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2107f0bc-b5e5-433a-b635-6a0491bdee6d | Reduced salivary flow following irradiation is dose dependent. At what dose does the flow reach essentially zero: | 4000 rads | 5000 rads | 6000 rads | 7000 rads | 2c | multi | null | Radiology | null |
694d4676-b521-444e-99f8-685007921d8d | True statement about PPV is | It increases with prevalence | It decreases with prevalence | No relation with prevalence | Doubles with decrease in prevalence | 0a | multi | null | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
0a49c555-0985-4dae-9428-430209599028 | All of the following drugs may cause Hirsuitism, except- | Danazol | Phenytoin | Norethisterone | Flutamide | 3d | multi | Ans. is `d' i.e., Flutamide Drugs causing Hirusitism Androgenic drugs o Acetazolamide o Testosterone o Anabolic steroids o Danazole o Androgenic progestins o Coicotropin (Norethisterone) o Metyrapone o Dihydroepiandrosterone Non - androgenic drugs o Phenytoin o Penicillamine o Triamterene - hydrochlohiazide o Cyclospor... | Pharmacology | null |
8dcf1a5f-3b5f-45c0-b2b7-7313c53e74f7 | Precapillary sphincter relaxation occurs due to: | Local chemicals | Sympathetic stimulation | Circulating catecholamines | Capillary filling | 0a | single | Precapillary sphincters are controlled mainly by the local concentration of tissue metabolites. Precapillary sphincters are considered as pa of the precapillary resistance vessels; they determine the size of the capillary exchange area which is perfused at any given moment in the tissue. In the triple response, relaxat... | Physiology | Circulation |
b0389cf2-cdf5-4a2e-8121-4346cfaeac6c | Rivastigmine and Donepezil are drugs used predominantly in the management of which of the following conditions? | Depression | Dissociation | Delusions | Dementia | 3d | single | In Alzheimer's disease the most common cause of dementia, there is a reduction in the activity of acetylcholine within the brain due to loss of cholinergic activity within the brain due to loss of cholinergic neurons in the nucleus basalis of Meyne . Both Rivastigmine and Donepezil are cholinesterase inhibitors used in... | Psychiatry | null |
1999b372-2737-43f7-8eee-9072733fcfdc | All are used to remove potassium in hyperkalemia except | Cation exchange resins | Diuretics | Beta 2 agonists | Dialysis | 2c | multi | The treatment of hyperkalemia is divided into three stages: Immediate antagonism of the cardiac effects of hyperkalemia 10 mL of 10% calcium gluconate (3-4 mL of calcium chloride), infused intravenously over 2-3 min with cardiac monitoring Rapid reduction in plasma K+ concentration by redistribution into cells. 10 unit... | Medicine | Fluid and electrolytes |
5bee6545-b02e-4319-a851-0f6d2ba69d85 | OSHA guidelines for needle and other sharp injuries requires all, Except | Record maintaining of all injuries | Information and training | Pre-exposure prophylaxis | Post-exposure porphylaxis | 2c | multi | Pre-exposure prophylaxis (Ref: Workers in many different occupations are at risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens, including Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and HIV/AIDS. In 1991, OSHA. (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) issued the Bloodborne Pathogens Standard to protect workers from this risk. In 2001, in r... | Surgery | null |
616c6121-cf4a-4f56-9509-e46790c13f51 | Constellation of neuropathy, muscle weakness and wasting, cardiomegaly, edema, ophthalmoplegia, confabulation strongly suggest: KCET 13 | Hysteria | Thiamine deficiency | Lead poisoning | Intracerebral hemorrhage | 1b | single | Ans. Thiamine deficiency | Forensic Medicine | null |
45505bbf-e125-48ec-9749-01b8f38c957a | Citrate as a sole source of carbon is utilized by | Staphylococcus | Salmonella | Shigella | Escherichia | 1b | single | Citrate is used by salmonella as sole source of carbon But citrate test positive: Salmonella Typhimurium Salmonella Paratyphi A is citrate negative Ref: Elmer W Koneman 5th ed Pg 186 | Microbiology | Bacteriology |
7e8cb453-ea1f-42a7-9f81-95b9c1dbe824 | The superior oblique muscle is supplied by? | 3rd cranial nerve | 4th cranial nerve | 5th cranial nerve | 6th cranial nerve | 1b | single | The superior oblique muscle is supplied by4th cranial nerve. | Anatomy | null |
e7a4bd41-21c2-4ef1-8426-a476c7d0a0d1 | Increased insulin receptors are seen in | Obesity | Starvation | Acromegaly | None | 1b | multi | Increased circulating levels of insulin reduce the number of receptors--down-regulation of receptors--and decreased insulin levels increase -the number of receptors - up Regulation.The number of receptors per cell is increased in starvation.Ref: DM Vasudevan, 7th edition, page no: 319 | Biochemistry | Endocrinology |
087bc458-396b-4d79-b73d-78fe6c781174 | Which of the following vitamin is NOT required from diet? | Nicotinic acid | Ascorbic acid | Vitamin-A | Vitamin-D | 3d | single | Vitamin D is synthesized in the skin. 7-Dehydrocholesterol (an intermediate in the synthesis of cholesterol that accumulates in the skin) undergoes a nonenzymic reaction on exposure to ultraviolet light, yielding previtamin D. This undergoes a fuher reaction over a period of hours to form cholecalciferol, which is abso... | Biochemistry | null |
cb41f1e7-911c-4dd9-949f-a27bbb6098d5 | Diagnosis of x linked agammaglobulinamia should be suspected if | Absent tonsils and no palpable lymph nodes on physical examination | Female sex | High iso hemagglutinin titers | Low CD3 | 0a | single | Ref Robbins 9/e p240-241 Classically, this disease is characterized by the following: * Absent or markedly decreased numbers of B cells in the circulation, with depressed serum levels of all classes of immunoglobulins. The numbers of pre-B cells in the bone marrow may be normal or reduced. * Underdeveloped or rudimenta... | Anatomy | General anatomy |
ee0344be-5ffe-44f4-a4a1-ad7dbac16727 | Metabolic complications of subtotal gastrectomy with Billroth I or Billroth II reconstruction include: | Anemia | Reactive hypoglycemia | Dumping syndrome | All of the above | 3d | multi | Anemia develops in as many as 30% of patients within 15 years of surgery. The cause is multifactorial and includes malabsorption of iron, folate, and vitamin B 12. A metabolic bone disease occurs in as many as 33% of patients, is similar to osteomalacia, and is probably a result of malabsorption of calcium and vitamin ... | Surgery | Stomach & Duodenum |
8579091a-2503-478d-9a9c-4c4702236e21 | Antiviral drug having dual antiviral activity against HIV and HBV is : | Enfuvirtide | Emtricitabine | Abacavir | Entecavir | 1b | single | null | Pharmacology | null |
79460587-d579-46dd-ada9-5066afa95aaa | Palmar erythema is seen in: | CCF | ARF | CRF | Hepatic failure | 3d | single | A symmetrical and slightly warm area of erythema on the thenar and hypothenar eminences of the palm in chronic liver disease patients is referred to as palmar erythema. Features of Palmar Erythema May have a mottled appearance or blanch when pressed. Not associated with pain, itch or scaling. May involve the palmar asp... | Medicine | Misc. |
84873d0c-bacd-4889-ac0f-67b8590db6b7 | In diabetic pregnancy least common is: | Caudal regression syndrome | Anencephaly` | VSD | Spina bifida | 0a | single | Caudal regression syndrome | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
edf5a7fc-af51-4b32-8579-b1f148727b30 | First internal organ to putrefy | Hea | Brain | Larynx | Kidney | 2c | single | Larynx & trachea -Stomach, intestines & Spleen -Liver (foamy liver) lings-Brain -Hea - Kidneys, bladder -Prostate, uterus-Skin, muscle, tendon - Bones Larynx is the earliest organQto putrefy. Nulliparous uterusQis the last organQto putrefy, gravid uterus and uterus soon after delivery putrefies rapidly In males, Prosta... | Forensic Medicine | Thanatology |
208cc4a4-b936-4784-9f24-df206a1d165d | In an infrabony pocket the junctional epithelium lies | Apical to the root apices | Apical to the crest of the alveolar bone | Coronal to the crest of the alveolar bone | At the level of the alveolar bone | 1b | single | null | Dental | null |
cf894587-d08f-4c14-9359-46314e0bdae9 | All predispose to torsion testis, except: | Inversion testis | Epididymo orchitis | High investment of tunica vaginalis | Separation of epididymis from body of testis | 1b | multi | Ans: b (Epididymo orchitis) Ref: Bailey & Love, 24th ed, p. 1405Epididymo orchitis does not predispose to torsion testisPredisposing factors for torsion of testisa) Inversion of the testis (most common)b) High investment of the tunica vaginalis cause testis to hang within the tunica like a clapper in a bellc) Separatio... | Surgery | Testis & Scrotum |
335d33a8-374e-4f3c-a826-0aff9ef114a8 | Distant direct ophthalmoscopy is done at a distance of: | 20 cm. | 25 cm. | 50 cm. | 100 cm. | 1b | single | B i.e. 25 cm | Ophthalmology | null |
70d7bc1f-a4c9-480b-835d-803600e9c418 | Bhore committee advised - | Integration of health services | 100% immunisation | Eradication of povey | Minimum needs programme | 0a | single | One of the impoant recommendations of the Bhore Committee was Integration of preventive and curative services at all administrative levels (refer pgno:873 park 23 rd edition) | Social & Preventive Medicine | Health education & planning |
c9519750-1f46-449d-97af-9c91b1d9c9aa | Positively charged particle can be easily filtered than negatively charged particle because | Positively charged particles are of small size | Presence of positive charged particles on filtering membrane attracts positively charged particle | Presence of negatively charged sialoproteins on filtering membrane repels negatively charged particles and allows positively charged particles. | None of the above | 2c | multi | Epithetial cells of Bowman's capsule deposits negatively charged sialoproteins in basement membrane.
It repels negatively charged particles and attracts positively charged particles. | Physiology | null |
b67fde7c-787f-4e4c-a7fe-d543868f586f | Ideal number of antenatal visits: | 14-Dec | 8-Jun | 9-Jul | 11-Oct | 0a | single | Ideally the schedule of antenatal visits should be : Monthly visit upto 28 weeks Two weekly visit between 28 and 36 weeks Weekly visit from 36 week onwards This means a total of 12-15 visits. Ref: Datta Obs 9e pg 89. | Anatomy | General obstetrics |
8156240c-3975-4a9d-b583-bff08bb0cef0 | Gastric lavage is contraindicated in? | Organo-Phosphosphate poisoning | Hydrocarbons | Bicarbonate | PCM toxicity | 1b | single | Contraindications of gastric lavage: Absolute: Corrosives to prevent fuher damage from perforation (except carbolic acid - causes leathery mucosa of stomach - no risk of perforation). Relative: 1. Convulsant - may induce more convulsions 2. Comatose - |change of aspiration.3. Varices - can cause bleeding 4. Volatile - ... | Forensic Medicine | FMGE 2018 |
7f1d31df-f03d-41ff-9a47-19ba9530c392 | Ten years after diagnosis of total proctocolitis this patient undergoes colonoscopy and biopsy reveals high-grade dysplasia in 2-10 specimens. What should the physician recommend? | Repeat colonoscopy in 1 year | Increase steroid dosage | Early repeat colonoscopy and biopsy area again | Total proctocolectomy | 3d | single | Risk of dysplasia and colorectal cancer is higher in ulcerative colitis than in the general population. The severity, duration, and anatomic extent of the inflammation are risk factors for the development of dysplasia and cancer. These cancers do not seem to follow the adenoma carcinoma sequence and can arise in flat m... | Surgery | Small & Large Intestine |
74a2f2d2-97c5-41da-9c6d-56ebbe1dac97 | Gynaecomastia is caused by? | Flutamide | Cimetidine | Pyrazinamide | Methotrexate | 1b | single | Ans. (b) CimetidineRef Appendix-39 for 'Drugs causinggynaecomastia" | Pharmacology | Adverse Drug Effect |
1c8c69e1-d8bb-4013-a37b-86e95153f5e5 | All of the following are true about Carcinoma Penis except | Spreads bloods except | Most common type is verrucous | Slowly progreeive | Leads to erosion of artery | 1b | multi | Most common type of Carcinoma Penis is Squamous cell carcinoma. | Surgery | null |
e688635a-7073-4a6c-9511-a9890a71d691 | Drug not used in SIADH is : | Demeclocycline | Desmopressin | Restriction of free water intake | 3% NaCl | 1b | single | null | Pharmacology | null |
51278ab1-8b43-48ec-b552-15e940307084 | For porcelain fused to metal crown, the porcelain should have? | High fusion expansion | High fusion temperature | Linear coefficient of thermal expansion less than that of metal | Linear coefficient of thermal expansion more than that of metal | 2c | single | null | Dental | null |
69daa0b7-e55b-43e5-86df-3adc02c5b8fd | RPGN occurs in all except | SLE | Post streptococcal glomerulonephritis | Diabetic nephropathy | Good pasture's syndrome | 2c | multi | null | Pathology | null |
7989d65b-3f01-40a7-b8d6-d1d65f03d7bc | Quartz in Dental porcelain is | Strengthener | Binder | Pigment | Crack minimizer | 0a | single | null | Dental | null |
cb32a48d-7e93-4bdd-b549-77fefc85ac28 | Most common heart lesion in down syndrome: | Endocardial cushion defect | ASD with ostium secundum | VSD | Coarctation of aorta | 0a | single | a. Endocardial cushion defect(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 610-614)Most common cardiac defect in Down syndrome is Endocardial cushion defect or Atrioventricular septal defect | Pediatrics | Genetics And Genetic Disorders |
a485fee4-ad16-498d-91f6-4c9644581c28 | Most common infection occurs in transplant recipients: | Cytomegalo virus | Epstein Barr virus | Hepatitis virus | Polyoma virus | 0a | single | Ref. Textbook of Microbiology and Immunology BY Parija. Page. 487
Most common infection is CMV.
Below is the table of the infections in transplant recipients (Very important from Harrisons) | Unknown | null |
0b785481-e4e1-4542-90bb-ecfa423780ea | Which bone scan is done to detect metastasis bone | Tc99 MDP | Th201 | Tc99 DMSA | Tc99 sulphur colloid | 0a | single | Tc99 MDP - bone scanTh201-myocardial imagingTc99 DMSA-Renal coical scintigraphyTc99 sulphur colloid - Liver and spleen scintigraphy(Ref: Radiology Review ManualBy Wolfgang Dahne 6thEtd, Page no:1084) | Radiology | All India exam |
faf919cc-3104-4c8a-b346-98ca5037a927 | Cottle test is used for ? | Septal perforation | Rhinophyma | Choanal atresia | DNS | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., DNS Cottle test : It is used to test nasal obstruction due to abnormality of nasal valve as in case of deted nasal septum. In this test, cheek is drawn laterally while the patient breathes quietly. If the nasal airway improves on the test side, the test is positive, and indicates abnormality of the ve... | ENT | null |
3c38d7c0-1f3d-47e7-9b84-320151fc7b56 | All of the following poison's are dialyzable except- | Ethylene glycol | Methanol | Barbiturates | Copper sulphate | 3d | multi | Hemodialysis is not useful in copper sulfate poisoning. It is useful in poisoning with other three given options. | Forensic Medicine | null |
c6390e2d-66a5-4352-8ee8-d9f11b66bcf8 | Colon contains - | Parietal cells | Chief cells | Brunner's gland | Goblet cells | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Goblet cells o Large intestine (colon) contains large number of goblet cells,Part of gutHistological featureStomachGastric pits and glands. Gastric glands contain (from above downwards): Mucus neck cells, parietal cells, chief cells.DuodenumBrunner's glands in the submucosaJejunumSolitary lymphoid nod... | Anatomy | Large Intestine, Rectum, and Anal canal |
7ef69042-a124-4b52-a445-a2dc53cb26af | The Investigation of choice in a 55-year-old postmenopausal women who has presented with postmenopausal bleeding is: | Pap smear | Fractional curettage | Transvaginal ultrasound | CA-125 estimation | 1b | single | Common causes of postmenopausal bleeding Genital malignancy (Me) Decubitus ulcer DUB. Urethral caruncle. Senile endometritis DIAGNOSIS Speculum Examination If a growth is found, punch biopsy is to be taken. If no growth is visible and the cervix looks apparently healthy- Cervical smear Aspiration cytology Fractional cu... | Anatomy | All India exam |
0b92e688-8522-41e8-8606-e63f193c78a4 | In spinal anaesthesia the segmental level of: | Sympathetic block is lower than the sensory block | Sympathetic block is higher than the sensory block | Motor block is higher than the sensory block | Sympathetic, motor and sensory block has the same level | 1b | single | Spinal anaesthesia creates a zone of differential blockade in which sympathetic fibres are blocked two segments higher and motor fibres are blocked two segments lower than the level of sensory block. | Pharmacology | Anaesthesia |
fea332b4-7a9e-4df8-ac1b-ae0497a6dd7a | All of the following agents are used in glaucoma treatment, except | Apraclonidine | Timolol | Pilocarpine | Metoprolol | 3d | multi | Ref:KD Tripathi 7th edition (page.no: 127,144,153) Katzung 10/e p103 metoprolol is b1 selective blocker, so it can't be used for glaucoma. b2 receptor is present in the eye. so drugs acting on beta 2 should be given. Other drugs used for glaucoma are- b blocker- Timolol,Betaxolol, a agonist ; Apraclonidine,Brimonidine,... | Pharmacology | Autonomic nervous system |
c157af3f-4252-4366-be1d-116196946154 | All of the following are examples of time dependent late adverse drug reactions except: | Glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis | Nitrate induced headache | Chloroquine induced retinopathy | Amiodarone induced tissue phospholipid deposition | 1b | multi | null | Pharmacology | null |
b8a1358d-556a-4ba9-bf9b-a9582ab186cf | Parasympathetic supply to lacrimal glands are passed through ? | Lesser petorsal nerve | Chorda tympani | Greater petorsal nerve | Lingual nerve | 2c | single | Greater petorsal nerve | Anatomy | null |
e5644567-4898-4102-bc78-fc1fe69b3583 | Figure shows the mechanism of action of: | Vinblastine | Cisplatin | Imatinib | Trastuzumab | 0a | single | Ans. (A) VinblastineThe mechanism shows the inhibition of polymerization of tubulin means the drug inhibit the spindle formation. This mechanism is shown by vinca alkaloids like vincristine and vinblastine.Mechanism on spindleDrugsInhibit polymerization of tubulinVincristine, VinblastineInhibit depolymerization of tubu... | Pharmacology | Chemotherapy: General Principles |
4bf1d0cd-31ac-4ee5-afa8-9c833fed526b | IPC for criminal responsibility defining non-offence is ? | 82 | 182 | 88 | 188 | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., 82 Criminal responsibility:o Any act wrhich is done by a child under seven years of age is not an offence- Section 82 I.P.C.o A child between seven and 12 years is presumed to be capable of commiting an offence , if he attained ''sufficient maturity of understanding to judge the nature and consequence... | Forensic Medicine | Introduction to Forensic Medicine and Medical Jurisprudence |
74f4ba73-f689-4afa-a3c6-1af0a81dcfa7 | Standard method to differentiate between endotracheal and esophageal intubation is- | End tidal CO2 | Chest X-rays | Auscultation | Paial pressure of 02 | 0a | single | Auscultation is the most commonly used method to detect endobronchial intubation. But it may be misleading, as breath sounds can be transmitted to opposite side of the chest. Chest x-ray is reliable but time consuming and expensive. The radio opaque marker at the patient end shoilube in the middle third of trachea. End... | Anaesthesia | Anaesthetic equipments |
6d75ec18-2a9b-41fe-8f07-73bed181121c | True about vibrio cholerae is - | Disease more common in woman | Classical vibrio protect against development of 0-139 Tor is milder than classical | El - Tor is milder than classical | All | 2c | multi | El - Tor is milder than classical | Microbiology | null |
5277138b-7c95-4f8e-86a5-411f5372e1d6 | The frequent mechanism in perforation of appendix is? | Impacted faecolith | Tension gangrene due to the accumulating secretions | Necrosis of lymphoid patch | Retrocaecal function | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Tension gangrene due to the accumulating secretions | Surgery | null |
9a1c3762-50ad-4897-95dd-34f70924dff3 | All are ocular emergencies except | Diabetic Retinopathy | Bacterial endophthalmitis | Sympathetic ophthalmitis | Eye injury | 0a | multi | Endopthalmitis, Eye injury, Sympathetic opthalmitis all present as ocular emergency. Diabetic retinopathy does not present as ocular emegency. | Ophthalmology | Retina |
df24645a-022a-4587-84c7-1f56c57e22c3 | Which glomerular lesion is seen in cases of reflux nephropathy | RPGN | MPGN | MGN | FSGS | 3d | single | FSGS is seen in cases of congenital renal anomalies (unilateral renal agenesis or renal dysplasia) and acquited causes like reflex nephropathy. | Pathology | null |
bf0a6633-9443-4eb3-bd97-19f6fb10ac92 | A 25 year old colonscopy showed pigmentary deposits and microscopy showed pigment laden macrophages. The women in on laxatives for past one year. Which of the following is the cause of it ? | Castor oil | Bisacodyl | Lactulose | Senna | 3d | single | Ref. KDT. Page. 677.
Senna is obtained from leaves and pod of certain Cassia sp., while Cascara sagrada is the powdered bark of the buck-thorn tree.
These and a number of other plant purgatives contain anthraquinone glycosides, also called emodins.
Senna is most popularly used.
MOA – They not active as such. Unabsorbe... | Unknown | null |
f215ca57-e3e3-4e11-8919-f567ee4af81b | H type endodontic instrument has a spiral edge arranged to allow cutting during | Pushing stroke | Pulling stroke | Circular stroke | Oblong stroke | 1b | multi | null | Dental | null |
59c271a3-d6d7-44a8-b4b8-23510e08b0fd | All are features of ileocecal tuberculosis except? | Pulled Up Cecum | Fleischner Sign | Goose Neck Deformity | Wind-Sock Appearance of duodenum | 3d | multi | * Wind Sock Appearance of Duodenum is seen with intraluminal diveiculum of duodenum. Goose neck deformity occurs due to contracted, cicatrized, and pulled-up cecum as well as straightening of the terminal ileum seen in ileocecal tb . The 'Fleischner sign'(also known as the 'inveed umbrella sign'), refers to a widely ga... | Radiology | Gastrointestinal Radiology |
a68a6c5c-4984-4a3b-b985-c57ebd2a300e | Acid susceptible penicillin is? | Methicillin | Ampicillin | Amoxicillin | Cloxacillin | 0a | single | null | Pharmacology | null |
ccb58bf0-ee5d-4658-a936-a3ac446342af | Fracture shown in this radiograph is: | Colies' fracture | Smith's fracture | Bennet's fracture | Rolando's fracture | 2c | single | Ans. C Bennet's fractureThere is a 2-part fracture of base of thumb (first metacarpal) with intra articular extension. Similar intra articular 3 part or comminuted fracture is known as Rolando's fractureQ. Abductor pollicis longus tendonQ - creates an un-opposed pull on the fracture fragments hence Bennet's fracture re... | Radiology | Skeletal System |
16892598-11eb-4174-baa4-1faa4d47a0e3 | The following are the features of β thalassemia major except – | Bone marrow hyperplasia | Hair–on–end appearance | Splenomegaly | Increased osmotic fragility | 3d | multi | null | Pediatrics | null |
4249a6e5-a636-4f61-94d4-b81d00c8bb8d | Chronic Cor pulmonale is seen in all except: | Pulmonary embolization | COPD | Cystic fibrosis | Primary pulmonary hypeension | 0a | multi | Answer is None or A (None or Pulmonary embolization): Recurrent pulmonary embolization leads to chronic cor pulmonale, but the question does not mention 'Recurrent' and hence this is the single best answer of exclusion COPD, Cystic Fibrosis and Bronchiectasis may all progress to chronic cor pulmonale Etiology of Chroni... | Medicine | null |
358e4e5e-b218-4939-b296-545e45a6838c | According to WHO, membranous glomerulonephritis seen in SLE, is- | Class II | Class III | Class IV | Class V | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Class V KIDNEY INVOLVEMENT IN SLE (LUPUS NEPHRITIS) A. Glomerular disease There are several versions of WHO classification of lupus nephritis ? 1. Minimal or no detectable abnormalities (class 1) o It occurs in less than 5% of patients. o Has best prognosis. 2.Mesangial lupus glomerulonephritis (class... | Pathology | null |
ff8e5916-27fc-4415-9b63-3b8cb5d3dfc0 | Ouchterlony procedure is a immunodiffusion by | Single diffusion in one dimension | Double diffusion in one dimension | Single diffusion in two dimensions | Double diffusion in two dimensions | 3d | single | Single diffusion in one dimension - Oudin procedure
Double diffusion in one dimension - Oakley fulthorpe procedure
Single diffusion in two dimensions - Radial immunodiffusion
Double diffusion in two dimensions - Ouchterlony procedure | Microbiology | null |
604f92a1-1e5c-4a86-aa51-eb334621a345 | Formation of Okazaki fragments occur in | Transcription | Translation | Transduction | Replication | 3d | single | In molecular biology, DNA replication is the biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule. This process occurs in all living organisms and is the basis for biological inheritance. DNA is made up of a double helix of two complementary strands. During replication, these str... | Biochemistry | Metabolism of nucleic acids |
05abf886-a2c5-4d33-b18c-d889b19d59af | The earliest change seen in apoptosis is - | Cell shrinkage | Pyknosis | Formation of apoptotic bodies | Fragmentation of cells | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Cell shrinkage Morphological changes in apoptosiso Features of apoptosis areCell shrinkage : It is the earliest changes. It is due to damage to cytoskeleta! proteins.Chromatin condensation (pyknosis)/nuclear compaction : It is the most characteristic feature.Formation of cytoplasmic blebs : It is the ... | Pathology | Apoptosis |
fb7ddcc7-8782-4d38-aca1-e2b909f9b831 | Methemoglobinemia may be caused by following agents, EXCEPT: | Sulfonamides | Phenytoin | Phenacetin | Phenazopyridine | 1b | multi | Drugs Commonly Implicated in Patients with Methemoglobinemia: Analgesics Phenazopyridine Phenacetin Antimicrobials Antimalarials Dapsone Local anesthetics Benzocaine Lidocaine Prilocaine Dibucaine Nitrates/nitrites Amyl nitrite Isobutyl nitrite Sodium nitrite Ammonium nitrate Silver nitrate Sulfonamides Ref: Farmer B.M... | Pharmacology | null |
08295e22-9c86-44a2-bd94-3621b9925304 | Which of the following results in bitemporal hemianopia? | Craniopharyngioma | Optic nerve glioma | Posterior cerebral aery occlusion | AION | 0a | single | - Tumors of the pituitary body are MCC of bitemporal hemianopia, Suprasellar tumors like: Craniopharyngioma and Suprasellar meningioma also results in bitemporal hemianopia | Ophthalmology | Neuro Ophthalmology |
19ed27fd-fd34-42b1-8023-49e357e5c8fc | Which of the following statistics should be adjusted for age to allow comparisons- | Age specific feility rate | Crude moality rate | Perinatal moality rate | Infant moality rate | 1b | multi | Crude death rate is adjusted on the basis of age to obtain "Age adjusted or standardised death rates". Advantage of age adjusted standardised death rates is that, it removes all the confounding effects of different age structures and yields a single standardised adjusted rate, by which the moality experience can be dir... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Epidemiology |
d8d03fd7-8092-48ab-a94c-8eeda2d7131a | Marker of lysosome is: (Repeat) | Acid Phosphatase | Lactate dehydrogenase | Oxidase | Na K ATPase | 0a | single | Ans: A (Acid Phosphatase) Ref: Harpers illustrated biochemistry, 28th edition.Explanation:Markers of Intracellular organellesPlasma Membrane: Na+ K+ ATPase & 5' NucleotidaseCytoplasm: Lactate dehydrogenaseMitochondria: Glutamate dehydrogenaseRibosome: RNAEndoplasmic reticulum: Glucose-6 phosphataseLvsosoitie: Acid phos... | Biochemistry | Enzyme Specificity and Allosteric Regulation |
9ff0bba2-2cad-4086-a7f2-cfa018876e19 | Non professional antigen presenting cell is A/E – | Red blood cells | Endothelial cell | Epidermal cell | Fibroblasts | 0a | single | Non-professional antigen presenting cell
o A non-professional APC does not constitutively express the Major Histocompatibility Complex class II
(MHC class II) proteins required for interaction with naive T cells; these are expressed only upon
Stimulation of the non- professional APC by certain cytokines such as IFN-γ.
... | Pathology | null |
0af5c147-be0b-4fb9-94a4-9d14e9bcb752 | Following MRM parasthesia develops due to involvement of which nerve | Long thoracic nerve | Medial pectoral nerve | Brachial cutaneous nerve | Thoracodorsal nerve | 2c | single | .Complications of MRM/mastectomy * Injury/thrombosis of axillary vein * Seroma--50-70% * Shoulder dysfunction 10% * Pain (30%) and numbness (70%) * Flap necrosis/infection * Lymphoedema (15%) and its problems * Axillary hyperaesthesia (0.5-1%) * Winged scapula LYMPHANGIOSARCOMA (Stewa-Treve's syndrome) of upper limb ca... | Surgery | Endocrinology and breast |
c35ec938-5003-4209-862a-0c025fd5a2dc | The lung abscess in children can be caused by all except- | Pneumococcus | E. Histolytica | Staphylococcus | Klebsiella | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., E. Histolytica Lung abscess in children Lung abscess are most likely to occur in - i) Immunocompromized patients ii) Those with recurrent aspiration v) Complication of pneumonia iii) Malnutrition iv) Blunt chest trauma Organisms commonly causing lung abscess are - Staph. aureus S. pneumoniae Pseudomon... | Pediatrics | null |
80f36239-e22c-4d02-a531-6331fb4d40ad | Deltoid is supplied by - | Suprascapular nerve | Axillary nerve | Upper and lower subscapular nerves | All of the above | 1b | multi | null | Anatomy | null |
40622c2c-896f-4b06-9e2c-1353771e665f | Forceps are preferred over vacuum for the delivery because of the following reasons except | Vacuum requires more clinical skills than forceps | Vacuum is preferred more than forceps in HIV patient | Forceps are more commonly associated with fetal facial injury | Vacuum has more chance of formation of cephalhe matoma | 0a | multi | Ans. a. Vacuum requires more clinical skills than forceps | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
a13ec6a5-7898-4438-9604-250d042feba7 | Soft friable extradural hematoma with honeycomb appearance seen in autopsy in cases of death due to - | Coagulopathy | Thermal injury | Post moem trauma | None of the above | 1b | multi | Reff: The synopsis of forensic medicine& Toxicology 28th edition pg: 167 Heat hematoma: Heat hematoma is soft, friable clot that is pink in colour and shows honeycomb appearance. It is 2-15 mm thick and contains 100-120 ml of blood. Characteristic feature of thermal injury. | Forensic Medicine | Thermal injury |
5809008f-8182-4a8f-b331-6ea6e9389524 | An infant presents with cardiac failure. Examination reveals a weaker femoral pulse when compared to the radial pulse. What is the probable diagnosis? | PDA | COA | Aorto-illiac vasculitis | VSD | 1b | single | Ref: Nelson's Textbook of Pediatrics. 19th Edition.Explanation:Weak femoral pulse is indicative of Coarctation of aorta. Normally, the femoral pulse occurs slightly before the radial pulse. Weak femoral pulse or femoral pulse felt after radial pulse is a characteristic feature of COACoarctation of aorta (COA)Constricti... | Pediatrics | C.V.S. |
30a41374-7029-4b43-8833-a79c01534c00 | First cell in RBC development is | Proerythroblast | Intermediate normoblast | Reticulocyte | Basophilic erythroblast | 0a | single | . | Anatomy | All India exam |
5610fcc1-8b3b-4e68-850f-938c91636041 | The mineral having sparing action on vitamin E | Calcium | Iron | Iodine | Selenium | 3d | single | The element selenium is found in the enzyme glutathione peroxidase that destroys free radicals. Thus, Se is also involved in antioxidant functions like vitamin E, and both of them act synergistically. To a certain extent, Se can spare the requirement vitamin E, and vice versa.
Ref : Satyanarayana, 3rd ed, pg. ... | Biochemistry | null |
d5f38713-e153-4a60-887a-17d84cb5efba | If a completely radioactive double stranded DNA molecule undergoes two rounds of replication in a solution free of radioactive label. What is the radioactivity status of the resulting four double stranded DNA molecules | 50% of the DNA molecules have no radioactivity | 2 DNA molecules have radioactivity in both strands | I DNA molecule has radioactivity in both strands | All 4 DNA molecules have radioactivity | 0a | multi | DNA replication is semi conservative. Thus 2 DNA molecules have one strand with radioactivity and other 2 DNA molecules have no radioactivity. | Biochemistry | null |
cccd3ad8-9dea-4d10-8536-812bae6afa6c | Effect of environment on genes is called – | Positive Eugenics | Negative Eugenics | Euthenics | Enthenics | 2c | multi | Eugenics
Science which aims to improve the genetic endowment of human population.
That is improving the quality of the human species or a human population by genetic manipulation.
Eugenic may be :
Negative → Discouraging reproduction by persons having genetic defect or presumed to have inheritable undesirabl... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
620c91fc-2b3d-4b89-abc6-1673fec306e9 | What should be measured in a newborn who presents with hyperbilirubinemia – | Total & Direct bilirubin | Total bilirubin only | Direct bilirubin only | Conjugated bilinibin only | 0a | single | Bilirubin is a tetrapyrrole and a breakdown product of heme catabolism.
Most bilirubin (70%-90%) is derived from hemoglobin degradation and, to a lesser extent, from other hemoproteins. In the serum, bilirubin is usually measured as both direct bilirubin (DBil) and total-value bilirubin
Direct bilirubin correlates with... | Pediatrics | null |
7232e19d-de66-4284-8dce-7bcd3261f14c | Which of the following gene defect is associated with development of medullary carcinoma of thyroid? | RET Proto Oncogene | Fap gene | Rb gene | BRCA 1 gene | 0a | single | Activating point mutation in the RET proto oncogene plays impoant role in development of both familial and sporadiac medullary carcinoma of thyroid. The tumour tissue is firm,pale grey to tan and infiltrative. On microscopy,stroma shows acellular amyloid deposits which are derived from calcitonin polypeptides. Ref: Rob... | Pathology | Endocrinology |
f4470ff9-6011-4f8c-b523-6844ae8c14f7 | 21 yearold female presents with history of mild bilateral ptosis, proximal muscle weakness and easy fatiguability. Which amongst the following, is best in diagnosing this condition: March 2013 (b) | Muscle biopsy | Edrophonium test | Repetitive nerve stimulation test | Electromyography | 1b | single | Ans. B i.e. Edrophonium test Myasthenia gravis Decreased myoneural junction transmission Features: Dysahria, Dysphagia, Proximal muscle weakness, Sensory modalities and deep tendon reflexes are NORMAL MC used cholinergic drugs: Pyridostigmine/neostigmine Surgical procedure (should be done in all cases): Thymectomy | Medicine | null |
124eeb8e-f3f6-4a74-ab5b-3f023cd2e4ed | Investigation of choice for evaluation of acute head injury: AIIMS 14 | CECT Head | NCCT Head | MRI Brain | CT Angiography | 1b | single | Ans. NCCT Head | Forensic Medicine | null |
65e8b791-212e-4510-978f-99b42faeb4a2 | A 19-year-old G2P1 woman at 9 weeks' gestation presents to the obstetrics and gynaecology clinic for her second prenatal visit. She reports no complaints other than occasional nausea. She had her first child by spontaneous vaginal delivery without complications. She is taking no medications and denies ethanol, tobacco,... | Despite the potential for fetal infection , she may opt out from the test | Early retroviral therapy will absolutely decrease the chances of transmitting infection to the baby. | CDC recommends screening only for patients with high risk factors | Risk of the test include potential for fetal loss. | 0a | multi | The CDC and ACOG (2008) has recommended prenatal screening for HIV using an “optout approach” this means that the woman is notified that HIV testing is included in a comprehensive set of antenatal tests, but that testing may be declined.
Women are given information regarding HIV but are not required to sign a specific ... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
436d5ebb-a725-40a5-85b7-339a8b0f9e89 | All are indicated in a patient with cystinuria with multiple renal stones except | Cysteamine | Increase fluid intake | Alkalinization of urine | Penicillamine | 0a | multi | Ans. a. Cysteamine Patient with cystinuria with multiple renal stones should be treated with increase urine volume (high fluid intake), alkalinization of urine Penicillamine and tiopronin. Cystinuria (AR) Inheritance: Autosomal recessive Molecular defect: Shared dibasic cystine transpoer SLC3A1, SLC7A9Q Tissue manifest... | Medicine | null |
702a4b32-1309-485d-8dbd-2fd8b8211ce8 | Whip lash injury occurs in | Pedestrian hit from front | Pedestrian hit from behind | Occupant of a car | Any of the above | 2c | multi | Whiplash injury In Road traffic accidents, involving acceleration/ deceleration trauma. commonly sustained by the front seat occupant of a car with no or poorly adjusted head rest Sudden hyperextension & then hyperflexion of neck occurs Resulting in fatal contusion or laceration of spinal cord without fracture of spine... | Forensic Medicine | Regional injuries |
fdadb427-773c-4cc4-9241-aa5a99c52d90 | Vesicoureteric reflux is best demonstrated by: | Intravenous pyelography | Micturating cystourethrogram | Retrograde pyelography | Isotope renography | 1b | single | Ans. Micturating cystourethrogram | Radiology | null |
a32b791b-2254-44fd-8dca-062aeed41c20 | Which of the following is the commonest site of fibroma? | Labia majora | Labia minora | Clitoris | Rudimentary hymen | 0a | single | Fibroma is a rare benign tumor of the vulva arises from deep connective tissues by fibroblast proliferation. Lesions are primarily found on the labia majora. Larger lesions often become pedunculated with a long stalk and may cause pain or dyspareunia. Surgical excision is indicated for symptomatic lesions. Ref: Hoffman... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
4cab72ee-ecbd-4521-9a44-b3cbd054c058 | Biosafety precaution grade III is practiced in all of the following organisms except ? | Human influenza virus | St. louis encephalitis virus | Coxiella burnetti | Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 0a | multi | Human influenza virus is Biosafety grade II virus | Microbiology | null |
2b8374f3-8384-4b8e-a999-32b8efde94b8 | Nasal mucosa is supplied by: | only external carotid aery | Only internal carotid aery | Mainly external carotid aery | Mainly internal carotid aery | 2c | single | Both the internal and external carotid aery supply the nose but main aery is the external carotid aery. Ref.Dhingra5/e p 189 | ENT | Nose and paranasal sinuses |
e58e5138-6a4e-46d8-a20b-92c14a991dc7 | In coronary bypass graft surgery of a 49-year-old female, the internal thoracic aery is used as the coronary aery bypass graft. The anterior intercostal aeries in intercostal spaces three to six are ligated. Which of the following aeries will be expected to supply these intercostal spaces? | Musculophrenic | Superior epigastric | Posterior intercostal | Lateral thoracic | 2c | single | The anterior intercostal aeries anastomose with the posterior intercostal aeries. Ligation of the anterior aeries would not affect the supply of the intercostal spaces because the posterior aeries would provide collateral aerial supply. Branches of the musculophrenic aery provide supply for the lower seventh, eighth, a... | Surgery | Thorax And Mediastinum |
13256dea-5dc7-4fb2-bfa3-5e0ac4408575 | Patent vitello-intestinal duct should preferably be operated at: | Bih | 6 months of age | 12 months of age | 3 years of age | 1b | single | Patent Vitello-intestinal Duct The resulting umbilical fistula discharges mucus and rarely, feces A patent vitello-intestinal duct should be excised, together with a Meckel&;s Diveicula if present, preferably when the child is about 6 months old Ref: Bailey 27th edition Pgno : 1044 | Surgery | G.I.T |
6358f295-0a9e-440c-bb79-5f496891613c | A 28 year old female comes to you with history of oligomenorrhea. On examination you note hirsutism and virilisation. USG showed that the left ovary is enlarged. The testosterone levels comes as 4 ng/ml. What is the MOST probable diagnosis? Note: The LH levels are normal. | PCOS | Stromal hypehecosis | Luteoma of pregnancy | Ovarian tumor | 3d | single | PCOS is associated with elevated LH and mildly elevated testosterone. In case of stromal hypehecosis, though testosterone is elevated and LH is normal. Markedly elevated testosterone > 2 ng/ml is suggestive of tumor. Ref: Essentials of Gynaecology by Lakshmi Seshadri, Edition 1, page - 254. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
897b5be0-a6c7-4025-985c-43af58e296eb | Pale waxy umbilicated swelling on the lid is | Chalazion | Molluscum contagiosum | External hordeolum | Internal hordeolum | 1b | single | Eyelid disorders Inflammatory disorders of eyelidsClinical pictureTreatmentBlepharitisSubacute or chronic inflammation of lid margins due to Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus aureus, Demodexfolliculorum&PhthiriasisPalpebraCrusts should be removed, Antibiotic ointment at least twice daily ( Erythromycin or tetracycline ),... | Pathology | All India exam |
bf2adaf8-0465-4fbb-8a6d-85e7d6adba18 | Which of the following is an oral thrombin inhibitor? | Rivaroxaban | Dabigatran | Argatroban | Alfimeprase | 1b | single | Dabigatran etexilate is an oral thrombin inhibitor and rivaroxaban is an oral factor Xa inhibitor. Dabigatran etexilate is used as an alternative to warfarin for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation. Argatroban is a parenteral direct thrombin inhibitor. Alfimeprase is a fibrinolytic agent. Ref: Harris... | Pharmacology | null |
fd8105f7-3a08-4cf9-83a2-285cf55cf38e | Killian dehiscence is seen in | Superior constrictor | Inferior constrictor | Middle constrictor | None | 1b | multi | Inferior constrictor muscle has two pas:- (i) Thyropharyngeous with oblique fibers, and (ii) Cricopharyngeous with transverse fibers Between these two pas of inferior constrictor exists a potential gap called Killian&;s dehiscence. It is also called the gateway to tear as perforation can occur at this site during esoph... | ENT | Pharynx |
a114573c-cb80-47bc-b5ab-4d5460e84896 | Cataract is caused by ? | Hypoparathyroidism | Cigrate smoking | Non-ionizing radiation | All of the above | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., All of the above | Ophthalmology | null |
08ed2984-6c2d-4a55-b57c-ac67128dff7d | NOT true about co-relation is- | Doesn't tell about causation | Tells about risk of the disease | -1.0 correlation shows linear relationship | Tells association between two variables | 1b | multi | Ref:Parks 23rd edition pg 852 In order to find out whether there is significant association or not between the two variables , coefficient or Corelation is calculated . r lies between -1 and +1 r near -1 : indicates strong negative correlation . r = 0 : indicates no association r near +1: indicates strong positive corr... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Biostatistics |
a358d9e6-0906-43e1-b9e7-9cf1cbe84cb5 | Anti-ds DNA antibodies are most specific for | SLE | Rheumatoid ahritis | Scleroderma | Polymyositis | 0a | single | The best screening test for SLE is a demonstration of Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) Sensitive test for SLE ANA Specific test for SLE Anti-ds DNA and Anti Sm antibody Ref - Harrison's internal medicine 20e pg 2515, 2516f, 2517t, 2518t, 2522 | Medicine | All India exam |
e3fa7c77-8455-46ec-8b5f-64a206e20a86 | Pruritus precedes jaundice in | Primary biliary cirrhosis | Secondary biliary cirrhosis | Primary sclerosing cholangitis | CBD stone | 0a | single | Primary biliary cirrhosis Believed to be an autoimmune etiology, leading to progressive destruction of intrahepatic bile ducts More common in females Associated with autoimmune disorders (CREST, Sicca syndrome, Autoimmune thyroiditis, Renal tubular acidosis) Clinical features Most patients are asymptomatic, pruritus th... | Anatomy | G.I.T |
b2c5c01e-a574-4599-9c58-f5826495d393 | Esthesio neuroblastoma arises from - | Olfactory N | Maxillary N | Ophthalmic N | Nasociliary N | 0a | single | Esthesioneuroblastoma or olfactory neuroblastoma are uncommon highly malignant tumors, arising from the neuroendocrine cells in the olfactory mucosa. Ref : Osborn Neuroradiology 1/e p493 | Surgery | Head and neck |
d28834f0-9f2f-44f9-b12a-964a11dae419 | All of the following blood vessels are a part of Kiesselbachfs plexus except- | Anterior Ethmoidal artery | Posterior ethmoidal artery | Greater palatine artery | Superior labial artery | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Posterior ethmoidal artery o Four arteries contribute to little's area:# Anterior ethmoidal artery# Septal branch of superior labial artery (Branch of facial A).# Septal branch of sphenopalatine artery (Branch of maxillary A).# Greater palatine artery (Branch of maxillary A).o These arteries anastomos... | ENT | Epistaxis |
e472cf4b-adc0-4723-b240-6037fda1dec8 | Denominator in maternal moality ratio? | Mid Year Population | Live bihs | Total bihs | Total numbebr of pregnancies | 1b | single | Maternal moality rate is total no.of female deaths due tobcomplications of pregnancy, childbih or within 42 days of delivery from puerperal causes in an area during a given year by total no.of live bihs in the same year and area.REF.PARK'S TEXTBOOK OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICINE.Editon-21.Page no.-514 | Social & Preventive Medicine | obstetrics,pediatrics and geriatrics |
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