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adafe901-7ce4-42e8-bfbc-2c8a4fa71ad4 | HbA2 is - | Alhpa2Beta2 | Alpha 2 Gamma 2 | Beta 2 Gamma 2 | Alpha 2 Delta 2 | 3d | single | Human Hb exists in a number of types which differ slightly in the structure of their globin moiety. HbA2 is minor Hb in the adult red cell with structural formula alpha 2 delta 2.Alpha with 141 aminoacid and delta with 146 aminoacids.It is present in very small amounts at bih and reaches adult level during first year o... | Pathology | Haematology |
ad0abef1-b65e-43f7-a7e2-a96e22f170f1 | Randomization is best done by | Lottery system | Computer system | Random number tables | All of the above | 2c | multi | C. i.e. (Random number table) (77 - Park 19th) (78- Park 20th)RANDOMIZATION - is a statistical procedure by which the participants are allocated into groups usually called "Study" and "Control" groups, to receive or not to receive an experimental preventive or therapeutic procedure, manoeuvre or intervention* Randomiza... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Epidemiology |
de3c73c2-d346-4637-8f1a-768b3f43ca78 | Pleural mesothelioma is associated with- | Asbestosis | Berylliosis | Silicosis | Bagassosis | 0a | single | Malignant mesothelioma of pleura
Malignant mesothelioma in the thorax arise from either the visceral or the parietal pleura.
It is associated with exposure to asbestos.
Simian virus 40 (SV40) viral DNA has also been associated with malignant mesothelioma.
Morphology
Malignant mesothelioma is a diffuse lesion that ... | Pathology | null |
31c0700b-5517-4e59-94aa-662fbfe01cf2 | Vitamin for which only animal source is available is:- | Vitamin B1 | Vitamin B2 | Vitamin B12 | Vitamin C | 2c | single | - Vitamin B12/Cyanocobalamine is only obtainable through animal sources, therefore strict vegetarians develop B12 deficiency. - Vit B12 deficiency leads to :- Megaloblastic anemia Peripheral neuritis SCDSC Infeility Atrophic glossitis Peripheral neuropathy. | Social & Preventive Medicine | Vitamins and Nutritional Deficiencies |
a2c4c5a0-1839-4f36-9e5f-63d4312a3b61 | Which of the following enzymes is deficient in Niemann- Pick disease? | Aryl sulfatase | Glucose-6-phosphatase | Sphingomyelinase | Beta glucosidase | 2c | single | Ans.c (Sphingomyelinase) (Ref. Harper Biochemistry, 26th ed. 203; Table 24-1; OP Ghai 6th ed. 542, 616) SphingolipidosesInheritanceEnzyme DeficientCNS InvolvementVisceral Involvement1Fabry diseaseXLRAlpha-Galactosidase_+2Krabbe's diseaseARBeta-Galactosidase++3Farber diseaseARCeramidase+/--4Gaucher diseaseARBeta-Glucosi... | Biochemistry | Carbohydrates |
cee7dbb4-251c-4918-b77c-191f8973ebc7 | Coombs test is | Precipitation test | Agglutination test | CFT | Neutrilization test | 1b | single | Agglutination test:-insoluble antigen +antibody=clumps. Principle-When sera containingantibodies are mixed with antigen coated red cells, the antibody globulin coats the surface of the erythrocytes,though they are not agglutinated. When such erythrocytes coated with the antibody globulin are washednfree of all unattach... | Microbiology | Immunology Pa 1 (Immune Response, Antigen-Antibody Reactions, Hypersensitivity, Structure of Immune System, Immunodeficiency Disorders) |
1fee94ef-3b52-46a8-9289-8d974ef4dcee | The most favoured treatment for a pelvic abscess in cul-de-sac is - | Laparotomy | Colpotomy | External I & D | Antibiotics | 1b | single | null | Surgery | null |
c0dc18dd-7d50-4b8a-ab7a-b6232880ef66 | Which of the following is a zoonotic disease - | Hydatid cyst | Malaria | Filariasis | Dengue fever | 0a | single | - zoonoses have been defined as those disease and infection which are naturally transmitted between veebrate animals and man. - hydatid disease is a zoonotic disease of man . It is caused in man by the metacystode stage of the canine intestinal tapeworm, Echinococcus. The adult worms are found in dogs and other carnivo... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Communicable diseases |
7ee5751f-d2fc-4dc0-8432-ca16c6e68499 | Gene for folate carrier protein located on ? | Chromosome 10 | Chromosome 5 | Chromosome 21 | Chromosome 9 | 2c | single | Chromosome 21 [Ref: www.ihop netorgiunipub/ihopigi92248.htmll Transpo of folate compounds Folk acid transpo * Chromosome location ----> 21 q 223. * Gene name --> SLCI9AI solute carrier family 19 (folate transpoer), member * Gene product/function --> Transpoer for the iniake of folate. Transpo of folate occurs by novel ... | Pathology | null |
ecaae7ce-199c-4370-b258-db301154f392 | Ramu, 15 yrs of age presents with haemorrhage 5 hrs after tonsillectomy. Treatment of choice is | External gauze packing | Antibiotics & mouth wash | Irrigation with saline | Reopen immediately | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e Reopen immediately Post tonsillectomy haemorrhages can be of two types :Primary or reactionary- occurs with in a few hrs of the operation (by definition within 24 hrs)Secondary haemorrhage- usually seen between 5th to 10th post - op dayIt is due to infection.*MxPrimary - return to the operation theatre ... | ENT | Ear |
fa0a30db-d4aa-41c8-af79-0beb3874bb35 | Which of the following statement is false regarding phenobarbitone? | It acts primarily at the GABA: BZD receptor -chloride ion channel complex | It can cross the placenta | Contra-indicated in Acute intermittent porphyria | It has no significant drug interactions with warfarin | 3d | multi | Phenobarbitone induces metabolism of warfarin BARBITURATES Phenobarbitone and primidone act as anticonvulsant drugs due to GABA mimetic as well as GABA facilitatory propeies. These drugs increase the duration of opening of chloride channels. These drugs are useful in generalized tonic clonic seizures (GTCS) and paial s... | Pharmacology | Sedative-Hypnotics and Parkinsonism |
9efa91c8-449e-4e66-8465-9ec409dbe165 | 7 years old child presents with a lesion in upper tibia. X ray shows radioluscent area with Codmans triangle and Sunray appearance. Diagnosis is | Ewing sarcoma | Osteosarcoma | Osteoid Osteoma | Chondrosarcoma | 1b | single | Sunray (sunburst) appearance and Codmans triangle ***typical freatures of Osteosarcoma ***may also be seen in Ewings sarcoma, osteomyelitis onion peel apperacne ***typical feature of Ewings sarcoma ***May also be seen in Osteosarcoma, and osteomyelitis Refer Maheshwari 9th/e p 240. | Anatomy | null |
f6a0fc8b-8811-490b-9736-9265a4aa2d7d | Invasive carcinoma differs from carcinoma in situ by: March 2005 | Abnormal nuclear morphology | Pleomorphism | Breached basement membrane | Mitoses | 2c | single | Ans. C: Breached basement membrane Carcinoma in situ (CIS) is an early form of carcinoma. When dysplastic changes are marked and involves the entire thickness of the epithelium but the leasion remains confined by the basement membrane, it is referred to as carcinoma in situ. Once the tumour cells breach the basement me... | Pathology | null |
794cd01b-d91f-47b9-9302-3daf81d48770 | A 40 year old diabetic presents with blackish nasal discharge and a mass in the nose, likely diagnosis is: | Mucormycosis | Actinomycosis | Rhinosporiodosis | Histoplasmosis | 0a | single | Mucomycosis is an oppounistic infection which is, common in diabetics, presenting with blackish nasal discharge. | ENT | null |
349b1180-48b3-477f-9e2e-6548ae6293dd | True about Arterioles is | Resistance | Exchange | Reservoir | Pressure | 0a | multi | Arterioles regulate the distribution of blood flow by altering their diameter to increase or decrease the peripheral resistance as required. | Physiology | null |
5196b904-bd40-4ddd-82a9-b10feb0b0fb7 | Neuroendocrine tumors (NET) can be best detected by: | PET scan | HRCT scan | MRI | Radionuclide scan | 3d | single | Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy helps in improved visualization of neuroendocrine tumors. Octreoscan utilizes a somatostatin analogue In 111 labelled diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid octreotide to visualize somatostatin receptor-positive tumors. When compared to CT or MRI octreoscan detects additional metastasis... | Radiology | null |
7bf5a8f0-3832-478b-b722-942e4bc23720 | All of the following statements about Miliary Tuberculosis are true Except: | May occur following primary infection | May occur following secondary reactivation | Sputum microscopy is usually negative | Montoux is always positive | 3d | multi | Answer is D (Monotoux is always positive): 120. Montoux test is not always positive in cases of Miliary Tuberculosis. It may be negative /non reactive as a result of anergy. Miliary Tuberculosis max' occur following primary infection and secondary reactivation Miliary tuberculosis is due to hematogenous dissemination o... | Medicine | null |
9fc266e8-395c-4382-953c-d44a91acf98c | With increased flow to loop of Henle, decreased in GFR is by ? | Countercurrent exchanger | Glomerulotubular balance | Tubulo-glomerular feedback | Countercurrent multiplier | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Tubulo-glomerular feedback Autoregulation of GFRThe GFR is normally well autoregulated in the range of 70-180 mm Hg of systemic pressure. Feedback mechanisms intrinsic to the kidney normally keep the renal blood flow and GFR relatively constant, despite marked changes in aerial blood pressure. The rel... | Physiology | null |
e2995392-383d-4293-b05d-0e01e24cb42c | The most common site of esophageal adenocarcinoma is: | Upper 1/3rd | Middle 1/3rd | Lower 1/3rd | Upper 2/3rd | 2c | single | Answer is C (Lower 1/3rd) The most common site of adenocarcinoma esophagus is the lower 1/3rd of esophagus Esophageal Adenocarcinoma invariably arises from Barret's esophagus (Barret's ulcer) which is characteristically located in the distal esophagus around the gastroesophageal junction. | Medicine | null |
ec007111-1f1e-44f4-a9d3-87953ed0ab57 | Wheal and Flare reaction is which type of Hypersensitivity? | Type I | Type II | Type III | Type IV | 0a | single | ANSWER: (A) Type IREF: APPENDIX-21 below for "HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS"Wheal-and-flare reaction: (Stedman s Medical Dictionary)The characteristic immediate reaction to an injected allergen in a skin test, in which an irregular blanched wheal, appears surrounded by an area of redness. Also called as wheal and erythema... | Microbiology | Immunology |
202b633f-3a21-41d3-a29c-ca03c0c29829 | Which of the folio wing is not a pox virus- | Cow pox | Molluscum contagiosum | Smallpox | Chicken pox | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Chicken pox fRef: Ananthnaravan 9th/e p. 461 & 8th/e p. 4611Poxviruses causing disease in humanso Variola (small pox )o Vacciniao ButTalopoxo Monkeypoxo Cowpoxo Orfo Molluscum contagiosumo Tanapoxo Chicken pox is caused by varicella - zoster virus, which is a herpes virus. | Microbiology | Poxviruses |
ce5578d7-703c-4f47-afcf-43064ce75f6c | Colipase acts with: | Lipoprotein lipase | Pancreatic lipase | Gastric lipase | Salivary lipase | 1b | single | Pancreatic juice contains lipase, colipase, phospholipase A & B Colipase: Facilitates the action of lipase Prevents inactivation of lipase by bile salts | Physiology | Gastrointestinal System |
8e2cd6c4-717b-44c4-8962-3df7bb54273e | The normal value of P50 on the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve in an adult is | 1.8 kPa | 2.7 kPa | 3.6 kPa | 4.5 kPa | 2c | single | Adult Hb- 50% saturation at PO2 of 26mmHg.
1mmHg= 0.133 KPa
26mmHg= 0.133 X 26 = 3.45 | Physiology | null |
d6cb4741-0918-4056-9783-976d80ae9124 | Confirmation of appendicitis | Clinical examination | USG abdomen | X-ray abdomen | Raised TLC\/DLC | 0a | single | The classical features of acute appendicitis begin with poorly localised colicky abdominal pain.Central abdominal pain is associated with anorexia, nausea and usually one or two episodes of vomiting that follow the onset of pain (Murphy). Anorexia is a useful and constant clinical feature, paicularly in children. The p... | Surgery | G.I.T |
da577669-5bea-451e-8d75-901026be3491 | Which of the following substances is a growth factor that is capable of inducing all the steps necessary for angiogenesis? | . EGF | TGF -a | PDGF | Basic fibroblasts growth factor | 3d | multi | Basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF) * Growth factors are chemicals that are associated with cell growth. For example, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) can induce the growth and proliferation of fibroblasts. * Additionally, one type of FGF, basic FGF, is capable of inducing all of the stages of angiogenesis (basement mem... | Surgery | null |
f6d5364f-40a1-4ce8-8070-c22653c5b8f0 | The postmarketing trial comes under | Phase 1 clinical trial | Preclinical trial | Phase 3 clinical trial | Phase 4 clinical trial | 3d | single | There are 4 phases of a clinical trial. Once the drug is released into market pharmacovigilance is done - comes under phase 4 of drug trial to asses the safety, cost effectiveness of the drug once marketed Ref: K.D.Tripati.7th ed. Pg 82-83 | Pharmacology | General pharmacology |
d224dd52-40b4-4c72-b395-ae7bf6b4170c | In case of hepatic porphyria the safe anti convulsant- | Phenytoin | Carbamazepine | Valparate | Paraldehyde | 3d | single | null | Medicine | null |
cc5fd1c2-46dc-4329-afe2-84f55c6b69b7 | All are complications of ileal resection EXCEPT: March 2004 | Megaloblastic anemia | Iron deficiency anemia | Gastric hypeension | Malabsorption syndrome | 1b | multi | Ans. B i.e. Iron deficiency anemia Iron deficiency can result from 1) dietary lack, 2) impaired absorption, 3) increased requirement, or (most impoantly) 4) chronic blood loss. | Pathology | null |
e659e4f4-cd09-4a55-a982-dfa8e6ce4dd7 | Annerix V on non permeable cell is indicative of | Apoptosis | Necrosis | Cell entering replication phase | Cell cycle arrest | 0a | single | Ref, Robbins 8/ep27,9/ep56 Apoptotic cells express phosphatidylserine in the outer layers of their plasma membrane.This phospholipids move out from the inner layer where it is recognised by number of receptors on the phagocytes. | Anatomy | General anatomy |
11ef387e-0915-44da-ad00-3a640e4ffc8d | Heating at 60degC for 30 minute would isolate: | Staphylococci | Enterococci | Micrococci | Streptococci | 1b | single | Enterococci | Microbiology | null |
78e7faca-6e86-4af6-8064-14d049ca417d | A neonate is note to have an abnormally shaped face with a very small jaw. On examination he has systolic murmur. Several hours after bih, the baby develops convulsions and tetany. Serum chemistries show Sodium 40mEq/L Potassium 4mEq/L Chloride 100mEq/L Bicarbonate 24mEq/ L Magnesium 2mEq/L Calcium 5mEq/dL Glucose 100m... | Ovaries | Pituitary | Thymus | Thyroid | 2c | multi | Dysmophic features with low calcium and murmur point towards DiGeorge syndrome. Features can be summarized using the mnemonic CATCH-22 to describe DiGeorge syndrome, with the 22 to remind one the chromosomal abnormality is found on the 22 chromosome, as below Cardiac Abnormality (especially tetralogy of fallot) Abnorma... | Pediatrics | All India exam |
9aa8d187-0208-4661-a2a2-7a087ba43754 | Eschar is seen in all the Rickettsial diseases excent: | Scrub typhus | Rickettsial pox | Indian tick typhus | Endemic typhus | 3d | multi | Ans. is. 'd' i. e., Endemic typhus | Microbiology | null |
5fd4f8a7-fb03-47ec-ab6e-b911c1c2fb46 | Drugs undergoing acetylation include all except - | Dapsone | Metoclopramide | Procainamide | INH | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Metoclopramide Drugs metabolized by acetylation o Sulfonamides (including dapson) o Procainamide o PAS o INH o Hydralazine o Clonazepam | Pharmacology | null |
55146a80-a04b-4ccd-a4a1-70f4688ee67f | Structures that passes through Foramen Magnum include all, EXCEPT: | Ascending cervical aery | Accessory nerve | Veebral aeries | Spinal aeries | 0a | multi | The foramen magnum transmits the spinal accessory nerve, veebral aeries, the anterior and posterior spinal aeries, the membrana tectoria and alar ligaments. The foramen magnum is bounded laterally by the occipital condyles.Also Know:The foramen ovale, which transmits the third branch of the trigeminal nerve, the access... | Anatomy | null |
619d5b7e-cfe3-4c57-9b61-767ee954319e | Investigation of choice for Acute pancreatitis: September 2005 & 2006 | X-ray abdomen | CT scan | USG | ERCP | 1b | single | Ans. B: CT scan Contrast CT is the imaging method of choice for delineating pancreas as well as demonstrating necrotizing pancreatitis and many of the complications of acute pancreatitis (e.g. pancreatic pseudocyst) Accuracy of contrast CT >90% when there is more than 30% glandular necrosis Presence of pancreatic necro... | Surgery | null |
150e1bf8-2c7e-4ce0-b757-ccf15f44f6e8 | A 17-year-old boy sustains serious head and neck trauma during a football game. Physical examination shows a positive Babinski sign. What pa of the brain has most likely been damaged in this boy? | Anterior motor neurons | Cerebellum | Coicospinal tract | Premotor coex | 2c | multi | A positive Babinski sign in adults can indicate damage to the coicospinal tract. Positive Babinski sign occurs normally in children up to 2 years of age. The reflex occurs after the sole of the foot has been stroked with a blunt instrument; the big toe moves upward and the other toes fan out. | Physiology | Motor System |
caaec3cc-e16f-4b78-a987-2dc47600b0ab | Which of the following cement is called as Artificial dentin? | Type 2 GIC | Silicophosphate | Amalgam | Zinc phosphate | 1b | multi | Coefficient of thermal expansion of silicophosphate matches with dentin.
While of type 2 GIC with enamel. | Dental | null |
003545bb-ce46-4e13-bfb1-c38579ad9fcf | Biotin is required for the activity of | Pyruvate carboxylase | Lactate dehydrogenase | Succinate thiokinase | Phosphohexose isomerase | 0a | single | Mitochondrial pyruvate carboxylase catalyzes the carboxylation of pyruvate to oxaloacetate, an ATP- requiring reaction in which the vitamin biotin is the coenzyme.
Biotin binds CO2 from bicarbonate as carboxybiotin prior to the addition of the CO2 to pyruvate.
The resultant oxaloacetate is reduced to malate, exported ... | Biochemistry | null |
85639209-fe32-4d8a-ad1d-a6080e3ef8f1 | Patients with mutations leading to defective beta-oxidation of fatty acid usually have hypoglycemia because of | Less ATP for gluconeogenesis | Less acetyl CoA for glucose formation | Increased fatty acids decrease glucose utilization | Fatty acids inhibit transpo of glucose for metabolism | 1b | multi | Acetyl-coenzyme A or acetyl-CoA is an impoant molecule that paicipates in many biochemical reactions in protein, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism. Its main function is to deliver the acetyl group to the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) to be oxidized for energy production. Ref-Sathyanarayana 4/e p399 | Biochemistry | Metabolism of nucleic acids |
8dd4ece6-2f04-4f37-b307-d3fe0faad471 | Korsakoff's psychosis is caused by deficiency of vitamin | Vitamin B1 | Vitamin B2 | Vitamin C | Vitamin D | 0a | single | null | Medicine | null |
562a6274-a81c-4d99-8e4e-f38246f46b4d | Apoptosis- all are true except? | Normal physiological process of programmed cell death | Products removed by phagocytosis | Plasma membrane zeiosis | Causes inflammation that damage surrounding cells | 3d | multi | Ans. (d) Causes inflammation that damage surrounding cells(Ref Robbins 9th/pg 53; 8th/pg 25, 26)Blebbing or zeiosis is the formation of blebs, it is seen in apoptotosis to form apoptotic bodies | Pathology | Cellular Pathology |
370ffe78-4184-4183-b468-aa0d534314f5 | Histamine is secreted by: | Enterochromaffin cell | Parietal cell | Oxyntic cell | Chief cell | 0a | single | - ECL cells lie in deep recesses of oxyntic glands & is associated with parietal cells of glands - Under influence of gastrin (secreted by G-cells), ECL cells release Histamine directly to deep oxyntic gland. Then histamine acts quickly to stimulate Hcl secretion Parietal cell / oxyntic cell: - Present in body of stoma... | Physiology | FMGE 2018 |
81e1e9d8-2af8-44b4-9953-721d0899e5b6 | Which of the following drug does not form active metabolite ? | Flunitrazepam | Diazepam | Oxazepam | Nitrazepam | 2c | single | Drugs which do not form active metabolite- S- sho acting T- temazepam O-oxazepam L-lorazepam E- estazolam | Pharmacology | Sedative-Hypnotics and Parkinsonism |
bd416545-b5e9-47fd-8739-f610831e0843 | Which of the following is not a clinical feature of Endophthalmitis? | Vitritis | Corneal edema | Hypopyon | Cranial nerve palsies | 3d | single | (Ref: Khurana 6th/e p.176 & 4th/e p.150; Yanoff 3rd/e p.815; Ocular pathology by Yanoff 6th/e p.57) Clinical features Acute bacterial endophthalmitis occurs within 7 days of operation and is characterized by severe ocular pain, redness, lacrimation, photophobia and marked loss of vision. | Anatomy | General anatomy |
84299061-ecb0-4a12-9d0b-edf7e104776c | Fouh hea sound is caused by | Closure of AV valves | Closure of semilunar valves | Rapid ventricular filling | Atrial contraction | 3d | single | A fouh sound can sometimes be heard immediately before the first sound when atrial pressure is high or the ventricle is stiff in conditions such as ventricular hyperophy. It is due to ventricular filling and is rarely heard in normal adults.Ref: Ganong&;s Review of medical physiology 25th edition. Page: 542 | Physiology | Cardiovascular system |
6fe43cc8-cf5e-4689-8767-159731c1d559 | After pituitary stalk resection, all hormones are affected except | Prolactin | FSH | ADH | ACTH | 2c | multi | Pituitary stalk-The pituitary stalk (also known as the infundibular stalk or Fenderson&;s Funnel or simply the infundibulum) is the connection between the hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary. The floor of the third ventricle is prolonged downward as a funnel-shaped recess--the infundibular recess--into the infundi... | Physiology | Endocrinology |
b7b2827b-e9b0-47f8-a722-4eae639b0a55 | A 37-year-old woman presents with shortness of breath on exertion. She has a past history of rheumatic fever as a child. On cardiac auscultation, there is a loud S1 and a mid-to-late low-pitched diastolic murmur. You suspect she has mitral stenosis. Which of the following findings is most likely to be seen on the CXR i... | general enlargement of the heart | Kerley B lines | attenuation of pulmonary arteries | straightening of the left heart border | 3d | single | Other early changes in mitral stenosis include prominence of the main pulmonary arteries and backward displacement of the esophagus. CXR changes are caused by enlargement of the left atrium. Severe disease can cause pulmonary congestion (Kerley B lines) and enlargement of the right ventricle, right atrium, and superior... | Medicine | C.V.S. |
32686767-e538-4a99-9ef6-596cddd265f0 | Toxin involved in the streptococcal toxic shock syndrome is | Pyrogenic toxin | Erythrogenic toxin | Hemolysin | Neurotoxin | 0a | single | Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome is caused by pyrogenic exotoxin. Pyrogenic exotoxin (erythrogenic, shock, scarlatinal toxin): the primary effect of the toxin is induction of fever and so it was renamed streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin (SPE). 3 types of SPE are identified- A, B, C. Types A and C are coded by bacterio... | Microbiology | Bacteriology |
959dcb0f-019b-41e5-86e0-8494d379a863 | Patient of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy on valproate comes to you at 5 months of pregnancy with level H scan normal what will you advise? | Change the drug | Continue the drug in same dose | Decrease the dose of drug | Increase the dose of drug | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Continue the drug in same dose Valproic acid has the risk of fetal malformations during the first trimester of pregnancy. This patient has normal level II scan at 5 months of pregnancy so the risk period of valproate is already over and valproate is the drug of choice in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. T... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
584cd9dd-8658-4b06-82d3-7debcb3433ae | Equilibrium potential for an ion is calculated by: | Gibbs Donnan Equilibrium | Nernst Equation | Goldman Equation | None of the above | 1b | multi | Gibbs Donna Equilibrium explains unequal distribution of ions in ICF and ECF due to non- diffusible anions (proteins) present intracellularly Nernst Equation: Nernst equilibrium potential (at which there is no net transpo of the molecule across the membrane) Where, R = the gas constant T = temperature in degrees Kelvin... | Physiology | General Physiology |
3edf33ed-9f4a-4ff4-9c58-48bed7c31217 | On putting an internal jugular vein catheter, a patient has developed sudden onset severe respiratory distress. Clinical diagnosis is? | Pneumothorax | Sepsis | ARDS | Infective endaeritis | 0a | single | The catheter penetrated the jugular vein and traumatized the lung parenchyma damaging the lung tissues leading to PNEUMOTHORAX OPTION B - Takes time to form septicemia OPTION C: MCC of ARDS is Sepsis so, not related to question OPTION D: In Infective Endaeritis fever develops and not respiratory distress | Medicine | Pneumothorax |
7bc6dbbd-4b58-43ee-a497-7f502632f7e0 | duration criteria for bulimia nervosa is | 3 months | 5 months | 4 months | 6 months | 0a | single | Bulimia nervosa * Gender==== more common in females * Age=======adolescence * Comorbidity=== depression and social phobia * Duration====3 months * Criteria= * Binge eating at least once a week for 3 months * Uses laxatives, diuretics, self-induced vomiting * Association= * Impulsive behaviors * increased interest in se... | Anatomy | Treatment in psychiatry |
154e7970-f498-4479-a6f8-f904ae31667e | Most common site of CIN is : | Squamo-coiumnar junction | Ectocervix | Endocervix | Nabothian gland | 0a | multi | Ans: A (Squmao...) "CIN: The metaplasia extends from the original squamocolumnar junction( squamosquamous) outside to the newly deve!oped(physio!ogicallv active) squamocolumnar junction(nowr squamocolumnar) inside. This area is transformation zone"- Dutta Gynae. 6th/321 | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Cervical intraepithelial and cervical cancer screening |
7a8ca2cf-1957-4572-bfa9-849c02bde6c3 | Brucellosis can be transmitted by all EXCEPT | Contect with infected placenta | Ingestion of raw vegetables from infected farms | Person to person transmission | Inhalation of infected dust or aerosol | 2c | multi | i.e. Person to person transmission * Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease (diseases that are transmitted from animals to man, under natural conditions)* It is caused by gram negative bacteria.* Its major reservoirs are infected cattle, sheep, goats, swine, buffaloes, horses and dogs.* The disease is transmitted from infec... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Communicable Diseases |
cadc02cf-5a43-4b45-a7c5-c71f5ea92c8b | The veins of the pericardium drain into | Superior vena cava | Inferior vena cava | Azygos vein | Left brachiocephalic vein | 0a | single | The veins of pericardium drains into svc, pierced anteriorly . Ref - BDC 6th edition vol 1 pg 272 | Anatomy | Thorax |
d922dd6c-be1e-40ef-81b4-0a8bdbcb9b74 | Actinomyces pelvic infection is most associated with? | STDs | Unsafe aboions | Immuno - compromised patients | IUCD users. | 3d | single | Infection is caused by Actinomyces israelii, a grampositive anaerobe. It may be associated in IUCD users more with noncopper devices. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Genital Tract Infections (Too hot to handle!) |
3c7c7d15-8b23-4bfc-8e99-e5beb8abe0d2 | MRSA carrier status is diagnosed by taking sample swab from - | Skin | Nose | Oral cavity | Perineum | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Nose * To detect MRSA carrier Nasal swab is taken.* S. aureus is part of normal human flora. The anterior nares is the most frequent site of human colonization although the skin (especially when damaged), vagina, axilla, perineum and oropharynx may also be colonized. | Microbiology | Bacteria |
ccdda051-3d2d-4a7f-96a0-c72f29f7fc22 | All are true about hyperophic cardiomyopathy except | Systolic dysfunction | Concenteric hyperophy | Diastolic dysfunction | Double apical impulse | 0a | multi | Ref Harrison 19 th ed pg 1568 Biopsy is not needed to diagnose hyperophic cardiomyopathy but can be used to exclude infiltrative and metabolic diseases. Rigorous athletic training (athlete's hea) may cause intermediate degrees of physiologic hyperophy difficult to differentiate from mild hyperophic cardiomyopathy. Unli... | Medicine | C.V.S |
19a3f2fe-c35a-491d-be17-711c04ba4683 | The specific laboratory finding often reflect the clinical manifestations of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) is | Elevated Creatine kinase | Hypocalcemia | Increased Alkaline phosphatase | Leukocytosis | 0a | single | (A) Elevated Creatine kinase # Laboratory abnormalities of NMS:> Elevated serum CK -- Laboratory findings often reflect the clinical manifestations of NMS with more severe rigidity leading to more profound creatine kinase (CK) elevation.> In NMS, CK is typically more than 1000 IU/L and can be as high as 100,000 IU/L.> ... | Psychiatry | Miscellaneous |
c4995dcd-7591-4bc2-969d-d5a75c97b9b9 | Dr. Christian Bernard preformed the Ist hea transplant in the year - | 1962 | 1965 | 1969 | 1967 | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., 1967 | Surgery | null |
b7ef7a7e-91f1-4f40-9e9c-00432e395cd0 | Most common site of perilymph fistula ? | Round window | Oval window | Otic capsule | Attic | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Oval window Perilymph fistula In this condition, perilymph leaks into the middle ear through the oval or round window. Perilymphatic fistula (so positive fistula test) may occur due to a defect in one of three locations : 1. Oval - window (most common site) Stapedectomy surgery (for otosclerosis) Head... | ENT | null |
e6086205-61c7-4e53-b148-9623ed123b75 | Cryptic type miliary TB usually affects which group of patients given below? | Young children | HIV patients | Diabetic patients | Elderly | 3d | multi | A rare presentation of miliary TB seen in the elderly is cryptic miliary TB. It has a chronic course and with mild intermittent fever, anemia, and meningeal involvement preceding death. Reference: Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine, 18th Edition, Page 1349 | Medicine | null |
9547e546-1bf9-48dd-996f-36cae7879724 | Multifocal ERG is useful to assess the function of: | Rods | Macular cones | Ganglion ceils | Retinal pigment epithelium | 1b | single | Ans. b. Macular cones (Ref: Yanoff and Duker 4/e p460)Multifocal ERG is useful to assess the function of macular cones.Multifocal ERG (mfERG)The multifocal ERG (mfERG) has supplanted focal ERG testing and records multiple local ERG responses elicited from the central 40--50 degrees of the retina under light- adapted co... | Ophthalmology | Techniques of Ocular Examination and Diagnostic Tests |
e0ca5a07-a1ad-499c-a92d-719a7ff1af01 | A mother brings her child to clinic with short stature. On examination following physical findings are seen. Doctor advises for the below investigations. Calcium - Normal, Phosphorous - Increased, PTH - Increased, Alvaline Phosphatase - Increased. What is the most probable diagnosis | Chronic renal failure | Vitamin D deficiency rickets, type 1 | Vitamin D deficiency rickets, type 2 | Hypophasphatemic rickets | 0a | single | Image 1 ⇒ Rachitic rosary
Image 2 ⇒ Widening of wrists | Pediatrics | null |
40da2f5d-f108-4af3-9506-d3f7601b0fe3 | A 48-year-old man presents with recurrent headaches and ahritic pain in his knees of 9 months in duration. He notes that his head size has recently increased. Physical examination reveals a blood pressure of 170/100 mm Hg. The patient is observed to have coarse facial features and a goiter. Urinalysis reveals glucosuri... | Excess growth hormone secretion | Excess parathyroid hormone secretion | Excess prolactin secretion | Hypersecretion of bone morphogenetic protein | 0a | single | - Given clinical features are suggestive of Acromegaly; which is d/t increased growth hormone, produced by pituitary adenomas. - C/F of Acromegaly: Enlargement of terminal poions of extremities & jaw Headaches and visual disturbances d/t compression on optic chiasma. Menstrual irregularities in women Diabetes mellitus.... | Pathology | Miscellaneous |
2fa86d31-9e49-4c20-937b-32076858232f | A patient presented with headache and flushing. He has a family history of his relative having died of a thyroid tumour. The investigation that would be required for this patient would be - | Chest X-ray | Measurement of 5 HIAA | Measurement of catecholamine | Intravenous pyelography | 2c | single | Ans is "C" i.e. measurement of catecholamine This patient is having MEN syndrome more specifically MEN type 2, which includes. Medullary carcinoma of thyroid and Pheochromocytoma Headache and flushing are manifestation of pheochromocytoma which can be diagnosed by measuring catecholamine level in urine or blood. | Surgery | null |
c69cc126-c7a0-41c8-8af5-f75304717cf0 | Commonest cause of sustained severe hypeension in children | Endocrine causes | Coarctation of aoa | Renal parenlchyma disease | Pheochromocytoma | 2c | single | The chief causes of severe sustained hypeension identified included chronic glomerulonephritis , obstructive uropathy , reflux nephropathy , thrombotic microangiopathy and renovascular disease . ref:Harrison&;s principles of internal medicine,ed 18,pg no | Medicine | C.V.S |
34b15337-0e66-430a-bc71-8cb1cbadb218 | In transverse fracture of patella treatment is:- | Excision of small segment | Wire fixation | Plaster cylinder | Patellectomy | 1b | multi | Tension band wiring(TBW) would be the answer if it were present in options ORIF with tension band Wiring :- INDICATIONS:- Preserve patella whenever possible Extensor mechanism failure (unable to perform straight leg raise) Fracture aicular displacement >2mm Displaced patella fracture >3mm Patella sleeve fractures in ch... | Orthopaedics | Lower Limb Traumatology |
af3a99a5-9b72-4f35-8fef-0cbcfe95196b | All are components of basal ganglia except- | Thalamus | Amygdaloid nucleus | Substantia nigra | Globus pallidus | 0a | multi | Basal ganglia-Structural components Functional components- Caudate Putamen Globus pallidus Amygdaloid nucleus Sub thalamic nucleus Substantia nigra | Anatomy | Neuroanatomy 1 |
69f4530d-fffc-4363-93c8-5e2b87bb7aaf | Corpus callosum is involved in | CNS lymphoma | Adrenoleukodystrophy | Diffuse Axonal Injury | All | 3d | multi | Corpus Callosum is commonly involved in:- *Adrenoleukodystrophy *Marchiaa Bignami Disease *Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy *Diffuse Axonal Injury *CNS lymphoma *Glioblastoma multiformis(Butterfly Glioma) | Radiology | Neuroradiology |
fa6b563c-a1b1-436d-ab74-0be52171a53c | Which of the following is a pseudo cyst? | Mucous retention cyst | Radicular cyst | Aneurysmal bone cyst | Dentigerous cyst | 2c | single | null | Pathology | null |
5e2cb2dc-f53b-4e0d-ba76-07cb26f047df | In Webers syndrome true is | Lesion is in pons | Associated with 3rd nerve palsy | Hemiplegia on ipsilateral side of lesion | Immediate surgery is the treatment | 1b | multi | (B) Associated with 3rd nerve palsy # Injury to structures surrounding fascicles of the oculomotor nerve descending through the midbrain has given rise to a number of classic eponymic designations.> In Nothnagel's syndrome, injury to the superior cerebellar peduncle causes ipsilateral oculomotor palsy and contralateral... | Medicine | Miscellaneous |
666e3d8e-a797-4594-80e3-0140e71a34dc | All are examples of point mutation, except - | Silent mutation | Frame-shift mutation | Missense mutation | Nonsense mutation | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Frame-shift mutation | Biochemistry | Regulation of Gene Expression |
b4430419-7250-47fe-bfb8-7999c5f0b217 | Thoracic duct opens into ? | Subclan vein | Internal jugular vein | Right brachiocephalic vein | Left brachiocephalic vein | 3d | single | Left brachiocephalic vein | Anatomy | null |
8d466c24-4c6b-4232-92c1-f693d0c89df6 | All statements are true about papilloedema except: | Collection of extra-cellular fluid | Disruption of neurofilament | Stasis of axoplasmic transpo | Swelling of the axon | 1b | multi | Ans. Disruption of neurofilament | Ophthalmology | null |
336741a2-ad49-49b7-b337-b32d8094a089 | Drug of choice in lithium induced polyuria is: | Amiloride | Demeclocycline | Thiazide diuretics | Indornethacin | 0a | single | null | Pharmacology | null |
0dad6917-f3bf-4640-a2c6-679c919747db | Abductor of the vocal cord is : | Posterior cricoarytenoid | Lateral cricarytenoid | Crichothyroid | Thyroepiglottis | 0a | single | A i.e., Posterior cricoarytenoid | Anatomy | null |
499329d9-56d9-46a9-a1f7-6ec582d00e17 | A 30-year-old person met with a roadside accident. On admission his pulse rate was 120/minute, BP was 100/60 mmHg. USG examination revealed laceration of the lower pole of spleen and hemoperitoneum. He was resuscitated with blood and fluid. Two hours later, his pulse was 84/ minute and BP was 120/70 mm Hg. The most app... | Exploring the patient followed by splenectomy | Exploring the patient followed by excision of the lower pole of spleen | Splenorrhaphy | Continuation of conservative treatment under close monitoring system and subsequent surgery if fuher indicated | 3d | single | - The most appropriate course of management in this case would be Conservative management - CECT | Depending upon the findings proceed for surgery | Surgery | Spleen |
28c5b41d-647a-4d80-b7a7-57101527b9e1 | Acute osteomyelitis is caused by | Staphylococcus aureus | Actinomyces bovis | Nocardia asteroids | Borelia vincenti | 0a | single | It is caused most commonly by staphylococcus aureus Refer Maheshwari 6th/e p 168 | Anatomy | Skeletal infections |
d63ced10-6ef6-43fa-9efb-5ecc7b6190b7 | A ten-year old girl presents with swelling of one knee joint. All of the following conditions can be considered in the differential diagnosis except - | Tuberculosis | Juvenile rheumatoid ahritis | Haemophilia | Villonodular synovitis | 2c | multi | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Haemophilia Although all conditions mentioned in the options may produce swelling of one knee joint, the clue lies in the fact that haemophilia is an X Linked recessive disease and is not manifested in girls who act only as carriers. | Pediatrics | null |
fbfe94fd-4d9f-479b-8706-30fb86812353 | Left superior oblique and left inferior rectus are | Yoke muscles | Antagonists | Agonists | Synergists | 3d | single | Synergists: It refers to the muscles having the same primary action in the same eye; e.g., 1) superior rectus and inferior oblique of the same eye act as synergistic elevators. 2) Inferior rectus and superior oblique of the same eye act as synergistic depressors. Ref:- A K KHURANA; pg num:-316 | Ophthalmology | Ocular motility and squint |
feb9bb74-76f4-4e9f-8787-cf02d9df7ef9 | Common causes of infertility are:a) Chlamydiab) Gonorroheac) Mycoplasmad) Pneumococcus | ab | bc | acd | abc | 3d | single | PID resulting in salpingitis is an important cause of infertility.
Infertility from PID can occur due to following organisms:
a. Chlamydia
b. Gonorrhea
c. Tuberculosis
d. Mycoplasma (Specifically ureoplasma)
Certain Infections cause Intrauterine synechiae or asherman syndrome thus leading to infertility like:
e. Sc... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
2c3741a0-7e0e-4f31-aed4-27714645d47a | Foramen of Winslow is: | Between greater and lesser sac | At hilum of liver | Transverse cervical ligament of uterus | Pouch of Douglas | 0a | single | Between greater and lesser sac | Anatomy | null |
6f35c93b-84f3-4802-8dd3-599e079a43f8 | Which of the following is not a feature of retinoschisis | Splitting of inner retinal layers | Require active treatment | Caweel maculopathy is seen | May be seen in patients of high myopia | 1b | single | Retinoschisis does not need active treatment as compared to retinal detachement Retinoschisis : * Term is used to describe splitting of inner retinal layers(intra neurosensory layer). * Can be acquired or juvenile X linked congenital retinoschisis * Absolute scotoma is seen as a clinical feature * Beaten metal appearan... | Ophthalmology | Retina |
ac401dbc-02ca-4587-8c6e-2b342b1f3108 | All of the following vaccines are given at 16 - 24 months according to NIS except:- | DPT booster | OPV booster | Japanese encephalitis 2nd dose | PCV booster | 3d | multi | NIS (National Immunization Schedule, India 2019-20) - At Bih : BCG, OPV0, Hep B - 6 Weeks : DPT1, OPV1, Hep B1, HiB1, Rota V1, fractionated IPV1, PCV1 - 10 Weeks : DPT2, OPV2, Hep B2, HiB2, Rota V2 - 14 Weeks : DPT3, OPV3, Hep B3, HiB3,Rota V3, fractionated IPV2, PCV2 - 9 months : Measles1/MR1, Vitamin A, PCV Booster, ... | Social & Preventive Medicine | National Immunization Schedule 2020-21 |
47b9f3d0-ffa3-482e-a2b3-0faa40035ccf | Hyperacute rejection of transplant is due to | T cell mediated | B cell mediated | Preformed antibodies | Macrophage mediated injury | 2c | single | Preformed antibodies will cause hyperacute rejection.
T cells will cause acute rejection. | Surgery | null |
89ca366c-32ce-427e-8e86-b2dfefd3ff1a | Following is prevented by killed vaccine ? | Mumps | Measles | Rabies | Rubella | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Rabies | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
133afa25-e1c7-4dff-b24d-704c36c90531 | Factor V mutation is commonly associated with:- | Hemahrosis | Hematemesis | Thrombosis | Epistaxis | 2c | single | Factor V mutation also called as leiden's mutation Leiden's mutation is characterized by substitution of amino acid at the position 506 Arginine at this position is replaced by glutamine Protein C and S inhibit the activity of Factor V and VIII In Factor V mutation, Factor V gets resistant to the action of protein C an... | Pathology | NEET 2018 |
452dba40-7cca-4788-b255-db8766b346fd | All of the following diuretics increase K excretion except:- | Acetazolamide | Furosemide | Triamterene | Thiazide | 2c | multi | POTASSIUM SPARING DIURETICS P: Potassium sparing diuretics A: Amiloride S: Spironolactone T: Triamterene E: Epleronone | Pharmacology | Kidney |
dc257320-ca6a-442d-b303-257341cba7de | Antischkow cells are ? | Modified macrophages | Modified neutrophils | Modified B cells | Modified RBCs | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Modified macrophages Pathologic Features of Acute Rheumatic Fever Aschoff bodies focal inflammatory lesions seen in acute rheumatic fever consisting of foci of T lymphocytes, occasional plasma cells, and plump activated macrophages. These activated macrophages called Anitschkow cells (pathognomonic fo... | Pathology | null |
ba8d8c80-0660-4b59-9598-6492a5e44c27 | Treatment of transverse lie at labour is : | Aificial rupture of membrane | Oxytocin infusion | Cesarean section | Forceps delivery | 2c | single | Cesarean section | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
81786342-656b-46bc-887a-361259db5755 | Regarding suckling reflex, which of the following is true | Has afferent hormonal and efferent neuronal components | Increases placental lactogen secretion | Increases the release of dopamine from the arcuate nucleus | Triggers the release of oxytocin by stimulating the supraoptic nuclei | 3d | multi | When the baby suckles, neural signals from the nipple travel nerves to the spinal cord and up to the brain (afferent component), which triggers the release of oxytocin from the supraoptic nuclei (efferent component). | Pathology | All India exam |
c4da5418-3479-4210-9b2e-638e3340e758 | Which of the following is used to assess disability in migraine? | MIDAS | MMSE | EDSS | ETDRS | 0a | single | MIDAS Questionnaire is used for assessment of disability in migraine Disease Scores Migraine Disability Assessment Score MIDAS Screening tool for Dementia MMSE Used for Diabetic Retinopathy study ETDRS Used in Multiple Sclerosis EDSS | Medicine | Headache And Migraine |
1fb01b5f-161c-4ca9-9ada-435fee39d519 | In a-thalassemia, Hb Bas is said when number of gene loci affected is: | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 3d | single | Answer- D. 4The alpha-thalassemias are caused by inherited deletions that result in reduced or absent synthesis of alpha-globin chains.Normally, there are four alpha-globin genes. | Pathology | null |
fdc4b629-36dc-4c7d-98cd-242b93ceac46 | Which among the following is not a SERM ? | Flutamide | Ormeloxifene | Tamoxifen | Raloxifene | 0a | single | null | Pharmacology | null |
0e4fcd70-33da-4eba-9369-ec3839b1289c | ln multiparous women, external os is i | Circular | Longitudinal | Transverse | Septate | 2c | single | Transverse | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
82e59e07-3786-41d1-8b18-45c4e5059fe6 | The classic triad of congenital Rubella includes all except: | Cataract | Deafness | Retinal detachment | CHD | 2c | multi | The classic triad of congenital Rubella does not include Retinal detachment. Rubella virus infection during pregnancy: Virus can cross the placental barrier and infect the fetus. Infection leads to angiopathy with placental and fetal vasculitis, which compromises fetal growth. The classic triad of congenital Rubella in... | Microbiology | Virology (RNA Virus Pa-1,2 & Miscellaneous Viruses) |
8627f99a-19ba-4497-bdb4-122261f909fd | Which drug is contraindicated in patients allergic to sulphonamides ? | Brizolamide | Brimonidine | Zonisamide | Bimatoprost | 2c | multi | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Zonisamide Zonisamide is a sulfonamide medication used for the treatment of seizures. It has been associated with severe skin reactions, those typically seen with sulfa reactions. This medication should not be used in sulfa-allergic patients. | Pharmacology | null |
e46f8a20-29cb-40ff-8daa-6443aea365af | Which of the following statement characterize both Hemoglobin and Myoblogin - | Non-helical | Subunits which are held together by hydrogen bonds | Binds with 2 Heme | Heme at hydrophobic pockets | 3d | multi | Heme lies in the hydrophobic interior (pocket) of globin chain of hemoglobin and myoglobin.
Polypeptide chain of myoglobin and all four polypeptide chains of hemoglobin have helical structure.
Polypeptide subunits of hemoglobin are held together by hydrogen bonds, salt (ionic) bonds and Van der walls forces. Myoglobin ... | Biochemistry | null |
8fbc2341-0392-4065-bb10-067bb070786b | The ground glass ventricular septum is seen in | TOF | HOCM | TGA | CHF | 1b | single | Four bump heaMS/MR Due to left atrial appendage enlargementGlassy hea on ECHOAmyloidosisDouble Cardiac shadow, Double density sign, Bedford signLeft Atrial EnlargementDock&;s sign, E-Sign, Figure of 3 sign, Reversed E sign, Inveed 3 signCoarctation of the aoaDouble aoic knuckleAoic dissectionJughandle appearancePrimary... | Radiology | All India exam |
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