mitosis | Polychromasia | Nuclear pleomorphism | Metastasis | 3d | single | Ref Robbins 8/e p269; 9/e p272 CHARACTERISTICS OF BENIGN AND MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS Nothing is more impoant to the patient with a tumor than being told: "It is benign." In general, benign tumors appear to be genetically "simple," harboring fewer muta- tions than cancers, and genetically stable, changing little in genotype... | Anatomy | General anatomy |
c394928d-d11e-48a7-9605-13778c4e13ef | False statement regarding aneurysms is - | True aneurysm contains all the 3 layers | In dissecting aneurysms media is defective | Charcot bouchard aneurysms are seen in brain | Saccular aneurysms involves the entire circumference | 3d | multi | An aneurysm is an outward bulging, likened to a bubble or balloon, caused by a localized, abnormal, weak spot on a blood vessel wall. leading to uncontrolled bleeding. Although they may occur in any blood vessel, paicularly lethal examples include aneurysms of the Circle of Willis in the brain, aoic aneurysms affecting... | Medicine | C.V.S |
02c1d9c8-5e09-4650-a157-444f5d1bbb3d | Best X-ray view taken to visualize Maxillary sinus- | Water's view | Caldwell's view | Lateral view | Occlusive anterior view | 0a | single | Figure: Water's view WATER /OCCIPITOMENTAL VIEW:Best view for maxillary sinus. Waters view with open mouth is called Pierres View CALDWELL VIEW/OCCIPITOFRONTAL VIEW: Best view for frontal sinus. LATERAL VIEW: Sella, Sphenoid sinus Points to be remembered: Area View Superior orbital fissure Caldwell view Inferior orbita... | Radiology | X-RAYS |
0d735ba7-3012-40a0-836a-ffc450e763e4 | Quality indicator of MCH services - | IMR | MMR | CMR | None | 0a | multi | Park's textbook of preventive and social medicine 23rd edition. * IMR is an impoant indicator of health status of a community and effectiveness of MCH services in paicular. | Social & Preventive Medicine | obstetrics,pediatrics and geriatrics |
4a0584c9-0143-4e15-8a59-deac805bf434 | Facial nerve palsy at sternomastoid canal can cause- | Loss of corneal reflex at side of lesion | Loss of taste sensation anterior 2/3 of ipsilateral tongue | Loss of lacrimation at side of lesion | Hyperacusis | 0a | single | Below stylomastoid foramen, facial nerve gives following branches: - Posterior auricular branch, muscular branches (stylohyoid & posterior belly of digastric) and terminal (peripheral) branches.
Lesion at sternomastoid foramen : -
i) Will spare
Greater superficial petrosal nerve → Lacrimation present.
Nerve to sta... | ENT | null |
10d41fdc-8bb6-403c-ad5a-2a9621372628 | In case control study, the risk is calculated by- | Relative risk | Attributable risk | Cross product ratio | None | 2c | multi | Also known as odds ratio Measure of strength of relations between risk factor and outcome. The disease being investigated is very rare The cases must be representative of those with disease The controls must be representative of those without disease Ref: 25th edition, Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine,... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Epidemiology |
7f0e3e00-8e21-4b1e-aa9c-46b5b2f64a23 | Alternate contact points along shaft are seen in | K3 | RACE | Real World Endo | Light speed | 2c | single | The blank design employed by the Endo Sequence file is a triangle with alternating contact points (ACP) along the instrument's ,hunk. The Endo Sequence file undergoes electropolishing and the result is visible in its mirror-like finish that remains sharper longer and mays cleaner during use.
About RACE:
Design of the r... | Dental | null |
fd325071-755b-4954-8f2d-30f8b8d82a1f | Tear drop fracture of lower cervical spine implies - | Wedge compression fracture | Axial compression fractures | Flexion-rotation injury with failure of anterior body | Flexion compression failure of body | 3d | single | Severe injuries are due to axial compression of the cervical spine, usually in diving or athletic accidents . If veebral body is crushed in neutral position of the neck the result is burst fracture. *With combined axial compression & flexion ,an antero- inferior fragment of the veebral body is sheared off , producing e... | Orthopaedics | Spinal injuries |
a5de5a36-ee10-4187-9253-6d10ac94c1b0 | A patient with mild congestive hea failure is treated with high-dose furosemide and diuresis 3 liters of fluid.A complete blood count (CBC) taken before the diuresis shows an RBC count of 4 million/mm3; a CBC taken after diuresis shows a RBC count of 7 million/mm3. Which of the following is the most likely explanation? | Cyanotic hea disease | Increased erythropoietin | Polycythemia vera | Relative polycythemia | 3d | single | This is an example of relative polycythemia, in which there is an increased hematocrit or RBC count without a true increase in the total number of body RBCs. What usually happens in these cases is a significant reduction in plasma volume due to processes such as dehydration, vomiting, diarrhea, or diuresis. Cyanotic he... | Physiology | null |
273c97d3-a0dc-4c8e-9024-134beb5725aa | Amoebic liver abscess can be diagnosed by demonstrating - | Cysts in the sterile pus | Trophozoites in the pus | Cysts in the intestine | Trophozoites in the feces | 1b | single | Trophozoites may be demonstrated in the liver biopsy from cases of amoebic hepatitis. Diagnostic liver aspiration can be performed if liver aspiration can be performed if liver abscess is present.Trophozoite can be demonstrated in the aspirate by wet preparation.Aspirations from the center of liver abscess may not show... | Microbiology | parasitology |
6f54bdb7-c07d-4d83-a8d7-c856795d1dbe | Most B/L multifocal retinoblastoma require | Chemotherapy | Radiotherapy | Enucleation | Multi Modality therapy | 3d | single | D i.e. Multi Modality therapy Multi Modality Therapy Most children with bilateral retinoblastoma, multifocal RB, or bothQ, and occasion children with unilateral RB, are managed by multimodality therapy. | Ophthalmology | null |
24586be8-ee94-4547-9ccd-1c68b94598c9 | Osteomas common in which of the following sinus? | Frontal | Ethmoid | Maxillary | D Sphenoid | 0a | single | Ref: Diseases of the Ear Nose and Throat by PL Dhingra.5th edn .2010 page page 219Explanation:Sinus OsteomasOsteomas are most common in Frontal followed by ethmoid and then maxillary sinusesMost are asymptomatic and detected incidentally on radiology of the sinusesMay become symptomatic when they obstruct the sinus Ost... | ENT | Nose and PNS |
6774e87c-00ba-49bf-924c-a080d1b9e5de | Which of the following is level III lymph nodes? | Central | Apical | Interpectoral | Anterior | 1b | single | Apical also known as subclavicular is level III lymph node. | Surgery | null |
57f6df1a-5b44-43ee-b11a-b9d9fd0f4512 | Giardiasis is associated with - | Common variable immunodeficiency | C1 esterase deficiency | C8 deficiency | Anaemia | 0a | single | G. lamblia is seen typically within the crypts in the duodenum. It does not invade tissues lead to mucus diarrhoea, dull epigastric pain and flatulence. The diarrhoea in some cases may be steatorrhoeic with excess mucus and fat, but no blood. The incubation period is variable, but is usually about 2 weeks. Enhanced sus... | Microbiology | parasitology |
27a2e7b1-c736-41ab-ba0b-8a03ab1f6bf7 | Which of the following stages of demographic cycle has expanding population? | Second | Third | Both of the above | None of the above | 2c | multi | Stages of demographic cycle are: First stage (High stationary) Second stage (Early expanding) Third stage (late expanding) Fouh stage (Low stationary) Fifth stage (declining) Ref: Park, 22nd edition pg: 441 | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
4a73f133-21c3-41d2-b92a-b48d61fc8abf | NAD+ reduced by all of the following enzymes except: | Alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase | Iso-citrate dehydrogenase | Malate dehydrogenase | Succinyl dehydrogenase | 3d | multi | Ans. D. Succinyl dehydrogenaseNiacin acts as electron acceptor for the following enzymes:Isocitrate dehydrogenaseAlpha ketoglutarateMalate dehydrogenase | Biochemistry | Carbohydrates |
ee2c79f4-7275-4a5b-9e07-64cdc9def892 | Enzyme deficiency in Tarui disease is | Glucose-6-phosphatase | Muscle and erythrocyte phosphofructokinase 1 | Lysosomal a1 - 4 and a1 - 6 glucosidase | Liver phosphorylase kinase | 1b | single | Type name Enzyme Deficiency Clinical Features VII Tarui disease Muscle and erythrocyte phosphofructokinase 1 Poor exercise tolerance Muscle glycogen abnormally high (2.5%-4%) Blood lactate very low after exercise Also hemolytic anemia Reference: Harper; 30th edition; Table: 18-2; Page no: 179 | Biochemistry | Metabolism of carbohydrate |
e025bee6-cd7d-4ae8-8803-efa9d84bba52 | In benign hypeension commonest vascular pathology is | Atherosclerosis | Fatty mfilitraion of intima | Fibmoid necrosis | Hyaline aeriosclerosis | 3d | single | In smaller aeries (< 1 mm), hyaline aeriosclerosis occurs in the wall, the lumen narrows and aneurysms may develop. Widespread atheroma develops and may lead to coronary and cerebrovascular disease, paicularly if other risk factors (e.g. smoking,diabetes, hyperlipidaemia,) are present.These structural changes in the va... | Medicine | C.V.S |
fe9ac283-02c9-40da-bc73-a3279b24f79d | Which among the following statements is true regarding chalazion: | Mucous cyst | Sebaceous cyst | Due to staphylococcal infection | Recurrence may imply malignancy | 1b | multi | B i.e. Sebaceous cyst Also known as meibomian or tarsal cyst is chronic, sterile lipogranulomatous inflammation of meibomian gland Predisposing factors Clinical features Course & Complication Treatment Patient with acne - Gradually enlarging - Resolve spontaneously - In small, soft & recent chalazion conservative rosac... | Ophthalmology | null |
7517690e-c518-48f5-aaa1-36f2873f9e4d | Duct of Wirsung is: | Parotid duct. | Common bile duct | Main Pancreatic duct | Accessory Pancreatic duct | 2c | single | Ans. C. Main Pancreatic ductThe pancreatic duct, or duct of Wirsung (also, the major pancreatic duct), is a duct joining the pancreas to the common bile duct to supply pancreatic juice provided from the exocrine pancreas, which aids indigestion. The pancreatic duct joins the common bile duct just prior to the ampulla o... | Anatomy | Abdomen & Pelvis |
26a88cb6-47ae-47cb-8cd5-fc7010660ed1 | pseudorosettes are seen in - | Retinoblastoma | Ophthalmic nodosa | Phakolytic glaucoma | Trachoma | 0a | single | Flexner wintersteiner rosettes , homer wright rosette , fleurettes and pseudorosettes are seen. Ref: ak khurana 6th edition | Ophthalmology | Tumors |
54fad27e-aeec-4ddb-b0dc-4d8d411819ec | Which of the following has serous secretion? | Pancreas | Parotid gland | Sub mandibular salivary gland | Minor salivary gland | 1b | single | Most animals have three major pairs of salivary glands that differ in the type of secretion they produce: parotid glands produce a serious, watery secretion. submaxillary (mandibular) glands produce a mixed serous and mucous secretion. sublingual glands secrete a saliva that is predominantly mucous in character. (Ref: ... | Physiology | General physiology |
be7f0c4d-aa9a-49d0-bb1b-d97d4a646e44 | Major fate of glucose 6 phosphate in tissue in a well fed state is | Conversion to glycogen | Hydrolysis of glucose | Isomerization wto fructose 6 phophate | None of the above | 0a | multi | null | Biochemistry | null |
b3bddc18-ca0d-4b31-84ca-0a1b8acdec58 | Displacement is the defensive mechanism for (NOT REALTED) | Phobia | Depression | Persecutory delusions | Delusions of grandiosity | 0a | single | In Phobia patient has fear of something which then is replaced by generalized fear of so many things. | Pharmacology | All India exam |
a5d0995d-867a-4470-bdc9-2d9cb551d9c5 | The most common neurologic abnormality that occurs with head injury is: | Hemiplegia | Ocular nerve palsy | Altered consciousness | Convulsion | 2c | single | Ans. (c) Altered consciousness Signs of Head injury* Sudden loss of consciousness (Most common neurological abnormality)* Convulsions* Sudden dilatation of one pupil (Anisocori) - Omnious sign* Abnormal posture (Decorticate posture) - in Diffuse Axonal Injury* High ICP | Surgery | Trauma |
51054785-af67-4f2e-8834-a177e8e517a5 | In a pregnant female with BP 150/100 mm Hg, a protein/creatinine ratio of _______ suggests development of pre-eclampsia | >0.20 | >0.30 | <0.20 | <0.30 | 1b | single | Ans. is b, i.e. >0.30Ref. Fernando Arias 4/e, p 189In patients with gestational hypertension, there are high chances (15-25%) of progressing to pre-eclampsia. Pre-eclampsia is heralded by the development of proteinuria.Proteinuria >=+2 in a random urine sample is diagnostic of pre-eclampsia in these patients. When prot... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy |
51822a40-5942-4c90-aacb-f34711eff340 | Hemoperfusion with charcoal is useful in poisoning with : - | Phenytoin. | Methanol | Ethylene glycol | All of the above | 0a | multi | #NAME? | Forensic Medicine | Toxicology - 3 |
9d1499d1-443a-45c6-9790-c53eea13d8fe | A 3–year–old boy presents with fever; dysuria and gross hematuria. Physical examination shows a prominent suprapubic area which is dull on percussion. Urinalysis reveals red blood cells but no proteinuria. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis – | Acute glomerulonepluitis | Urinary tract infection | Posterior urethral valves | Teratoma | 2c | single | It is a case of Posterior Urethral Valve presenting with Urinary tract Infection.
PUV is the most common cause of obstructive uropathy in a male child.
The key to diagnosis are -
Age and sex of the patient
Urinary tract infection is rare in a male child, greater than one year old and less than 5 years old. Presence o... | Pediatrics | null |
0a3261b6-dbfd-4a77-a14a-06069c17f087 | Which of the following is seen in mania: September 2011 | Low activity | Over activity | Normal activity | None of the above | 1b | multi | Ans. B: Over activity Manic episode: There is an increased psychomotor activity, ranging from overactiveness and restlessness, to manic excitement where the person is 'on-the-toe-on-the-go', (i.e. involved in ceaseless activity) Bipolar disorder (BPD): Mania alone may be categorized as BPD, but depression alone is not ... | Psychiatry | null |
79cce33d-5409-4126-abad-9f0ba94a6c4d | Which of the following is not true about newborn assessment | APGAR at 7 min indicates neonatal moality depression | APGAR at 1 min, indicators for neonatal resuscitation | Fetus can raoidly washout CO2 through placenta | Anaerobic metabolism causes acidemia | 0a | multi | The Apgar score is based on a total score of 1 to 10. The higher the score, the better the baby is doing after bih. A score of 7, 8, or 9 is normal and is a sign that the newborn is in good health. Reference: GHAI Essential pediatrics, 8th edition | Pediatrics | New born infants |
db723471-6f54-4534-ab8c-5cbd65b10d1c | ECF best value is given by | Mannitol | Inulin | D2O | Evan's blue | 1b | single | ECF volume is measured using inulin which is a polysaccharide.(Ref: Textbook of physiology N Geetha 2nd edition page no.61) | Physiology | General physiology |
3fba46b6-fd70-4739-a054-b5b32b243edd | Which of the following statements is true about new formula WHO–ORS? | It has Na+ ion concentration of 75 mM/L | Its glucose concentration is 75 mM/L | Its total osmolarity is 245 mOsm/L | All of the above | 3d | multi | null | Pharmacology | null |
784bad5e-6379-46a1-b9f8-abbd906e5566 | True statement(s) regarding feeding of HIV-infected child is/are –a) Breast feeding for 4–6 months then start weaningb) Breast feeding for 1 year then start weaning c) Exclusively top feedingd) Breast feeding for 6 months & then rapid weaning | ab | bc | bd | cd | 3d | multi | HIV infection can be transmitted from infected mother to fetus by breast feeding (though this is the least common mode of vertical transmission for HIV).
It seems reasonable for women to substitute infant formula (top feeding) for breast milk if they are known to be HIV infected or are at risk for ongoing sexual or par... | Pediatrics | null |
6b7f21d5-934e-42c5-9a2c-b0fa7f1cfa7d | Best investigation for carcinoma colon | Barium enema | Colonic biopsy | Clinical examination | Colonscopy | 3d | single | null | Surgery | null |
6ae2d9d8-8768-40cf-868d-378eb9f08e9b | An elderly female patient presented with hematuria and on imaging was found to have stage T2 transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Which of the following statements about management of her condition is true: | History of smoking is not a risk factor | Cystoscopic fulgration is the standard treatment | There is no role of chemotherapy | 70% chance of requiring cystectomy in 5 years after TUR | 3d | multi | Cigarette smoking is the main etiological factor and accounts for about 50% of bladder cancers.
Stage T2 implies muscularis propriae invasive disease. The standard treatment for muscle invasive disease is radical cystectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy (and not cystoscopic fulgration).
Chemotherapy has a role in TCC.
... | Surgery | null |
bc4da119-b151-4446-8abb-54c62f303efb | Which of the following refractory is used to counteract most of the expansion | Quartz | Cristobalite | Tridymite | Corundum | 1b | single | null | Dental | null |
6dffb1da-baf0-4428-80f7-5cb2da29e7e7 | Pogonion is | Most inferior point on the contour of the chin | Lowest point on the syrn physeal outline | Most posterior inferior point on the angle of the mandible | Anterior most point on the contour of the chin | 3d | single | null | Dental | null |
7a7d903a-1a98-4d08-885b-f635f3e19f51 | SARS most common in ? | Coal miners | School kids | Pregnancy | Health care workers | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Health care workers Health care workers, especially those involved in procedures generating aerosols, accounted for 21 per cent of all cases. Maximum virus excretion from the respiratory tract occurs on about day 10 of illness and then declines. The efficiency of transmission appears to be greatest fo... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
c764a4c5-9b9b-4f9c-9ba8-94abca2a2808 | Causes of dysfunctional uterine bleeding can be:a) Uterine polypb) Fibroidc) Granulosa cell tumourd) Irregular ripening of endometriume) Irregular shedding of endometrium | ab | bc | cd | de | 3d | single | DUB is defined as a state of abnormal uterine bleeding without any clinically detectable organic pelvic pathology.
DUB is of 2 types: 1. Anovulatory (80%)
2. Ovulatory (20%)
Anovulatory (80%): • Threshold bleeding of puberty menorrhagia
•... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
96ab4ccf-0432-458b-94b8-362beb216f80 | All are characteristics of Rett syndrome Except | Microcephaly | Autistic behavior | Autosomal recessive inheritance | Peculiar wringing motion of the hands | 2c | multi | The genetics of Rett syndrome has not yet been determined. Although it is thought to be a genetic syndrome, no inheritance pattern and no enzymatic deficiency or other metabolic explanation has been established for Rett syndrome. The other characteristics (autistic behavior, microcephaly, the peculiar wringing motion o... | Pediatrics | Growth and development |
37f40939-4a90-41fe-b32e-f17938e9a193 | Least common presentation of HCC | PUO | Mass | Jaundice | Weakness | 0a | single | On rare occasions, HCC can present as a rupture with the sudden onset of abdominal pain followed by hypovolemic shock secondary to intraperitoneal bleeding Other rare presentations include hepatic vein occlusion (Budd-Chiari syndrome), obstructive jaundice, hemobilia or fever of unknown origin(PUO) Ref: Sabiston 20th e... | Anatomy | G.I.T |
67506720-64c3-44a1-850c-49edaf677c0c | Cribriform plate is a pa of? | Ethmoid | Maxilla | Nasal | Frontal | 0a | single | Ethmoid is a very light cuboidal bone situated in the anterior of base of cranial cavity between the two orbits; 1. Pa of medial orbital walls 2. Pa of nasal septum 3. Pa of root of orbit 4. Lateral walls of the nasal cavity Ethmoid bone comprises 1 cribriform plate 2. Perpendicular plate 3. A pair of labyrinth Ref BDC... | Anatomy | Head and neck |
0aef5dc1-d011-4559-900e-7bee4a83a0b0 | Definitive host is one in which the following lives - | Larvae | Asexual form | Adult form | A or B | 2c | single | HOST A host is a person or other animal, including birds and ahropods that affords subsistence or lodgement to an infectious agent under natural conditions. Definitive host (primary host): A host in which parasite attains maturity or passes its sexual stage. Intermediate host(secondary host), A host in which larval or ... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Environment and health |
87dcff16-12f0-46e4-bb0e-f9d3e5e688ab | Caries activity is increased in | Xerostomia | Sugar diet | Taking much carbohydrate food | None | 0a | multi | null | Dental | null |
4a7bef83-278a-4bea-9ddd-58fc38699f87 | All the following structures develop from Mandibular arch except | Anterior belly of Digastric | Mylohyoid | Posterior belly of Digastric | Tensor Tympani | 2c | multi | Posterior belly of digastric is developed from the second archMuscles of first arch (mandibular)Medial and lateral pterygoids, Masseter, Temporalis, Mylohyoid, Anterior belly of digastric, Tensor tympani, and Tensorpalati.Reference: Inderbir Singh Embryology; 10th edition; Page no: 132 | Anatomy | General anatomy |
c3419867-b9d6-491b-bbab-a1f720c03d0e | Which of the following has highest glycemic index: | Glucose | Sucrose | Fructose | Sorbitol | 0a | single | Glycemic index (GI)- Definition -Increase in blood glucose after the test dose of a carbohydrate compared with that of an equivalent amount of glucose. The highest glycemic index is for glucose & galactose High GI maltose, trehalose isomaltose lactose Fructose and sugar alcohols have less glycemic index HFCS (High Fruc... | Biochemistry | Classification of carbohydrate |
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