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1efd7aac-0ace-4bc6-9603-825aa2bfea05 | Earliest symptom of glomus tumor is: | Pulsatile tinnitus | Deafness | Headache | Veigo | 0a | single | Ans. A Pulsatile tinnitus "The two most common presenting symptoms of paraganglioma of temporal bone (Glomus tumor) are conductive hearing losso and pulsatile tinnnus" Hearing loss is conductive and slowly progressive Tinnitus is pulsatile and of swishing character", synchronous with pulse", and can be temporarily stop... | ENT | null |
2b1c04e3-182f-46b4-850c-561c101eb895 | Most common cause of insertional tendonitis of tendoachilles is - | Overuse | Improper shoe wear | Runners and jumpers | Steroid injections | 0a | single | Achilles tendon injury
Achilles tendon is the thickest and strongest tendon in the body and is also the one of the most commonly injured tendon in the body.
The most common Achilles tendon injuries are :-
Achilles tendinosis (formerly called Achilles tendonitis)
Achilles tendon rupture
Achilles tendinosis (Achilles... | Orthopaedics | null |
d4af32dd-386b-4c10-b484-f109b2b4a7ad | Drug of choice of hypeension in pregnancy is ? | Methyldopa | Thiazide | Nifedipine | Labetalol | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Methylopa o Methyldopa is DOC for hypeension in pregnancy. o Nifedipine is 2nd choice. o Hydralazine is DOC for hypeensive emergencies in pregnancy. | Pharmacology | null |
8d3420cf-9433-4126-906b-f562d77ef7e2 | Increased blood levels of cholesterol that are seen in hypothyroidism are most likely due to - | Decreased calorigenesis | Decreased production of LDL receptor in liver and the thus decreased clearance by liver | Decreased production of LDL receptor in the adipose tissue and increased release of cholesterol from adipose tissues | Increased breakdown of lipoproteins releasing cholesterol in circulation | 1b | single | Ans- B Thyroid hormone increases the hepatic expression of LDL receptor. Hence in hypothyroidism there is reduction in hepatic LDL receptor So there is reduced clearance of LDL. | Unknown | null |
1baea987-9c1c-4106-86f0-1a35cf304294 | Sudden death, right sided heart failure (cor pulmonate or cardiovascular collapse occur when | Small pulmonary embolism | Massive pulmonary embolism | 60% or more of pulmonary artery is obstructed with emboli | End artery obliteration | 2c | multi | CONSEQUENCES OF PULMONARY EMBOLISM
i) Sudden death. Massive pulmonary embolism(60% or moreof pulmonary artery) results in instantaneous death, without occurrence of chest pain or
dyspnoea. However, if the death is somewhat delayed, the clinical features resemble myocardial infarction i.e. severe
chest pain, dyspnoea an... | Pathology | null |
9934b988-d862-48e7-a2d7-4253e0567231 | Inferior olivary nucleus is present in | Base of pons | Midbrain, at level of superior colliculus | Midbrain, at level of inferior colliculus | Lateral medulla | 3d | single | The inferior olivary nucleus, a cerebellar relay nucleus, is the most prominent nucleus in the lateral medulla. Coordinate signals from the spinal cord to the cerebellum to regulate motor coordination and learning. fig:- crossection at the level of medulla(upper pa) | Anatomy | Brainstem, cerebellum and ventricles |
e9f2c377-749c-47b4-8baa-fc11457e5d43 | Ovulation is seen after how many hours of the 'Peak' of the 'Up stroke' in this diagram here : | 0-6 hours | 10-12 hours | 12-24 hours | 24-36 hours | 1b | single | From the onset of the LH surge, it takes 34-36 hours and from the peak it takes 10-12 hours to ovulate. The midcycle LH surge is responsible for a dramatic increase in local concentrations of prostaglandins and proteolytic enzymes in the follicle. These substances progressively weaken the follicular wall and ultimately... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Normal Menstruation, Abnormal Menstruation, Menopausal Physiology and forsight of conception |
223beaa1-7b92-4e05-9835-4fb6974b35cd | The objective of the access cavity preparation is to gain direct access to | Pulp chamber | Canal orifice | Apical foramen | Middle third of the canal | 2c | single | null | Dental | null |
ecf5cf39-ae00-440d-a7bb-338897216678 | Most radio resistant phase in cell cycle: | G1 | Early S | Late S | G2 | 2c | single | Radiation energy is absorbed by tissue causing ionization or excitation, which are responsible for various biological effects. Susceptibility of various phases of cell cycle of radiation: G2M>M>G1> early S> late S phase Phase of cell cycle Comment G2M>G2 * Most sensitive to radiation End of S phase * Most resistant to ... | Surgery | Oncology |
840dbf43-e03c-4050-bd33-ec56621f0aef | Boerhaave&;s syndrome is due to | Drug induced esophagus perforation | Corrosive injury | Spontaneous perforation | Gastro-esophageal reflux disease | 2c | single | BOERHAAVE&;S syndrome is a tear in the lower third of oesophagus which occurs when a person vomits against a closed glottis, causing leaks into the mediastinum, pleural cavity, and peritoneum.site of perforation is about 2-10 cm of posterolateral pa of the lower oesophagus.investigations include chest Xray, MRI/CT, and... | Surgery | G.I.T |
cb35cea0-5945-484b-b6f4-69c5847ca7aa | What is the effective antodote for acetaminophen overdose in a 28 year old suicidal patient? | N-Acetyl cysteine | N-Glycolamine | Penicillamine | Fomipezole | 0a | single | N-acetylcysteine is used as an effective antidote for acetaminophen overdose. In acetaminophen overdose, N-acetylcysteine, a sulfhydryl-containing acetaminophen-specific antidote, replenishes hepatic stores of glutathione by acting as a glutathione surrogate, combining directly with reactive acetaminophen metabolites a... | Forensic Medicine | null |
f98f13bb-883b-4565-a4b6-5e52a093010a | Green blue postmoem discoloration is seen in which poisoning ? | Cyanide | Carbon monoxide | Hydrogen sulphide | Hydrogen sulphide | 2c | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Hydrogen sulphide | Forensic Medicine | null |
01f4d86f-5e84-4ff0-87f6-98289e0f0f82 | A 23-year-old woman with no other medical history was diagnosed with hypertension 6 months ago. She was initially treated with hydrochlorothiazide, followed by the addition of lisinopril, followed by a calcium channel blocker, but her blood pressure has not been well controlled. She assures the provider that she is tak... | Primary hyperaldosteronism (Conn syndrome) | Cushing syndrome | Congenital adrenal hyperplasia | Renal artery fibromuscular dysplasia | 3d | multi | This patient is abnormally young to have essential hypertension, and the renal bruit is highly suggestive of a secondary cause of the condition: renal artery stenosis caused by fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD). FMD is more common in young females (85%-90% of patients are women). The exact etiology of the condition is unkn... | Medicine | Kidney |
a154076b-f265-4ecd-ae4a-d78999a1862c | In co-arctation of aoa of the post -ductal type, all of the following blood vessels take pa in forming the collaterals execpt: | Axillary aery | Posterior intercostal aery | Suprascapular aery | Veebrall aery | 3d | multi | D i.e. Veebral aery | Anatomy | null |
570370c2-6601-4148-9210-1831933c8009 | Jumping gene is: | Transposon | Cosmid | Episome | Plasmid | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Transposon(Ref: Ananthanarayan, 9th/e, p. 63 and 8th/e, p. 64)Transposons are also known as jumping genes.Transposons are also known as jumping genes. They move between chromosomal DNA and extra chromosomal DNA within cell. They take part in drug resistance mechanism. | Microbiology | General |
f270a031-2cae-44ca-bbe2-dd0f18893ce3 | All are a complication of Typhoid ulcer, EXCEPT - | Perforation | Stricture | Haemorrhage | Sepsis | 1b | multi | null | Pathology | null |
cb1258c4-8cbd-492b-a84b-0019561acf32 | Phenylbutyrate is used in the treatment of urea cycle disorders, because | It activates deficient enzymes | It maintains urine output | It acidifies the urine | It scavenges nitrogen. | 3d | single | Phenylbutyrate and sodium benzoate act as ammonia(nitrogen) scavengers. | Biochemistry | null |
f824bdbb-b30b-4c7c-97e5-ce1179ab9e46 | In breast Ca 6 cm with fixed ipsilateral axillary lymphnode. The TNM staging is : | T3N2 | T2N2 | T4N2 | T1N1 | 0a | single | null | Surgery | null |
60d5558d-3a96-4d11-908c-1bcc942c754a | Removal of senescent RBC from circulation by spleen is called - | Culling | Pitting | Filtering | Phagocytosis | 0a | multi | null | Surgery | null |
b9a8b397-90bf-450b-ac91-c84ba44e58e7 | For reduction of cholesterol, the best management includes: | Cholesterol restricted diet | High fiber diet | Diet with high unsaturated FA and low saturated FA | Cholesterol restricted diet, high fiber and diet with low saturated FA to unsaturated FA ratio | 3d | single | D i.e. Cholesterol restricted diet, high fiber diet with low saturated FA to unsaturated FA ratio. | Biochemistry | null |
04de54ce-da75-4040-97fb-a43662ee09ff | Increased sweat chloride is seen in all except – | Ectodermal dysplasia | Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus | Glucose 6 phosphatase deficiency | Obesity | 3d | multi | Increased sweat chloride is seen in -
Cystic fibrosis
Malnutrition
Pancreatitis ... | Pediatrics | null |
e810a3a8-c076-4f9c-a955-b9749afcea48 | A 17 years old female patient came to emergency one & half hour after severe H2SO4 poisoning with features of hypotension, restlessness, next step is | Ryle's tube intubation | LV fluid sedation, monitoring | Gastric lavage | Antidote should be given | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e Antidote should be given Treatment plan of Sulphuric acid poisoning include:Avoid gastric lavage or emeticsStomach tubes are contraindicated.Alkaline carbonates & bicarbonates, which liberate C02 should not be used as they may cause gastric distention & rupture.Neutralization of the acid by milk of magn... | Forensic Medicine | Forensic Toxicology - Concepts, Statutes, Evidence, and Techniques |
f510edaa-c420-4cfd-8ee8-ccdea6a8684c | Reversible cause of dementia -a) Post encephalitisb) Multi infarctc) Hydrocephalusd) Senile dementia | a | bc | ad | ac | 3d | single | Chronic meningoencephalitis and hydrocephalus are reversible causes of dementia. | Psychiatry | null |
bfdc9543-8d48-4bc2-ae4c-e60989a12720 | Scurvy is due to deficiency of | Vitamin C | Vitamin A | Vitamin K | Vitamin E | 0a | single | Deficiency of ascorbic acid results in scurvy, a disease characterized by sore and spongy gums, loose teeth, fragile blood vessels, swollen joints, and anemia. Many of the deficiency symptoms can be explained by a deficiency in the hydroxylation of collagen, resulting in defective connective tissue.Reference: Lippincot... | Biochemistry | vitamins |
a01e24f6-5d3b-428f-b1a4-b2d86acf25b1 | Congenital rubella syndrome may cause all the following
except: | Patent ductus arteriosus | Spontaneous abortion | Sensory nerve deafness | None of the above | 3d | multi | null | Medicine | null |
4ba94a35-dd4c-4a99-a5b4-187eda13a1dd | True about cystic duct stump stone are A/E | Stone cause of postop pain | Re-cholecystectomy is the definite treatment of choice | ERCP is the investigation of choice to diagnose | Basket extraction is the Mx of choice | 1b | multi | .Relative Contraindications of cholecystectomy includes, * End stage cirrhosis, ascites or poal hypeension. * Cholangitis: Cholecystectomy should be done after the control of cholangitis. * CBD stones: Here, initially ERCP and stone extraction is done from CBD, then laparoscopic cholecystectomy is done.Complications ca... | Surgery | G.I.T |
554bc91b-8ebf-4ce1-a38c-919288522948 | Tone of lower esophageal sphincter is increased by- | NO | VIP | Acetylcholine | Epinephrine | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Acetylcholine Lower esophageal sphinctero Unlike the rest of the esophagus, the musculature of the gastroesophageal junction (lower esophageal sphincter: LES) is tonically active but relaxes on swallowing,o The tonic activity of the LES between meals prevents reflux of gastirc contents into the esopha... | Physiology | Physiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders |
bc57be83-c378-49da-b75e-172ac4b39fed | LCAT is involved in | Transpo of dictory cholesterol | Transpo of dietory TGs | Reverse cholesterol transpo | None | 2c | multi | Cholesterol Pool and Cholesterol MetabolismThe total body cholesterol content varies from 130-150 grams. LDL (low-density lipoprotein) transpos cholesterol from the liver to the peripheral tissues and HDL (high-density lipoprotein) transpos cholesterol from tissues to liver. Cells of extrahepatic tissues take up choles... | Biochemistry | Metabolism of lipid |
a50b09f1-ca5d-49df-a9e2-3de768ffc30e | Which of the following is used for treatment of Alzheimer's disease? | Donepezil | Rivastigmine | Galantamine | All of the above | 3d | multi | Tacrine (tetrahydroaminoacridine, THA), a long-acting cholinesterase inhibitor and muscarinic modulator, was the first drug shown to have any benefit in Alzheimer's disease. Because of its hepatic toxicity, tacrine has been almost completely replaced in clinical use by newer cholinesterase inhibitors: donepezil, rivast... | Psychiatry | null |
2babcd35-7be3-4ff5-b8b9-ae8b41c300da | Exchange of sodium for potassium in the distal convoluted tubule is regulated primarily by: | Angiotensin 1 | Aldosterone | Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) | Androstenedione | 1b | single | The distal convoluted tubule in the kidney coex functions to reabsorb sodium and secrete potassium. This is regulated by the adrenal hormone aldosterone as stimulated by angiotensin II which will increase reabsorption of sodium and secrete potassium. The distal convoluted tubule also functions in the continuation of bi... | Physiology | null |
6dde832a-651e-46d7-9c4b-4ebc4aa38c91 | Which of the following is used for antibiotic sensitivity testing | Thayer main medium | Mueller hinton agar | Chocolate agar | None of the above | 1b | multi | Muller-Hinton agar is a microbiological growth medium that is commonly used for antibiotic susceptibility testing. It is also used to isolate and maintain Neisseria and Moraxella species Ref ananthnarayana and panikers microbiology textbook 8/e | Microbiology | general microbiology |
798c45ab-90f9-415e-ae9f-78b939f731a0 | Chymotrypsinogen is a: | Transaminase | Carboxypeptidase | Clot lysing protein | Zymogen | 3d | single | Ans. d. Zymogen: (Ref: Lippincott 4/e p64, 443, 248-49; Harper 29/e p89, 519, 651-53)Chymotrypsinogen or prochymotrypsin is a proprotein, proenzyme or zymogen."Chymotrypsinogen or prochymotrypsin is a proprotein, proenzyme or zymogen. Trypsin can then activate chymotrypsinogen to chymotrypsin, proelastase to elastase. ... | Biochemistry | Miscellaneous (Enzymes) |
171b2ebf-8c3e-4c5a-b7b9-f9e5ef540e69 | Tumorlysis syndrome is associated with all of the following laboratory features except - | Hyperkalemia | Hypercalcemia | Hyperuricemia | Hyperphosphatemia | 1b | multi | null | Medicine | null |
c334f24c-dcc8-4702-9ee5-e0f68d7efdfb | Which of the following is a stimulus for closure of ductus arteriosus? | Increased O2 tension | Hypoxia | Prematurity | Hypercapnia | 0a | single | a. Increased O2 tension(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 2162)In the course of several days after birth, the high arterial Po2 constricts and eventually closes the ductus arteriosus, which eventually becomes the ligamentum arteriosum | Pediatrics | C.V.S. |
80fae05d-a4f1-49cb-8c83-58caa7c5ce12 | Laplace's law for cylinder? | P = T/R PT ( 1/rl - l/r2) | P = 2T/R | P = T/R | None of the above | 2c | multi | Ans. c (P = T/R) (Ref. Ganong Physiology 22nd/584)LAPLACE'S LAW states that wall tension (T) is proportional to the product of intraventricular pressure (P) and ventricular radius (r).-----------------------------T. p.r# P = 2T/R.... IN A SPHERE (BECAUSE R1=R2).# P = T/r.... In a Cylinder like blood vessel (one radius ... | Physiology | Heart, Circulation, and Blood |
22535dc3-c846-42f8-87bf-62fd133a2b06 | Myoclonus in children is best treated by: | Clonazepam | Sodium Valproate | Phenobarbitone | Ethosuccimide | 1b | single | Myoclonic and atonic seizures-control is often incomplete, but valproate is the drug of choice. Myoclonic Seizures. Myoclonic seizures are characterized by brief, jerking spasms of a muscle or muscle group. They often occur with atonic seizures, which cause sudden muscle limpness. The word "myoclonic" combines the Gree... | Pharmacology | Central Nervous system |
f53b3d5e-9d2a-4697-be1e-bfedf89275b3 | Transplantation of which one of the following organs is most often associated with hyper acute rejection? | Heart | Kidney | Lungs | Liver | 1b | single | Ans. (b) KidneyRef: Bailey 26th edition, Page 1409* Hyperacute rejection is most common in Kidney* Hyperacute rejection is very rare in liver | Surgery | Transplantation |
4b104999-eebb-4d32-8cb9-b7a3dccfeac7 | Which of the following is not a feature of sickle cell disease? | Autosplenectomy | Heterozygous individuals are at increased risk of Plasmodium falciparum infection | Ischemic tissue damage | Hydroxyurea is used as a therapeutic agent | 1b | single | Sickle cell disease Caused by missense mutation in the b-globin gene that leads to the replacement of a charged glutamate residue with a hydrophobic valine residue. Mutation promotes the polymerization of deoxygenated hemoglobin, leading to red cell distoion (sickling), hemolytic anemia, microvascular obstruction, and ... | Pathology | Megaloblastic Anemia |
d606a2c8-8704-4b2e-b538-b9072d562a8a | Maximum risk of death is seen in which week of the neonatal period? | First week | Second week | Third week | Fouh week | 0a | single | The major causes of neonatal moality are prematurity/low bihweight (LBW) and congenital anomalies.Moality is highest during the 1st 24 hr after bih.Neonatal moality accounts for about two-thirds of all infant deaths (deaths before 1 yr of age).(Refer: Nelson, Chapter 93; pg no. 789) | Pediatrics | All India exam |
562f0008-129a-488b-bca2-f81e21354d19 | Rose spot is associated with? | Typhoid fever | Malaria | Scarlet fever | Wilson disease | 0a | single | Enteric fever: In 25% of cases, a macular or maculopapular rash (rose spots) may be visible around the 7th-10th day of the illness These lesions may be difficult to see in dark-skinned children. | Pediatrics | Impoant Bacterial Diseases in Children |
3b795307-511f-4e87-a604-eb8d7f974d77 | Koener's tumor are seen in? | Tuberous sclerosis | Neurofibromatosis | VHL | NF | 0a | single | Ans. (a) Tuberous sclerosis(Ref: Robbins 9th/pg 516)Ungual fibromas or Koenen's tumors are angiofibromas which occur in the lateral nail groove, along the proximal nail fold or under the nail. They are seen in Tuberous Sclerosis | Pathology | Central Nervous System |
fd5a8e0f-909c-41fa-bcdb-4e5b340da0b4 | When to do surgery in pancreatic ascites? | Symptomatic | Recurrent ascites following abdominal drainage | Not responding to medical therapy | Leak from the stented duct | 1b | single | PANCREATIC ASCITES: MANAGEMENT Pancreatic ascites occurs from a pancreatic duct disruption or from a leaking pseudocyst. High amylase levels are found in the ascitic fluid. Initial treatment: Non operative (elimination of enteral feeding, institution of nasogastric drainage, and administration of somatostatin) Repeat p... | Surgery | Pancreas |
4dc22fe6-55b1-4e6d-9609-5a758a150adf | Hypertension with hypokalemia is found in | Bartter syndrome | Gitelman's syndrome | Liddle's syndrome | All the above | 2c | multi | Hypertension in Bartter's & Gitelman's. | Medicine | null |
c164e337-cf93-42c6-9ed0-dee0dde98067 | Spiral field defect is a feature of | Hysterical amblyopia | Amblyopia exanopsia | Toxic amblyopia | Malingering | 0a | single | HYSTERICAL BLINDNESS It is a form of psychoneurosis, commonly seen in attention-seeking personalities, especially females. It is characterised by sudden bilateral loss of vision.There may be associated blepharospasm and lacrimation. Visual fields are concentrically contracted. One can commonly find spiral fields as the... | Ophthalmology | Neuro-ophthalmology |
11f34dee-77fb-42a0-87f5-88e27f39c1ce | Most common organism causing meningitis in a 1 year old child - | Streptococcus pneumoniae | H. influenza | Listeria | Neisseria meningitidis | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Streptococcus pneumoniae | Pediatrics | null |
4458e85f-94c5-4130-807e-8c767c2745b7 | All of the statements are true about FLUORO QUINOLONES, except - | Suspected of having teratogenic potential | Ahropathy of limb-in children may occur | Increase theophylline toxicity | Increase neuromuscular blocking action | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Increased Neuromuscular blocking action Fluoroquinolones are contraindicated in children < 18 years of age, because of evidence in animals of cailage damage in developing joints. o They are contraindicated in pregnancy because of concerm for the developing fetus (teratogenicity) o Fluoroquinolones are... | Pharmacology | null |
b8ac8b18-5a2c-4bc8-a552-f8a054f1a5c1 | All are true about pouchitis except: | Probiotics have shown promising response | Cause may be related to mucosal ischemia | Most commonly seen in ulcerative colitis surgeries | Episodes of pouchitis will not respond to antibiotics | 3d | multi | Ans. (d) Episodes of pouchitis will not respond to antibioticsTreatment protocol for pouchitis:* 1st line: Ciplox + Metronidazole* 2nd line: Probiotics added* 3rd line: Add ASA compounds* 4th line: Pouchectomy and permanent ileostomy | Surgery | Small & Large Intestine |
1abbff0c-6488-4348-b194-a7132833d1e0 | Most common anorectal fistula: | Inter sphincteric | Trans sphincteric | Supra sphincteric | Extra sphincteric | 0a | single | PARK'S CLASSIFICATION Type 1 Inter- sphincteric (MC) Type 2 Trans- sphincteric Type3 Supra- sphincteric Type4 Extra- sphincteric Investigations - First investigation - Fistulogram - IOC- MRI Treatment High morbidity * Fistulotomy -Incision over fistula tract it * Fistulectomy- Excision of fistula tract. * SETON * VAAFT... | Surgery | Rectum and anal canal |
6080775c-039b-4c34-bb52-fac8a9770639 | All are Phenolic disinfectant except- | Dettol | Cresol | Lysol | Carbolic acid | 0a | multi | Phenol (carbolic acid) is a powerful microbicidal substance. This and other phenolic disinfectant derived from coal tar are widely used as a disinfectant for various purposes in hospitals. Lysol and Cresol are active against a wide range of organisms. They are not readily inactivated by the presence of organic matter a... | Microbiology | general microbiology |
780d845b-276c-4af7-b7d9-568b767f93d6 | "Indican" is a metabolite of | Histidine | Tryptophan | Tyrosine | Valine | 1b | single | Indian is a major excretory product in the metabolism of tryptophanRef: DM Vasudevan - Textbook of Biochemistry, 7th edition, page no: 242, fig 18.11 | Biochemistry | Metabolism of protein and amino acid |
fc0b4c3e-0b4c-460f-bc31-1eb2420a62b4 | Hanging is established by : | Fracture of hyoid cailage | Fracture of thyroid cailage | Staining of saliva | All | 2c | multi | C i.e. Staining of saliva | Forensic Medicine | null |
7cc235e9-2e4c-48d2-9774-b53d794eb598 | Ivermectin is used in all except- | Ascariasis | Malaria | Filariasis | Onchocerciasis | 1b | multi | Ivermectin is a recently developed macrocyclic lactone that has widespread antiparasitic activity. A series of clinical trials has shown that ivermectin is safe and effective in the treatment of human infection with Onchocerca volvulus. Its use promises to revolutionise the treatment of onchocerciasis. Ivermectin for t... | Medicine | Infection |
bbbd60ab-bfdb-4d46-950c-535352cac34c | For the past week, a 65-year-old woman has been treated for a severe infection with broad-spectrum antibiotics, and she had recovered well. Over the past day, however, she has developed foul-smelling, voluminous, greenish, watery diarrhea, as well as abdominal pain and fever. She is diagnosed with pseudomembranous coli... | Aggregation of bacterial colonies on the lumen, forming pseudomembranes | Bacterial release of exotoxin, inducing necrosis of the mucosa | Physical invasion of bacteria into the superficial mucosa, leading to pseudomembrane formation | Selective killing of C. difficile bacteria by antibiotics | 1b | single | - Pseudomembranous colitiis Overgrowth of C. difficile following antibiotic therapy d/t destruction of normal intestinal flora. Aka Antibiotic-associated colitis / Antibiotic-associated diarrhea Produces exotoxin that induces necrosis of superficial mucosa, -Pseudomembrane formation. Bacteria itself does not invade the... | Pathology | Small Intestine Malabsorption disorders |
cdc72949-ccff-4be1-80d0-58e0c3cb7740 | Pars planitis is also known as | Intermediate uveitis | Anterior uveitis | Posterir uveitis | Pan uveitis | 0a | single | Ans. a (Intermediate uveitis) (Ref. Parson's 19th/pg. 360 & Basak's Ophthalmology, 2nd /p. 151; Q. 157 of MH-2007)INTERMEDIATE UVEITIS (PARS PLANITIS)# Thought to be immunological reaction# 2nd to 4th decade# Usually trilateral (80%)# Floaters & blurring of vision# Snow-ball vitreous opacities# Snow-bank exudates over ... | Ophthalmology | Uveal Tract |
5d66d353-ced9-45fd-87ac-fd6245cace9c | Decreased glucose concentration in hepatic cells triggers all of the following except – | Increased glucagon levels in blood | Activation of fructose-2,6-biphosphatase | Inhibition of phosphofructokinase-2 | Increased fructose-2,6-biphosphate levels | 3d | multi | Decreased glucose level leads to increased levels of glucagon .
Glucagon inhibits activity of PFK-2, and stimulates the activity of Fructose 2,6 biphosphatase .
Activation of fructose-2,6-biphosphatase leads to decreased level of fructose-2,6-biphosphate levels .
Ref: Harper’s illustrated Biochemistry 27th ed. | Unknown | null |
6c41b9df-d78e-4d22-9f41-944f11f0f5b7 | Which of the following is not a prominent risk factor for stroke? | High blood pressure | Elevated cholesterol | Smoking | Alcohol | 3d | single | Alcohol is not a prominent risk factor for stroke or hea disease but is for cancer and motor vehicle accidents. Ref: Park's textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 21stedition, page-37 | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
6678f45f-185c-4fb4-9141-f7bdd149955c | Inflammation in the airways can be reduced by: | Fluticasone | Budesonide | Theophylline | Salbutamol | 0a | single | fluticasone an example of inhaled steroid coicosteroids suppress bronchial inflammation by stimulating lipocoin production and inhibiting phospholipase A2 after binding to intracellular receptors ESSENTIALS OF MEDICAL PHARMACOLOGY SEVENTH EDITION KD TRIPATHI PG NO.230 | Pharmacology | Respiratory system |
ebf01456-efac-4fcc-8f2f-6712b5acaaf1 | In Gonorrhoea -- which is not a presenting feature? | Discharge | dysuria | Hematuria | Reddened lips of vulva and vagina | 2c | single | Symptoms dysuria vaginal discharge excessive irritant acute unilateral pain and swelling over labia rectal discomfo labia look swollen and inflamed D.C.DUTTA'S TEXTBOOK OF GYNECOLOGY,Pg no:147,6th edition | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Infections of the genital tract |
f0bb2de5-f418-4092-ab01-1279b7ef089d | Enchondral ossification is/are seen in: | Long bones | Flat bones of skull | Clavicle | Mandible | 0a | single | A i.e. Long bones Endochondral ossification is seen in long bones, veebrae, pelvis, and bones of base of skullQ; whereas intramembranous ossification occurs in skull vault, flat bones of skull, maxilla, majority of mandible and clavicleQ | Anatomy | null |
88af1f5a-6ef6-4e36-ba39-ab931ec66a37 | Which of the following is not associated with active chronic hepatitis B? | HBsAg | IgM anti-HBcAg | HBeAg | Anti-HBsAg | 1b | single | Diagnostic tests for ch. hepatitis B is FIBsAg, lgG anti-HBc, HBcAg, HBv DNA. IgM anti-HBc is present in acute hepatitis B infections which disappears gradually will the appearance of IgG antiHBc. Ref - Harrison's internal medicine 20e pg 2349 t | Medicine | Infection |
ce6c0cd1-7977-4493-bad7-efa6436ba805 | The number of bacteria on skin are - | 10l- 102 | 102- 105 | 105-1010 | 1010 | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., >1010 It has been calculated that a human adult has about 1012 bacteria on the skin, 1010 in the mouth and 1014 in thegastrointestinal tract. ---------Textbook of bacteriology | Microbiology | Misc. |
57dc6d4b-3b1e-48db-98fd-e2707b45b11e | For a dental hand instrument with a formula of 10-8.5-8-14, the number 10 refers to ________. | The width of the blade in tenths of a millimeter | The primary cutting edge angle in centigrades | The blade length in millimeters | The blade angle in centigrades | 0a | single | The first number is the width of the blade or primary cutting edge in tenths of a millimeter (0.1 mm).
The second number of a four-number code indicates the primary cutting edge angle, measured from a line parallel to the long axis of the instrument handle in clockwise centigrades. The angle is expressed as a percen... | Dental | null |
f5460c5c-cc56-4bf0-8b6e-0fdc3792ed03 | According to MTP Act, 2 doctor's opinion is required when pregnancy is : | 10 weeks | 6 weeks | > 12 weeks | > 20 weeks | 2c | single | Ans. is c i.e. > 12 weeks Medical termination of Pregnancy act passed in 1971deg is an impoant topic. Many questions are asked on this topic. I am giving MTP Act in detail - Do go through it. THE MEDICAL TERMINATION OF PREGNANCY ACT, 1971 In India. the MTP act was passed in August 1971 and came into effect from April 1... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
f893efb2-7204-472c-9a0a-d63c763fd3ab | According to Body weight method what is the amount of IV fluid required in first 24 hours for a child weighing 14 kg? | 1000 | 1200 | 1400 | Any of the above | 1b | multi | Ans. b (1200) (Ref. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, 17th ed. Table 46-1)BODY WEIGHT METHOD FOR CALCULATING MAINTENANCE FLUID VOLUMEBody WeightFluid per Day0-10 kg100 mL/kg11-20 kg1,000 mL + 50 mL/kg for each kg > 10 kg> 20 kg1,500 mL + 20 mL/kg for each kg > 10 kg** The maximum total fluid per day is normally 2,400 mL.M... | Pediatrics | Fluid & Electrolyte |
ed09eab8-e309-4229-9b9d-ebcb59650b8a | A 55yr old women diagnosed to be Ca cervix stage 2B advised for chemo radiation Which of the following is true statement | small bowel is most radio resistant | small blood vessels are most radio resistant | rapidly proliferating cells are most radio resistant | dose intensity of radiation is inversely propoional to the square of distance of the source | 3d | multi | REF : SHAW GYNECOLOGY | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | All India exam |
9fbc781a-d19f-46bc-94ac-edc045013047 | Fatal dose of methanol is? | 15 ml | 150 ml | 500 ml | 650 ml | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., 150 ml * Methanol is highly toxic alcohol. It is metabolized to formaldehyde (by alcohol dehydrogenase) and formic acid (by acetaldehyde dehydrogenase). It can be present in contaminated country liquor used to denature ethanol.* It is the accumulation of formic acid which causes toxic effects in metha... | Forensic Medicine | Toxicology |
25736212-c5b4-4920-8e33-c1b80716a9f9 | Non-sterile hypopyon is seen in - | Pneumococcus infection | Pseudomonas infection | Fungal infection | Gonococcal infection | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Fungal infection o Hypopyon refers to accumulation ofpolymorphonuclear leucocytes in the lower angle of anterior chamber. Many pyogenic organisms (Staphylococcus, streptococci, gonococci, Moraxella) and fungi may produce hypopyon but by far the most dangerous are pseudomonas pyogenea and pneumococcus.... | Ophthalmology | Inflammations of the Cornea |
a93cf1bd-dcf3-4782-babf-52b0e4651318 | The most likely precursor to bronchiectasis is | Tuberculosis | Carcinoma | Bronchial adenoma | Bronchopneumonia | 3d | single | BronchiectasisAbnormal and permanent dilatation of bronchi.The bronchial dilatation of bronchiectasis of is associated with destructive and inflammatory changes in the walls of medium-sized airways, often at the level of segmental or subsegmental bronchi.Types of bronchiectasisCylindrical bronchiectasis Varicose bronch... | Anatomy | All India exam |
6933d755-96fb-4771-8be8-ee4d3d9b1b9f | What is the BMI for obese person: March 2010 | Less than 18.5 | Less than 18.5 | 25-29.9 | More than 30 | 3d | single | Ans. D: More than 30 | Physiology | null |
fb0bf5fc-d85f-4cbc-a48e-ac2c728f5866 | Classical triad of symptoms of depression includes all except ? | Depressed mood | Slowed thinking | Distractibility | Psychomotor retardation | 2c | multi | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Distractibility Clinical features of depression The classical triad of depression is depressed mood, psychomotor retardation, and slowed-down thinking. Mood : Mood is characteriztically low and sad. There is loss of interest and pleasure in almost all activities, which result in social withdrawal, avo... | Psychiatry | null |
357fdb27-87e9-4ca8-81ab-fe2355e723d5 | Munchausen's syndrome by proxy involves: | Drug abuse | Toxin mediated neuropsychiatric disorder | Illness caused by caregiver | All of the above | 2c | multi | Munchausen syndrome by proxy This rare disorder is where a parent or caregiver repeatedly fabricates an illness or disability in a child they are looking after, for the benefit of themselves. The adult involved is most frequently the child's mother, but not always. There are several impoant aspects to this condition Th... | Psychiatry | Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders |
2949130e-edee-4fcb-98ef-315340ac86ba | Most common cause of neuropathic joint: | Diabetes | Amyloidosis | Syphilis | Leprosy | 0a | single | Ans: a (Diabetes) Ref: Harrison, 16th ed, p. 2060; 17th ed, p. 2180Most common cause of neuropathic joint is diabetesNeuropathic joint (Charcot joint)It is a progressive destructive arthritis associated with loss of pain sensation, proprioception or both.Clinical featuresIt begins as a single joint and then progresses ... | Medicine | Immunology and Rheumatology |
5c1b49eb-b61c-4464-b56a-982be32cb87b | A 11 month old child presents with complaints of respiratory distress. On examination there is bilateral crepitation and wheezing. Which of the following is the most likely cause - | Pneumonia | Adenovirus | Respiratory synchytial virus | Rhinovirus | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Respiratory synchytial virus o The child presenting with respiratory distress and bilateral crepitations and wheezing, we have to suspect brochiolitis. | Pediatrics | null |
60f3b070-f393-4a43-9dbd-d78a4a97839e | After thyroidectomy for medullary carcinoma of thyroid, which is impoant for determining recurrence of a tumour? | Thyroglobulin | TSH | Calcitonin | Thyroxine | 2c | single | High levels of serum calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen are produced by many medullary tumours, which should be tested for in suspected cases.Calcitonin levels fall after resection and rise again with recurrence, making it a valuable tumour marker in the follow-up of patients with this disease.Ref: Bailey and Love... | Surgery | Endocrinology and breast |
7c1173f5-c1a5-4ef3-b468-c92881092253 | A 2 years old child is brought to the emergency with history of fever and vomiting. On examination he has neck rigidity. The CSF examination shows polymorphs more that 2000/ml protein 100 mg/dl and glucose 10mg/dl. The Gram stain shows the presence of Gram negative coccobacilli. The culture shows growth of bacteria onl... | Neisseria meningitidis | Haemophilus influenzae | Branhamella catarrhalis | Legionella pneumophila | 1b | single | null | Microbiology | null |
3e10afe5-f8e9-470e-a549-b93f182624b9 | A lady presented to your with a history of recurent early pregnancy loss. What are the investigation to be ordered: | VDRL | Toxoplasma serology | Hemogram/Blood grouping | Rubella screening | 2c | single | Ans. is C i.e. Hemogram /blood grouping? As discussed in previous answer? Complete blood counts along with platelet count are done in case of recurrent pregnancy loss. VDRL-To test for syphilis Rubella-virus screening are not done because as discussed earlier, infections rarely lead to recurrent Toxoplasma serology pre... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
61675305-3efd-4d04-8337-9b647574cfa6 | "Gate" cells in the hea are: | Cells in SA node | Cells in AV node | Cells in his bundle | Cells in Purkinje fibers | 3d | single | Purkinje fibers at the apex, where impulse is passed on from Purkinje fibers to ventricular muscle, are the so-called "gate cells". | Physiology | Conducting System of Hea |
77bcc3c0-fb26-434d-ad8b-9819bc518c46 | At what age (in years) does-a child attain a height of 100 cms? | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 2c | single | Ans. (c) 4 yearsRef: OP Ghai 8th ed./13* Length of Indian baby at birth=50cm* Length at 1 year=75cm* Length at 4 1/2 years= 100cm* Subsequently 5-6 cm/year* Pubertal growth spurt=6-8cm/year | Pediatrics | Assessment of Growth |
e5f25259-40a0-46b3-a25b-c216809a3262 | Clinical features of pseudocyesis are all of the following except : | Quickening | Enlargement of uterus | Amenorrhea | False labor | 1b | multi | Enlargement of uterus | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
85ed2c91-8dbe-4f24-a54c-58760c25f7cf | Stapedius muscle is supplied by.....nerve: | Facial | Vagus | Glossopharyngeal | Trochlear | 0a | single | A i.e. Facial nerve | Anatomy | null |
7056c115-c69a-4509-9463-cb821c2a47a8 | Most common complication of mid shaft humerus fracture is - | Radial nerve palsy | Median nerve palsy | Nonunion | Malunion | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Radial nerve palsy Complications of humerus shaft fractureNerve injury : - Radial nerve is the most commonly injured nerve in fracture shaft humerus. It is particularly common in oblique fractures at the junction of middle and distal third of the bone (Holstein- Lews fracture).Vascular injury : - Brac... | Orthopaedics | Humerus Fractures |
5b4dc106-e2e8-40b2-aaff-5efe31f4fed3 | The tumor suppressor gene P53 induces cell arrest at- | G2 - M phase | S G2 phase | G1 - S phase | Go - phase | 2c | single | Harshmohan textbook of pathology 7th edition. In blocking mitotic activity p53 inhibits the cyclins and CDKs and prevent the cell to enter G1 phase transientally. This breaking time in the cell cycle is utilised by the cell to repair the DNA damage.. | Pathology | General pathology |
0799ebd4-a3f4-49fd-9c2c-93880fffcc2f | Which of the following can delivery 100% oxygen | Venturi mask | Anesthetic face mask | Hudson mask | Non - rebreather face mask | 1b | single | Devices used foroxygen therapy Performance of these devices can be described according to 1. Themaximum oxygen concentrationachievable to be delivered to the patient, and the reliability/ variability with which the devices do that. Looking at the reliability and variability of oxygen delivery to the patient we can divi... | Anaesthesia | Airway |
af90713f-ef43-4591-ba9c-85b1955087de | The following are characteristic of autism, EXCEPT: | Onset after 6 years of age | Repetitive behavior | Delayed language development | Severe deficit in social interaction | 0a | multi | The onset of autistic disorder always occurs before age 3, at two peak periods. Autistic disorders are characterized by the triad of impaired social interaction, communication and imagination. These are associated with rigid repetitive pattern of behaviour. Ref: Essential Pediatrics By O P Ghai, 6th Edition, Page 65; A... | Psychiatry | null |
2496161d-375c-4c65-8779-d9a40cb1e0bb | Epley's test is used for which of the following conditions? | Benign paroxysmal positional veigo | Basilar migraine | Ohostatic hypotension | Thoracic outlet syndrome | 0a | single | Benign paroxysmal positional veigo (BPPV) is characterised by veigo when the head is placed in a ceain critical position. There is no hearing loss or other neurologic symptoms. Disease is caused by a disorder of posterior semicircular canal. The condition can be treated by performing Epley's manoeuvre. The principle of... | ENT | null |
17e2381b-2573-4852-a8b9-b3ed20f349ce | Epidemic relapsing fever is transmitted by? | Louse | Soft tick | Hard tick | Rat flea | 0a | single | ANSWER: (A) LouseREF: Park textbook of preventive and social medicine 20th edition page 684 "Epidemic relapsing fever is transmitted by Louse"Always remember:Epidemic typhus Endemic typhus Epidemic relapsing fever Endemic relapsing feverLouse Rat flea Louse Soft tickDiseases transmitted by louse can be remembered as "P... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Environment and Health |
e6a81818-8983-44cd-bdcb-0a8c42c67086 | Isolation period of Hepatitis A after the onset of jaundice is: | 1 week | 2 week | 3 week | 4 week | 0a | single | Isolation: The period of isolation is determined by the duration of communicability of the disease and the effect of chemotherapy on infectivity. Period of infectivity: the risk of transmitting Hepatitis A virus is greatest from 2 weeks before to 1 week after the onset of jaundice. Thus isolation of the patient 2 weeks... | Microbiology | null |
8bc9723e-6d0e-4db8-88ac-b7a70b89d885 | MC presentation of Hodgkin's disease: March 2013 | Weight loss | Palpable lymphadenopathy | Fever | Night sweats | 1b | single | Ans. B i.e. Palpable lymphadenopathy Hodgkins lymphoma Malignant cells of Hodgkin's disease are: Reed Sternberg cells/ RS RS cells are positive for: -- CD15 and -- CD30 Subtype of Hodgkin's disease, which is NOT positive for CD15 and CD30: Lymphocytic predominant Lacunar cells are seen in: Nodular sclerosis type of lym... | Medicine | null |
1ee59766-772f-4e95-8f33-e7209abe451a | A 42-year-old female is admitted to the hospital with dyspnea. Imaging reveals severe mitral valve regurgitation. Which of the following structures prevents regurgitation of the mitral valve cusps into the left atrium during systole? | Crista terminalis | Crista supraventricularis | Pectinate muscles | Chordae tendineae | 3d | single | The chordae tendineae are fibrous cords that connect papillary muscles to valve leaflets. The restraint provided by these cords on the valve leaflets prevents the prolapse of the mitral valve cusps into the left atrium. The crista terminalis is a ridge that runs from the opening of the inferior vena cava to the superio... | Anatomy | Thorax |
479500f5-f2a3-480d-810c-cde48dce8139 | True about Erythema Marginatum in Acute Rheumatic fever is: | Pruiritic | Commonly involves face | Common manifestation of Acute Rheumatic fever | Usually associated with carditis | 3d | multi | Answer is D (usually associated with carditis) Erythema marginatum and sub cutaneous nodules are usually associated with carditis manifestation Erythema marginatum is a rare (< 3%) manifestation of Acute Rheumatic fever. Rash is charachteristically non pruiritic and almost never involves the face. | Medicine | null |
168c379a-1ae2-4c75-befb-f6f5ba6f2661 | Pathognomic finding of rabies is: March 2012 | Obliterative endaeritis | Microglial nodules | Neuronophagia | Negri bodies | 3d | single | Ans: D i.e. Negri bodiesPathologic changes and associated conditionsIn tuberculosis, aeries running through the subarachnoid space may show obliterative endaeritis with inflammatory infiltrates in their walls and marked intimal thickeningHIV encephalitis is best characterized microscopically as a chronic inflammatory r... | Pathology | null |
49c25122-3125-4bd9-b82f-f76f52f788a9 | A 64-year-old man presents with symptoms of difficulty swallowing and weight loss of 10 lb. He has no prior history of heartburn, stomach ulcers, or difficulty swallowing. He smokes one pack a day for the past 45 years and drinks approximately 5 oz of alcohol a day. He is thin appearing, there are no oral lesions, and ... | adenocarcinoma of esophagus | esophageal web | achalasia | squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus | 3d | multi | The history of weight loss and dysphagia suggests carcinoma of the esophagus, and squamous cell carcinoma is a disease that occurs in older men who drink and smoke heavily. Smoking and or excessive drinking are considered etiologic factors in the development of squamous cell carcinoma. Adenocarcinomas arise within dysp... | Medicine | Oncology |
92519ea0-6846-458c-a81e-70d2396646f4 | Monoamniotic monochorionic twins develop if division occurs after: | 24 hrs | 1-3 days | 8 days | 14 days | 2c | single | Ans: c (8 days) Ref: Dutta, 6th ed, p. 203If the division occurs after 8th day of fertilization, when the amniotic cavity has already formed, a monoamniotic--monochorionic twins developsTwins:There are two different types of twins -- dizygotic and monozygotic(i) Biovular - (Dizygotic/ Fraternal twins) - Diamniotic dich... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Miscellaneous (Gynae) |
df96db51-b0bd-457f-ab91-81b876360bd9 | A baby can follows an object with 180°, can hold neck, can sit with support but can not sit without support.The age of the baby is – a) 1 monthb) 3 monthsc) 5 monthsd) 6 monthse) 9 months | cd | bc | bd | ac | 0a | single | A child follows object upto 180° by 3 months, ---- Meharban Singh 3'.d/e 67.
Neck holding develops by 3 months.
A child can sit with support by 5 months and can sit without support by 8 months.
So, the age of this child is between 5-8 months, which may be 5 months (option c) or 6 months (option d) or 7 months. | Pediatrics | null |
ecbd496a-6f73-48de-9c6e-ebcb72d84118 | Tumor marker for papillary carcinoma of thyroid is ? | Calcitonin | Thyroglobulin | Chromogranin A | Tyrosinase | 1b | single | Thyroglobulin is a glycoprotein specific to the follicular cell, facilitates the conversion of MIT and DIT into T3 and T4. Measurement of peripheral thyroglobulin has predictive value for the recurrence of DTC (differentiated thyroid cancers) locally or in metastatic deposits after initial total thyroidectomy Source : ... | Surgery | Endocrinology and breast |
4ff7047e-d3d4-44a2-8bdc-a2b687e178e4 | Auditory pathway passes through: | Medial geniculate body | Lateral geniculate body | Reciculate formation | Cerebellar fornix | 0a | single | Ans. A Medial geniculate body I. Auditory pathway: SC-SLIM-41,42 II. S- Spiral ganglia (cochlea) III. C- Cochlear nuclei (ponto-medullary junction) IV. S-Superior olivary nucleus (pons) V. L-Lateral lemniscus (brain stem) VI. I-Inferior colliculus (mid-brain) VII. M-Medial geniculate body (meta-thalamus) VIII. 41,42 - ... | Anatomy | null |
079fd196-d2c4-4c93-8e85-dd52826ff05a | Diaphragmatic hernia can occur through all the following, Except : | Esophageal opening | Costoveebral triangle | Costal & sternal attachment of diaphragm | Inferior vena cava opening | 3d | multi | D i.e. Inferior Vena Cava Opening Venacaval openings are not the site of diaphragmatic herniationQ | Anatomy | null |
6d4472c7-7c86-4f2e-9723-e83bac0aa092 | A person is declared dead if not seen by relatives for how many years - | 3 years | 7 years | 10 years | 12 years | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., 7 yearso A person is legally declared dead if not seen for 7 years from the date of declared missing. | Forensic Medicine | Misc. |
8c666534-4470-4f09-bc53-de4b9f86a13b | Used urine bags are disposed in which color bag ? | Red | Yellow | White | Black | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Red Contaminated recylable wastes are disposed in which red color bag. These are tubing, bottles, IV tubes, IV sets, catheters, urine bags, syringes (without needles) and vaccutainers (with their needles cut) and gloves. | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
8cc61298-67fb-45a7-b6dd-c71b67eb6d92 | All are used in bronchial asthma, except: | Salbutamol | Morphine | Aminophylline | Steroid | 1b | multi | Morphine is a drug of emergency, but due care has to be taken in its use.
Infants and the elderly are more susceptible to the respiratory depressant action of morphine.
It is dangerous in patients with respiratory insufficiency (emphysema, pulmonary fibrosis, cor pulmonale); sudden deaths have occurred. Morphine acc... | Medicine | null |
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