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bf73ac1b-8a7c-464f-a7e3-852a3b770ee6 | A 6-year-old girl has become increasingly lethargic over the past 2 weeks. On examination, she has puffiness around the eyes. Her temperature is 36.9degC, and her blood pressure is 100/60 mm Hg. Laboratory findings show serum creatinine, 0.7 mg/ dL; urea nitrogen, 12 mg/dL; and cholesterol, 217 mg/dL. Urinalysis shows ... | Areas of thickened and thinned basement membrane | Effacement of podocyte foot processes | Increased mesangial matrix | Reduplication of glomerular basement membrane | 1b | single | A child with nephrotic syndrome and no other clinical findings is most likely to have minimal change disease, a name that reflects the paucity of pathologic findings. There is a fusion of podocyte foot processes, which can be seen only by electron microscopy. This fusion leads to selective proteinuria of low molecular ... | Pathology | Kidney |
221e635e-e64d-4462-9aa3-d94eac9cb50b | Which of the following are apoptosis assays? | Annexin V assay | TUNEL technique | Transglutaminase activity | All of the above | 3d | multi | All the 3 are assays for apoptosis. Other assays include ISNT, FRET etc.
ISNT - In Situ Nick Translation
FRET - Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer | Pathology | null |
c1154932-7c26-4fdf-b6ad-669fa464e181 | Which of the following is a defective virus - | HAV | HBV | HCV | HDV | 3d | single | null | Microbiology | null |
69a8b1d5-fd03-4a5a-b655-525dba975c45 | Triple deformity of knee includes following except- | Flexion of knee | External rotation of tibia | Posterior subluxation of tibia | Extension of knee | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Extension of knee o Triple deformity1 of knee refers to : -Flexion of kneeExternal rotation of tibiaPosterior subluxation of tibiao Triple deformity is seen in RA, TB of knee and Polio. | Orthopaedics | Congenital Dislocation of Hip (C.D.H.) |
62418d2f-3556-4385-840d-47a1df29ffa3 | The use of long cone is adjunct in parallel technique: | To minimize the superimposition of anatomical structures | To prevent the shortening of image | To prevent the distortion of image | To prevent the elongation of image | 2c | multi | null | Radiology | null |
2327350f-71e1-461d-af3e-5ac4593685fd | Which of the following is incubated at temperature 40-44 degrees ? | Vibrio cholerae | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Vibrio parahemolyticus | E coli | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Pseudomonas aeruginosa "The optimum temperature for growth of pseudomonas aeruginosa is 37 degree and is able to grow at temperature as high as 42deg C" - Essentials of Microbiology Pseudomonas aeruginosa Morphology Gram negative bacilli Motile by polar flagellum Non capsulated but many strains have m... | Microbiology | null |
9aa1a608-9431-4ba5-b495-a3a4436f1b82 | 55 year old female a known case of thryotoxicosis in control posted for abdomino perineal resection during surgery there was sudden drop in B.P., and end tidal CO2 decreased from 40 to 10 mmHg. On auscultation there was a mill wheel murmur, what is the diagnosis – | Thyroid storm | Bleeding | Hypoxia | Air embolism | 3d | single | Presence of Mill wheel murmur and decrease in End tidal CO2 during surgery suggests Air embolism:-
"If air enters the vein in sufficient amount, it will go to the right heart and lung causing an air-lock obstruction in the pulmonary artery. This may result in a loud continuous precordial murmur, the so called "Mill whe... | Anaesthesia | null |
81a158ee-2497-4666-8127-d5e2d7260848 | Association can be measured by all of the following, EXCEPT: | Correlation coefficient | Cronbach's alpha | P value | Odds ratio | 1b | multi | Cronbach's alpha is the most commonly used measure of internal consistency. Correlation indicates the degree of association between two characteristics. The correlation coefficient ranges from -1.0 to +1.0. P value tells whether an association is due to chance or not. The smaller the P value, the greater the statistica... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
5fa56b31-7bb7-4182-a75e-492cb77a0ece | A 3 months old male infant developed otitis media for which he was given a course of Co–trimoxazole. A few days later, he developed extensive peeling of the skin; there were no mucosal lesions and the baby was not toxic. The most likely diagnosis is – | Toxic epidermal necrolysis | Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome | Steven Johnsom syndrome | Infantile pemphigus | 1b | single | null | Dental | null |
89ef4e9c-2b83-4bab-99cb-b1e48d508ebf | All of the following are impoant in determining blood viscosity except? | Hematocrit | Plasma protein concentration | Shear rate | Systemic aerial blood pressure | 3d | multi | Blood is a non-Newtonian fluid, that changes viscosity with velocity of blood flow. The major determinants of blood viscosity are hematocrit, plasma protein concentration and shear rate or blood flow velocity. These effects are paicularly noticeable when the paicle size becomes "large" in relation to the vessel size. R... | Pathology | null |
f7e06ef1-4c44-48f6-83dd-7e11d675283a | Tarsometatarsal amputation is also known as | Chopa's amputation | Lisfranc amputation | Pirogoff amputation | Symes amputation | 1b | single | B i.e. Lisfranc amputation Tarsometatarsal joint is known as Lisfranc joint and amputation through this joint is k/a Lisfranc amputationQ. | Surgery | null |
f0ba0727-464b-4e50-b8d7-98ff821ceb18 | Pavor nocturnus is - | Sleep terror | Sleep apnea | Sleep bruxism | Somnambulism | 0a | single | Pavor nocturnus is the other name for sleep terror. | Psychiatry | null |
c7221d54-2c92-448b-9ae4-686fb8069f66 | A nerve injured in radical neck dissection leads to loss of sensation in medial side of the arm, nerve injured is? | Long thoracic nerve | Thoracodorsal nerve | Dorsal scapular nerve | Medial cutaneous nerve of arm | 3d | single | ANSWER: (D) Medial cutaneous nerve of armREF: Schwartz 9th ed chapter 18, Bailey 25th ed page 733, Mastery of Surgery, Volume 1 edited by Josef E. Fischer, Kirby I. Bland, Mark P. Callery 5th ed Vol 1 page 323Virtually any part of brachial plexus can be injured in RND. Read following lines of Gray's anatomy.The medial ... | Surgery | Orthopedics |
fda1c1be-2e71-4c82-b5c3-72d48d427a64 | A surgeon suspecting testicular carcinoma in a patient asks the intern to send the sample for histopathology, what is the fluid in which the intern should send the sample to the pathologist? | Bouvin solution | 10% formalin | 95% ethanol | Alcohol | 1b | single | Ans. (b) 10% formalin fixative-for-testis-biopsy.html(Ref: Complete review of pathology 2nd ed/Annexure 4. )This is a tricky Question !When you first see the term analysis for sperm, the answer is bouin s fluid. But what the examiner wants to know is whether you know that for histological diagnosis, the fixative is 10%... | Pathology | Male Genital Tract |
0bad2ca2-02af-4385-a329-3288523b4dd2 | Primary Urban Health Centre should be for a population of: | 30,000 | 50,000 | 10,000 | 1,000,000 | 1b | single | URBAN HEALTH CARE DELIVERY MODEL :- Community level: Community outreach services. Sub-primary level: Swasthya chowki 1 Swasthya chowki per 10,000 population. 1 ANM + 1 Community health worker. Primary level: I Primary urban health Centre (PUHC) 1 PUHC/UHC per 50,000 (1 per 25000-30000 in slums). Referral level: Public ... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Rural & Urban Health Centres, Workers, Norms |
a2e32f41-4eda-4c3b-9ec4-1c7fa6d32180 | Inducing agent of choice in shock ? | Isoflurane | Desflurane | Ketamine | Thiopentone | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Ketamine Inducing agent of choice in Asthma & COPD Ketamine. Inhalational agent of choice in Asthma & COPD --) Halothane. | Pharmacology | null |
d111585c-0361-4abf-9696-c8f461aa490e | Recurrence of OKC is due to: | Thin and fragile epithelium | Satellite cyst | Increased mitotic activity | All of the above | 3d | multi | Recurrence of OKC is due to:
Thin and fragile epithelium
Satellite cyst
Increased mitotic activity | Pathology | null |
e9201daf-9319-4030-8c6d-d458aa467d69 | Afrezza is used to treat post prandial hyperglycemia available in color coded formulations yellow colour indicates | 4IU | 8IU | 12IU | 16IU | 2c | single | Afrezza is inhalational form of insulin available in color coded forms
Blue : 4IU
Green : 8IU
Yellow : 12IU | Pharmacology | null |
5c793060-fa49-4424-a92d-3eef96c4065b | Smooth surface caries is characterized by spread of caries in enamel and dentin as cones. These alignment in enamel and dentin is | Base to base | Apex to base | Apex to apex | None of the above | 1b | multi | null | Pathology | null |
76d1f26f-1291-432c-8e3e-38cc4ff2887b | Which one of the following hormonal contraceptive CANNOT be used during lactation : | Mini - pill | Norplant | DMPA | Combined oral contraceptive pills | 3d | single | Combined oral contraceptive pills | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
c63fa4a1-967b-4bf6-8d22-e1f3f1370a9d | Hallpike test is done for | Vestibular function | Corneal test | Cochlear function | Audiometry | 0a | multi | (A) Vestibular function # FITZGERALD-HALLPIKE TEST (Bithermal Caloric Test):> In this test, patient lies supine with head tilted 30deg forward so that horizontal canal is vertical.> Ears are irrigated for 40 seconds alternately with water at 30degC & at 44deg C & eyes observed for appearance of nystagmus till its end p... | ENT | Miscellaneous (E.N.T.) |
7cd43a71-0bde-4687-aafc-f01196610633 | Staphylococcus aureus remains in the skin for longer period because of | Catalase | Coagulase | Hyaluronidase | None | 2c | multi | The extracellular enzymes of staphylococci include: Coagulase is an enzyme that brings about the clotting of human or rabbit plasma. 2. Lipid hydrolases or lipases which help them infect the skin and subcutaneous tissue. 3. Hyaluronidase breaks down the connective tissue. Staphylokinase(fibrinolysin), fatty acid modify... | Microbiology | Bacteriology |
b47d5e74-b784-4617-b2e7-0d0217a5a3f1 | Very low bih weight is less than: September 2009, March 2013 (g) | 1000 gm | 1500 gm | 2000 gm | 2500 gm | 1b | single | Ans. B: 1500 gm Very low bihweight is a term used to describe babies who are born weighing less than 1,500 grams. | Pediatrics | null |
fb162da9-43f4-4695-a130-68a98f7e2901 | A 6-year-old child presented with a Trendelenburg gait to the OPD. History of progressive muscle weakness and intellectual impairment was present. He had gained head control by the age of 7 months and had staed walking by the age of 18 months. Her child also had trouble in running and going upstairs. Serum CK levels we... | A | B | C | D | 3d | multi | This is a case of Duchenne muscular dystrophy Due to deficiency of the dystrophin gene. Presents with Delayed developmental milestones, waddling gait, Gower's sign, difficulty in running and jumping with frequent falls. X-ray shows scoliosis which is a common finding in DMD Muscle biopsies shows: - Segmental myofiber d... | Unknown | Integrated QBank |
0ac28a39-d58b-4368-b031-b7c88c850cc5 | Immediate treatment for hyperkalemia with significant ECG changes? | Calcium chloride | Calcium hydroxide | K+ Binding Resin Enema | Calcium Carbonate | 0a | single | Calcium increases threshold potential- restoring normal gradient between threshold potential and resting membrane potential (elevated abnormally in hyperkalemia) Calcium chloride - onset of action is < 5min and lasts about 30-60 min. Doses should be titrated with constant monitoring of ECG changes during administration... | Medicine | Electrolyte Imbalance |
8d8d7791-671f-4f50-a958-1c1a85af3928 | Which of the following is not a risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma | Thorotrast | Radon | Dioxin | Aflatoxin | 3d | single | Risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma Choledochal cyst Primary sclerosing cholangitis Ulcerative colitis. RPC or hepatolithiasis. Biliary enteric anastomosis HBV, HIV, HCV Choledocholithiasis Clonorchis sinensis and opisthorchis viverrini Cirrhosis Radon Asbestos, Nitrosamines, Dioxib(AND). Diabetes, Obesity, OCP's, smok... | Anatomy | G.I.T |
1e983a70-4ab9-43a3-ac2e-ce540ec6fbab | Molluscum contagiosum is caused by | Pox virus | Varicella | Vaccinia | Herpes | 0a | single | Ans: a) Pox virusMolluscum contagiosum is seen in children and adults. It is characterised by pink o pearly white wart like nodules on the skin. Eosinophilic hyaline inclusion bodies called molluscum bodies are present Humans are the only susceptible hosts.Extra points:Certain inclusion bodies* Vaccinia - Guamieri bodi... | Microbiology | Virology |
6646ded5-beb5-4ebf-83e0-ff17e83b4b73 | High plasma drug concentration of phenytoin can cause which of the following adverse effects? | Ataxia | Hirsutism | Gum hyperplasia | All of the above | 0a | multi | Cerebellar dysfunction (ataxia, nystagmus and veigo) is seen at toxic plasma concentrations whereas hirsutism and gum hyperplasia is seen at therapeutic concentrations (but on prolonged use). | Pharmacology | Epilepsy |
3c3644a8-3622-45cd-8e5e-c6aebc7bdf9d | Organism most likely to cause "fever of unknown origin" in a farmer who raises goats | Brucella melitensis | Clostridium novyi | Histoplasma capsulatum | Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 0a | single | Human brucellosis is acquired from animals, directly or indirectly. Goats, sheep, cattle, buffalos, and swine are common sources. Most human infections in various pas of India are due to B.melitensis acquired from goats and sheep. Ref: Textbook of microbiology; Ananthanarayana and paniker's; 10th edition; Pg: 348 | Microbiology | Bacteriology |
3ad5811f-1567-42ee-b891-215f8905c31e | All the following muscles are innervated by facial nerve EXCEPT | Occipito- frontalis. | Anterior belly of digastric. | Risorius. | Procerus. | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e. Anterior belly of diagastric Anterior belly of digastric is supplied by nerve to mylohyoid (br. of mandibular)Muscles supplied by Facial N.All facial muscles except levator palpebrae superioris (it is supplied 3rd N)Post belly of Digastric StapediusStylohyoid Occipito frontalis Platysma Auricular muscl... | ENT | Facial Nerve And Its Disorders |
b9e1720e-8e9f-4839-a6e1-b65603080ff3 | Which type of amyloidosis is caused by mutations in transthyretin gene? | Familial Mediterranean fever | Familial amyloidosis polyneuropathy | Dialysis associated amyloidosis | Prion protein associated amyloidosis | 1b | single | Transthyretin (TTR) is a normal serum protein that binds and transpos thyroxine and retinol. Several distinct mutant forms of TTR (and its fragments) are deposited in a group of genetically determined disorders referred to as familial amyloid polyneuropathies. Normal TTR is also deposited (Due to overproduction) in the... | Pathology | Amyloidosis |
cab07397-da10-4087-b326-d5d4880ca27b | Middle lobe of prostrate is present in between: (PGI June 2008) | Prostatic urethra & Ejaculatory' duct | Prostatic u reth ra & rectu m | Ejaculation duct & pubis | Pubis and rectum | 0a | single | Ans: A (Prostatic urethra & ejaculatory duct) Middle lobe of prostate lies behind the upper part of the urethra and in front of the ejaculatory ductQ, just below the neck of the bladderQ"- BDC4th/Vol II -372Fig.; Saggital section of a prostate that had undergone benign enlargement of the median lobe. Note the bladder p... | Anatomy | Male Genital System |
23e18082-eb5b-4c0b-bb75-bbd83d3fbd9d | All are sonological features of Budd Chiari syndrome, EXCEPT: | Intraluminal echogenicity of hepatic vein | Thickened walls of hepatic vein | Stenosis and proximal dilatation of the hepatic veins | Dilated hepatic veins | 3d | multi | Budd-Chiari syndrome Liver is typically large and bulbous in the acute phase. Hemorrhagic infarction may produce substantially altered regional echogenicity. The caudate lobe is often spared in BCS as the emissary veins drain directly into the IVC at a lower level than the involved main hepatic veins, leading to caudat... | Radiology | null |
ddd1b0c3-ec10-4259-a450-6bd0b95ad90b | All of the following are Didactic ways of communication except: | TV | Newspaper | Internet | Lecture | 3d | multi | null | Dental | null |
9b34c74d-906f-4dc8-999f-30fafacec273 | All intrinsic muscles of larynx except cricothyroid are supplied by which nerve? | Superior laryngeal nerve | Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve | External Laryngeal Nerve | Vagus | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Recurrent laryngeal nerve * All the muscles which move the vocal cord (abductors, adductors or tensors) are supplied by the recurrent laryngeal nerve except the cricothyroid muscle. | ENT | Larynx |
ffd0f91e-318a-4788-bcd9-ea378af6c595 | Hutchinson pupil is seen in which nerve palsy | Optic nerve | Occulomotor nerve | Abducent nerve | Trochlear nerve | 1b | single | Caused by compression of the third nerve. Hutchinson pupil is dilation of pupil in one eye when the other eye is contracted Hutchinson's pupil is a clinical sign in which the pupil on the side of an intracranial mass lesion is dilated and unreactive to light, due to compression of the oculomotor nerve on that side. The... | Ophthalmology | Neuro-ophthalmology |
54043eb3-7dd6-492b-b4df-d9e76cf52da9 | In the year 1971 first Pit and Fissure sealant was developed | NUVA SEAL. | NEW SEAL. | SEALAPEX. | None | 0a | multi | null | Dental | null |
61cf437e-a0ba-4294-a4b9-83e205e29bd1 | The presence of large quantities of un-reabsorbed solutes in the renal tubule causes an increase in urine volume is called: | Osmotic diuresis | Osmotic natriuresis | Water intoxication | Water dieresis | 0a | multi | Osmotic diuresis | Physiology | null |
812afea1-718c-452c-9faf-c3f7005985e8 | The essential ingredient in the space sprays for vector control is – | Malathion | Fenithion | Pyrethrum | BHC | 2c | single | null | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
a06f8198-92a7-4ecf-9edd-68c72cb6a958 | Hemophia A due to deficiency of - | Factor VIII | Factor IX | Factor X | Factr XI | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Factor VIII HemophilaA;-o Hemophilia A is due to deficiency of factor VIILo Hemophilia A is inherited as an X-linkedrecessive trait.o Factor VIII is an intrinsic pathway component required for activation of factor X.Clinical manifestations are due to defect in coagulation system : -Large post traumati... | Pathology | Bleeding Disorders |
8b569cc6-92e2-49fd-8dc0-5bfb211882cd | Which of the following is directly involved in sound transduction? | Release of neurotransmitter onto the afferent endings of cranial nerve VIII | Shearing motion of the basilar membrane against hair cell stereocilia | Movement of the tectorial membrane resulting in hair cell depolarization | Vibration at the round window via the stapes | 0a | single | Shearing of the hair cell stereocilia against the tectorial membrane results in depolarization, and the release of neurotransmitter onto afferent endings of the auditory cranial nerve leads to initiation of an action potential.
Sound waves are directed toward the tympanic membrane by the pinna and the external auditory... | Unknown | null |
a63e1805-6bed-4843-b07c-2152f2aa3302 | Pautrier&;s micro-abcess is a histological feature of | Sarcoidosis | TB | Mycosis fungoides | Ptyriasis lichenoides chronica | 2c | single | In histopathology of mycosis fungoides shows collection of atypical lymphocytes( Pautriers micro abscesses) in epidermis( a feature of epidermotropism) and a band of lymphoid cells in the upper dermis. From illustrated synopsis of dermatology and sexually transmitted diseases neena khanna 5th edition page no 405,406 | Dental | Skin tumors |
54947d21-ddd9-4f92-bd39-3b249ac48fc4 | Hard exudates not seen in - | Hypeension | DM | Toxemia of pregnancy | SLE | 2c | single | causes of hard exudates on the retina. Diabetic retinopathy Hypeensive retinopathy Coats' disease Circinate retinopathy Ref Comprehensive ophthalmology AK Khurana 4th edition page no 495 | Ophthalmology | Vitreous and retina |
c9126776-8107-41b4-a98f-cc22e2759129 | Iodized salt in iodine deficiency control programme is? | Primary prevention | Secondary prevention | Teriary prevention | None | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Primary prevention Foification of food e.g. iodized salt is primary prevention. | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
7c14f01a-250d-4ee3-8505-c6c04ae766d5 | Adenoma sebaceum is a characteristic of Wof | Tuberous sclerosis | Neurofibromatosis | Xanthomatosis | Incontinentia pigmenti | 0a | single | TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS Cutaneous manifestations Angiofibromas (previously called adenoma sebaceum):- Most frequent manifestation, seen in almost 90% of patients. Appear in childhood and enlarge at pubey (hence the misnomer "sebaceum"). Reddish brown, smooth, dome-shaped papules with telangiectasis. Symmetrically, on nose, ... | Dental | Skin tumors |
0281d8d3-714e-4b0b-81be-f189a349805d | An 18 years old male reported with chief complaint of sensitivity and deep, dull, radiating pain during chewing. Intra-oral examination showed sparase plague and dental calculus deposits, distolabial migration of the maxillary incisors with diastema formation, mobility of maxillary and mandibular incisors and first mol... | Chronic periodontitis | Refractory periodontitis | Localized aggressive periodontitis | Necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis | 2c | single | null | Dental | null |
70378676-d327-4c7a-84d3-450448bec163 | An asymptomatic patient on regular health checkup has platelet counts of 8,00,000/cu.mm. Next line of management is: | Follow up and observe | Bone marrow biopsy | Plasmapheresis | Phelobotomy | 0a | single | Normal platelet count =1.5 - 4.5 lac per cu.mm 35% of patients with thrombocytosis eventually end up being Diagnosed with Malignancy Causes of Thrombocytosis Tissue inflammation: collagen vascular disease, inflammatory bowel disease Hemorrhage Malignancy Iron-deficiency anemia Infection Surgery Myeloproliferative disor... | Medicine | JIPMER 2017 |
dab2f96e-5f8c-455d-ae4d-d52390cff71d | A patient of pneumonia develops sputum expectoration. What is the stage of pneumonia- | Congestion | Red hepatization | Grey hepatization | Resolution | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Resolution * "In stage of resolution, consolidation tissue re-aereates and the fluid infiltrate. Causes sputum"* "Symptoms of pneumonia include cough, initially short, painful and dry and later on expectoration (during resolution). -----Clinical medicine | Pathology | Respiration |
ba8eb9fa-a991-477b-ac1c-1ff07557cc6d | Which of the following drugs can cause exacerbation of psoriasis? | Metformin | Interferon alpha | Lithium | All the above | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., All the above Drugs which cause exacerbation of psoriasiso Antimalarials (chloroquine)o NSAIDso Carbamazepineo IFN-ao Lithiumo b-blockerso Sodium valproateo Metformino Corticosteroids withdrawalo ACE inhibitorso AT-II antagonistso Calcium channel blockers | Skin | Drugs |
789777c0-d6cb-452d-8ee4-ce9ffc1d9638 | 6 month old baby with severe pallor and hepatospenomegaly. Similar history with the sibling. Investigation of choice - | Bone marrow biopsy | Hb electrophoresis | Hb estimation | Platelet count | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Hb electrophoresis | Pediatrics | null |
dde32905-d2bf-4029-9fdb-018ffe5240a4 | Neurotransmitter in subthalamic nuclei ? | Glutamate | GABA | Serotonin | Ach | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., GlutamateBasal ganglia are richly connected with one another. These connections include :?1) Dopaminergic nigrostriatal projection from the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNPC) to the striatum caudate nucleus and putamen) and corresponding GABAergic projection from striatum to substantia nigra pars r... | Physiology | null |
dd29b20f-97ab-40b5-95ac-b6fb489a5597 | All of the following are bactericidal drugs except- | Ethambutol | Isoniazid | Rifampicin | Pyrazinamide | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Ethambutol o All first-line drugs are tuberculocidal except ethambutol which is tuberculostatic. Tuberculocidal - Rifampin, INH, streptomycin, pyrazinamide. Tuberculostatic - Ethambutol, PAS, cycloserine, thioacetazone. | Unknown | null |
1d3e0b12-6382-475f-a78f-9ca2f8aef4bf | Rejection of allografts are complex process primarily involving - | Immune complex deposition | Vascular blockage | Cell-mediated immunity and circulationg antibodies | Infection | 2c | multi | The allograft rejection involves a first set and second set response. The first set response is brought about almost exclusively by T lymphocytes ( cell-mediated. Humoral antibodies are also produced during allograft rejection. Reference:athanarayan & paniker's 9th edition, pg no: 184 <\p> | Microbiology | Immunology |
d9886087-786f-4805-85a2-ac038af381cc | The primary function of Toll like Receptors is?- | Vasodilation | Activation of Immune System | Regulation of Calcium channel | Second Messenger | 1b | single | Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are microbial sensors that are named for the founding member called Toll, which was discovered in Drosophila. There are ten mammalian TLRs, which recognize products of bacteria (such as endotoxin and bacterial DNA), viruses (such as double-stranded RNA), and other pathogens . TLRs are located... | Pathology | General pathology |
28bc3278-ebd5-452f-a31d-19757881de8d | A female child presents with hypertension, hyperpigmentation and virilization, she is most likely to be suffering from deficiency of? | 11 beta hydroxylase deficiency | 21 alpha hydroxylase | 17 alpha hydroxylase | 3 beta hydroxylase | 0a | single | ANSWER: (A) 11 beta hydroxylase deficiencyREF: Nelson's 18th ed p. 2366See APPENDIX-58 below for details of "Congenital adrenal hyperplasia" APPENDIX - 58Congenital Adrenal HyperplasiaCAH is very frequently asked in pre PG examinations with different case scenarios. There is a simple way to remember the symptomatology ... | Pediatrics | Genetic Approach to Pediatric Medicine |
af2dacc6-e2d4-49dd-810b-3e44c11e3f9e | When does the Implantation occur? | On day 4 after feilization | After the endometrium undergoes a decidual reaction | When the embryo is at the morula stage | Only after priming of the uterine endometrium by progesterone and estrogen | 3d | single | . | Pathology | All India exam |
f1267e7d-a317-462e-9ae1-3d80a6016a81 | A newborn of 7 days old presented with meningitis. Most common cause –a) E.colib) Streptococcal pneumoniac) N. Meningitisd) Streptococcal agalactiae | b | c | ac | ad | 3d | single | Group B streptococcus followed by E.coli are the two most common causes of neonatal meningitis.___ Nelson
Note -
For exams like AIIMS & AI, where only one options is correct, streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococcus) is best answer. | Pediatrics | null |
7afa9b10-10aa-4978-b8ad-48b4e3d16b04 | In HIV, which pa of brain show atrophy - | Deep white matter | Anterior cingulate gyrus | Globus pallidus | All | 3d | multi | . All | Pathology | null |
c7b118f1-69a0-48c6-981a-5c353861cc30 | Which of the following are the features of phenytoin toxicity: | Gum hyperophy | Acne rosacea | Exacerbation of acne vulgaris | Loss of hair | 0a | single | Gum hyperophy: Commonest ( more in younger age (b) Hirsutism, coarsening of facial fea :-..:: c (troublesome in young girls), acne. REF: KD TRIPATIH 8TH ED. | Pharmacology | Central Nervous system |
6a85fe4e-c3f7-4aab-8b0a-fb72fd81d6be | Which of the following belongs to category 'X' risk, if given to pregnant women - | Lidocaire | Morphine | Aspirin | Thalidomide | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Thalidomide Risk category of drugs during pregnancyCategory ExamplesANo riskAdequate studies in pregnant women have failed to demonstrate a risk to the foetusInj. Mag. sulfate, thyroxineBNo evidence of risk in humansAdequate human studies are lacking, but animal studies have failed to demonstrate a ri... | Pharmacology | General Pharmacology |
0031671b-bbfb-4167-8f44-41cc1a589bb7 | Gall bladder response in case of extreme starvation is | Distended | Collapsed | No change | Cant say | 0a | multi | null | Physiology | null |
d21e9b15-ca0b-4222-89c1-ff4e9a305e01 | Sulphur granules in actinomycosis consist of | Monophils and neutrophils | Monophils and lymphocytes | Eosinophils | Bacterial paicles | 3d | single | Sulphur granules are examined microscopically. They are crushed between slides and stained by gram stain and examined. The granules are bacterial colonies and will be found to consist of a dense work of thin gram-positive filaments surrounded by a peripheral zone of swollen, radiating club-shaped structures (antigen-an... | Microbiology | Bacteriology |
9ca9b3f0-c2f2-4e54-9d33-49da861f6b30 | Down's syndrome is: | Trisomy 21 | Trisomy 18 | Trisomy 13 | 45,X | 0a | single | Symptoms of down's syndrome (Trisomy 21): Mental retardation Epicanthic folds and flat facial profile Simian's crease Umblical hernia Hypotonia Gap between first and second toe Congenital hea defects Trisomy 18 (Edwards syndrome) symptoms: Prominent occiput Mental retardation Low set ears Congenital hea defects Rocker-... | Pathology | Specific Cytogenetic Disorders |
11429601-f42a-41d7-98f1-01dace9d6a1e | Which of the following is not a feature of rhinosporidiosis? | Bleeding polyp | Russel bodies are seen | Oral dapsone is useful in treatment | Excision with the knife is the treatment | 1b | single | Russel bodies are seen in rhinoscleroma. (Ref: PL DHINGRA diseases of ear, nose and throat, 7th edition page no 175) | ENT | Nose and paranasal sinuses |
1561d748-422b-408a-8013-e1d2091a83e9 | Cadmium is associated with which of the following occupational malignancies? | Leukaemia | Ca lung | Ca liver | Ca prostate | 3d | single | Some occupational malignancies and hazardous agents responsible for it are given below: Vinyl chloride - liver, angiosarcoma Cadmium - Ca prostate Beryllium, chromium compounds - Ca lung Ethylene oxide - leukaemia Ref: Robbins Basic Pathology, 7th Edition, Page 176. | Pathology | null |
426efe7d-1414-4cff-980a-a309dbb44f5f | Ethacrynic acid is not used due to ? | Renal toxicity | Ototoxicity | GI toxicity | Pulmonary toxicity | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Ototoxicity Ethacrynic acid is most ototoxic loop diuretic. | Pharmacology | null |
d1615793-c3be-4175-b82a-e787d187ac7d | A 20 year old girl presented with Raynaud's phenomenon, ahralgia, acrosclerosis, and mild myositis. She is positive for a distinctive antibody against U1-ribonucleoprotein (RNP). This antibody is a common finding in which of the following conditions? | SLE | Scleroderma | MCTD | Dermatomyositis | 2c | single | Mixed connective-tissue disease (MCTD) is an overlapping of clinical features of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), scleroderma, and myositis.MCTD is associated with the presence of high titers of anti-U1RNP antibodies specifically directed against the proteins A, C, or 70K complexed with U1RNA. Anti-RNP bodies are, h... | Pathology | null |
54bf3407-4704-437b-bd09-0dbba7115889 | Morbid jealousy is seen with | Alcoholism | Opium | Cannabis | Amphetamine | 0a | single | Alcohol-induced jealousy: patients suspect their spouses of infidelity and the belief is morbid enough to influence various aspects of personal and social life. Reference: P.105 chap.5 Substance use disorders textbook of postgraduate psychiatry Nivas &ahuja | Psychiatry | All India exam |
7c7c4853-9f28-4604-b83b-71fcfff2e026 | Leash sign is found in | Ectopic Pregnancy | Vulvovaginitis | Polyhydramnios | Tubercular Salpingitis | 0a | single | Ans. A. Ectopic PregnancyAll cases of ectopic pregnancies had a typical eccentric leash of vessels on color Doppler that showed a low resistance placental type of flow on spectral Doppler. This is called leash sign. This sign has a sensitivity of 100% and specifity of 99% a positive predictive value of 95% and negative... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Ecotopic Pregnancy |
1f9b471f-3329-42fe-a0c3-cb45d1eb681b | Commonest type of cleft lip is ? | Bilateral | Midline | Combined with cleft palate | Unilateral | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Combined with cleft palate Distribution of Cleft types Cleft lip alone -> 15%Cleft lip & palate --> 45% Isolated cleft palate --> 40% | Surgery | null |
28f311fe-817f-4614-8e82-06c5d3683458 | Ends of chromosomes replicated by: (PGI Dec 2006) | Telomerase | Centromere | Restriction endonuclease | Exonuclease | 0a | single | Ans: A (Telomerase) TelomersThe ends of each chromosomeQ contain structures called telomers. Telomers consists of short repeat TG rich sequences.Telomerase is mutisubunit RNA-containing complex related to viral-RNA-dependent DNA polymerase (Reverse transcriptase), the enzyme which is responsible for telomere synthesis ... | Microbiology | Immunology |
62ccb055-b889-4507-a981-541c1d83a9e4 | A 24-year-old woman who had previously been uneventfully transfused,receives a blood transfusion during surgery and sholy thereafter develops itching, generalized uicaria, laryngeal edema, and dyspnea with wheezing respiration. She has a past history of recurrent upper respiratory tract infections and frequent episodes... | IgA | IgD | IgE | IgG | 0a | single | Isolated IgA deficiency It is most often asymptomatic but can be characterized by anaphylactic reactions to transfused blood. It is critical to notify the transfusion service about a patient with possible IgA deficiency prior to giving blood products so that products can be washed to remove any immunoglobulins prior to... | Pathology | Immunodeficiency Disorders |
2b038b6b-017a-4469-9bcd-57b1de99cae9 | 23 yrd old male with abdominal surgery, develops intestinal obstruction 2 yrs later, what is the likely cause - | Adhesions | Hernia | Intussecption | Volvulus | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Adhesions * In Western countries where abdominal operations are common, adhesions and bands are the most common cause of intestinal obstruction in such post abdominal surgery cases. | Surgery | Intestinal Obstruction |
56596c01-cb00-44f6-acd2-4e56fa65f5d7 | In triage green color indicates: | Emergency treatment. | Delayed treatment. | Minimal treatment. | No treatment. | 2c | single | null | Surgery | null |
30c55927-29bd-4ab1-9f22-0b3fe86a5bd1 | A 30-year-old man presents to the emergency department for assessment of new symptoms of hematuria. The physical examination is normal except for an elevated blood pressure of 164/94 mm Hg. An ultrasound of the kidneys reveals multiple renal cysts in both kidneys. His father had a similar condition. Which of the follow... | liver cysts | intracranial aneurysms | autosomal dominant inheritance | rheumatoid arthritis (RA) | 3d | multi | RA is not associated with polycystic kidney disease. It has an autosomal dominant inheritance and about 50% developed renal failure by age 60 years. Cysts are also seen in the liver (more common) and pancreas. Also 5% - 10% of asymptomatic patients can have cerebral aneurysms. Renal transplantation is utilized in end-s... | Medicine | Oncology |
87b4dfb4-dd5f-43b8-9d23-962913eaadf3 | Brown's tumour is seen in: | Hypehyroidism | Hyperparathyroidism | Osteoporosis | Osteogenesis imperfecta | 1b | single | Advanced primary hyperparathyroidism pathognomonic radiologic findings, which are best seen on x-rays of the hands and are characterized by subperiosteal resorption. The skull also may be affected and appears mottled with a loss of definition of the inner and outer coices. Brown or osteoclastic tumors and bone cysts al... | Surgery | null |
2ce53721-8fe8-4004-91a5-9e10375013fe | Female with secondary amenorrhea with serum prolactin level 75ng/m1 is to be treated with: | Cabergoline | Ganirelix | Clomiphene | Estradiol | 0a | single | null | Pharmacology | null |
6f31c99b-acb5-4841-bc0d-c126781805a4 | Turbinate that articulates with ethmoid is - | Superior | Middle | Inferior | All of the above | 2c | multi | Middle turbinate & superior turbinate is a part of the ethmoidal bone whereas inferior turbinate articulates with the ethmoid bone, completing the medial wall of the nasolacrimal duct. | ENT | null |
3a2929fd-1d7f-400f-bf4d-79ebceb37757 | The phosphor crystals often contain rare earth elements, the most common being: | Lanthanum and gadolinium | Thulium | Niobium | Terbium | 0a | single | The phosphor layer is composed of phosphorescent crystals suspended in a polymeric binder. When the crystals absorb X-ray photons, they fluoresce. The phosphor crystals often contain rare earth elements, most commonly lanthanum and gadolinium. Their fluorescence can be increased by the addition of small amounts of elem... | Radiology | null |
1a7a9cfb-d130-4988-96e9-6775a6164dfe | Which of the follwoing statements about theophylline is TRUE? | Its use in astham has declined because of narrow safety margin | Its dose needs to be reduced in the smokers | It acts by increasing the formation of cAMP | Its plasma half life is longer in children as compared to that in adults | 0a | multi | (Ref: KDT 6/e p221) Theophylline has a narrow therapeutic index. Its use has been declined due to narrow safety margin. It inhibits the enzyme phosphodiesterase and thus decreases the metaboism of cAMP. It does not increase the formation of cAMP. Smoking is a powerful enzyme inducer. Dose of theophylline should be incr... | Pharmacology | Other topics and Adverse effects |
a1c495ad-d8fb-4a72-8a64-39163d82c290 | The nitrate which does not undergo first pass metabolism is | Isosorbide mononitrate | Nitroglycerin | Pentaerythratol tetranitrate | Isosorbide dinatrate | 0a | single | Isosorbide mononitrate, is a medication used for hea related chest pain (angina), hea failure, and esophageal spasms. It can be used both to treat and to prevent hea related chest pain, however is generally less preferred than beta blockers or calcium channel blockers. It is taken by mouth Isosorbide mononitrate is a n... | Pharmacology | Cardiovascular system |
798102be-d1e1-46d8-ad78-6f36250b545e | A young, tall, thin male with arachnodactyly has ectopia lentis in both eyes. The most likely diagnosis is | Marfan's Syndrome | Marchesani's Syndrome | Homocystinuria | Ehler's Danlos syndrome | 0a | multi | Marfan Syndrome Marfan syndrome is a disorder of connective tissues,manifested principally by changes in the skeleton, eyes,and cardiovascular system. Its prevalence is estimated to be 1 in 5000. Approximately 70% to 85% of cases are familial and transmitted by autosomal dominant inheri- tance. The remainder are sporad... | Medicine | Genetics |
307d17d2-64a0-4327-b527-4beeebc83e43 | Comedo nevus is which type of epidermal nevus ? | Keratinocytic | Verrucous | Inflammatory | Appendegeal | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Appendageal [Ref : IADVL textbook of dermatology 3'd/e p. 175) Types of epidermal nevusKeratinocytic r Verrucous epidermal nevus, linear epidermal nevus.Organoid (appendageal); Nevus sebaceous, nevus comedonicus, eccrine nevi, apocrine nevi, Becket's nevus. | Skin | null |
d2c805e8-4f3d-454f-972f-c3fa52dae59b | Sitting without suppo occurs at what age ? | 6 months | 5 months | 10 months | 12 months | 0a | single | Nelson 18th ed, ch8, table 8.1 A child sits alone without suppo at the age of 6-8 months. | Anatomy | General anatomy |
c96d1a1d-0d78-40fc-a903-49807571d8c8 | Which of the following features is not shared between T cell and B cell | Antigen specific receptor | Class 1 MHC expression | Positive selection during development | All the above | 2c | multi | Ref Robbins 8/p209 T cells (thymus cells) and B cells (bone marrow- or bursa-derived cells) are the majorcellular components of the adaptive immune response. T cells are involved in cell-mediated immunity, whereas B cells are primarily responsible for humoral immunity (relating to antibodies). And the positive selectio... | Anatomy | General anatomy |
e66cf085-6068-4439-a120-cd5bf4ae10d7 | A defect in the enzyme hexosaminidase causes | Gaucher disease | Farber disease | Tay-Sachs disease | Krabbe disease | 2c | single | DiseaseEnzyme DeficiencyClinical SymptomsTay-Sachs disease Hexosaminidase AMental retardation, blindness, muscular weaknessRef: Harper&;s Biochemistry; 30th edition; Chapter 24 Metabolism of Acylglycerols & Sphingolipids | Biochemistry | Metabolism of lipid |
098b5bfa-8894-46e2-a40c-7e948a78a491 | The immunoglobulin mediates ADCC | IgM | IgA | IgG | IgE | 2c | single | IgG Antibody
o Half life(23d),
o High Serum concerntration (GAMDE) ,
Responsible for-
o Precipitation,
o neutralization,
o NK cell (ADCC)
o Classical complement
Appear late, indicates past / chronic infection | Unknown | null |
72e4dc6b-ed06-4e06-88d5-6146c4e30a19 | What is the diagnosis in this patient who had abdominal pain? | Familial Mediterranean fever | Henoch-Schonlein purpura | Meningococcemia | Polyarteritis nodosa | 1b | single | Answer B. Henoch-Schonlein purpuraSkin biopsies revealed leukocytoclastic vasculitis with IgA deposition, which is consistent with IgA vasculitis (Henoch-Schonlein purpura). The patient was treated with high-dose glucocorticoids including pulse therapy, which were tapered successfully after cyclosporine was added to th... | Medicine | Immunology and Rheumatology |
f610084e-3e84-4d01-b7fc-b6f156934fc0 | CO acts by inhibiting which component of respiratory chain - | Cytochrome b | Cytochrome C oxidase | NADH CoQ reductase | Oxidative phosphorylation | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Cytochrome C oxidase Inhibitors of Electron transport chain (Respiratory chain)o Complex IBarbiturates (amobarbital), piercidin A. rotenone, chlorpromazine. guanithidine.o Complex IICarboxin. TTFA, malonate.o Complex IIIDimercaprol, BAL, actinomycin A, Naphthvloquinone.o Complex IV (cytochrome c oxida... | Biochemistry | Respiratory Chain |
d10a068b-1e81-464c-bca1-3fda3ce65ffa | How are chest compressions given in a newborn? | Using palm on the lower third of sternum | Using two fingers on the middle third of sternum | Using the two thumbs on the lower third of sternum | Using three fingers on the lower third of sternum | 2c | single | c. Using the two thumbs on the lower third of sternumThe two thumb encircling technique is preferred for chest compressions in newborn | Pediatrics | New Born Infants |
73764947-3cbe-4988-bff8-1256db0401d6 | In a case of meningitis, neiserria meningitides was grown in culture after 48 hours. Which measure is to be taken immediately ? | Isolation of contacts | Antibiotic treatment of contacts | Vaccination of contact | All of the above | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Antibiotic treatment of contacts Close contacts of persons with confirmed meningococcal disease are at an increased risk of developing meningococcal illness.Antibiotics are effective in preventing additional cases through eradicating carriage of the invasive strain.Most secondary case occur within the... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
97a3cc44-4f36-4a0d-8f73-f579302fc030 | Which one of the following is a DUAL RECORD SYSTEM consisting of continuous enumeration of birth and death by numerator and which indicates survey every six months? | Census | Civil registration system | Sample registration system | Model registration system | 2c | single | null | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
8d533713-f5e2-4035-b1fb-0fe24d2d2583 | All are true regarding Desflurane EXCEPT – | Low blood/gas partition coefficient | Minimum alveolar concentration range from 5–7% | Sweet smelling agent | Suitable for day care surgery | 2c | multi | Desflurane is fastest acting inhalation anesthetic with minimum blood: gas partition coefficient of 0.42.
MAC of desflurane is 6.
Desflurane has pungent smell, in contrast to sevoflurane which is sweet smelling.
Desflurane is the inhalation agent of choice for day care surgery. | Anaesthesia | null |
fe3f75b4-2f8c-4626-9cc3-2c29320dded5 | National Rural Health Mission was launched in the year | 2005 | 2003 | 2007 | 2010 | 0a | single | The government of India launched National Rural Health Mission in 2005,5th April for a period of 7 years later extended upto 2017. Mission seeks to improve rural health care delivery system. Ref: Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine.K Park. Edition 23.Pg no: 448 | Social & Preventive Medicine | Health programmes in India |
bbc963df-a9ec-48f1-9888-8b5771ac15bd | Most preferred technique for painless labour | Lumbar epidural | Sacral epidural | Lumbar + sacral epidural (double catheter technique) | Para cervical block | 0a | single | the lumbar epidural replaced caudal analgesia as the preferred technique. Compared with the caudal route, lumbar epidural analgesia is more comfoable for the patient and easier to perform. The technique required less local anesthetic.. Ideally, an epidural is staed when the woman is at least four centimetres dilated an... | Pathology | All India exam |
d96e0d47-391e-40ce-a551-8155031900ad | Watson Jones operation is done for- | Polio | Muscle paralysis | Neglected clubfoot | Chronic ankle instability | 3d | single | Watson Jones operation is done for chronic ankle instability.
Note : Watson Jones approach (not Watson - Jones operation) is used for hip surgeries. | Orthopaedics | null |
8ec39384-f7fa-4ffb-a902-be7a9324b7b5 | Therapeutic index of a drug signifies: September 2005 | Dose which produces maximum effect | Safety margin | Efficacy | Maximum response that can be elicited by a drug | 1b | single | Ans. B: Safety Margin The therapeutic index/therapeutic ratio is a comparison of the amount of a therapeutic agent that causes the therapeutic effect to the amount that causes death. It signifies safety margin. Quantitatively, it is the ratio given by the lethal dose divided by the therapeutic dose. A therapeutic index... | Pharmacology | null |
d9f3eb93-b708-4104-adb4-102cc382439d | Drug of choice for the initial treatment of parkinsonism - | Levodopa | Benzhexol | Ropinirole | Selegeline | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Ropinirole o Dopamine agonist (Ropinirole, pramipexal, rotigotine) monotherapy is the initial treatment of choice. (But levodopa remains the most effective drug for Parkinson ism). | Pharmacology | null |
29bd845e-0178-4198-a187-15cb628f0b23 | Ossification centre of scaphoid appears at | 1-6 months | 1 to 2 years | 2 to 4 years | 4 to 6 years | 3d | single | Answer- D. 4 to 6 years | Surgery | null |
0f29da56-6a8c-4f1a-9c3c-f7d8b4fb7941 | which one of the following congenital malformation of the fetus can be diagnosed in first trimester by ultrasound : | Anencephaly | lnencephaly | Microcephaly | Holoprosencephaly | 0a | single | Anencephaly is defined as absence of the cranial vault and is incompatible with life.This was the first anomaly to be detected on USG and pregnancy to be terminated.It is usually diagnosed by 12 weeks (first trimester)of pregnancy on USG.There is a typical frog's eye apperanace on USG. Refer page no 487 of Text book of... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Diagnosis in obstetrics |
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