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90988bbc-1600-4bd9-aa16-01dfbc79e8b1 | The pair of muscles whose tendons are attached symmetrically to the medial cuneiform bone are | Tibialis posterior and Peroneus longus | Tibialis anterior and Peroneus teius | Tibialis posterior and Peroneus brevis | Tibialis anterior and Peroneus brevis | 0a | multi | CUNEIFORM BONES:- Medial, intermediate and lateral.Medial- largestIntermediate- smallest Medial cuneiform:-Lateral surface has a L shaped facet for intermediate cuneiform.Attachments- Tibialis anterior Tibialis posterior Peroneus longus. Intermediate:-Lateral surface has a veical facet for lateral cuneiform bone.Attach... | Anatomy | Lower limb |
4c4c8ee6-6ce1-4ba3-9f37-c0d289196861 | Bronchogenic sequestration is seen in whicj lobe - | Lefto lower lobe | Right upper lobe | Left middle lobe | Left upper lobe | 0a | single | Ref:Harsh Mohan - Textbook of Pathology, 6th Edition.page no.462 BRONCHOPULMONARY SEQUESTRATION Sequestration is the presence of lobes or segments of lung tissue which are not connected to the airway system. The blood supply of the sequestered area is not from the pulmonary aeries but from the aoa or its branches. Sequ... | Pathology | Respiratory system |
320bef24-8b47-4ad9-839b-43eeeeb2a5e7 | True statement regarding use of antiepileptic drugs in pregnancy | valproate is associated with NTD | Multiple drug should be given | carbamazepine is used as monotherapy | phenytoin can produce foetal hydantoin syndrome | 0a | multi | Neural tube defects are associated with valproate. fetal anticonvulsant syndrome or fetal hydantoin syndrome :risk is increased with the number of drugs.the cause is thought to be folate defeciency as these drugs interfere with folate metabolism monotherapy is associated with lower risk TEXTBOOK OF GYNECOLOGY,SHEILA BA... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Medical, surgical and gynaecological illness complicating pregnancy |
970e0794-5118-4756-8829-00d5fbe697a8 | Upper GI endoscopy is indicated in all, except: | Peptic ulceration | Achalasia cardia | Barrett's esophagus | Corrosive ingestion delayed phase | 3d | multi | Ans. (d) Corrosive ingestion delayed phaseRef: Bailey and Love 26th Edition, Page 994* For corrosive ingestion endoscopy must be planned in early; phase within 48 hours* Endoscopy beyond 48 hours has more chances of perforation* Achalasia cases before endoscopy must be aspirated by Ryles tube in mediastinum | Surgery | Oesophagus |
450238f4-74a7-4bfc-8d9a-9d58a2544393 | Which of the following harmone is an example of peptide harmone? | Paratharmone | Dopamine | Cortisol | Thyroxine | 0a | single | Paratharmone is a polypeptide harmone.
Dopamine and thyroxine is amino acid derivative.
Cortisol is a steroid harmone. | Physiology | null |
4f1a6f23-ea96-469b-9710-c32c8a2f205a | EEG taken during which of the following sleep stages shows sleep spindles? | Stage 1 | Stage 2 | Stage 3 | Stage 4 | 1b | single | Stage 2 sleep, a component of Non REM sleep is characterised by the presence of sleep spindles and K complexes. Sleep spindles appears as sinusoidal waves occurring at a frequency of 12-14 Hz. K complexes are occasional high voltage biphasic waves. Stage 1 sleep is characterised by the presence of theta waves 4-Hz). In... | Physiology | null |
39423a39-a3f5-415e-a715-71f4c99ae651 | Lung compliance is increased in | The presence of intra-alveolar fluid | Acute respiratory distress syndrome | Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis | Emphysema | 3d | single | Compliance is a measure of distensibility 1 static compliance(compliance when lungs at rest) Causes of decreased static compliance : a) interstitial fibrosis b)atelectasis c)pneumonia d) pulmonary edema e) ARDS 2 dynamic compliance:compliance with airway resistance Decreased in Broncho spasm like asthma. | Medicine | Respiratory system |
328448bc-4bb7-46e5-a165-48e0154607fa | If in a locality API is more than 2, the folloiwng is done- | 2 round of DDT per year with active surveillance | 2 rounds of DDT per year with active and passive surveillance | Only active and passive surveillance | 2 rounds of DDT per year only | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., 2 rounds of DDT per year with active and passive surveillance | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
84f74975-3874-4f53-abc3-ea8d4098c009 | Wax pattern is ideally invested immediately to decrease the dimensional changes caused by: | Decrease flow | Continuous expansion | Relaxation of the internal stresses | Water loss | 2c | multi | null | Dental | null |
b87fc5e2-fe0f-4903-86c7-4c6df3830544 | Erythroderma % of skin involved is - | >90% | <30% | 30-60% | 60-70% | 0a | single | ERYTHRODERMA:-Erythema and scaling involving more than 90% of the body surface area. When scaling is the predominant feature-exfoliative dermatitis. Etiology:-1. Pre existing skin disease-psoriasis,lichen planus,contact dermatitis,seborrheic dermatitis,crusted scabies.2. Drugs- Allopurinol,Dapsone,Gold,Nifedipine,Sulph... | Dental | Dermatitis |
7efa1de8-f453-416f-94f6-6912bffb63bc | A 8-year old child was injected contrast in hand for CECT chest. Immediately he developed swelling in the arm which gradually increased. After 4 hours, there was numbness and pain, and he was not allowing the doctor to flex the hand. Pulse is present. What should be done? | High dose prednisolone | Arterial thrombectomy | Immediate fasciotomy | Angiography | 2c | multi | Ans. c. Immediate fasciotomy (Ref: Rockwood 6/e p2127-2129; Apley 9/e p714, 8/e p728-729)Immediate development of swelling in the arm after contrast injection with numbness and pain is highly suggestive of compartment syndrome due to extravasation of contrast medium. Best treatment is immediate fasciotomy, so that cont... | Radiology | Ultrasonography, CT, and MRI |
73cfab55-a0a0-4821-bb07-89a5fd74c8e7 | Which of the following is not a legal ground for divorce? | Adultery | Forced conversion to another religion | Either pay was mentally unsound from the time of marriage | Either spouse not being heard from for 7 years or more | 2c | multi | If either pay is mentally unsound from the time of marriage the marriage is void and hence no divorce is possible. Divorce is only applicable for the dissolution of a previously valid marriage. Grounds for divorce also includes: Cruelty, deseion, mental unsoundness developing after marriage, communicable venereal disea... | Forensic Medicine | null |
4fbd7fa0-3a20-4da7-bc53-45d18bfb7277 | Drug treatment of acne vulgaris – a) Minocyclineb) Penicillinc) Co-triamoxazoled) Gentamycine) Tetracycline | ace | bde | cde | ade | 0a | single | null | Dental | null |
e44cae45-ba24-4b31-b13f-869276d29d2c | A patient of head injury, has no relatives and requires urgent cranial decompression, doctor should: | Operate without formal consent | Take police consent | Wait for relatives to take consent | Take magistrate consent | 0a | single | Operate without formal consent is necessary in this case, delay will lead to death of the patient. Ref: Parikh's Textbook of Medical Jurisprudence Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, 5th Edition, Page 569 and 6th Edition, Page 1.37 | Forensic Medicine | null |
b1f79ff4-0f34-4e75-a22b-07f8873c52ce | The commonest site of an intraperitoneal abscess | Pelvis | Subphrenic space | Periappendicular | Paracolic gutter | 0a | single | Pelvis is the most common intraperitoneal abscess.(50-60%).It is the collection of pus in rectovesical or rectouterine pouch(pouch of Douglas). The pelvis is the commonest site of an intraperitoneal abscess because the vermiform appendix is often pelvic in position and the fallopian tubes are frequent sites of infectio... | Surgery | G.I.T |
0ba96e24-d77e-4d1d-a445-5af9a3cff124 | Patient with a metallic foreign body in eye, which investigation is not done. | MRI | USG | X-ray | CT | 0a | multi | A i.e. MRI | Radiology | null |
811346a3-39b6-4f27-9032-8a77e6e24a28 | Following is transmitted as autosomal dominant disorder - | Albinism | Sickle cell anemia | Hereditary spherocytosis | Glycogen storage disease | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Hereditary spherocytosis o Hereditary spherocytosis is an autosomal dominant disorder,o Other three disorders (given in question) are autosomal recessive.Autosomal dominant disordersNervousUrinaryGITHematologicalSkeletalMetabolico Huntington diseaseo Polycystic kidneyo Familial polyposis colio Heridit... | Pathology | Mendelian Disorders: Single-Gene Defects |
19b7584f-086b-475c-943d-66d3454aaeff | Which of the following is not a feature of fetal alcohol syndrome ? | Microcephaly | Low intelligence | Large proportionate body | Intrauterine growth retardation | 2c | single | null | Pharmacology | null |
197f95eb-55d3-4847-bf45-41deb114cb63 | Minimal pleural effusion is best detected by X–ray...view – | A.P. | P.A | Lateral | Oblique | 2c | single | Lateral decubitus view is the best view to detect minimal pleural effusion. | Radiology | null |
ef246567-3579-43b9-8f51-29ebe3d8a2e8 | Action of the alpha subunit of G-protein is: | Binding of antagonist | Breakdown of GTP to GDP | Conversion of GDP to GTP | All of the above | 1b | multi | The α-subunit has GTPase activity: the bound GTP is slowly hydrolysed to GDP: the α-subunit then dissociates from the effector to rejoin its other subunits, but not before the effector has been activated / inhibited for several seconds (much longer than the life-time of the activated receptor, which is in milliseconds)... | Pharmacology | null |
7ebc76cd-6ac9-485f-b960-9eaeff4da121 | Aerial supply of tonsil is mainly by: | Maxillary aery | Tonsillar branch of facial aery | Middle meningeal aery | Internal carotid aery | 1b | single | Ans. B Facial aery The aerial supply to the tonsil derives mainly from the tonsillar branch of the facial aery and the descending palatine aery; veins drain into the pharyngeal plexus and the lymphatic drainage from the tonsil is into the upper deep cervical lymph nodes, which may enlarge during tonsillar infection. Th... | ENT | null |
e477a8ea-e46d-4f34-8bbc-0fba55be8373 | O2 delivery to tissue is decreased by: | 4,ed Haemoglobin level | Ted HCO3 | Ted Pa CO2 | All | 0a | multi | A i.e. 4-ed Hemoglobin level | Physiology | null |
1ca54f1c-9ea2-4fba-a43f-23e7aae85b99 | Which of the following cannot been seen radiographically? | Interproximal caries | Root caries | Deep caries | None of the above | 3d | multi | null | Radiology | null |
b3efa7be-9363-4ba0-b4c8-01c57dc03989 | Negative intrapleural pressure is due to: | uniform distribution of surfactant over alveoli | negative intraalveolar pressure | absorption b lymphatics | presence of cailage in the upper airway | 2c | single | absorption by lymphatics "A negative force is always required on the outside of the lungs to keep the lungs expanded. This is provided by negative pressure in the normal pleural space. The basic cause of this negative pressure is pumping of fluid from the space by the lymphatics (which is also the basis of the negative... | Physiology | null |
c472be31-c49e-4f6e-8124-059fba21e1aa | Which of the following is characteristic of the mucosal immune system? | A vigorous response is made to all nonself antigens encountered | Chronic inflammation makes an inhospitable environment for microbes | IL-2 and IFN-g contribute to a Th-1 like environment | Tolerance to foreign antigens is the norm rather than the exception | 3d | multi | Ans. (d)Because the mucosal immune system is constantly exposed to so many nonself epitopes that are essentially harmless, it is tolerant of most of them. Although it can respond to microbes that pose a pathogenic threat, the mucosal system generally avoids the development of chronic inflammation because of the damage ... | Microbiology | Immunology |
c8eda208-b684-44ef-9e55-4468a6c2c72f | Galactorrhea, a milky discharge from the nipple in nonpregnant women, is most likely to be associated with which of the following? | Fibroadenoma | Tubular adenoma | Pituitary adenoma | Hyperparathyroidism | 2c | single | Galactorrhea is fairly common up to old age. The discharge may vary in color from brown to milky. Hormonal causes are associated with elevated prolactin levels or with pituitary or thyroid disorders. Tranquilizers have also been implicated. Simple abscesses do not cause galactorrhea. | Surgery | Breast |
eb3a4e60-5c9a-4589-b452-30137e64429f | A 6 hrs old snake bite patient come to emergency with mild local oedema at the injury site on examination no abnormality detected, laboratory investigation shows normal report, most appropriate management | Intravenous antisnake venom | Incision and suction | Wait & watch | Locally subcutaneous antisnake venom | 2c | multi | Ans. is 'c' i.e Wait & Watch Most of the snake bites are from non-venomous snakes. Even in venomous snakes bites, inadequate snake venom is injected in more than half of the cases, producing mild symptoms.If the snake is poisonous signs and symptoms appear within 10 minutes to half an hour in case of Elapids (Cobras, K... | Forensic Medicine | Forensic Toxicology - Concepts, Statutes, Evidence, and Techniques |
0cf61ffb-7b29-4cfb-8a69-aa52311a97a5 | Glucose is conveed to sorbitol by | Aldolase B | Aldose reductase | Sorbitol Dehydrogenase | UDP galactose 4 epimerase | 1b | single | In lens, the enzyme aldose reductase reduces monosaccharides to corresponding sugar alcohols; glucose to sorbitol and galactose to galactitol. POLYOL PATHWAY OF GLUCOSE - Sorbitol is very poorly absorbed from intestine. It involves the reduction of glucose by aldose reductase to sorbitol, which can then be oxidized to ... | Biochemistry | Metabolism of carbohydrate |
35f3b485-b6f0-4cc2-a8d6-59f6d7da4f43 | Which among the following does NOT lead to pigment gallstone? | TPN | Clonorchis sinensis | Hemolytic anemia | Alcoholic cirrhosis | 0a | multi | Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is associated with cholesterol and mixed stones. They develop sludge and stones due to stasis as there is no stimulus for contraction. Predisposing factors for pigment gallstone formation: Demographic/genetic factors: Asia, rural setting Chronic hemolysis Alcoholic cirrhosis Pernicious ... | Surgery | null |
0e7aa125-bee2-4ea6-aa60-06a0157b1ad9 | Following predispose to glaucoma, except: | Flat cornea | Increased length of eyeball | Angular recession | Big size of cilliary body | 1b | multi | Increased length of eyeball | Ophthalmology | null |
e2676d6a-89bb-4148-aeee-4193855f89c6 | Bursa communicating with the shoulder joint space is | Infraspinatous bursa | Subscapular bursa | Subcoracoid bursa | Subacromian bursa | 1b | single | Infraspinatus bursa may communicate with the shoulder joint. Subacromial bursa separates the acromion process and the coracoacromial ligaments from supraspinatus tendon and permit smooth motion. B D Chaurasia 7th edition Page no: 148 | Anatomy | Upper limb |
ff71dab0-5a82-4552-8672-d60388dedcc4 | Retraining comprises of: | Avoidance. | Substitution. | Distraction. | All of the above. | 3d | multi | null | Dental | null |
79a14b9d-4839-4faf-aed4-9b1e3cc559eb | PlateIet function defect is seen in -a) Glanzmana syndromeb) Bernard soulier syndromec) Wiskot Aldrich syndromed) Von-Willebrand diseasee) Weber christian disease | acd | abd | abc | ab | 1b | single | null | Medicine | null |
2b11354c-0ea8-44d6-a377-955e7119f2cc | Viral infection not transmitted by blood transfusion is | Parvovirus B-19 | Dengue virus | Cytomegalovirus | Hepatitis G virus | 1b | single | Dengue fever is transmitted by the bite of Aedes aegypti mosquito. Parvovirus transmission through respiratory route and blood. Hepatitis by parental, sexual and perinatal. Cytomegalovirus - transmitted by transplacental route, postnatal infection by sexual intercourse, blood transfusion and organ transplantation. Ref:... | Microbiology | Virology |
04adf30b-13c7-4a02-99a5-2622a32a4f9b | Which of the following condition result in ahritis without erosion of the bones? | Psoriasis | Rheumatoid ahritis | Osteoahritis | SLE | 3d | single | Among the options given, SLE is associated with non erosive type ahritis most commonly affecting the hands and wrists. Subluxation or dislocation without erosive disease is the hallmark of SLE. | Medicine | null |
eb86ccbc-a5ab-4c72-85b8-d88c0796f794 | A grand multipara is a women who has given bih to bihs: | >2 | >3 | >4 | >=5 | 3d | single | Grand multigravida - >= 5 times pregnant Problems related : Malpresentation Meconium stained liquor Placenta pre Abruption ' PPH Umbilical cord prolapse Low apgar score | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | FMGE 2019 |
0e2befe2-1361-4e77-8c12-777dabc107e3 | Treatment of choice in neurocysticercoses of T. Solium | Mebendazole | Albendazole | Praziquentel | Metronidazole | 1b | single | (B) (Albendazole) (3431-H 18th)* Albendazole 15 mg/kg daily for a minimum of 8 days has become the drug of choice for parenchymal neurocysticercosis (380- Davidson 22nd)* Approximately 85% of parenclymal cysts are destroyed by a single course fo albendazole and 75% are destroyed by a single course of praziquantel for 1... | Medicine | Infection |
b3560599-d4eb-493d-9101-ea6666b79ddb | Test used for detection of blood are all except ? | Benzidine test | Phenophthalein test | Ohotoluidine test | Rcine's test | 3d | multi | Ans. is `d' i.e., Reine's test Nature of stain (whether the stain is blood or not) To determine the nature of stain, following tests are used :? 1) Chemical tests These tests are based on the peroxidase activity of haematin, which is, derived from oxidation of haem of haemoglobin or methemoglobin,present. This enzyme, ... | Forensic Medicine | null |
7b8079ab-082b-437f-917a-0b88ce780e46 | A 6 year old child has a DQ of 50. Which of the following can the child do? | Identifies 5 colors | Speaks sho sentences | Ride a bicycle | Copy a triangle | 1b | single | At 3 years, a child can name 2 colors. At 5 years, a child can name 5 colors. DQ = Developmental age x 100/actual age 6 year old child has a DQ of 50; so his developmental age is 3 years. So he can do milestones corresponding to 3 years only. Gross Development delay=It occurs when DQ is less than 70% in >= 2 domains of... | Pediatrics | Abnormalities of Development |
08c69f87-fbc7-4e84-99cf-6bad6eea0983 | Anterior interventricular aery is a branch of | Right coronary aery | Left coronary aery | Circumflex aery | Left anterior descending aery | 1b | single | LEFT CORONARY AERY It is larger than the right coronary aery.It arises from the left posterior aoic sinus. Branches A.Large branches 1.Anterior interventricular 2.Branches to the diaphragmatic surface of the left ventricle,including a large diagonal branch. B.Small branches 1.Left atrial 2.Pulmonary 3.Terminal REF.B D ... | Anatomy | Thorax |
0743454c-e310-4414-84f6-a6c1a632db7f | Hand and foot syndrome is an adverse effect of | 5-Flurouracil | Bleomycin | Etoposide | Actinomycin-D | 0a | single | Ref-Katzung 11/e p947 Capecitabine and 5-FU can cause hand and foot syndrome | Anatomy | Other topics and Adverse effects |
9e823728-e976-4d49-b384-2dec2e26058f | Kamla, age 48 yrs, presents with unilateral mild axial proptosis. There is no redness or pain. Investigation of choice is : | T3 &T4 measurements to rule out thyrotoxicosis | CT scan to rule out meningioma | Doppler to rule out hemangioma | USG to rule out orbital pseudotumor | 0a | single | A i.e. T3 & T4 measurement to rule out thyrotoxicosis | Ophthalmology | null |
fe8145bf-0f29-48df-a19b-f7aebecae2e1 | Which of the following does not have a corresponding releasing hormone from the hypothalamus? | FSH | TSH | ACTH | Prolactin | 3d | single | Prolactin secretion is under negative feedback control of hypothalamus through the release of dopamine, which normally exerts a tonic inhibition. There is no known specific hypothalamic prolactin releasing hormone.
Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary : | Physiology | null |
7c7ef5e9-2d4e-4fe6-82db-6de5fd31f903 | After overnight fasing, levels of glucosetranpoers reduced in | Brain cells | RBCs | Adipocytes | Hepatocytes | 2c | single | Adipocytes (Ref: Harper 28/e, p138, 171 (26/e p160, 232); Lippincott Biochem 3/e p310; Ganong23/e p320] Overnight fasting causes insulin levels to fall. This decreases the number of glucose transpoers which are insulin dependent. Insulin dependent glucose transpoers are GLUT-4, present in adipocytes, skeletal and cardi... | Biochemistry | null |
7f6297d4-f95e-4655-a208-424e2851bf43 | How is primary amoebic meningoencephalitis most likely acquired? | Diving or swimming in contaminated water | Intravenous drug abuse | Using human excrement as vegetable feilizer | Eating raw fish or seafood | 0a | single | PRIMARY AMOEBIC ENCEPHALITIS :- - Infection spreads post swimming in contaminated water. - Enters Olfactory mucosa in nose Treatment: Miltefosine + Amphotericin B | Medicine | parasitic infection |
a30f08fc-a3f4-4c46-a5b9-0d0f4fba1bba | A tuft of flagella present at one or both ends of bacterial cell is known as: | Monotrichous | Amphitrichous | Lophotrichous | Peritrichous | 2c | multi | Arrangement/Types
(i) Monotrichous—Single polar flagellum at one end. e.g. Vibrio cholerae.
(ii) Amphitrichous—Single flagellum at both the ends. e.g. Alcaligenes faecalis.
(iii) Lophotrichous—Tuft of flagella at one or both ends. e.g. Spirilla.
(iv) Peritrichous—Flagella arranged all round the cell. e.g. Salmonella ty... | Microbiology | null |
59e53ea2-fbb5-4a00-928d-c67235bf6ea2 | Cytokine for activating macrophage and conveing to epitheloid cell or giant cell ? | IL2 | IL 17 | TNF alpha | IFN gamma | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., IFN gamma Granulomatous inflammation is a form of chronic inflammation characterized by collections of activated macrophages, often with T lymphocytes, and sometimes associated with central necrosis. These granulomas are type IV hypersensitivity reaction that involves CD4-helper T-cells. Helper T-cell... | Pathology | null |
0b6b0517-992d-41cb-84d2-bed720e6ec96 | Ureteral tumor occurs most frequently in- | Upper 1/3 of ureter | Middle 1/3 of ureter | Lower 1/3 of ureter | Equally along the length of ureter | 2c | multi | Cancer of the ureter (ureteral cancer) is a type of cancer that begins in the cells that line the inside of the tubes (ureters) that connect your kidneys to your bladder. Ureters are pa of the urinary tract, and they carry urine produced by the kidneys to the bladder. Ureteral cancer is uncommon | Pathology | Urinary tract |
9c7dd351-c7ea-405e-acd9-286aa5f768e0 | X-linked recessive disorder with mental retardation and self mutilation is seen in - | Lesch - Nyhan syndrome | Fragile X - syndrome | Down syndrome | All of the above | 0a | multi | X-linked recessive disorder causing MR :- Lesch - Nyhan syndrome, Hunter's syndrome.
Self-mutilation behavior is seen in Lesch - Nyhan syndrome. | Psychiatry | null |
85321392-bda2-4914-95b3-eff5cfd6e5f0 | Delayed wound healing is seen in all except: | Malignancy | Hypeension | Diabetes | Infection | 1b | multi | Factors influencing healing of wound. site structure involved mechanism of wounding contamination loss of tissue local factors Systemic factors Factors that inhibit wound healing LOCAL FACTORS Infections Ischemia Foreign body Hematoma Movement Mechanical stress Necrotic tissue Tissue tension Large defect SYSTEMIC FACTO... | Surgery | Wound Healing, Tissue Repair and Scar |
d928a80f-cb78-486f-9846-7ac75a9d76c1 | Satellite lesions are seen in | Indeterminate leprosy | Borderline leprosy | Borderline tuberculoid leprosy | Tubeculoid leprosy | 3d | single | Erythematous, well-defined, dry plaque with well-defined outer border and loss of appendages. Satellite lesions can be observed surrounding the large plaque. BT leprosy in Type 1 reaction presenting with ulnar nerve abscess and subsequent deformity in the form of ulnar clawing Ref Harrison20th edition pg 1234 | Dental | Bacterial infections |
8f5c0144-a2b6-4be8-9bea-778a628c3faa | Chronic hepatitis C infection is associated with which psychological illness that may worsen with IF-a treatment? | OCD | PTSD | Depression | Schizophrenia | 2c | single | The relationship between depression and disease progression is multifactorial and likely to involve psychological and social factors, alterations in immune function, and central nervous system disease. Chronic hepatitis C infection is associated with depression, which may worsen with interferon-a treatment. | Pathology | All India exam |
6e2c44a8-5383-45b2-a839-f22110a458d5 | A child comes with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome secondary to FSGS, not responsive to methylprednisolone. What next should be given – | Oral cyclophosphamide | Oral cyclosporine | Oral mycophenolate | IV cyclophosphamide | 1b | single | The treatment options for steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome are:
Calcineurin inhibitors (cyclosporine, Tacrolinzus)
IV or oral cyclophosphamide
Levamisol
Mycophenolate
Pulse corticosteroid
All above immunosuppressants are used along with corticosteroids (Prednisolone or methylprednisolone).
Cyclosporine and c... | Pediatrics | null |
6ef3dd0c-c3ee-49d5-a551-046e3e3b8930 | Which of the following is associated with destruction of valves? | Acute infective endocarditis | Libman sach's endocarditis | Rheumatic Hea disease | All | 0a | multi | Acute endocarditis referes to tumultuous v, destructive infections frequently involving a highly virulent organism attacking va previously normal value and capable of causing substantial morbidity and moality even with appropriate antibiotic therapy and surgery Robbins 9 th edition page no. 393 | Pathology | Cardiovascular system |
d56c5c68-340a-4d70-b8ae-697c08653614 | Bernoulli's theorem explains - | Nasal polyp | Thyroglossal cyst | Zenker's diverticulum | Laryngomalacia | 0a | single | The increased speed of the air flowing through the nose decreases the pressure in the nasal cavity (Bernoulli's theorem) which pulls down the polyp. | ENT | null |
29f77ef3-4faa-46dc-b87c-13bde5bc2055 | Platelet adhesion to collagen is mediated by which of the following | Factor 8 | Factor 9 | Von willebrand factor | Fibronectin | 2c | single | Ref Robbins 8/e p116-118 Von Willebrand Factor's primary function is binding to other proteins, in paicular factor VIII, and it is impoant in platelet adhesion to wound sites. It is not an enzyme and, thus, has no catalytic activity. VWF binds to a number of cells and molecules. The most impoant ones are: Factor VIII i... | Anatomy | General anatomy |
0df429b9-806a-44e3-bf8d-160272db03e6 | Muscle spindle detects | Tension | Length | Proprioception | Stretch | 1b | single | Muscle spindles are sensory receptors within the belly of a muscle that primarily detect changes in the length of this muscle. They convey length information to the central nervous system sensory neurons. Ref guyton and hall textbook of medical physiology 12/e pg 71 | Physiology | General physiology |
ea4c19f4-4e56-4c2c-bac0-c159769581d0 | Most common cancer in men is | Bladder cancer | Colorectal cancer | Prostate cancer | Oral cancer | 2c | single | Answer- C. Prostate cancerCancers in males in India: Lip / oralcavity > Prostate > Colorectum > Pharynx (other than nssopharynx) > Larytx | Surgery | null |
270bdd6a-699e-457d-9a3a-07ea37ed34b5 | Lockwood repair is done in | Appendicitis | Femoral hernia | Deep vein thrombosis | Sigmoid volvulus | 1b | single | null | Surgery | null |
cb529d1e-e0bc-424a-ac2c-5ba79adf6ae4 | Which set of hormonal changes is most likely to occur in the plasma in response to the large dose of insulin injection? | Growth Hormone Glucagon Epinephrine | | - | Growth Hormone Glucagon Epinephrine - | | | Growth Hormone Glucagon Epinephrine | | | | Growth Hormone Glucagon Epinephrine | | | | 2c | single | Large dose of insulin injection will cause hypoglycaemia. Hypoglycemia triggers increased secretion of at least four counterregulatory hormones: glucagon, epinephrine, growth hormone, and coisol. Insulin inhibits glucagon secretion, so low blood glucose has an indirect effect on glucagon secretion through removal of in... | Physiology | Endocrine System |
2301c603-5f3c-4689-a151-5d36f6f3f86c | Loxoscelism is a condition caused by the bite of which of the following? | Brown recluse spider | Blister beetle | Rove beetle | Thunder fly | 0a | single | Loxoscelism is caused by the bite of brown recluse spider/violin/fiddle back spider. Blister and rove beetles release vesicating fluid when it is crushed against skin resulting in acute irritant contact dermatitis. Ref: Rook's Textbook of Dermatology, 8th Edition, Page 38.26, 38.32. | Skin | null |
b2dfc2b1-657d-4003-83ed-0631bb035252 | Norepinephrine action at synaptic cleft is terminated by- | Metabolism by COMT | Metabolism by MAO | Reuptake | Metabolism by acetylchelinesterase | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Reuptake o Metabolism does not play an impoant role in terminating the action of neuronally releases CAs. o It is axonal uptake which is responsible for terminating the action of CAs. | Pharmacology | null |
3e56f3b3-f48e-4b37-af83-5355b5a5d5d6 | Indication for lung transplantation is: | COPD | Alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency | Cystic fibrosis | All of the above | 3d | multi | Ans. (d) All of the aboveRef: Sabiston 20th Page 1598Indications of lung transplantation* COPD* Pulmonary fibrosis* Primary pulmonary hypertension* Cystic fibrosis* Bronchiectasis | Surgery | Transplantation |
d499a3fa-d4ac-4bbd-9b9c-c7b0b5b64f7d | Mechanism of action of aspirin is inhibition of: | Thromboxane A2 synthesis | Phosphodiesterase | HMG-CoA reductase | Pancreatic lipase | 0a | single | Aspirin inactivates cyclo-oxygenase by irreversible acetylation of the enzyme and thereby inhibit the synthesis of throboxane A2. From medical pharmacology padmaja 4th edition Page no 344 | Pharmacology | Hematology |
3506aed7-6255-497c-9084-8aa52f53bf50 | Antitrypsin deficiency is associated with- | Restrictive lung pathology | Cystric fibrosis | Emphysema | Carcinoma | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., EmphysemaPathogenesis of Emphysema The most accepted theory in the pathogenesis of emphysema is protease - antiprotease mechanism which is responsible in the pathogenesis of two common forms of emphysema, i.e. centriacinar and panacinar.o The alveolar wall destruction results from an imbalance between... | Pathology | null |
c31ec43e-51d3-4cb5-ae72-e1a900bec879 | Metabolically the most active of the plasma lipids is | Phospholipids | Cholesterol | Triacylglycerol | Free fatty acids | 3d | multi | Free fatty acids
Plasma lipids consist of triacylglycerols (16%), phospholipids (30%), cholesterol (14%) and cholesteryl esters (36%), and a much smaller fraction of unesterified long chain fatty acids (4%). This latter fraction, the free fatty acids (FAA), is metabolically the most active of the plasma lipids. | Biochemistry | null |
7a4eb85b-c9dd-4b20-980e-7e990c9e7885 | Pasteurization is____________________disinfection | Precurrent | Concurrent | Preconcurrent | Terminal | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Precurrent 1. Types of disinfection Precurrent (prophylactic) disinfection o It is done as a preventive method (person is not ill). o For example --> Chlorination of water, pasteurization of milk, Handwashing. Concurrent disinfection 2. It is done when person is ill. o It is the application of disinfe... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
a16747da-20ad-4652-8bbb-fc274727684e | All ofthe following statements about cochlear implants are true, except- | Improved speech and sound perception | Better chance of acquiring normal or near normal verbal skills | Improved sound localization and discrimination is possible | Tinnitus enhancement in patients with tinnitus prior to implantation | 3d | multi | null | ENT | null |
e78103b3-05bb-4484-ae60-4ede2756ef5f | Edema over the mastoid is seen in- | Bell's Palsy | Lateral sinus thrombophlebitis | CSOM | ASOM | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Lateral sinus thrombophlebitis Signs of lateral sinus thrombosis (sigmoid sinus thrombosis)o Griesinger's sign:- odema over the posterior part of mastoid due to thrombosis of mastoid emissary veinso Papilloedemao Tobey-Ayer testo Crowe-Beck test:- Pressure on jugular vein of healthy side produces engo... | ENT | CSOM and its Complications |
7823935d-437e-4df7-a9e1-9324856c43d8 | Which one of the tissues putrefies late: | Brain | Prostate | Liver | Stomach | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e. prostateRef. Parik 6th/e p3.26 (5th/e p164)Prostate & testis in male and non gravid uterus and ovaries in female are the last organs to putrefy:As a general rule organs show putrefaction in following order:Larynx and TracheaStomach intestine and spleenLiver, LungsBrainHeartKidney, bladder, uterus, pros... | Forensic Medicine | Misc. |
62120b7e-9d76-49b3-bcd7-ea7775e7f613 | In a patient with history of anencephaly, what is the advise given? | Preiconceptional VIT A | Folic acid after conception | Periconceptional folic acid | Vit D as on conception | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Periconceptional folic acid* Folic acid is given in periconceptional period to prevent neural tube defects (like Anencephaly).Has been explained in previous sessions. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Miscellaneous (Gynae) |
71173db0-8a6d-49f4-b544-16ae68b3fa2c | Germ tube test is done for | Candida albicans | Candida tropicalis | Candida glabrata | Candida kefyr | 0a | single | Germ tube test / Reynold braude phenomenon - specific test for Candida albicans Colonies are mixed with human or sheep serum & incubated for 2 hours . Wet mount preparation is examined under microscope. Germ tubes are formed , describe as long tube like projections extending from yeast cells. | Microbiology | Mycology |
e7145a22-c7dc-4049-8dce-abb01a9fbd49 | All the following are materials used for fabrication of maxillofacial prosthesis EXCEPT | Vinyl chloride polymers | Acrylic resins | Silicone rubber | Fiber reinforced composite | 3d | multi | null | Dental | null |
c75fe58b-bf10-465a-a387-bba8ebcc8aad | Second common malignancy in patients of retinoblastoma is? | Osteosarcoma | Ewing s sarcoma | Medulloblastoma | Osteoblastoma | 0a | single | ANSWER: (A) OsteosarcomaREF: Khurana 4th ed p. 281Heritable germ line cases of retinoblastoma develop bilateral tumours and multifocal tumours, and carry a predisposition to develop trilateral tumours most notably pinealoblastomas and osteosarcomas.Retinoblastoma is most common primary intraocular malignanacy of childh... | Ophthalmology | Tumors |
f810f4e3-6327-4371-adf1-a0c562ab55c2 | RNA is present in ? | Cytoplasm | Nucleus | Ribosome | All of the above | 3d | multi | Ans. is `d' i.e., All of the above mRNA is synthesized from DNA by the process of transcription in the nucleus. After formation mRNA transpo out of the nucleus into cytoplasm. t-RNA is also synthesized in nucleus and is transpoed to cytoplasm. Protein synthesis (translation) occurs in ribosomes, and requires both mRNA ... | Biochemistry | null |
116b3476-84b9-4c03-91a8-08aca521b965 | Necrotizing lymphadenitis is seen in | Kimura disease | Kikuchis fujimoto disease | Hodgkin's lymphoma | Castelman disease | 1b | single | Ref Harrison 17/e p1011 The other name for kikuchis fujimoto disease is histocytic nercrotizing lymphadenitis. Benign and self-centered disorder in young individuals characterised by cervical lymphadenopathy With tenderness .usually accompanied with mild fever and night sweats,may b viral on ethilogy | Anatomy | General anatomy |
868fc99a-53e9-43dc-8461-cf7450615930 | Chlamydia causes all except: | Urethritis | LGV | Trachoma | Typical pneumoniae | 3d | multi | Typical pneumoniae | Microbiology | null |
00171098-7275-49c3-ada3-dcbf73fb64bd | Hormones which act on intracellular receptors both initially in the cytoplasm and ultimately on nuclear receptors are categorized under: | Group I hormones | Group II hormones | Group III hormones | Group IV hormones | 0a | multi | null | Biochemistry | null |
60a24781-5f8f-41cb-9206-5070ccf667a1 | Which is likely to be increased in vitamin K deficiency:March 2004 | PTT | PT | Platelet count | Fibrinogen time | 1b | single | Ans. B i.e. PTProthrombin time (PT)PT and its derived measures of prothrombin ratio (PR) and international normalized ratio (INR) are measures of the extrinsic pathway of coagulation.This test is also called "ProTime INR" and "PT/ INR".They are used to determine the clotting tendency of blood, in the measure of warfari... | Pathology | null |
c54cefaf-2f07-4d2d-8a8d-61014bf2b9b7 | Other than nitrogen and oxygen, which one of the following is the next most abundant gas in the dry air of lower atmosphere ? | Argon | Carbon dioxide | Helium | Hydrogen | 1b | single | null | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
1153fc71-eed0-473b-85dc-8eab2a14bba9 | Woody induration of rhinoscleroma is initially seen at which stage: | Catarrhal stage | Strophic stage | Granulomatous stage | Cicatricial stage | 2c | multi | Ans. (c) Granulomatous stageRef: Dhingra's ENT 6th ed./156-57, 5th ed. /172B RHINOSCLEROMA* It is a chronic granulomatous disease caused by gram negative coccobacillus- Klebsiella Rhinoscleromatis.* It has 3 stages:# Catarrhal or atrophic stage: characterized by foul smelling purulent nasal discharge and crusting (caus... | ENT | Nose and PNS |
bab5d4b1-04bb-4f47-a99f-e897ca88cb84 | False about defence attitude | Contraction of paraspinal muscles causes opisthotonus | Also called as fencing attitude | Occurs only in antemoem burns | Occurs due to coagulation of proteins | 2c | multi | DEFENCE ATTITUDE (PUGLISTIC ATTITUDE) IS PRESENT IN BOTH ANTEMOEM AND POSTMOEM FINDINGS. Pugilistic Attitude (boxing, fencing or defence attitude): This stiffening is due to the coagulation of proteins of the muscles. Contraction of paraspinal muscles causes opisthotonus This is one of the condition simulating rigor mo... | Forensic Medicine | Thermal injuries |
502436c1-a22a-4ebb-a44a-3be986febcfc | Histones are: | Identical to protamine | Proteins rich in lysine and arginine | Proteins with high molecular weight | Insoluble in water and very dilute acids | 1b | single | These are proteins containing unusually higher concentration of basic amino acids.
Reference: Vasudevan 7th ed, pg 576 | Biochemistry | null |
da315d7a-17d5-4a2e-bb47-c75c1e6e0389 | A male patient 59 year old complains of multiple swellings in the neck, fever, and weight loss since 6 months. Patient is a known hypertensive and is on medication for the same. General examination reveals painless lymph node enlargement in the neck and on blood investigation, anemia is revealed. Lymph node biopsy show... | Nodular sclerosis | Lymphocyte rich | Lymphocyte depletion | Lymphocyte predominant | 3d | single | Lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma, accounting for about 5% of cases, is characterized by the presence of lymphohistiocytic (L&H) variant RS cells that have a delicate multilobed, puffy nucleus resembling popped corn (“popcorn cell”). L&H variants usually are found within large nodules containing mainly small B ce... | Pathology | null |
2949d44c-be17-4083-a034-6d4ff75ef019 | Which diuretic can be used in treatment of hypercalcemia? | Furosemide | Spironolactone | Hydrochlorothiazide | Mannitol | 0a | single | Loop diuretics: Thiazide diuretics: Act on Na+K+2Cl- sympoer acts on ascending limb of loop of Henle. Includes- furosemide, torsemide, bumetanide High ceiling diuretics Loop looses calcium - therefore used in hypercalcemia Inhibits Na-Cl- sympoer acts on distal tubule Includes- chlohiazide,indapamide Decreases Na+, K+ ... | Pharmacology | Kidney |
01a4a871-33d1-4738-9065-458788941baf | Aconite poisoning is characterized by all except | Burning of lips | Tingling of lips | Hypertension | Abdominal pain | 2c | multi | (Refer: Rajesh Bardale - Principles of Forensic medicine & Toxicology, 1st edition, pg no: 504, 5505)
Clinical features of Aconite poisoning
Fatal dose – 1 to 2 gram of root and 3 to 5 mg of aconitine
Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
Salivation
Tingling and numbness in the mouth and face
Palpitation
Weakness
Hypotensio... | Unknown | null |
cd6c7100-1513-46db-824f-e814911fb814 | Mechanism of action of cholera toxin is through: | Gangliosides | Adenyl cyclase | Gangliosides + adenyl cyclase | Exotoxin | 2c | single | Cholera enterotoxin Light toxin: binds with ganglioside in epithelial cell membrane Heavy toxin: activates adenyl cyclase in epithelial cell wall which increase cAMP, leading to outpouring of isotonic fluid in lumen of intestine | Microbiology | Systemic Bacteriology (Haemophilus, Yersinia, Spirochaetes, Ricketssia, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma and Miscellaneous Bacteria) |
19176f81-97df-451f-a4bb-701cd58a2958 | All are true about Shigella except - | Large dose is required for infection | Associated with hemolytic uremic Syndrome | Causes bloody diarrhea with mucus | Gut pathology is due to toxin. | 0a | multi | null | Microbiology | null |
c6104a02-8881-4c86-a133-3b2b1356b921 | Cranial vault volume at 7 years is: | 3-Jan | 4-Jan | 2-Jan | 4-Mar | 3d | single | null | Dental | null |
e26d1198-480e-4698-a013-25e262073bb7 | Breast feeding from either or one breast for less than 15 minutes per day is known as: | Non breast fed | Token feeding | Low paial breast fed | All of the above | 1b | multi | Breast feeding from either or one breast for less than 15 minutes per day, only to console a crying baby is known as token feeding. Ref: National Health Programmes in India, J.Kishore, 10th edition pg: 171 | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
bafedea1-9822-4347-b036-829e1b1587d6 | The pathogonomic finding in pseudogout is ? | CPPD crystals under microscope | Polyahritis with urinary sediment | Juxta - aicular osteopenia | Bone spurs | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., CPPD crystals under microscope Pseudogout It is one of the forms of "Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate" (CPPD) ahropathy Pseudogout commonly involves the larger joints. Knee joint is most commonly involved; other sites are wrist, elbow, shoulder, ankle. Involvement of small joints is uncommon. Age group... | Surgery | null |
1cdee362-986d-457e-a83d-e1dfc4014f54 | Rate limiting step in cholesterol synthesis is inhibited by | Probucal | Statins | Cholistyramine | Gemfibrozil | 1b | multi | Refer kDT 6/e p 614 About 80% of total daily cholesterol production occurs in the liver and the intestines; other sites of higher synthesis rates include adrenal glands, and reproductive organs. Synthesiswithin the body stas with the mevalonate pathway where two molecules of acetyl CoA condense to form acetoacetyl-CoA.... | Pharmacology | Cardiovascular system |
1a62a758-6a13-45e1-8b54-4fbcb60477eb | Cerebral angiography was performed by: | Sir Walter Dandy | George Moore | Seldinger | Egas Moniz | 3d | single | Answer is D (Egas Moniz): Egas Moniz first performed cerebral Angiography in 1927. Antonio Egas Moniz, a Pouguese neurologist, first performed cerebral Angiography. He received the Nobel Prize for developing for developing frontal leucotomy as a treatment for psychiatric diseases. In 1927 he performed the first cerebra... | Medicine | null |
553ab61a-c1e2-4c6c-9825-fe32285b6861 | How does wilms tumor commonly present in children | Hematuria | Abdominal pain | Abdominas mass | Fever | 2c | single | Asymptomatic abdominal mass is the most common presentation of wilms tumor. | Pathology | null |
b63c5d80-f72d-40de-8563-62a57c38f42d | Triplex DNA is clue to | Hoogsteen Pairing | Palindromic sequences | Large no. of guanosine repeats | PolypYrimidine tracts | 0a | single | Triple- stranded DNA- forms hydrogen bonds with another surface of the double helix through called Hoogsteenpairs. | Biochemistry | null |
9ac4451a-3b27-4208-837c-81470531dd80 | Route of administration of vancomycin in pseudomembranous colitis is - | i.m. | Oral | i.v. | s.c. | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Oral | Pharmacology | null |
f4bdb4f4-a3d6-4940-9964-096477ff27ee | 'Peg cells' are seen in which of the following pa of the female genital tract? | Vagina | Vulva | Ovary | Fallopian Tubes | 3d | multi | There are three types of cells present in the epithelium of fallopian tubes, they are ciliated epithelial cells, nonciliated secretory cells and intercalated or peg cells called stem cells. Peg cells can differentiate into either of the other two types of cells. Peg cells: They are abundant during the premenstrual and ... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
bd710135-f158-48c6-827f-4998dceb3364 | Methyl alcohol poisoning is treated with | Disulfiram | Ethyl alcohol | Flumazenil | Clonidine | 1b | single | Ans. b (Ethyl alcohol). (Ref. Harrison, Medicine, 18th/Ch. 47)TREATMENT OF METHYL ALCOHOL POISONING# Patient in quiet, dark room# Gastric lavage with sodabicarb and Combat acidosis by IV sodabicarb infusion (the most vital measure, prevents retinal damage).# Ethanol 100mg/dl (retards methanol metabolism), Fomepizole (s... | Medicine | Toxicology |
2f6e178e-5e42-472e-a0df-2116fc458e02 | Isotope for thyroid scaning – a) I129b) I131c) Technetium99d) Selenium | bc | c | ac | ad | 0a | single | Isotopes used for thyroid scanning are 1234 131, and technetium - 99m pertechnate.
Note - Some books have given II" also. But it is not used for thyroid scintigraphy. | Radiology | null |
34a93774-e3fa-4787-a08b-7a62a31c9a9f | Atherosclerosis is inversely proport- ionnal to: | LDL level | VLDL level | Chylomicron level | HDL level | 3d | single | Ans: dRef: Harrison, 16thed, p. 1427 | Medicine | C.V.S. |
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