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b82d48fc-9c89-483b-935e-8c6457d5d9d0 | A resident doctor sustained a needle stick injury while sampling blood of a patient who is HIV positive. A decision is taken to offer him post-exposure prophylaxis. Which one of the following would be the best recommendation? | Zidovudine + Lamivudine for 4 weeks | Zidovudine + Lamivudine + Nevirapine for 4 weeks | Zidovudine + Lamivudine + Indinavir for 4 weeks | Zidovudine + Stavudine + Nevirapine for 4 weeks. | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e. Zidovudine + Lamivudine + Indinavir for 4 weeksRef. Harrison. 16th/e p 1136, 37 (15th/e, pl990)Needle stick injury is the most common cause of HIV infection among health care workers.The guidelines for post-exposure prophylaxis of HIV areFor routine exposuresa combination of two nucleoside reverse tran... | Medicine | Virology |
1f5ec472-ed47-4eda-8a99-2c9716a0cbe2 | A patient presents with a frontal abscess. Foul-smelling pus is aspirated. Pus shows red fluorescence on the ultraviolet examination. The most likely organism causing the frontal abscess is | Prevotella | Peptostreptococcus | Pseudomonas | Acanthamoeba | 0a | single | The causative organism is likely to be Prevotella melaninogenica. It is easy to recognize because of the black or brown color of colonies. Culture or specimen under ultraviolet light may show a bright red fluorescence. Reference: Textbook of Microbiology; Anathanarayan and paniker's; 10th edition; Page no: 275 | Microbiology | Bacteriology |
7c706356-e9b4-42dd-b32f-8ae78351347d | Mechanism of action of amoxapine is :- | SNRI | SSRI | NA + 5HT reuptake inhibitor | Predominantly NA reuptake inhibitor | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Predominantly NA reuptake inhibitor Antidepressants|| |Typical(Inhibits reuptake or metabolism of Na/5-HT) Atypical(Act by other mechanism)|* Trazodone* Mianserine* Mitrazapine* Venlafaxine* Duloxetine* Tianeptine* Amineptine* Bupropion|||MAO-A inhibitorTricyclic antidepressants* NA+5HT reuptake inhib... | Pharmacology | C.N.S |
46ed431b-3308-4b61-bfda-8f7b16781b62 | Cleft lip is caused by which of the following drug? | Levatiracetum | Phenytoin | Sodium Valporate | Phenobarbitone | 1b | single | ANSWER: (B) PhenytoinREF: KDT 6th edition page 405, Katzung 12 th edition page 409See APPENDIX-32 below TERATOGENSTERATOGENGROUPCRITICALPERIODEFFECTTHALIDOMIDEsedative34-51 days after LMPExternal ear deformity (earliest),PHOCOMELLA (MC-four groups: 4-limb phocomelia, Upper limb phocomelia, Predominantly Upper-limb phoc... | Pharmacology | Epilepsy |
414be883-45d7-4413-8d1b-eba2753ccab4 | Tiotropium is contraindicated in: | Bronchial asthma | Hypeension | Urinary retention | Peptic ulcer disease - | 2c | single | Ref:KD Tripathi pharmacology 7th edition (page.no: 114,115,117) Actions of Tiotropium bromide are - bronchodilatation, Decreased gastric secretion so, it's not contraindicated in peptic ulcer Tiotropium acts on M3 receptors- block them and cause urinary retention. so it is contraindicated in urinary retention. | Pharmacology | Autonomic nervous system |
199452de-e06e-4305-b809-515bb884a71a | Which of the following is commonly responsible for toxic shock syndrome in female patient: September 2008 | Streptococcus-group B | Pseudomonas | H.influenzae | Staphylococcus aureus | 3d | single | Ans. D: Staphylococcus aureus Toxic shock syndrome is a severe systemic illness characterised by shock, pyrexia, an erythematous rash, gastrointestinal disturbance and central nervous system signs including lethargy or irritability. It is mediated by toxins produced by some strains of bacteria, most commonly Staphyloco... | Microbiology | null |
b1dfff4a-b803-4881-a5e3-ebb1ea39b627 | An aminoglycoside with an outstanding feature of being little or not affected by majority of inacti vating enzymes is- | Gentamycin | Tobramycin | Amikacin | Sisomycin | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Amikacin Amikacin has widest spectrum of activity amongst aminoglycosides as it has resistance to bacterial aminoglycoside inactivating enzymes. | Pharmacology | null |
56556ef4-fae6-45b3-9365-d4df6cce7900 | "Reducing power" is usually in the form of: | Reduced NADP+ | Reduced NADPH | Reduced NAD | Oxidised NADH | 0a | multi | NADP?: Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate, is a diffusible electron carrier. Its reduced form (NADPH) is reducing power of the cell. A cells reservoir of NADPH represents its reducing power which is an impoant measure of cells usable energy. They store electrons until they are used in anabolic reactions. A cel... | Biochemistry | null |
59bd0fb1-1115-4c8b-8fcb-5516c4871562 | Following displacement seen in Colic's fracture EXCEPT: | Dorsal tilt | Ventral tilt | Dorsal displacement | Lateral displacement | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e. Ventral tilt Code's :It is a fracture at a distal end of the radius at its cortico - cancellous junction (about 2 cm from the distal articular surface) in adults with a typical displacement.Displacement: Seen in CodesImpaction of FragmentsDorsal displacementDorsal tiltLateral displacementLateral tiltSu... | Orthopaedics | Anatomy of Bone & Fracture Healing |
76cead0a-a223-4ebb-8440-6daada103a5c | All are steroid resistant except - | Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis | Minimal change glomerulonephritis | RPGN | Recurrent hematuria | 1b | multi | Prednisolone is the first line of therapy in patients with minimal change disease. Ace inhibitors are mostly used in IgA nephropathy . Treatment is suppoive in patients with post streptococcal Glomerulonephritis, antibiotics are given to all patients. Ref:Harrison 20th edition pg no 2140,2142 | Medicine | Kidney |
0f1a5ab8-01c3-4ec4-b37b-a1e1abe44518 | Some of the babies of 3-5 days old are brought to OPD with different complaints. Which baby among them needs furthur investigation | Vaginal bleeding | Hymenal tags | Subconjunctival hemorrhage | Tachypnea and grunting | 3d | single | Tachypnea and grunting are seen due to respiratory distress. Rest are normal conditions in newborn.
Vaginal bleeding:
It occurs due to fall in the level of sex harmones after birth when baby is disconnected from placenta.
Hymenal tags:
In female neonates seen. | Pediatrics | null |
c92e0244-7394-4e3e-8692-c087da199866 | The longest extraocular muscle is: | Superior oblique | Inferior oblique | Superior rectus | Inferior rectus | 0a | single | Ans. Superior oblique | Ophthalmology | null |
61e53302-6eaf-4a39-936e-f281275ae54a | All are seen in primary extraglandalar sjogrens syndrome except ? | Rheumatoid ahritis | Raynaud's disease | Lymphoma | Splenomegaly | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Rheumatoid ahritisPrimary Sjogren syndrome is not associated with other autoimmune disorders, e.g. Rheumatoid ahritis.Sjogren syndrome occurs in elderly (50-60 yrs) female. | Pathology | null |
023469ae-e9dc-42fe-bb3b-ea72d03b5cd7 | General visceral afferent to the posterior most aspect of the tongue is by - | Glossopharyngeal nerve | Facial nerve | Vagus | Trigeminal nerve | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Vagus Nerve supply of tonguePartTasteGeneral (touch and temperature)Anterior 2/3 (oral part)(except circumvallate papillae)Chorda tympani (facial nerve)Lingual branch of mandibular division of trigeminal nervePosterior 1/3 including circumvallate papillaeGlossopharyngealGlossopharyngealPosterior most ... | Anatomy | Neuroanatomy |
5e712fb8-605a-4ea9-96a2-7fe4b236d6f8 | Which of the following drugs inhibits post translational modification of viral proteins? | Indinavir | Enfuviide | Lamivudine | Zalcitabine | 0a | single | (Ref: KDT 6/e p774) Protease results in the formation of final structural and functional proteins by post translational modification of HIV viral proteins. Drugs in this group are indinavir, saquinavir, lopinavir, ritonavir, amprenavir etc. | Pharmacology | Other topics and Adverse effects |
0e023286-c3b3-47bb-a042-6adb359f5581 | lithium was introduced by | benedict morel | delay and denniker | john F Cade | bleuler | 2c | single | LITHIUM - Lithium was introduced by ==== JOHN F CADE - It is liver friendly drug - It is mainly eliminated by kidney Ref.Kaplon and Sadock, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, 935 | Anatomy | Pharmacotherapy in psychiatry |
e31fbb71-3547-40a0-8811-83bd09d2d731 | RULE OF HALVES RELATED TO- | OBESITY | BURNS | BLINDNESS | HYPEENSION | 3d | single | REF:-PARK 25TH EDITION PGNO:-404. RULEOF HALVES:- HYPEENSION IS AN &;ICEBERG DISEASE&;.ONLY ABOUT HALF OF HYPEENSIVE SUBJECTS IN GENERAL POPULATION OF MOST OF THE DEVELOPED COUNTRIES ARE AWARE OF THE PROBLEM WERE BEING TREATED AND ONLY HALF OF THOSE TREATED WERE CONSIDERED ADEQUATELY TREATED. 1. The whole community 2. ... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Non communicable diseases |
c7c3bcb2-4b2f-411d-b239-66f0847d3d80 | Action of calmodulin isa) Ca2+ dependentb) Through calmodulin dependent kinasesc) Through cAMP dependent kinasesd) Through cGMP dependent kinases | ac | a | ad | ab | 3d | single | Calcium and calmodulin forms a complex which activates myosin kinase that phosphorylates myosin head. Myosin kinase is a muscle phosphorylase. | Physiology | null |
322ec0cf-b5a4-4f66-824d-f92f5934b4bf | Rim sign in IVP is seen in | Polycystic Kidney | Hydronephrosis | Chronic pyelonephritis | Hypernephroma | 1b | single | B i.e. Hydronephrosis | Radiology | null |
61126782-5a69-44f8-a105-66e2eac4c049 | True about prion: | Are virus coded | Cause misfolding of protein | Cleave protein | Defect in synthesis of protein. | 1b | multi | Ans (b) Cause misfolding of protein Prion is an infectious agent made up of protein. In the presence of prion protein, the normal PRPc protein is conveed into an abnormally folded PRPsc protein (protein with more p sheets). This PRPc protein is resistant to proteolysis and get accumulated. The "alternatively folded" is... | Microbiology | null |
17cc72d3-96fe-4fc4-8957-b5f609a5e245 | Cochlear implants conve what energy to which form of energy | Sound energy to mechanical energy to move the hair cells | Electrical energy to mechanical energy to move the hair cells | Sound energy to electrical impulses | Mechanical energy to electrical impulses | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Sound energy to electrical impulses [Ref: NIH Publication No. 11-4798 (2013-11-01). | ENT | null |
b6d412ae-0c8c-4004-90cb-8ca31f5674b2 | Which of the following function about spinocerebellar tract is TRUE? | Equilibrium | Smoothes and coordinates movement | Learning induced by change in vestibulo ocular reflex | Planning and programming | 1b | multi | The spinocerebellar pathway is organised into the ventral and dorsal tracts. Both these tracts transmits proprioceptive and exteroceptive impulses from the body. They occupy the periphery of the lateral aspect of the spinal white matter and carry proprioceptive and cutaneous information to the cerebellum for the coordi... | Physiology | null |
3817f8e1-bb88-4b11-84cf-c7c80ffe24d6 | All are indicators of endoscopy in a patient with GERD symptoms , EXCEPT: | Anemia | Weight loss | Epigastric burning pain | Choking episodes | 2c | multi | Indications for endoscopy in patients with GERD GERD symptoms that are persistent or progressive despite appropriate medical therapy Dysphagia or odynophagia Involuntary weight loss >5% Evidence of GI bleeding or anemia Finding of a mass, stricture, or ulcer on imaging studies Evaluation of patients with suspected extr... | Medicine | null |
fe872a67-be07-4531-89be-e6730a54ad3a | Human diseases are due to bad clouds was a pa of which theory? | Supernatural causes | "Miasma" theory | Germ theory | Epidemiological triad | 1b | single | "Miasma" theory which postulated that human diseases are due to bad clouds which are more dense at lower altitudes and hence diseases are more common among people who live nearer to the eah or sea level Ref: Textbook on Public Health and Community Medicine pg: 17 | Social & Preventive Medicine | Concept of health and disease |
8351f702-29ac-4945-96f2-eade6ecb8183 | A 25 year old male repos episodic "spells" characterized by palpitations, sweating, nervousness, and feelings of anxiety. On examination, the man's blood pressure is 165/95 mm Hg. Plasma norepinephrine is 450 pg/mL (normal, 150-400 pg/mL), plasma epinephrine is 115 pg/mL (normal, 25-100 pg/mL), and 24-hour urinary VMA ... | 11-beta-hydroxylase deficiency | Conn's syndrome | Pheochromocytoma | Renin-secreting tumor | 2c | single | A pheochromocytoma is a tumor arising from chromaffin cells that secretes excess catecholamines (norepinephrine, epinephrine, or both). It is one endocrine cause of hypeension, due to peripheral vasoconstriction and/or increased cardiac output. While most patients have higher than normal baseline plasma levels of catec... | Surgery | null |
fbb1d9bc-2cc8-4907-b201-76f24954a32d | Following bacterias are most often associated with acute neonatal meningitis, EXCEPT: | Escherichia coli | Streptococcus agalactiae | Listeria monocytogenes | Neisseria meningitidis | 3d | multi | Neisseria meningitidis usually affects younger children and 1-4 months of age. Neonatal cases are rarely seen. Upon Gram staining, it appears as a Gram-negative diplococcus and cultures of the bacteria test positive for the enzyme oxidase. There are several different groups of meningococcal bacteria including Groups A,... | Pediatrics | null |
3bab8419-356a-4800-989a-478e5aa23762 | Fish odour syndrome can be prevented by intake of: | Choline | Niacin | Pantothenic acid | Riboflavin | 0a | single | Ans. A. CholineTrimethylaminuria (Fish odour Syndrome) Trimethylamine is normally produced in the intestine from the breakdown of dietary choline and trimethylamine oxide by bacteria. Eggyolk and liver are the main sources of choline, and fish is the major source of trimethylamine oxide. Trimethylamine is absorbed and ... | Biochemistry | Proteins and Amino Acids |
b1b52c24-abff-4821-a356-a347412ec5c5 | A major lipid of mitochondrial membrane is: | Inositol | Plasmalogen | Cardiolipin | Lecithin | 2c | single | Cardiolipin is a phospholipid which is present in inner mitochondrial membrane Found only in mitochondria Can be antigenic Has a role in apoptosis signaling Act as anticoagulant Decreased or altered cardiolipin can lead to ageing, hea failure, hypothyroidism & Bah syndrome (cardioskeletal myopathy) Complex structure Ma... | Biochemistry | Organelles |
f90ae2e8-fdfd-415a-87aa-1cbcd58b1cff | Multiple periapical radiolucencies are seen in | Jawcyst basal cell Nevus Syndrome | Odontogenic keratocyst | Cherubisrn | Thyroid disorders | 0a | single | null | Pathology | null |
022173b6-d569-4d50-9beb-2de0c30d4820 | The term end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is considered appropriate when GFR is: | 50% of normal | 25% of normal | 10-25% of normal | 5-10% of normal | 3d | single | CKD Stage GFR Level (mL/min/1.73m2) G1 > 90 G2 60-89 HTN develops in this stage G3 30-59 Anemia develops in this stage G4 15-29 Acidosis,Hyperkalemia G5 < 15 (End stage renal disease) Uraemia develops Albuminuria A1 3-30 mg/g A2 30-300 A3 > 300 | Medicine | Chronic Kidney Disease & Diabetic Nephropathy |
75711708-8ee8-4c4a-8210-002673d8d7a1 | One primary oocyte forms how many ovum/ova ? | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., 1 | Anatomy | null |
33f57cb5-2f7c-423f-be04-e114cfa45c67 | Which aery is not ligated during caecum surgery | Ileocolic | Right colic | Left colic | Right branch of middle colic | 3d | single | Right hemicolectomy Carcinoma of the caecum or ascending colon is treated by right hemicolectomy. At open surgery the peritoneum lateral to the ascending colon is incised, and the incision is carried around the hepatic flexure. The right colon and mesentery are elevated, taking care not to injure the ureter, gonadal ve... | Surgery | G.I.T |
bdf0726a-b7be-4f74-a9d8-64e0353c68a9 | Commonest tumour of lumbar region in children is ? | Dermoid cyst | Neuroblastoma | Wilm's tumour | Mesentric cyst | 1b | single | Ans is 'b' ie Neuroblastoma "Neuroblastoma is the most common solid tumor of childhood outside the CNS. It is the most frequently diagnosed neoplasm in infant. The median age at diagnosis is 2 yrs. 90% of cases are diagnosed before the age of 5 yrs. NB may develop at any site of sympathetic nervous system, most NB aris... | Surgery | null |
10b0cf26-2d78-416c-8cbd-1c6626035218 | Green discoloration on the surface of teeth is due to | Porphyra | Internal resorption | Nasmynth membrane | Silver | 2c | single | null | Pathology | null |
37891d7e-db7e-4645-993b-580b252f91f6 | Sea snake is - | Neurotoxic | Vasculotoxic | Myotoxic | All of the above | 2c | multi | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Myotoxic Type of poisoningSnakeHematotoxicVipersMyotoxicSea snakesNeurotoxicElapids- cobra, Krait, coral | Forensic Medicine | Toxicology |
59e5e22b-05c6-46d3-aa27-ea9b79ce3fd4 | Cause of posterior mediastinal opacity on PA and Lateral view of chest x- ray? | Bochdalek's hernia | Lymph node mass | Tortuous innominate artery | Aneurysms | 0a | single | Anterior mediastinum - Thymona.
Middle mediastinum - Tortuous innominate artery.
Posterior mediastinum : Bochdalek's hernia. | Radiology | null |
ae017104-6b55-4fdc-a885-f43ff864cb5a | All of the following are characteristics of a male skull except | Larger | Steeper forehead | Large mastoid process | Pointed chin | 3d | multi | Male Skulls Generally larger than female Larger brow ridges, with sloping, less rounded forehead Greater definition of muscle attachment areas on the back of the head Larger projections behind the ears (mastoid processes) Square chin with a more veical (acute) angle of the jaw Female Skulls Smoother bone surfaces where... | Forensic Medicine | Identification |
c2ff8925-a29a-47b5-8cb7-fe7a3663164e | Oral contraceptive pills give protection against | STDs | Breast cancer | Ovarian cancer | Hepatocellular carcinoma | 2c | single | Ref:Park's Text book of Preventive and Social Medicine 25th ed | Social & Preventive Medicine | obstetrics,pediatrics and geriatrics |
29b655b6-9665-4dc1-9f7c-0c17eae97fd2 | Which is not a somatoform disorder? | Body dysmorphic disorder | Obsessive compulsive disorder | Somatoform pain disorder | Hypochondriasis | 1b | single | Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors that impair everyday functioning. Fears of contamination and germs are common, as are handwashing, counting behaviors, and having to check and recheck such actions as whether a door is locked. The degree to which the dis... | Medicine | All India exam |
d17d0736-6a07-403f-96c4-d83dd4ff6b0b | Physiological effects of spinal anesthesia are due to blockage of: | Sympathetic nerve roots | Afferent motor nerves | Sensory fibres | Different motor nerves | 0a | single | Most of the physiological effects of spinal anesthesia are a consequence of the sympathetic blockade produced by local anesthetic block of the sympathetic fibers in the spinal nerve roots. Preganglionic sympathetic fibers are more sensitive to low concentrations of local anesthetic. Clinically, the most impoant effects... | Anaesthesia | null |
da613fe7-6d35-4298-8e73-35f34a645d2e | Lighthouse sign is seen in | Stage of suppuration | Stage of hyperaemia | Stage of resolution | Stage of pre-suppuration | 0a | single | Lighthouse sign is seen in Stage of suppuration of AOMStages of AOM-1. Stage of hyperemia/Congestion- Cawheel appearance of TM2. Stage of exudation/Pre suppuration3. Stage of suppuration- Lighthouse sign (Pinpoint perforation)4. Stage of resolution/complicationsRef: Hazarika; 3rd ed; Pg 149 | ENT | Ear |
a3caf982-b9f6-42dc-bf15-2ad71d47ade4 | At the onset of pubey the testicular size reaches? | 2 ml | 4 ml | 8 ml | 12 ml | 1b | single | At the onset of pubey the testicular size reaches 4 ml volume or 2.5 cm length. | Pediatrics | Pubey and Adolescent Health |
7effa195-589c-41bf-af5d-2ff38a86158f | Glycine can be synthesized from all, EXCEPT: | Choline | Serine | Alanine | None of the above | 3d | multi | Glycine aminotransferases can catalyze the synthesis of glycine from glyoxylate and glutamate or alanine. Unlike most aminotransferase reactions, these strongly or glycine synthesis. Additional impoant mammalian routes for glycine formation are from choline and from serine Ref: Harper 28th edition, chapter 27. | Biochemistry | null |
e6b6f8aa-1c5d-404b-bdea-849d2a46f386 | Delayed wound healing is seen in all except? | Malignancy | Hypeension | Diabetes | Infection | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Hypeension | Surgery | null |
c142073b-f3c9-4d33-94f4-bd255be01e01 | Total-etch concept was put forth by | Nakabayhashi | Buonocore | Bowen | Fusayama | 3d | single | null | Dental | null |
4c37773e-8624-4ff3-8a5f-65d3d6a3b929 | Function of T-lymphocyte is/are- | Production of interferon | Lymphokine production | Rosette formation | All of the above | 3d | multi | Stimulated T cells produce ceain activation products (lymphokines) & induce CMI Erythrocyte rosetting or E-rosetting is a phenomenon seen through a microscope where red blood cells (erythrocytes) are arranged around a central cell to form a cluster that looks like a flower. The red blood cells surrounding the cell form... | Microbiology | Immunology |
2f711c2f-205a-4496-8978-5b320832a6d2 | A problem with a porcelain jacket is it: | Is not color stable | Is very brittle | Has a very high compression strength | Is irritating to the gingiva | 1b | single | null | Dental | null |
1f7903ce-7b65-4e47-a57a-91da11826c59 | The epithelial lining of cervical canal is: | Low columnar | High columnar | Stratified squamous | Ciliated columnar | 1b | single | null | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
49ff5d2f-d713-47cc-901b-8cfd2b167b20 | Length of external auditory meatus is ? | 12mm | 16mm | 20mm | 24mm | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., 24 mm External auditory canal (External acoustic meatus) External auditory canal is a 'S' shaped canal with length of 24-25 mm and it is divided into two pas :? 1) Cailagenous pa It forms outer/lateral 1/3 (8mm) of the external auditory canal. It has two fissures / deficiencies in the anterior pa call... | ENT | null |
169c8fe5-b977-4083-b8f2-16d7ec3972cb | Treatment of leukoplakia is | Radiation | Excision and Cryotherapy | Topical chemotherapy | Repositioning of ill fitting dentures | 1b | single | Management of Leukoplakia : (i) Many of the lesions will disappear spontaneously if the causative agent is removed.(ii) In lesions with higher potential for malignant change, a biopsy is taken to rule out malignancy.(iii) In suspicious small lesions, surgical excision or ablation with laser or cryotherapy can be done. ... | ENT | Oral cavity & Oesophagus |
5dd1259f-e8b9-4035-ac7c-5e58026776cc | NADPH actions in RBC are all except | Produce ATP | Stabilizes the membrane | Reductive biosynthesis | GP6D deficiency causes decreased synthesis of NADPH | 0a | multi | *ATP is not produced by NADPH. ATP is produced by reducing equivalents like NADH, FADH2. *When NADH and other reducing equivalents transfer their electrons through Electron transpo chain in the Mitochondrial inner membrane, it generates proton motive force which brings about the ATP synthesis by the ATP synthase comple... | Biochemistry | Structure and function of protein |
a596c088-e271-48da-8742-fe9930b48e88 | Lorazepam can be safely used as a preanesthetic medication in a patient undergoing liver transplantation without fear of excessive CNS depression because the drug is | excreted in unchanged form | actively secreted into the GI tract | conjugated extrahepatically | a selective anxiolytic devoid of CNS depressant actions | 2c | multi | Most benzodiazepines are metabolized by liver cytochromes P450. In a patient lacking liver function, benzodiazepines that are metabolized via extrahepatic conjugation (e.g., lorazepam, oxazepam) are safer in terms of the possibility of excessive CNS depression. Lorazepam is metabolized, probably in the lungs, via glucu... | Pharmacology | C.N.S |
0c516e8f-375e-4d4c-8123-e797d4e998b7 | Trochanteric fracture of femur is best treated by: | Dynamic hip screw | Inlay plates | Plaster in abduction | Plaster in abduction and internal rotation | 0a | single | (a) Dynamic hip screwDynamic hip screw (DHS) plate is the implant of choice for fixation. These days proximal femoral nail (PFN) is preferred. It is a variety of cephalomedullary fixation. | Orthopaedics | Pelvis & Injuries |
57534795-290e-4c3b-8464-21e27e3fe79d | First line of treatment in Ascitis is: | Salt Restriction | Diuretics | Paracentesis | Shunt | 0a | single | Answer is A (Salt Restriction) The.first line treatment of Ascitis is dietary salt restriction. Treatment of Ascitis: Oxford Textbook of Medicine : Recommendations Bed Rest is of Nile value Dietry sodium Restriction is the first line management Diuretic therapy is the mainstay of treatment ofAscitis (Spironolactone sho... | Medicine | null |
d70132e3-8592-4eee-b6d9-48218d81fb73 | The cavosurface margin for direct filling gold are prepared with | 90° butt joint | 45° Bevelled | 30-40° bevel | 10° bevel | 2c | single | null | Dental | null |
92035d4d-6836-4ba5-a314-a9cf052c4c41 | Vascular sign of Narath is positive in which of the follwoing ? | Posterior dislocation | Central dislocation | Anterior dislocation | Lateral dislocation | 0a | single | Vascular sign of Narath: Patient in supine Palpate femoral aery in femoral canal Positive in hip dislocation - not palpable In fracture neck of femur - feeble pulsation Ref: maheswari 9th ed ohopedics | Orthopaedics | Shoulder and arm injuries |
3afae527-ed37-4073-acf3-24d896cdb3ff | Lactose content of breast milk per 100 ml is | 3.5 gm | 4.5 gm | 6 gm | 7 gm | 3d | single | Lactose content of breast milk per 100 ml is 7.0 g. Ref: Table 5.4, Page 97; Ghai essential pediatrics; 6th edition | Pediatrics | Nutrition |
38a6599d-90f0-4b42-83b5-73e34ad71c68 | A person is obese if he is overweight by ----% above the accepted standards - | 5% | 10% | 15% | 20% | 0a | multi | The difference between the obese and overweight is 5% of the accepted standards. Ref-Park&;s textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine 24th edition. | Social & Preventive Medicine | Non communicable diseases |
143f6f7d-f56c-44e5-8a61-bc4a347f065e | Tardy ulnar nerve palsy is commonly seen in: September 2008 | Cubitus varus deformity | Cubitus valgus deformity | Dinner fork deformity | Garden spade deformity | 1b | single | Ans. B: Cubitus Valgus Deformity A Shallow ulnar groove predisposes to ulnar nerve injury. Inadequate fibrous arch or recurrent subluxation of ulnar nerve can lead to 'Tardy ulnar nerve palsy'. Progressive deformity of cubitus valgus may precipitate this condition. The nerve may be compressed if the fascial roof formed... | Surgery | null |
1a4e7b02-3a9d-4456-bb47-44c6befcf34f | Antidote in Atropine poisoning is - | Flumazenil | Physostigmine | Naloxone | NaHCO3 | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Physostigmine o Atropine blocks cholinergic receptors. o So, for atropine overdose, we require a drug that increases cholinergic action, o Physostigmine increases the concentration of Ach. o Physostigmine counteracts central (because it crosses BBB) as well as peripheral symptoms of atropine toxicity ... | Unknown | null |
11d3505d-995c-4f87-af88-12aa68038687 | Following a penetrated injury in the submandibular triangle, the tongue of 45 year old patient detes to the left on protrusion. Which of the following nerves is injured? | Right lingual nerve | Left lingual nerve | Right hypoglossal nerve | Left hypoglossal nerve | 3d | single | A lesion of the hypoglossal nerve causes detion of the tongue toward the injured side on protrusion. The lingual and glossopharyngeal nerves do not supply the tongue muscles. Hence option 4 i.e. left hypoglossal nerve (same as the side of detion) is correct. | Anatomy | Neck Triangles and parotid gland |
f2f0490b-b8f0-42e1-b8de-6befbd53a8f3 | True about Restriction enzymes: | Palindromic | Produce DNA sticky end | Restrict replication of DNA | All | 3d | multi | A, B, C i.e. Palindromic, Produce DNA sticky end, Restrict replication of DNA, Breaks at sugar-phosphate bond | Medicine | null |
2f1f28e0-2841-48d1-9aba-fe81ca3801ef | Chi-square test is used for | Comparing percentage, propoions & fractions in paired data | Comparing percentage, propoions & fractions in two or more different group of individuals | Comparing percentage, propoions & fractions in matched paired data | Comparing percentage, propoions & fractions in two unpaired samples | 1b | single | - Chi-square test is used for comparing percentage, propoions & fractions in two or more different group of individuals. - Degree of freedom = - more accurate | Social & Preventive Medicine | Statistical Tests |
66da202f-3ad8-4f43-9479-259f829704a8 | A normal child develops the ability to use 10 words with meaning at the age of – | 12 months | 15 months | 18 months | 24 months | 2c | single | null | Pediatrics | null |
eb6904cb-096d-40a3-a1e9-66bc91b0056c | Vascular dementia is characterized by: a. Disorientation b. Memory deficits c. Emotional lability d. Visual hallucinations e. Personality deterioration | all of the above | a,b,c,d | a,b,e | b,c,d | 1b | multi | Vascular dementia presents with memory loss, mood changes (depression, irritability, emotional lability), delusions and hallucinations confusion and disorientation. Personality changes are more commonly associated with frontotemporal dementia | Psychiatry | Organic Mental Disorders |
283dce45-d07b-4a20-b5ee-8001250a9890 | Commonest on the diagnosis of this 60 years of man: | Basal cell carcinoma | Plunging Ranula | Epulis | SCC of lip | 3d | single | Ulcero proliferative growth or Cauliflower like growth on the lower lip is suggestive of squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip. In total, 95%of carcinomas of lip arise on the lower lip and 15% arise in central one-third and commissures. Aetiological feature include UV radiation exposure. Tumors tend to spread latera... | Surgery | FMGE 2018 |
ef4a62d0-7c81-4cd2-b103-414f73de5398 | All are seen in Thalasemia major except: | Transfusion dependency | Splenoheptatomegaly | Ineffective erythropoiesis | Macrocytic anaemia | 3d | multi | -Thalassemia is associated with microcytic and hypochromic anemia,not macrocytic anemia. - Remaining all features given in the options are associated with thalassemia. | Pathology | Beta thalasemmia |
fb0c7923-bdff-43fb-bdd8-413ae6fa0e77 | All of the following are the feature of atropine poisoning except: | Mydriasis | Hallucinations | Hypothermia | Coma | 2c | multi | Atropine poisoning is associated with hyperthermia (not hypothermia). | Pharmacology | null |
95ab7bef-cf57-4407-bb40-c679dd113f32 | Ebstein’s anatomy is seen with intake of – | Mercury | Copper | Lithium | Lead | 2c | single | null | Pediatrics | null |
029d4f85-ab47-4a77-b574-2a00860602f1 | Dietary Reference Intake recommendations include all except | Recommended Dietary Allowances | Adequate Intake | Upper tolerable level | Food based dietary advice | 3d | multi | Food based dietary advice Ref http://en.wikipedia.org; Goodman Gilman 10/c 1745, 1746 The Dietary Reference Intake (or DRI) is a system of nutrition recommendations from the Institute of Medicine (IOM) of the US National Academy of Sciences. In the past, Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) were the benchmark measures... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
b29a1192-65fe-4030-a832-2225f61d1da5 | Flail chest refers to | Fracture of Sternum | Fracture of multiple ribs | Open pneumothorax | Tension pneumothorax | 1b | single | (B) Fracture of multiple ribs > A flail chest occurs when a segment of the chest wall does not have bony continuity with the rest of the thoracic cage .> Flail chest usually results from blunt trauma associated with multiple rib fractures i.e. 3 or more ribs fractured in 2 or more places.# Major chest wall trauma (Flai... | Surgery | Miscellaneous |
622887bb-7b7a-4aec-be79-189a78e0985c | Tumor lysis syndrome is characterized by: | Hyperkalemia | Hyperphosphatemia | Hyperuricemia | All of the above | 3d | multi | Ans. D. All of the aboveTumor lysis syndrome is an oncologic emergency. Tumor lysis syndrome refers to the constellation of metabolic disturbances that occurs when large numbers of neoplastic cells are killed rapidly, leading to the release of intracellular ions and metabolic by-products into the systemic circulation. ... | Pediatrics | Miscellaneous |
ba667a27-57af-42a2-9ae2-33ad51775786 | Shigella can be divided into subgroup on the basis of ability to ferment - | Lactose | Maltose | Fructose | Mannitol | 3d | single | null | Microbiology | null |
27cc828d-7cea-4b80-b87c-6b42e8a62fa7 | Ludwig's angina is characterized by all the following except: | Cellulitis of the floor of the mouth | Caused by anaerobic organisms | Aphthous ulcers in the pharynx | Infection spreads to retropharyngeal space | 2c | multi | Ludwig's Angina is a rapidly spreading cellulitis of the floor of the mouth which involves submandibular space secondary to dental infection. Submandibular space is divided into sublingual space (above the mylohyoid) and submaxillary space (below the mylohyoid muscle) Bacteriology: Mixed infections involving both aerob... | ENT | null |
87ab6b00-4c72-4a8b-ad53-667fde5770a2 | Effective sign of neonatal resuscitation is:- | Color change | Air entry | Heart rate increased | None of the above | 2c | multi | Ans. (c) Heart rate increasedRef: Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics 20th Ed; Page No-845-46 and NEP guidelines 7th Ed 2016* Begin the resuscitation with antenatal counseling (when appropriate) and a team briefing and equipment check. Maintain normal body temperature of neonate during resuscitation, target temperature being... | Pediatrics | New Born Infants |
da697db0-ef50-4ccf-a0d8-057e928ddd0c | Most common nerve injured in face lift surgery is - | Zygomatic branch of the facial nerve | Greater auricular nerve | Mandibular branch of facial nerve | Frontal branch of facial nerve | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Frontal branch of facial nerve Nerve injury during facelift surgeryo Some sensory reduction after facelift surgery is considered a consequence and not a complication of facelift surgery.o Care must be taken to avoid injury to the greater auricular nerve,o The most commonly injured nerve is the frontal... | Orthopaedics | Peripheral Nerve Injuries |
91e40572-c927-4ea3-8ba3-442fae4e3510 | A 2-year-old child comes with discharge, seborrheic dermatitis, polyuria and hepatosplenomegaly. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis - | Leukemia | Lymphoma | Langerhan's cell histiocytosis | Germ cell tumour | 2c | single | null | Medicine | null |
e3b5fcf8-7303-4b48-9382-a123cc4676e0 | Not seen in cushing's syndrome: March 2009 | Hypeension | Weight gain | Hirsutism | Hypoglycemia | 3d | single | Ans. D: Hypoglycemia Symptoms of Cushing's syndrome include rapid weight gain, paicularly of the trunk and face with sparing of the limbs (central obesity). A common sign is the growth of fat pads along the collar bone and on the back of the neck (buffalo hump) and a round face often referred to as a "moon face". Other... | Medicine | null |
1f165927-898b-45b7-8c88-47c84297cd47 | A complete clasp assembly consists of a | Retentive arm and a reciprocal arm | Circumferential arm and a bar-type arm | Proximal plate and a retentive arm | Retentive arm, an occlusal rest, and reciprocating elements | 3d | single | null | Dental | null |
f741c519-c715-4811-953b-5476a54e6119 | Which of the following is not an intralobular duct: | Intercalated ducts. | Striated ducts. | Excretory ducts. | All of the above | 2c | multi | There are two types of intralobular ducts - the intercalated and striated ducts. The excretory ducts are interlobular. | Dental | null |
2f0f270a-4297-4eec-9391-5d3538f0bb2d | A patient has a right homonymous hemian-opia with saccadic pursuit movements and defective optokinetic nystagmus. The lesion is most likely to be in the | Frontal lobe | Occipital lobe | Parietal lobe | Temporal lobe | 2c | single | C i.e. Parietal lobe Optokinetic Nystagmus: If a white drum with veical black stripes is rotated in front of the eyes, the patient follows the stripe till it disappears & then switches back suddenly to pick up a new stripe. This reflex is abnormal in patients with congenital nystagmus. One may observe a paradoxical rev... | Ophthalmology | null |
f6cac83e-81ac-41e0-81a5-112700d410b6 | Which of the following is an indication for the use of raloxifene? | Chronic renal failure | Hypoparathyroidism | Renal osteodystrophy | Post-menopausal osteoporosis | 3d | single | -Raloxifene is a SERM used in post-menopausal osteoporosis. -It has additional advantage of causing decrease in risk of breast and endometrial cancer. -Major adverse effect of raloxifene is thromboembolism. | Pharmacology | Osteoporosis, Sex Hormones and OCPs |
18e402e4-5ad9-419a-aeb6-af448e036481 | A young man presents to the emergency depament with a maculopapular rash 2 weeks after healing of a painless genital ulcer. The most likely etiological agent is: | Treponema Pallidum | Treponema Peunae | Chlamydia Trachomatis | Calymmatobacter granulomatis | 0a | multi | Humans are the only natural reservoir of Treponema pallidum. It readily penetrates abraded skin and mucous membranes to multiply locally and spread through the blood stream or lymphatics. A developing maculopapular rash two weeks after a painless genital ulcer indicates a diagnosis of secondary syphillis. Ref: Primary ... | Skin | null |
dcd16cca-5a23-4f4b-a620-2415ebb160c2 | Most common site of distant metastasis inintraorbital malignant melanoma is? | Brain | Lung | Liver | Lymph nodes | 2c | single | Ans. is `c i.e., Liver Malignant melanoma mostly arise in uvea and uveal malignant melanoma is the most common primary intraocular tumor. The most common site for distant metastasis of uveal melanoma is liver. The liver is the most common site of metastasis of uveal melanoma" -- Clinical oncology The liver is the most ... | Ophthalmology | null |
0bb11df8-3c98-491f-bd6e-fe25687884f8 | Which of the following Anti-psychotic drug has maximum chances of causing hyperprolactinemia? | Clozapine | Olanzapine | Ziprasidone | Risperidone | 3d | single | (D) Risperidone[?]RISPERIDONE is one of the atypical neuroleptics most likely to induce hyperprolactinemia.Mechanism: Dopamine acts on the pituitary as an inhibitor of prolactin secretion.Blockade of dopamine D2 receptors by risperidone can cause hyperprolactinemia in males and females.Other atypical antipsychotics do ... | Psychiatry | Pharmacotherapy In Psychiatry |
da453a66-1dd7-4de1-8bd9-8ff2143d1466 | Efficiency of the goiter control program can be assessed by - | Neonatal thyroxine levels | Goitre in pregnancy | Goitre in the age group of 12 to 18 yr | Soil iodine levels | 0a | single | Iodine monitoring Countries implementing control programmes require a network of laboratories for iodine monitoring and surveillance. These laboratories are essential for a) iodine excretion determination b) determination of iodine in water, soil and food as pa of epidemiological studies c) determination of iodine in s... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Nutrition and health |
0031a308-8c62-4761-8e2e-e3d2426a0686 | Irregular opaque areas are found on radiographs of lower anterior teeth, the teeth are VITAL the cause may be: | Subgingival calculus | Cementoma | Condensing osteitis | Chronic apical periodontitis | 0a | single | null | Radiology | null |
1f489413-ca49-465d-b9b8-1216d2822398 | In Cone Beam Radiography, raw digital data for reconstruction is obtained from: | 120 exposures / projections | 240 exposures / projections | 360 exposures / projections | 480 exposures / projections | 2c | single | All computed tomographic (CT) scanners consist of an X-ray source and detector mounted on a rotating gantry. During rotation of the gantry, the X-ray source produces radiation, while the receptor records the residual X-rays after attenuation by the patient’s tissues. These recordings constitute the “raw data” that is ... | Radiology | null |
c8aaf2a9-3d83-45cb-a1d2-b7033bc4d239 | Tachycardia, nervousness, intolerance to heat and exophthalmos are seen in: | Hyperthyroidism | Hypothyroidism | Hyperparathyroidism | Hypoparathyroidism | 0a | single | null | Surgery | null |
b7fa3d93-d83c-4757-98cd-7604177e641a | FIGO staging in endometrial Ca with paraaortic lymph node - | III b | III c | IV a | IV b | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., IIIC TNM & FIGO Classification for Endometrial CancerPrimary tumor (T)TNMFIGO stagesSurgical-pathologic findingsTX Primary' tumor cannot be assessedTO No evidence of primary tumorTis* Carcinoma in situ (preinvasive carcinoma)TIITumor confined to corpus uteriTlaIATumor limited to endometrium or invades... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Carcinoma Endometrium |
61533e94-e8ee-4fbd-96d3-bba19e76ab3b | Lining of gallbladder mucosa is | Cuboidal | Transitional | Columnar | Squamous | 2c | multi | The gallbladder wall's innermost surface is lined by a single layer of columnar cells with an apical brush border of microvilli, very similar to intestinal absorptive cells. Underneath the epithelia is an underlying lamina propria, a muscular layer, an outer perimuscular layer, and serosa. Unlike elsewhere in the intes... | Anatomy | Abdomen and pelvis |
b926a691-7278-4c01-bef2-55e39a918474 | In Alzheimer's disease, the pathology seen in the brain is - | Atrophy of parietal and temporal lobes | Atrophy of temporal lobes | Atrophy of temporal and occipital lobes | Atrophy of parietal and occipital lobes | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Atrophy of parietal and temporal lobesGross pathology in Alzhiemer's disease:o Diffuse cerebral atrophy of the hippocampus, amygdala and entorhinal coex.o Enlargement of the ventricles caused by neuronal loss.Grossly the brain shows a variable degree of coical atrophy marked by widening of the cerebra... | Psychiatry | null |
bfe34461-a25a-4d1c-ad5c-064e2c41619a | Boys over 16years who are difficult to be handled in a ceified school are sent to ----- for training and reformation for 3years | Orphanage | Foster home | Brostal | Remand home | 2c | single | Boys over 16 years who are too difficult to be handled in a ceified school or have misbehaved there, are sent to a Borstal. The institution falls into a category between a ceified school and an adult prison.A Borstal sentence is usually for three years.Park 23e pg: 589 | Social & Preventive Medicine | Maternal and child care |
4d518cd4-8161-4e18-be17-d9609a7db6d4 | pH of amniotic fluid at later weeks of gestation : | 4.5 | 6.5 | 7 | 7.2 | 3d | single | 7.2 | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
d48987d2-b42a-4a3a-82d0-190a05a235c5 | Muscle of Arm with additional supinator action? | Brachialis | Biceps | Coracobrachialis | Triceps | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Biceps | Anatomy | null |
d4ddb3bb-251f-4b18-b5ae-6af790b43b2b | The most strongly implicated premalignant condition of the oral cavity is - | Fordyce spots | Erythroplakia | Median rhomboid glositis | Erythema multiforme | 1b | single | Erythroplakia is analogous to the term leukoplakia which describes white patches. Together, these are the 2 traditionally accepted types of premalignant lesion in the mouth,When a lesion contains both red and white areas, the term "speckled leukoplakia" or "eyhroleukoplakia" is used. Although oral erythroplakia is much... | Medicine | Miscellaneous |
09608511-2c68-4690-9bf5-c02eac8764a1 | Delusion is the disorder of: | Thought | Perception | Always organic | Always psychiatric | 0a | single | Ans. a (Thought)DELUSION is false belief in something that is not true.Types of delusions are:1. Primary delusions (autochthonous delusions): Arise denovo, cannot be explained on the basis of other experiences or perceptions. They are characteristic of early schizophrenia.2. Secondary delusions: Commonest delusions see... | Psychiatry | Symptoms & Signs |
021d259d-7309-4213-a626-997613439732 | 20 years old female from Bihar with erythematous lesion on cheek with central crusting, likely diagnosis: | SLE | Lupus vulgaris | Tinea versicolor | Cutaneous leishmananiasis | 3d | single | -Central Clearing seen in : TineaQ -Central crusting seen in: LeishmaniasisQ -Central Scarring seen in: Lupus vulgarisQ | Dental | Mycobacterial Infections |
d5ce3b49-093a-4234-a1bf-fee9f165dc0f | Triangle of ausculatation is seen in | 5th intercostal space | 6th intercostal space | 7th intercostal space | 8th intercostal space | 1b | single | Triangle of auscultation is seen in 6 the intercoastal space B D CHOURASIAS HUMAN ANATOMY UPPER LIMB THORAX VOLUME, 1 SIXTH EDITION, PAGE NO, 64 | Anatomy | Thorax |
68b540a3-dfdd-47aa-8c60-40c22363c45d | A 72-year-old man undergoes a subtotal colectomy for a cecal perforation due to a sigmoid colon obstruction. He has had a prolonged recovery and has been on total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for 2 weeks postoperatively. After regaining bowel function, he experienced significant diarrhea. Examination of his abdominal wou... | Zinc | Selenium | Molybdenum | Chromium | 0a | single | The patient has a zinc deficiency. Alopecia, poor wound healing, night blindness or photophobia, anosmia, neuritis, and skin rashes are all characteristic of patients with zinc deficiency, which often results in the setting of excessive diarrhea. Selenium deficiency is characterized by the development of a cardiomyopat... | Anaesthesia | Preoperative assessment and monitoring in anaesthesia |
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