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a1ed2706-b900-479c-90a6-73e9fe3a73b3 | Blood nerve barrier is formed by: | Perineurium | Schwann cells | Epineurium | Endoneurium | 0a | single | Ref: Histology a Text and Atlas, 6th edition, Michael H. Ross, Page 376Explanation:"Together with endothelial cells of blood vessels within the fascicle, perineurial cells constitute part of the blood-nerve barrier, an important andselective diffusion barrier against entry of potentially infectious and toxic substances... | Physiology | Sex Hormones |
798e154e-3279-45d8-b342-bdc264afa10c | The most commonly implicated neurotransmitter in the aetiology of schizophrenia is | Norepinephrine | Serotonin | Dopamine | GABA | 2c | single | Schizophrenia is presently thought to be probably due to a functional increase of dopamine at the postsynaptic receptor, though other neurotransmitters such as serotonin (especially 5-HT2 receptors), GABA and acetylcholine are also presumably involved. Ref: A Sho Textbook of Psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja, 7th Edition, pg. no... | Psychiatry | Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders |
265167a0-dd2b-435a-b21e-6d7e56ad6403 | True about estrogen production in menstural cycle? | Only by theca cells | Only by granulosa cells | Both theca and granulosa cells | None of the above | 2c | multi | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Both theca and granulosa cells Ovarian follicle contains two types of cells in preovulatory phase :-i) Granulosa cells :- Secrete mainly estrogen and very minimal amount of progesterone.ii) Theca cells (interna & externa) Theca interna cells provide androgen and pregnenolone to granulosa cells to conv... | Physiology | null |
b6be5ace-6f3a-426b-a11c-b9ca047f62b6 | Anaesthesia of choice in renal disease – a) Atracuriumb) Cisatracuriumc) Vecuroniumd) Rocuroniume) Mivacuronium | abc | bcd | abe | acd | 2c | single | Atracurium /Cisatracurium are the muscle relaxant of choice in renal diseases. Mivacurium is an alternative.
Vecuronium and Rocuronium are primarily excreted in bile, therefore are safe in renal diseases. However, they are not the muscle relaxant of choice.
If the question would have been framed differently, i.e. the m... | Anaesthesia | null |
f3538c89-4a80-449e-803d-104c74ebf9ca | Which of the following statements about miltefosine is True? | It is used only for visceral leishmaniasis | A 4 week course produces cure rate of around 65% | It is the oral drug for treatment of kala-azar | It is safe in pregnancy | 2c | multi | MILTEFOSINE - It is the first oral drug for treatment of kala azar. - 4 weeks course can produce cure rates of more than 95 percent - It can be used for visceral as well as cutaneous leishmaniasis. - It has a very long half life. - Reversible derangements of LFT and KFT have been noted. - Miltefosine is teratogenic and... | Pharmacology | Anti-Parasitic Drugs |
e22676e3-ebf4-464b-8af3-ab81a4f2e4b2 | Which one of the following clinical findings excludes the diagnosis of polymyositis? | Neck muscle involvement | Extraocular muscle involvement | Dysphagia | Abdominal muscle involvement | 1b | single | PM don't have any of the following:rashes ,involvement of extraocular and facial muscles ,family history of neuromuscular disease,history of exposure to myotonic drugs or toxins ,endocrinopathy ,neurogenic disease,muscular dystrophy ,biochemical muscle disorder. Ocular muscles are never involved in generalized polymyos... | Medicine | C.N.S |
24642e27-fed8-454e-ba83-6806eee554c1 | Drugs used in the treatment of rhinoscleroma include all except: | Streptomycin | Ciprofloxacin | Tetracycline | Erythromycin | 3d | multi | Drugs used for treatment of rhinoscleroma are streptomycin (1g/day), ciprofloxacin (Ig/day)or tetracycline (2g/day). Treatment is continued till clinical improvement and negative tissue cultures are obtained. | ENT | Nose and PNS |
7c60f2d8-70c4-4ba8-a804-3a488993fa52 | High - resolution CT of the lung is a specialized CT technique for greater detail of lung parenchyma and it utilizes - | Special lung filters | Thick collimation | Bone algorithm for image reconstruction | Large field of view | 2c | single | Principles of HRCT are:-
i) Narrow beam collimation (thin collimation)
ii) High-frequency reconstruction algorithm, e.g. bone algorithm
iii) Small field of vision | Radiology | null |
62f3a657-37d0-438c-a68a-04e31419b75e | Kayser fleischer ring is seen in - | Siderosis | Chalcosis | Open angle glaucoma | Chemical injuries | 1b | single | Chalcosis- It refers to the specific changes produced by the alloy of copper in the eye. Mechanism - copper ions from the alloy are dissociated electrolytically and deposited under the membranous structures of the eye. KF ring is due to deposition of copper under peripheral pas of descemets membrane of cornea. Fleische... | Ophthalmology | Ocular trauma |
48672729-5df7-4746-a0eb-97021ad980a0 | Who gave the model for demineralization & remineralization of white spot lesion? | Miller | Moreno | Martin | Massler | 1b | single | The physiochemical process of white spot lesions was difficult to understand until the Moreno model was described. In this model, acids formed by cariogenic bacteria dissolve the surface as well as subsurface enamel. The calcium and phosphate ions from the subsurface dissolution diffuse downwards toward the surface and... | Dental | null |
8e17ad95-a764-4105-ba2b-0d1b804ace27 | A 70 year old alcoholic presents with abdominal pain, lump in the RUQ and weight loss. No history of upper or lower Gl symptoms. USG shows 10 x 10 cm mass in the right lobe of liver. Which serum marker will be helpful in diagnosis? | Serum calcitonin | CA19-9 | Alkaline phosphatase | Alpha-fetoprotein | 3d | single | Answer: d) Alpha-fetoprotein (ROBBINS 9th ED, P-337)A 70 year old chronic alcoholic with abdominal pain, weight loss & lump in the RUQ suggests liver cancer. AFP is the tumor marker which is raised in liver cancerTUMOR MARKERSMarkersAssociated cancersNon neoplastic conditionsHuman chorionic gonadotropinTrophoblastic tu... | Pathology | Liver & Biliary Tract |
e8b8e80b-cad8-4d2d-a468-93818549b3af | Goodpasture's syndrome is characterized by - | Necrotising hemorrhagic interstitial pneumonitis | Alveolitis | Patchy consolidation | Pulmonary edema | 0a | single | Goodpasture syndrome
Goodpasture syndrome is a rare condition characterized by the rapid destruction of the kidney and diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage.
It is an autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of circulating autoantibodies targeted against basement membrane of lung and kidney.
These antibodies are direct... | Pathology | null |
2dc41761-4fc2-4a46-86ff-36bfa0d1a0d8 | Snake venom acts by? | Classical pathway | Alternate pathway | Both | None | 2c | multi | Both REF: Manson's tropical diseases By Gordon C. Cook, Patrick Manson, Alimuddin Zumla Page 566, Elapid and Colubrid venoms activate complement alternative pathway (cobra venom factor), Russell's viper classical pathway Southern pacific rattle snake inactivates both alternate and classical pathway | Forensic Medicine | null |
a1c5b748-7a00-46b3-a547-e828cb31cc7f | NOT used as a post - coital contraception : | Danazol | Ethinyl estradiol | Levonorgesterel | Misoprostol | 3d | single | Ans. is d i.e. Misoprostol Friends, here the answer of choice is Misoprostol as it is never used for Emergency contraception (though according to Shaw it can be used) whereas Danazol can be used but is less desirable than other methods because of its less efficacy. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
99be6250-8f74-4521-b450-3b4cade34103 | Minimal interval between two live vaccines administered by the oral route is | Any time | 2 weeks | 4 weeks | 3 months | 0a | single | Live vaccines administered by the oral route (Oral Polio vaccine-OPV; oral typhoid and Rota virus) are not believed to interfere with each other if not given simultaneously. These vaccines may be given at any time before or after each other. Live parenteral (injected) vaccines and live intranasal influenza vaccine shou... | Pediatrics | All India exam |
1c7376a9-762a-4369-8f35-65e782848632 | in the condition above the patients presents with ? | hyperkalemia | metabolic alkalosis + paradoxical renal aciduria | hypernatremia + hypochloremia | metabolicacidosis | 1b | multi | image is : gastric outlet obstruction patient presents with vomiting/ball rolling hypokalemia,hyponatremia, hypochloremia metabolic alkalosis + paradoxical renal aciduria treatment: iv fluids ,NS + kcl supplement ref : bailey and love 27th ed | Surgery | All India exam |
e3a3915d-5644-4f79-b5e7-4b9954601a93 | Abnormal cellular growth may result in either a decrease or an increase in the mass of the involved tissue. Both hyperplasia and hyperophy are found in: | Pregnancy uterus | Cardiac muscle in cardiomegaly | Skeletal muscle in athelete | Breast development in lactation | 0a | multi | Uterine myometrial hyperplasia and hyperophy are seen during pregnancy (hormone-induced). Hyperophy results from increased amounts of cytoplasm and cytoplasmic organelles in cells.Hyperplasia results when cells of a tissue are stimulated to undergo mitotic division, thereby increasing the number of cells. Ref: Chandras... | Pathology | null |
05f2285c-f9d6-40df-84ef-7800cccc5e5a | A 2 year old child without fever develops bone pain, vomiting and features of increased intracranial pressure following excessive medication. The drug most likely to be responsible for this is – | Vitamin A | Phenothiazine | Phenytoin | Vitamin D | 0a | single | It is a case of pseudotumor cerebri. | Pediatrics | null |
b99af515-e985-433f-945a-621e978ed8c6 | FG, FFG, FFFG....used to describe: (PGI May 2011) | Primer | Cartridge | Black gunpowder | Wadding | 2c | single | Ans: C (Black gun..) FG, FFG, FFFG.... are used to describe the size of grains of black gunpowder.Gunpowder used in FirearmsBlack PowderQ# It consists of Potassium nitrate 75%, Charcoal 15% & Suiph ur 10% (Pnemonic - PCS in decreasing percentage)# It is designated as FG, FFG, FFFG, etc., depending on size of the grains... | Forensic Medicine | Injuries by Firearms |
ad0c84e1-9a31-412c-ba11-cb5c28623c6d | The disposable plastic syringes are best sterilized by- | Formaldehyde | Ethylene oxide | Hexachloride | UV radiation | 1b | single | null | Microbiology | null |
92b533e6-8806-42ea-afc0-577cdf047c5a | Identification features of oesophagus are all except | Submucosal glands are present | Lined by Stratified ciliated columnar epithelium | Upper 1/3rd skeletal muscle; Middle 1/3rd mixed fibres and Lower 1/3rd smooth muscle fibres | Tunica adventitia is present | 1b | multi | Oesophagus is lined by Stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium.The oesophagus is covered by an adventitia until it pierces the diaphragm, after which it is covered by a serosa.Oesophagus and duodenum have submucosal glandsThe muscularis externa of the upper third of the oesophagus has mostly skeletal muscle, the... | Anatomy | General anatomy |
4562d98c-a3e7-4c8c-b54b-4e3cd19744a5 | Which of the following is associated with anti-glomerulal basement membrane antibody ? | IgA nephropathy | Membranous glomerulonephritis | Goodpasture's syndrome | Mernbrano-proliferative glomerulonephritis | 2c | single | Repeated question | Pathology | Urinary tract |
8f6a70fe-11ed-4bfc-b595-375ea858af94 | Digitalis produces which of the following changes in ECG ? | Tall T waves | ST segment elevation | Prolonged QT interval | Prolonged PR interval | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Prolonged PR interval o There are some characteristic ECG changes by digitalis use, some of which occur at therapeutic concentration and some occurs at toxic level :1. At therapeutic levelo Prolongation of PR intervalo Scooping of ST segment - Also known as digitalis wave or dig sag there is down slop... | Pharmacology | Digitalis |
7638bbe1-9ded-44df-8a27-3c49428f72d4 | A rnultilocular cyst of the jaw is more likely: | Dental cyst. | Dentigerous cyst. | Keratocyst | Simple bone cyst. | 2c | single | null | Pathology | null |
6cdc4d5a-9236-4b5b-a7e6-4c923a22b004 | All are true regarding SIADH, except - | Increased level of ADH (AHMS Nov 93) | Urine hvpoosmolar | Hyponatremia | Adequate hydration status | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Urine hypoosmolar Cardinal features of SIADH include:o Hyponatremia (dilutional hyponatremia with Na+ < 135 m mold).o Decreased plasma osmolality (<280 m osm/kg with inappropriately increased urine osmolality > 150 m osm).o High urine sodium (over 20 meq/l).o Low blood urea Nitrogen <10 mg/L.o Hypouri... | Medicine | Endocrinology |
b9fbc85e-59d5-4b42-8870-45a8f5eba164 | Medial calcification is seen in - | Atherosclerosis | Arteriolosclerosis | Monckeberg's sclerosis | Dissecting aneurysm | 2c | single | First, see types of arteries
Based on their size and structural features, arteries are divided into three types.
1. Large or Elastic arteries
Aorta
Its large branches, eg. - Innominate, Subclavian, common carotid, iliac.
Pulmonary arteries.
2. Medium sized or muscular arteries
Small branches of aorta → Coronary, Re... | Pathology | null |
bd2a25ae-44da-4f51-9b0c-e581ae6c5309 | Which of the following is the treatment of choice for cryptococcal meningitis? | Fluconazole | Itraconazole | Flucytosine | Amphotericin B | 3d | single | Amphotericin B (AMB): Antifungal spectrum AMB is active against a wide range of yeasts and fungi-Candida albicans, Histoplasma capsulatum, Cryptococcus neoformans, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Coccidioides immitis, Torulopsis, Rhodotorula, Aspergillus, Sporothrix, etc. Dermatophytes are inhibited in vitro, but concentrati... | Pharmacology | Chemotherapy |
e2957ada-da8f-47bb-a74f-544a504e07db | F body is | Y chromatin | X chromatin | Chromosome 1 | Chromosome 21 | 0a | single | Ans. (a) Y chromatin(Ref: Emery Genetics)Quinacrine, a fluorescence dye, binds strongly to the Y chromosome forming a bright fluorescent spot (F body). This is clearly visible in stained interphase cells from various tissues from the human male and in mature spermatozoa | Pathology | Genetics |
6dd1a6ba-f791-4b36-b877-91bd0f29fcd0 | A 28-year-old woman comes for treatment of hirsutism. She is obese and has facial acne and hirsutism on her face. Serum LH level is 32 mIU/mL and FSH is 9 mIU/mL. Androstenedione and testosterone levels are mildly elevated, but serum DHEAS is normal. The patient does not wish to conceive at this time. Which of the foll... | Oral contraceptives pills | Coicosteroids | GnRH analogue | Wedge resection of ovary | 0a | single | This patient has PCOS, diagnosed by Clinical picture- Obese, Facial acne and Hirsutism Abnormally High LH-to-FSH ratio, and increased androgens but Normal DHEAS(excludes Adrenal sources of Hyperandrogenism) To treat Hirsutism associated with PCOS:- OC pills suppress hair growth, act by directly suppressing ovarian ster... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome |
4eb2a7f5-0717-4064-8282-d1d2b9e27ebb | The internal anal sphincter is formed by: | Puborectalis | Circular muscle fibers | Longitudinal muscle fibers | Deep peroneal muscle | 1b | single | Ans: B (Longitudinal muscle fibers) Ref: Grays Anatomy 40th editionExplanation:Internal anal sphincterThe internal anal sphincter is a well-defined ring of obliquely orientated smooth muscle fibers that is continuous with the circular muscle of the rectum, and which terminates at the junction of the superficial and sub... | Unknown | null |
28bfc6b4-c7ae-46ce-90c1-e3fe755780a2 | Health education is the responsibility of | Health educationalist | Doctor | Paramedical staff | Every health worker | 3d | single | null | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
be13bbb0-327e-4ee4-9146-4dc06b187401 | What is the artery labeled with black arrow in the given diagram? | Posterior communicating artery | Antirior Inferior Cerebellar artery | Superior Cerebellar artery | Basilar artery | 0a | single | Ans- A . Ref- The central nervous system, like any system of the body, requires constant oxygenation and nourishment. The brain has a particularly high oxygen demand - at rest it represents one fifth of the body's total oxygen consumption. It is also very sensitive to oxygen deprivation, with ischemic cell death result... | Anatomy | Meninges & Blood Vessels of the Brain |
a0ea3064-70fe-458f-89fd-94d152772a67 | All of the following statements about cerebellar astrocytomas in paediatric age group is true, EXCEPT: | These are usually Low grade tumors | These tumors have a good prognosis | These are more commonly seen in the 1st and 2nd decades | These tumours are more common in females | 3d | multi | Cerebellar Astrocytomas are equally common in males and females and it is a low grade tumor, classified as a WHO grade I tumor. It is most commonly develop during the first two decades of life. Ref: Nelson 18th Edition, Page 2130, 2131; Harrison 17th Edition, Page 2602, 2603, 2604 | Pediatrics | null |
11933f84-5f8a-41f0-976a-71da9252c62f | Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis of the given below condition? | Cushing's syndrome | Peutz-Jegher syndrome | Scleroderma | Chronic Clofazimin usage | 1b | single | Peutz-Jegher syndrome is characterized by acral lentigenes (hyperpigmented macules on face and buccal mucosa) with hamartomatous polyps in gastrointestinal tract. | Dental | null |
5d76e00f-d836-4379-843a-b2a902ee1245 | Systemic adverse effects of long term inhaled steroids are evident only at doses more than ? | 200 mcg/day | 400 mcg/day | 600 mcg/day | 800 mcg/day | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., 600 mcg/day. lRef: KDT Vhle p. 230)Systemic effects of long-term inhaled glucocoicoids are clinically relevant only at doses > 600 mcg/day.The significant ones are-mood changes, osteoporosis, growth retardation in children, bruising, petechiae, hyperglycaemia and pituitary-adrenal suppression; several... | Pharmacology | null |
b6770f37-a239-43cb-987f-e45b81d2fb9a | Which of the following is not a feature of Crohn's disease? | Spiking fever | Enterovesical fistula/ Fecaluria | Perianal tags | Proctitis | 3d | single | Crohn's disease - Intraabdominal abscess causing spiking fever (High grade with chills & rigor) Hallmark - Fistula formation (Peri-anal fistula) - Fecaluria (Communication between the gut and Bladder; stool will come in urine) -Rectum is spared -MC pa involve is T. ileum -Proctitis- usually a feature of UC. MC pa invol... | Medicine | Inflammatory Bowel Disease |
a02aef9e-52fe-4e18-9aff-3b1a6918b2a0 | All of the following statements about atrial myxomas are true, except: | Most common site is left atrium | More common in females | Tumor plop in systole | Raynaud phenomenon | 2c | multi | * Tumour plop sound is a low pitch sound heard in diastole when the tumour impacts against the opening mitral valve. * Myxomas- present with peripheral or pulmonary emboli or with constitutional signs and symptoms- fever, weight loss, cachexia, Raynaud's phenomenon, hypergammaglobulinemia, anemia, polycythemia, leukocy... | Medicine | Murmurs |
6e26126a-be71-4d34-8e98-36d5ecbe86f8 | Which of the following adaptations will be apt to increase the work capacity at high altitude | Increasing workload, decreasing duration of exercise | Increasing workload, increasing duration of exercise | Decreasing workload, increasing duration of exercise | Decreasing workload, decreasing duration of exercise | 2c | single | If we increase the workload, more oxygen will be required. At high altitudes oxygen is low. So we need to decrease the workload. At the same time, to increase the work capacity, we need to increase the duration of exercise without increasing the load. | Physiology | null |
cb3d6478-1eb7-4599-82d0-b05d8cb5bf85 | A 55 year old female patient has carcinoma ovary with bilateral involvement with ascitic fluid in the abdomen. The stage is: | II | III | IV | IC | 3d | single | null | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
f30b0733-99d0-42a7-ac4f-dd0564bdcff9 | In which of the following conditions ovaries function normally | Turner s syndrome | Mayer rokitansky kuster hauser | Androgen insensitivity syndrome | Sweyer's syndrome | 1b | multi | Turners syndrome has streak ovaries AIS is a genotypic male 46 XY with testes and a female phenotype (insensitivity to androgens produced by testes) Swyers syndrome is a 46 XY female where the testes are non-functional and hence a default female form is made MRKH is a woman with normal ovaries but no Uterus. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Mullerian Abnormalities |
550214d2-e68e-4631-aad8-380bc52ffb9f | True about electroretinogram? | a wave is a positive wave | a wave arises from pigment epithelium | b wave arises from rods and cones | c wave is a positive wave | 3d | multi | ELECTRORETINOGRAPHY( ERG ): Measures the changes in the resting potential of the eye, induced by the stimulation of the eye with a light stimulus. Components : *'a' wave - Negative wave, representing the activity of Rods and Cones *'b' wave - Positive wave, representing the activity of inner retinal layers. *'c' wave -... | Ophthalmology | Optics and refraction |
8eb295b6-dd0a-4106-8255-d1174793e2c9 | Which of the following statement is true about colostrum? 1. Secreted after 11 days of childbih 2. Rich in Immunoglobulin 3. Contains more protein than milk 4. Contains less fat than milk 5. Daily secretion is about 10ml/day | 1,2,3 False & 4,5 True | 2,3,4 True & 1,5 False | 2,3,4 False & 1,5 True | 1,2,4 True & 3,5 False | 1b | multi | Colostrum is very rich in proteins, vitamin A and sodium chloride, but contains lower amounts of carbohydrates, lipids, and potassium than normal milk. Colostrum contains immunoglobulins such as IgA, IgG, and IgM. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
6fb940fa-195e-4e4c-96b6-cba99d416a46 | The type of suture represented by sagittal suture of the cranial vault is | Serrate | Denticulate | Squamous | Plane | 0a | single | The joints in the skull are mostly sutures.
Various types of sutures in the skull are,
Plane suture - Eg. Internasal suture, mid palatal suture.
Serrated suture - Eg. Sagittal and coronal suture (interparietal suture).
Denticulate suture - Tooth like projections. Eg. Lambdoid suture.
Squamous suture - Eg. Parieto-temp... | Anatomy | null |
95985c68-1219-4f3b-aea4-a5a0727f4a36 | Arrange the following in sequence occurring in fed state 1. Insulin 2. GLUT-2 3. Uptake of glucose by skeletal muscles 4. GLUT-4 | 2-1-3-4 | 4-2-3-1 | 2-1-4-3 | 1-3-4-2 | 2c | single | During Fed state GLUT-2 = Insulin = GLUT-4 = Uptake of glucose by skeletal muscles | Biochemistry | Fuel in Fed, Fasting and Starvation |
418f15eb-c457-4565-a5fa-25fd17ec52d2 | Dissemination of toxoplasma is : | Blood | Faeces | Urine | None of the above | 0a | multi | Blood | Microbiology | null |
a1ca185d-b981-4344-9c5f-ae2d7ce130f4 | Why is Covid-19 a major global concern despite the propey of influenza to spread faster than Covid-19 ? | Median incubation period is more in influenza | Reproductive number for covid-19 is 2-2.5 | Serial interval is 5-6 days in influenza | Reproductive number for Influenza is more | 1b | single | Influenza Covid-19 Median incubation period 2 days 5.5 days Serial interval 3 days 5-6 days Moality 0.1% 3% Though Influenza spreads faster than covid 19 but moality and reproductive number is higher for covid-19 due to which it is a disease of global concern . Reproductive number- No. of secondary infections generated... | Medicine | viral infection |
ad0ab14c-d7a1-48ca-a6c7-15ea24c5dc3c | Chloroquine acts on - | Merozoites | Blood schizont | Tissue schiont | Gametocytes | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Blood schizont o Chloroquine is highly effective blood schizontocide. | Pharmacology | null |
323cebdc-1b1a-4fa0-840a-f45c883ee0f5 | About infective endocarditis (IE), the following is false: | Duke’s criteria is used to diagnose IE | Libman Sack’s endocarditis is seen in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | Osler’s nodes are seen at the occiput and pressure bearing areas | Janeway lesions are present on the skin | 2c | multi | Osler's Nodes are seen in the pulp of fingers. | Medicine | null |
34abac41-f6c6-4080-a8da-aca7d8ba86e3 | Senescent RBC&;s are mainly attcked in - | Vivax malaria | Ovale malaria | Falciparum malaria | Quaan | 3d | single | Plasmodium malariae causes quaan malaria, in which febrile paroxysms occur every fouh day, with 72 hours' interval between the bouts. The disease is generally mild, but is notorious for its long persistence in circulation in undetectable levels, for 50 years or more.The sporozoites are relatively thick. Pre-erythrocyti... | Microbiology | parasitology |
4580f799-4135-4584-9148-396a75a554b9 | An increased incidence of pancreatitis is associated with all of the following except? | Alcoholism | Cholelithiasis | Chlorothiazide therapy | Hypertension | 3d | multi | Ans- (d) HypertensionRef: Robbings pathology 9th ed. /884-86* Acute pancreatitis is seen chiefly in males after age 40 and often associated with obesity and alcoholism.* In about 50 percent of the cases, gallstones are also present.* Pancreatitis occurs in about 10 percent of cases of hyperparathyroidism* Long term Thi... | Pathology | G.I.T. |
0fff6189-1b16-4193-8f91-1809e1022f0f | Distance of distant direct ophthalmoscopy is: March 2013 (a, b, c, d, g, h) | 22 cm | 50 cm | 75 cm | 100 cm | 0a | single | Ans. A i.e. 22 cm Distant direct ophthalmoscopy Used to get a preliminary idea about the status of the ocular media and fundu This should be done routinely before doing a direct ophthalmoscopy Equipment needed - self illuminated ophthalmoscope or plane mirror with a hole in centre Procedure Should be performed in a sem... | Ophthalmology | null |
97588d92-bd0a-4cb4-b493-cab9241cc45f | Mannitol decreases the intraocular pressure by ? | Withdrawing water from vitreous | Increasing uveoscleral outflow | Increasing aqueous through trabecular meshwork | Inhibiting the enzyme carbonic anhydrase in the ciliary body | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Withdrawing water from vitreous By osmotic action mannitol encourages movement of water from aqueous humour --> decrease. Mannitol is used in angle closure (narrow angle, acute congestive) glaucoma. Treatment of acute congestive glaucoma o Definitive therapy is surgery (laser iridotomy) Drugs are used... | Pharmacology | null |
60f2fd8e-eb69-45e5-8e13-4c1b265eb69d | Time sector scanning of neonates is preferred for the following reason ? | Open fontanelles | Inexpensive | Children more co-operative | Better resolution | 0a | single | Time sector scanning of neonates is preferred because of the practical reason the open fontanelle serve as acoustic windows. Best results are obtained with a high-frequency phased array transducer (5-8 MHz) with a small footprint probe. Additional information : Neurosonography stas with gray-scale imaging performed the... | Radiology | Fundamentals in Radiology |
39931b13-b8de-4a91-9ad0-69a7c697d54f | Which of the following is a feature of congenital glaucoma? | Angle closure glaucoma | Open angle glaucoma | Trabeculodysgenesis | Inflammatory glaucoma | 2c | single | Trabeculodysgenesis is the main pathogenesis for congenital glaucoma. Pathogenesis of Congenital Glaucoma Pathogenesis: Abnormal development of angle (trabeculodysgenesis) (Berkens Membrane). Flat iris inseion. Haab's stria : Horizontal Stria present in glaucoma. - Classical triad of lacrimation, photophobia & blepharo... | Ophthalmology | Glaucoma |
c91a9100-38ca-47fd-a41e-94e7a5c60293 | Transovarian transmission of infection occurs in - | Fleas | Ticks | Mosquitoes | Sandfly | 1b | single | Ticks transmit disease by biting (larva and nymph also by biting) - Trans-stadially Experiments in ticks have shown trans-ovarian transmission of infection through successive generations. REF: PARK'S TEXTBOOK OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICINE, 25TH EDITION, PG NO. 840 | Social & Preventive Medicine | Environment and health |
981d303b-a085-48e6-b354-313f65da4ca7 | Ramu presents with recurrent attacks of cholelithiasis, USG examination shows dilated CBD of 1 cm. The next line of management is | ERCP | PTC | Cholecystostomy | Intravenous cholangiogram | 0a | single | ERCP Endoscopic clearance of CBD stones can avoid the need for an open operation if expeise in laparoscopic common bile duct exploration is not available Indications of preoperative ERCP Patients with worsening cholangitis Ampullaru stone impaction Biliary pancreatitis Cirrhosis Contraindications of endoscopic sphincte... | Anatomy | G.I.T |
1adabc58-0183-40ab-868a-b6c58d92aaec | Philadelphia chromosome is an example of - | Balanced translocation | Deletion | Non-dysjunction | Duplication | 0a | single | null | Pathology | null |
c3d8e2d3-601f-4600-9040-1861413353dc | All of the following are employed to evaluate a case of heterophoria except: | Maddox-rod test | Alternate cover test | Measurement of fusional reserve | Measurement of near point of convergence | 1b | multi | Ans. Alternate cover test | Ophthalmology | null |
e5e50625-979e-49bb-80b6-16b36181be5b | Which complex of ETC reacts directly with O2? | I | II | III | IV | 3d | single | Complex IV: Cyt-c Oxidase The system functions: * As proton pump * Catalyses transfer of electrons to molecular O2 to form H2O. This is the terminal component of ETC. It catalyses the transfer of electrons from Cyt-c to molecular O2 Cyt-a, Cu++ ions and Cyt-a3.Ref: MN Chatterjea Textbook of Medical Biochemistry, 8th ed... | Biochemistry | Respiratory chain |
ac3b92d2-4bd5-43c3-a99c-a2bd848854a2 | The most impoant single function of World Health Organization is? | Prevention and control of specific diseases | Development of comprehensive health services | Health literature & Information | Biomedical research | 1b | single | WHO : Established in 1945. Constitution came into force on 7th April 1948. Hence, 7th April is WORLD HEALTH DAY. Head quaers is located in GENEVA. WHD 2018,2019 Theme is Universal health coverage. WHO's most impoant single function is to promote and suppo national health policy development and the development of compre... | Social & Preventive Medicine | International health agencies |
3296d685-2c76-43e0-89c5-cdabe0d73558 | Pituitary secretes all hormones except ? | GH | Prolactin | Oxytocin | Thyroxine | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Thyroxine | Unknown | null |
6f3c1803-0b17-419d-9f29-feb894f22874 | The least radiosensitive tissue is: | Nervous tissue | Bone | Kidney | Thyroid | 0a | single | Ans. Nervous tissue | Radiology | null |
9b2e70e7-0a88-4b1c-a685-ec6b90479c08 | Which of the following is determined by measuring sciatic notch index in a skeleton? | Determination of age | Identification of sex | Determination of race | Cause of death | 1b | single | Sciatic notch index is a trait used for differentiating sex by measuring sciatic notch. Formula is, Sciatic notch index = (width of sciatic notch/depth of sciatic notch) * 100 It is normally 4-5 in males and 5-6 in females Ref: Essentials of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology by Narayan Reddy, 27th edition, Page 56. | Forensic Medicine | null |
cf08c92d-9e95-40b4-9b60-be8e4133d2c4 | A two year old male child was given 8 days of cefaclor of a 10 days course. The child develops low grade fever, malaise lymphadenopathy, irritability, generalized erythematous rash which are mildly pruritic. Most probable diagnosis is | Kawasaki disease | Paially treated meningitis | Infectious mononucleosis | Type 3 hypersensitivity | 3d | multi | Type 3 hypersensitivity (Repeat) | Surgery | null |
42b4b80b-41a7-4bf9-920c-770c85df12e3 | Not involved in damage to cerebellum:March 2010 | Posture | Equilibrium | Asthenia | Tone | 2c | single | Ans. C: AstheniaSigns of Cerebellar DisordersAtaxia, Reeling, wide-based gait- decomposition of movements, Inability to correctly sequence fine, coordinated actsDysahria-Inability to aiculate words correctly, with slurring and inappropriate phrasingDysdiadochokinesia-Inability to perform rapid alternating movementsDysm... | Anatomy | null |
580d99ef-2c6f-44af-b9c8-ce96c9b84c27 | Game keepers thumb is - | Thumb metacarpophalangeal joint ulnar collateral ligament rupture | Thumb metacarpophalangeal joint radial collateral ligament rupture | Thumb interphalangeal joint ulnar collateral ligament rupture | Thumb interphalangeal joint radial collateral ligament rupture | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Thumb metacarpophalangeal joint ulnar collateral ligament ruptureo Injury to the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint ulnar collateral ligament is commonly referred to as gamekeeper thumb orskierfs thumb, although the original "gamekeeper" description (Campbell, 1955) referred to an attritional ulnar colla... | Orthopaedics | Injuries of the Wrist |
5b9a5111-52cd-44ba-bd87-41c60ba0442d | Right esotropia is evident with ? | Left lateral rectus paralysis | Right lateral rectus paralysis | Left medial rectus paralysis | Right medial rectus paralysis | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Left lateral rectus paralysis | Ophthalmology | null |
e212ab04-3a55-4284-8023-2ee77647ff8e | Candida is most often implicated in causation -( | Conjunctivitis | Tinea capitis | Dese rheumatism | Thrush | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Thrush | Microbiology | null |
e8c4a4c8-8ce5-4dd9-bbd5-d61de966aaa9 | Oral pills may prevent the development of: March 2011 | Carcinoma breast | Ovarian malignancy | Submucus fibroid | All of the above | 1b | multi | Ans. B: Ovarian malignancy Combined oral pills reduce the incidence of functional ovarian cysts (50%) and ovarian and uterine malignancy The incidence of ovarian cancer is reduced by 40% OCP: They are contraceptive agent of choice in: - Newly married - Post aboal - Post paum non-lactating OCP of choice in lactating mot... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
0a9c1b39-d2b6-442b-ab22-b9b8b5994052 | Sorghum contains excess of | Lycine | Arginine | Leucine | Histidine | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Leucine o Jowar (Sorghum) contains excess of leucine which can cause niacine deficiency and pellagra. | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
153a3722-ab45-4240-943f-203bd93b68de | Transport of molecules in simple diffusion is not determined by: | ATP usage | Size of molecule | Lipid solubility | Number of channels | 0a | single | Ref: Pal GK. Transport across Cel! membrane. In: Textbook of medical physiology. 2""' ed. Abuja publishing house. 2011: 4: 32,33.Explanation:Permeability of substances across the membrane is decided by1. Lipid - solubility2. Molecular size3. Charge of the molecule4. Temperature5. Distribution of channels in the membran... | Physiology | Nervous System |
0051af9f-8cc4-4dae-a5b0-937e2ff9da3c | Campbell line is seen in X-ray of following projection | Transcranial | Transorbital | Transpharyngeal | Occipitomental | 3d | single | null | Surgery | null |
ea090ecc-a122-4016-927f-71c7205c3450 | A wave in JVP is due to- | Atrial contraction | Ventricular filling | Atrial filling | Bulging of tricuspid valve in right atrium | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Atrial contraction JUGULAR VENOUS PULSEa waveIt is the positive presystolic wave produced by right atrial contraction.x descenta wave is followed by the negative systolic wave the x ' descent. The x descent is produced due to atrial relaxation. The atrial relaxation is produced as a result of ventricu... | Physiology | Heart, Circulation, and Blood |
f606b723-bf31-4390-a1e7-c95d86c0e0c6 | A patient after giving inhalational anaestheia developed fulminant hepatitis, patient was exposed to same drug previously. Which is the drug | Halothane | N20 | Enflurane | Isoflurane | 0a | single | The first modern halogenated volatile anesthetic, halothane, was introduced in 1955. Clinical exposure to halothane is associated with two distinct types of hepatic injury. Subclinical hepatotoxicity occurs in 20% of adults who receive halothane. It is characterized by mild postoperative elevations in alanine aminotran... | Anaesthesia | General anaesthesia |
0190a5fb-0001-4a33-8c3d-8871f973d640 | In which case lymph nodes are resected prophylactically - | Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma | Liposarcoma | Fibrosarcoma | Neurofibroma | 0a | multi | Ans is 'a' ie Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma Soft tissue sarcomas metastasises through blood to lung (MC) & liver but lymphatic metastasis is very rare. Still some sarcomas metastasize to lymph nodes. Prophylactic resection is required in them along with resection of the tumor. "Rhabdomyosarcoma a tumor of striated muscle,... | Surgery | null |
cfef5f66-0d0e-4d7d-83b6-cee52c15910a | Which of the following features indicates the presence of heart disease in pregnancy and which is not seen in normal pregnancy? | Exertional dyspnea | Distended neck veins | Systemic hypotension | Pedal edema | 1b | single | Ans. is b, i.e. Distended neck veinsRef. Williams Obs. 22/e, p 1019, 23/e, p 960, Dutta Obs. 7/e, p 275Many of the physiological adaptations of normal pregnancy and physical findings resemble heart disease symptoms and signs, making the diagnosis of heart disease more difficult.For example, in normal pregnancy, functio... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Medical & Surgical Illness Complication Pregnancy |
0a4b5d68-35b7-4ec4-abf7-88635517fc04 | Early movement for surgery following ankylosis is | Harmful | Desirable | Unimportant | Indicated only when ankylosis is one sided | 1b | single | null | Surgery | null |
00194855-6308-40eb-84cb-eb9399229b02 | Which of the following is preferred in treating opioid induced constipation | Linaclotide | Lubipristone | Alvimopan | Prucalopride | 2c | single | Alvimopan is a peripheral opioid antagonist used against opioid induced constipation. | Pharmacology | null |
a065a49e-e112-417c-ae77-ae228b1ff9fb | Distance of distant direct ophthalmoscopy: | 25 cms | 50 cms | 75 cms | 100 cms | 0a | single | Distant Direct Ophthalmoscopy Distance at which DDO performed is 25cm done with direct ophthalmoscope. contains light source viewing window. Normally red glow seen Interpretations Red glow= healthy retina Grey glow = Retinal Detachment No glow = vitreous haemorrhage Black spot in centre = cataract or corneal opacity GO... | Ophthalmology | Optics and Errors of Refraction |
938eb4c6-bcfe-4103-83e3-554508dd0b7e | For knowing the acute adverse effects of a drug, the drug micro doses should be tested on: | Two different species | On rabbit, one rodent | Two rabbits | Two rodents | 0a | single | Ans. (a) Two different speciesType of TestApproachAcute toxicityDefined as dose that is lethal in approximately 50% of animals and is maximum tolerated dose.It requires usually two species, two routes, single dose.Subacute toxicityIt requires three doses and two species. 4 weeks to 3 months may be necessary prior to cl... | Pharmacology | Clinical Trials |
1d11bdbb-06a3-4c9d-95fd-89b964b591aa | A patient undergoing surgery suddenly develops hypotension. The monitor shows that the end tidal CO2 has decreased abruptly by 155mm Hg. What is the probable diagnosis? | Hypothermia | Pulmonary embolism | Massive fluid deficit | Myocardial depression due to anaesthetic agent | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e. pulmonary embolism Ref: Miller's anesthesia 5th/e p1276First what is end tidal CO2The air exhaled during normal respiration initially consists of the dead space. Then a mixture of dead space air plus alveolar air comes out. The air coming out at the end consists purely of alveolar air.Measurement of co... | Surgery | Heart & Pericardium |
8eb0eb03-69ac-42b8-8627-c3be71dae47d | A new born baby with acute respiratory distress on day 1. X Ray chest PA view showed neumerous gas luscencies in entire left hemithorax, most likely diagnosis is | Congenital lobar Emphysema | Pneumatocoel hernia | Congenital diaphragmatic hernia | Congenital lung cyst | 2c | single | C i.e. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia Left sided & whole lung involvementQ points towards diagnosis of Congenital diaphragmatic hernia, Cong. cystic .adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) and Congenital lobar emphysema all can present with multicystic Contralateral mediastinal shift & respiratory distress. | Radiology | null |
e438d2da-1b4e-4ccd-acd2-ce913579c7bf | Best marker for GIST is | CD117 | DOG 1 | CD 34 | CD 43 | 0a | single | Diagnostic markers GISTs and cajal cells express c-KIT (also known as CD117) and CD34. Most useful diagnostic marker is c-KIT and immunohistochemically detected in 95% of gastric GISTs GENERAL AND SYSTEMIC PATHOLOGY RAMDAS NAYAK FIRST EDITION PAGE 390 | Pathology | G.I.T |
ef2e5ddd-b4c8-4cd7-bf08-331d907c7d6e | Main risk in fracture Scaphoid is: | Non union | Malunion | Delayed union | Avascular necrosis | 3d | single | D i.e. Avascular necrosis | Surgery | null |
618c87f7-7a3d-4dd1-88fb-b2ec732fbc78 | Alkaline phosphatase contains | Cobalt | Zinc | Iron | Copper | 1b | single | ALP is a nonspecific enzyme which hydrolyzes aliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic compounds. the pH optimum for the enzyme reaction is between 9 and 10.it is activated by magnesium and manganese. zinc is a constituent ion of ALP.Ref: DM Vasudevan Biochemistry, page no: 305 | Biochemistry | Enzymes |
a85a15ac-6e1e-49f2-8868-3897d5ff6606 | True about Merkel cells | Slow adapting Touch receptors | Located in Stratum Basale | Derived from Ectoderm | All of the above | 3d | multi | Merkel cells They are slow-adapting mechanoreceptors found in fingeips, lips, oral cavity, and hair follicle. 1) Found in stratum basale; communicate with neurons 2) CK20+ in perinuclear dot pattern sensitive/ specific for Merkel cells; also (+) for neurofilaments, S100, synaptophysin, chromogranin A, vasoactive intest... | Dental | Anatomy of skin |
ff8e579a-9a36-4ad7-a9f4-56450ee9b163 | A patient is referred to the neurologist because of ataxia. Neurological examination reveals a loss of proprioception and a wide-based, slapping gate. Magnetic resonance imaging reveals degeneration of the dorsal columns and dorsal roots of the spinal cord. Which of the following organisms is most likely to have caused... | Haemophilus influenzae | Herpes simplex I | Neisseria gonorrhoeae | Treponema pallidum | 3d | multi | The findings described are those of tabes dorsalis, a form of teiary syphilis caused by Treponema pallidum. Tabes dorsalis, and other forms of teiary syphilis, are now uncommon in this country, possibly because the common use of antibiotics may "treat" many unsuspected cases of syphilis. Haemophilus influenzae and Neis... | Microbiology | null |
219a4732-bfe5-4ad0-aa2d-fcfe6119e513 | Lymph flow is increased by all except | Increased vascular permeability | Decreased capillary osmotic pressure | Increase in interstitial fluid | Decreased interstitial osmotic pressure | 3d | multi | Any factor that increases interstitial fluid pressure also increases lymph flow if the lymph vessels are functioning normally. Such factors include the following: * Elevated capillary hydrostatic pressure * Decreased plasma colloid osmotic pressure * Increased interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure * Increased per... | Physiology | Cardiovascular system |
66fb9bee-4d05-4508-9644-f1704b5f4f03 | Which of the following is not expected in a case of Microcytic Hypochromic Anemia: | Reduced serum Iron | Reduced Total RBC distribution Width | Normal Ferritin levels | Increased TIBC | 1b | single | Answer is B (Reduced Total RBC distribution width Microcytic Hypochromic Anemias are typically associated with a Normal or High Red Cell Distribution Width Condition Test (normal values) Iron deficiency Thalassemia Sideroblastic anemia Anemia of chronic disease Smear Microcytic (MCV<80) Microcytic hypochromic Microcyti... | Medicine | null |
24bb1f75-9ee7-4a84-8f82-5c995bc27aee | True about anaesthesia breathing circuit is | Cylinder is a pa of high pressure system | Oxygen flush delivers less than 35 litres | Oxygen flush delivers more than 135 litres | Pipelines is a pa of low pressure system | 0a | multi | Cylinders -High pressure system Pipelines -Intermediate pressure system Oxygen Flush delivers 30 to 75lts and it is a pa of intermediate pressure system | Anaesthesia | Anaesthetic equipments |
3ab4f0c8-c177-4380-8372-a1ff7e34896d | Edema is due to | Increased albumin in blood and decreased globin | Decreased albumin conc. in blood | Increased osmotic pressure | None of the above | 1b | multi | null | Pathology | null |
c17667e9-2ddd-428a-8b20-90d2478b3bc1 | Widening of intercondylar notch of femur is seen in | Osteoarthritis | Rheumatoid arthritis | Hemophiliac Artheopathy | Charcot's joint | 2c | single | null | Orthopaedics | null |
b40df268-b747-4175-8927-ce80576c1625 | Type-II error is | Rejecting true null hypothesis | Rejecting false null hypothesis | Accepting true null hypothesis | Accepting false null hypothesis | 3d | multi | In statistical hypothesis testing a type I error is the rejection of a true null hypothesis (also known as a "false positive" finding or conclusion), while a type II error is the non-rejection of a false null hypothesis (also known as a "false negative" finding or conclusion). Much of statistical theory revolves around... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Biostatistics |
bc3daeab-d3a7-4da7-b4d2-8549093e342e | A college student is surprised one morning by painful urination and a cream-colored exudate. Any person who acquires the gram-negative microbe that causes this infection is most likely to have acquired it via which of the following? | GI tract | Genitourinary tract | Nasal tract | Respiratory tract | 1b | single | The respiratory tract is a common portal of entry to such airborne organisms as M. tuberculosis. This is why respiratory precautions must be taken when patients are harboring viable M. tuberculosis. The GI tract is usually infected from ingestion of contaminated food or water (Shigella, Salmonella, and Campylobacter) o... | Microbiology | Bacteria |
4537a3b3-80d0-40ea-b854-f79adc170116 | Most teratogenic in pregnancy | Phenytoin | Valproate | Barbiturate | Ethosuximide | 1b | single | Valproate is the most teratogenic, phenytoin also isn't safe. Phenobarbitone, lamotrigine, topiramate are relatively safe drugs but 4mg folic acid is required per day. Ref: KD Tripathi 8th ed. | Pharmacology | Central Nervous system |
b1c76634-d18f-4664-b008-c40c4e8badc2 | . Peutz Jeghers polyps present most commonly in | Rectum | Colon | Esophagus | Jejunum | 3d | single | Jejunum [Ref: Oxford textbook of medicine: Sections 18-33, Volume 3 By David A. Warrell 2005/e p6431 Oxford textbook of medicine writes- "The syndrome stigmata are obvious with multiple pigmented spots on the lips and buccal mucosa, and multiple benign hamaomatous polyps throughout the gastrointestinal tract, most freq... | Surgery | null |
8f5e4dac-97a9-4e2b-bf88-dacb300241ef | True about anthropoid pelvis, sacrosciatic notch is : | Wide and shallow | Wide and deep | Narrow and shallow | Narrow and deep | 0a | multi | Wide and shallow | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
3afb4faf-3ac8-4476-84f9-f782557b0d57 | For foreign body causing sudden choking, most appropriate first line of management is? | Tracheostomy | Heimlich maneuver | Airway insertion | Laryngoscopy | 1b | single | ANSWER: (B) Heimlich maneuverREF: Dhingras 4th ed p. 257Management of Laryngeal foreign body:A large bolus of food/ foreign body obstructed above the cords may make the patient totally aphonic, unable to cry for help. He may die of asphyxia unless immediate first aid measures are taken.H eimlichJs maneuvers: S udden th... | Anaesthesia | Fundamental Concepts |
fa745ea0-a53b-4f4b-a46b-a619e6473f3a | The following statements are related to occipito posterior except | Malrotation of occiput may cause occipito sacral arrest | 10% cases are associated with anthrapoid or android pelvis | Incomplete forward rotation of occiput may cause deep transverse arrest | Non rotation of occiput may cause are associated | 1b | multi | In more than 50% the occipito posterior position is associated with either anthrapoid or android pelvis | Anatomy | Abnormal labor |
6cf5dd50-4fc0-4feb-a46d-0d6b1d0e879e | Basal ganglia is involved in which types of memory | Conditioning | Procedural memory | Explicit memory | None | 1b | multi | Procedural memory is required to do normal activities and it is from basal ganglia that the impulses for this arise. Therefore basal ganglia are involved in planning and programming of movements there fore is the site for procedural memory. Ganongs review of medical physiology; 23rd edition; pg:251. | Physiology | Nervous system |
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