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135
b2edd57b-e014-4684-a96d-50f5ae8fdf67
Which of the following is not an indication for endotracheal intubation?
Maintenance of a patent airway
To provide positive pressure ventilation
Pulmonary toilet
Pneumothorax
3d
single
Pneumothorax requires urgent needle thoracocentesis and/or Intercostal drainage. Pneumothorax is a known complication of endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation and is certainly not an indication for the same.
Anaesthesia
null
195e561a-fa38-4b4e-8cb2-7bea8a341f6e
Teratogenicity results when drugs are given during
First trimester
Second trimester
Third trimester
Soon after birth
0a
single
null
Pharmacology
null
8947773f-c860-47d1-8925-7e68d53e727c
Balloon valvotomy is successful in all of the following cases except –
Congenital pulmonary stenosis
Calcified mitral stenosis
Mitral stenosis is pregnancy
Congenital aortic stenosis
1b
multi
It is indicated in MS without calcification.
Pediatrics
null
107edbc2-a5f7-4783-85b0-d39ea8c30f8f
Hep Burn Osteometric board is used to measure-
Length of long bones
Length of flat bones
Breadth of long bones
Breadth of flat bones
0a
single
Ans. 'a' i.e., Length of long bones o Hep Bum Osteometric board is used to accurately measure length of long bones.Hepburn Osteometric Boardo It is ait instrument used to measure length oflong bones.o It has a rectangular base with ruler fixed along one of its long sides,o An upright is fixed at one end of the board an...
Forensic Medicine
Identification - Medicolegal aspects
5b9579e8-d52e-44ac-b3e5-3f2e4a5bc4e1
Which of the following drugs should be given in a patient with acute angle closure glaucoma .except
Pilocarpine
Clozapine
Fluphenazine
Paroxentine
0a
multi
Three drugs in the option i.e clozapine,fluph fluphen,paroxentine have anti-cholinergic propeies and should be avoided in angle closure glaucoma. Ref-KDT 6/e p426
Pharmacology
Autonomic nervous system
63f1f5be-3082-4248-94a7-97a2dd1e61de
Which among the following drug is contra-indicated in renal failure?
Pethidine
Morphine
Fentanyl
Atracurium
0a
single
Renal failure patients given repeated doses of pethidine are prone to experience similar effects. All the other drugs are safe in renal failure. Ref: KD Tripathi 8th ed
Pharmacology
Central Nervous system
5ee0e0a5-dc18-4ba9-83b0-17a317e87dc2
Male-female differentiation of fetus occurs at
2-4 weeks
10-12 weeks
16-18 weeks
24-26 weeks
1b
single
Genotype of embryo is established at feilization. But male and female embryos are phenotypically distinguishbletill week 6. Ref: Gray's 39e/p-1289
Anatomy
General anatomy
f52e0e55-bd70-4cc5-8b9a-9afe6f6fac82
Synthesis of protein occurs on:
Mitochondria
Poly ribosomes
Nucleus
Golgi bodies
1b
single
null
Biochemistry
null
3dcdb838-a988-4a97-8ce7-6a1826bc641a
Traditionally scrotal carcinoma is associated with which of the following occupations?
Chimney sweeps
Mule spinners
Coal worker
Wood workers
0a
multi
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Chimney sweeps & 'b' i.e., Mule spinners * Carcinoma of the scrotum.* It is traditionally recognized as an occupational hazard for chimney sweeps and mule spinners.* It was described by Potts.* Unlike carcinoma of the penis, carcinoma of the scrotum is almost unknown in India and Asiatic countries.* T...
Surgery
Testis & Scrotum
d7356a09-d2d2-4a60-9aa0-4fc56b563190
Which of the following organism causes a life-threatening gastroenteritis as a result of use of a broad spectrum antimicrobial agents
Bacillus cereus
Bacillus anthracis
Clostridium botulinum
Clostridium difficile
3d
single
The use of broad spectrum antibiotics such as ampicillin and clindamycin has been associated with pseudomembranous colitis. Antibiotic administration results in the proliferation of drug resistant C. difficile that produces Toxin A (a potent enterotoxin with cytotoxic activity) and Toxin B (a potent cytotoxin). This di...
Microbiology
Bacteriology
b28d10d6-957f-4829-b031-6b60b0af1a2a
Hep-2 cells are a type of-
Primary cell cultures
Diploid cell strain
Continuous cell lines
Explant culture
2c
single
Ans. is 'c', i.e. Continous cell lines
Microbiology
null
77e93ead-40cb-41f2-b642-bb8a4ce20c7d
Botulinum toxin acts by
Secretion of Ach
Synthesis of ACh
Inhibits Ach release
Muscle nerve block
2c
single
Ref: HL Sharma 3rd ed pg no:133 botulinum toxin and beta-bungaro toxin inhibits the release of Ach into the synapse
Pharmacology
Autonomic nervous system
009e7a81-382e-4a7a-b8f1-b1a3ee60f8eb
The commonest pancreatic tumor is:
Ductal adenocarcinoma
Cystadenoma
Insulinoma
Non islet cell tumor
0a
single
M/C type - Adenocarcinoma Non-specific Tumour Marker - CEA Specific Tumour Marker - CA 19.9 Chemotherapy Regimen - Gemcitabine MC site of metastasis - Liver M/C site for CA pancreas - Head > Body > Tail Neuroendocrine Tumors (NET) of Pancreas- M/C NET of Pancreases - Non-Functional (PPOMA)- M/C functional NET of Pancre...
Surgery
Pancreas
366aafd0-e8f7-4e67-88f6-606b2cd02ca8
Bite cells are characteristic of -
G6PD deficiency
Thallasemia
Hereditary spherocytosis
Sideroblastic anaemia
0a
multi
Exposure of G6PD deficient red cells to high levels of oxidants causes cross linking of reactive sulfhydril groups on globin chains which become denatured and form membrane bound precipitates known as Heinz bodies. As inclusion bearing red cells pass through the splenic cords, macrophages pluck out the Heinz bodies. As...
Pathology
Haematology
d5dff6dd-595e-4e6e-93cf-ff6c3b3d673f
A four year old boy Tinu has normal developmental milestones except delayed speech. He is interested to watch spinning objects like fan and the washing machine. His parents struggle to get him interested in other children at home. People often comment that he is disinterested and self centred. What will be your thought...
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Sibling Rivalry
Mental retardation
Specific learning disability
0a
multi
Tinu's presentation is that of poor 'theory of mind' or lack of perspective taking, poor communication and social skills and obsessive interests in spinning objects, which is common in ASD (autism spectrum disorder). Autism is characterized by triad of impaired social development, disturbed communication and language a...
Psychiatry
null
d20edab9-27cb-4964-b732-77c9e901f8f9
True about Arboviruses is -
Yellow fever is endemic in India
Dengue has only one serotype
KFD was first identified in West Bengal
Chikungunya is transmitted by Aedes aegypti
3d
multi
- chikungunya is a disease caused by group A virus, the chikungunya virus and transmitted by Aedes aegypti. - KFD was first recognized inas Shimoga district of Karnataka in India. - India is a yellow fever receptive area, that is an area in which yellow fever does not exist, but where conditions would permit it's devel...
Social & Preventive Medicine
Communicable diseases
4e2c1655-75d3-40f8-ab8e-b4b3d1e887fb
NADPH oxidase deficiency causes impaired immunity which of the follwoing process?
Chedickhigasi syndrome
Chronic granulomatous disease
Leucocyte adhesion defect type 1
Leucocyte adhesion defect type 2
1b
single
Chronic granulomatous disease is a rare, X-linked deficiency of NADPH oxidase activity which drastically impairs the ability of macrophages and neutrophils to destroy pathogens. Patients are especially vulnerable to mycobacteria, E coli, and staphylococcus since these organisms produces catalase to defend themselves ag...
Biochemistry
null
6bf37d4b-282d-46f4-9051-d116a86a3933
A patient presented with numbness of little and ring finger, atrophy of hypothenar muscles. The nerve damaged will be?
Palmar cutaneous branch of ulnar
Deep branch of ulnar
Ulnar nerve before division into superficial and deep branches
Posterior cord of brachial plexus
2c
single
This is a case of cubital tunnel syndrome, which is caused by compression or irritation of the ulnar nerve as it passes under the medial epicondyle before it branches to deep and superficial branches. Symptoms are usually tingling and numbness in the cutaneous distribution of the ulnar nerve. In severe cases, muscle we...
Anatomy
null
e1ea8dcc-206e-4e9e-9a8f-8e453a6b27ff
An elderly male accompanied by his son.The son tells his father has fever, cough, shoness of breath since 2 weeks. The patient is a known case of chronic bronchitis and diabetes. Travel history to Wuhan City, China is present. What is the symmetry of the causative virus?
Naked helical symmetry
complex symmetry
Enveloped helical symmetry
Icosahedral symmetry
2c
single
The patient is suffering from coronavirus disease 2019. The symmetry of the causative virus is enveloped helical symmetry. Coronaviridae is a family of which have the following propeies: Unsegmented genome of positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses. They are enveloped viruses. They exhibit helical symmetry. Coronav...
Microbiology
Virology
42244781-f4d0-4f28-882b-044caa0475b8
Multipleround to oval erythematous patches with fine central scale distributed along the skin tension lines on the trunk is highly suggestive of?
Tinea versicolor
Pityriasis rosea
Lichen planus
Seborrheic dermatitis
1b
single
.
Pathology
All India exam
03c3ee1d-8088-4237-ac18-f11dda6b721a
Leutic glossitis is an intra-oral manifestation caused by
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Actinomycosis
Trepenoma pallidium
Streptococcus
2c
multi
null
Pathology
null
584784d5-b344-47f4-8cb4-5ecf1cca28ef
About Langerhans cell histiocytosis, true are all except:
Peak incidence less than 3 years of age
Radiosensitive
Diffuse form is known as Letterer-Siwe-disease
Gonadal involvement occurs
3d
multi
d. Gonadal involvement occurs(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 2484-2489; Ghai 8/e p 620-623)a. Peak incidence less than 3 years of age: True; More common and more severe in younger childrenb. Radiosensitive: True, as Bone lesions and Pituitary lesions, causing DI, respond well to radiotherapyc. Diffuse form is known as Letterer-S...
Pediatrics
C.V.S.
b36429ed-4615-4ae7-8215-78589e7ab8ca
Which fruit juice helps in preventing UTI:
Grape
Raspberry
Cranberry
Orange
2c
single
Ans. is 'c' i.e. Cranberry Cranberry juice has been traditionally used for the treatment and prophylaxis of urinary tract infection.Recent randomized controlled trials have demonstrated its utility in prophylaxis of UTIs but not for treatment.
Surgery
Miscellaneous (Kidney & Uterus)
10349d56-0c4a-41d1-bf47-19ae53d126b8
Essential drug is?
Drugs that has been developed specifically to treat a rare medical condition
Those drugs that satisfy the health care needs of the majority of the population
Those drugs that satisfy the health care needs of at least 50% of the population
Drug that is to be used with in first hour of the acute attack of the disease
1b
multi
ANSWER: (B) Those drugs that satisfy the health care needs of the majority of the populationREF: KDT 6th edition page 5Essential drugs (medicines), as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) are "those drugs that satisfy the health care needs of the majority of the population; they should therefore be available ...
Pharmacology
Pharmacokinetics
bb3fed65-e1d2-4cf0-920e-1ff9af6a91aa
The Burrows in scabies is in the –
Stratum basale
Stratum granulosum
Stratum corneum
Dennis
2c
single
Mite burrows into stratum corneum. These burrow is visible clinically as an irregular gray - brown line.
Dental
null
0be4323d-2048-4131-bad0-afa9bfb4ada8
Immediate stiffnes postmoem occurs in :
Cadaveric rigidity
Cadaveric spasm
Rigor mois
Algor mois
1b
single
B i.e. Cadaveric spasm
Forensic Medicine
null
22249624-0e80-4246-a9ac-d19a2841b30f
One week after an extended hysterectomy, the patient leaks urine per vaginum. In spite of the leakage, she has to pass urine from time to time. The most likely cause is :
Vesico-vaginal fistula
Ureterovaginal fistula
Stress incontinence
Overflow incontinence
1b
single
Ureterovaginal fistula
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
50f415e5-550c-403b-9173-77d734723012
Which of the following does not cause Polyuria?
Interstitial nephritis
Hypokalemia
A.D.H insufficiency
Rhabdomyolysis
3d
single
Rhabdomyolysis leads to myoglobinuria which leads to blockage of tubules and thereby reduction of urine output. Interstitial nephritis is characterized by tubular damage leading to polyuria. Hypokalemic nephropathy in choice B and ADH insufficiency (diabetes insipidus) in choice C leads to Polyuria.
Medicine
Nephrotic and Nephritic syndrome
e0a9dd85-0cdb-490f-bde7-b2b43984221c
CCA can be palpated at
Thyroid cartilage.
1st tracheal ring.
Cricoid cartilage.
Arteries can never be palpated.
0a
single
null
Anatomy
null
efe3cf98-fb03-41ea-b4d7-d0e58be799b5
A patient who has suffered severe chest trauma in an automobile accident is found to have fluid in the right pleural space. A thoracentesis reveals the presence of chylous fluid in the pleural space, suggesting a rupture of the thoracic duct. In which regions of the thorax is the thoracic duct found.
Anterior and middle mediastinum
Anterior and superior mediastinum
Middle and superior mediastinum
Posterior and superior mediastinum
3d
single
Posterior and superior mediastinum o Thoracic duct is the main lymphatic channel of the body that drains to the venous system from the body except the: -Right thorax -Right arm -Right head and neck o It begins as a continuation of the cisterna chyli at the level of the T 12 veebras. It passes to the right of the aoa th...
Surgery
null
c6249940-6290-4840-9d62-5bb2aec8d539
All of the following are manifestations of congenital syphilis except:-
Gumma
Hutchinson's teeth
Olympian brow
Interstitial keratitis
0a
multi
Gumma- seen in teiary syphilis Late signs of Congenital syphilis Symptom/sign Descriptions Olympian brow Bony prominence of the forehead caused by persistent or recurrent periostitis Higoumenaki's sign Unilateral or bilateral thickening of the sternoclavicular third of the clavicle Saber shins Anterior bowing of the mi...
Pediatrics
FMGE 2018
4f7a9408-4dbe-468f-9c0a-12b127ec8ae9
What is the position of the leg in fracture neck of femur: September 2007
Internal rotation deformity of less than 45 degree
External rotation deformity of less than 45 degree
Internal rotation deformity of more than 45 degree
External rotation deformity of more than 45 degree
1b
single
Ans. B: External rotation deformity of less than 45 degree Capsule of the hip joint prevents full external rotation in intra-capsular/ fracture neck of femur. So external rotation will be there but not significant, whereas in case of extra-capsular/inter-trochanteric femoral fractures, leg will be externally rotated to...
Surgery
null
6964cfda-7412-43ec-b4ab-50d342cf1cda
Which one of the following is not a feature of renal aery stenosis?
Hypeension responds well to drugs
Kidneys may be asymmetrical
Atherosclerotic plaques are common
Serum creatinine may increase with ACE inhibitors
0a
single
In renal aery stenosis - Hypeension is difficult to control with drugs. Patients often respond to Revascularization procedures like percutaneous renala aery angioplasty . There may be decline in GFR during therapy with ACE -inhibitors or ARB'S. Renal aery stenosis can be unilateral or bilateral, so kidneys may be asymm...
Medicine
Kidney
700dea0c-8593-43cb-b6a4-0c62bcc2cfc4
CSF glucose level is
Half the plasma glucose
2/3 plasma glucose
1/3 plasma glucose
Same as plasma glucose
1b
single
Answer is B (2/3 of plasma glucose):
Medicine
null
7e5d1f55-533f-451d-9289-d7aaef1e7f0c
All are true about communicability of Malaria, except-
The number of gametocytes in blood increases with time
Gametocytes appear in blood 4-5 days after the appearance of the asexual parasite, in vivax infection.
Gametocytes appear in blood 10-12 days after the appearance of asexual parasite, in falciparum infection
In the early stage of infection, their density may exceed 1000 per cmm of blood.
0a
multi
Ans. is 'a' i.e. The number of gametocytes in blood increases with time o A malarial parasite (Plasmodium) has got 2 hosts Man is the intermediate host Mosquito is the definitive host o Plasmodium undergoes 2 cycles of development - The asexual or human cycle The sexual or mosquito cycle o The mosquito cycle begins whe...
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
5acf3950-b01c-459c-b095-edd5a8c21c44
Xray aifact is
A radiolucent area
Any abnormal opacity in the radiograph
Produced when patient moves while taking the film
All of the above
3d
multi
Aifacts can present in a variety of ways including abnormal shadow noted on a radiograph or degraded image quality and have been produced by aificial means from hardware failure, operator error, and software (post-processing) aifacts. Common CausesImproper handling of the filmsErrors while processing the filmsPatient m...
Radiology
All India exam
5427f97d-40f6-4a32-b617-db9de0c864d7
On the basis of BMI obesity is labeled at
20
25
30
18
2c
single
Body mass index (BMI) or Quetelet index:Defined as the body mass divided by the square of the body height, and is expressed in units of kg/m2BMIWeight status< 18.5 Underweight18.5-24.9 Healthy25.0-29.9Overweight>= 30.0Obese30.00-34.99 Obese class I35.00-39.99 Obese class II>= 40 Obese class IIIRef: Harrison's 18/e p608...
Medicine
All India exam
dbe04ad6-6720-42d9-80c7-45214ba8469d
The following are predisposing factors for Esophageal carcinoma except
Plummer-Vinson syndrome
Tylosis palmaris
Tylosis palmaris
Benzene therapy
3d
multi
Answer is D (Benzene therapy) Benzene therapy has not been mentioned in the best of predisposing factors for carcinoma esophagus, and is the single best answer of exclusion. Predisposing factors for carcinoma esophagus : 1. Alcohol consumptionQ 2. Smoking cigarettes Q 3. Ingested Carcinogens Nitrates Q Smoked opiates F...
Medicine
null
c7db4f8b-b376-48f7-aa9d-2a4135ad6524
Osteoporosis is seen in :
Thyrotoxicosis
Cushing's disease
Menopause
All of the above
3d
multi
Answer is D (All of the above) : Estrogen deficiency (Hypogonadal state) is known to cause osteoporosis. The most frequent estrogen deficient state is the cessation of ovarian function at the time of menopause. Thyrotoxicosis and Cushing's syndrome are known endocrine causes of osteoporosis.
Medicine
null
aa07336c-3f12-4015-820b-3235bac945fc
Thaliomide is used in all except ?
ENL
HIV neuropathy
HIV associated ulcer
Behcet's syndrome
1b
multi
Ans. is 'b' i.e., HIV neuropathy
Pharmacology
null
b9635cbe-ce48-4320-b4b2-dd0d78eb24cd
Abruptio placentae occurs in all except:
Smokers
Alcoholics
PET
Folic acid deficiency
1b
multi
Abruptio placenta is premature separation of normally situated placentaQ resulting in hemorrhage. Risk factors: Increased maternal age - Increased parity Pre eclampsia - Chronic hypertension Preterm ruptured membranes pregnancy - Sudden uterine decompression as in hydramnios and twin Cigarette smoking - Thrombophilia ...
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
dc5e4fb4-834c-4460-9237-6dc7165e4bc4
Monogenic transmission of diabetes mellitus occurs in:
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM)
Non-insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM)
Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA)
Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY)
3d
single
d. Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY)(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 2760-2780, Ghai 8/e p 541-548)MODY refers to forms of diabetes are associated with monogenic defects in pancreatic b-cell function.
Pediatrics
Endocrinology
dd2a73aa-0319-4a3e-9f4b-ea1ab50263de
Bone Density is best studied by –
CT scan
DEXA scan
MRI scan
Bone scan
1b
single
DEXA scan is the gold standard test for screening of bone density (to rule out asteoporosis).
Radiology
null
ed5fff02-34da-43e1-9a29-802f8309a2ec
Investigation of choice for lumbar prolapsed disc
X-ray
CT Scan
MRI
Myelogram Patt
2c
single
Investigation of choice for PID at any level is MRI.
Orthopaedics
null
ba460fcf-ee5b-43e5-98fa-7a84d41c26fc
An athletic male with itchy lesion at groin as shown below, causative agent can be all EXCEPT:
Trichophyton
Microsporum
Epidermophyton
Aspergillus
3d
multi
Ans. d. AspergillusThe itchy lesion in picture is a typical dermatophyte infection, and its known Jock's itch or Tineacruris. It is also known as Dhobi's itch. Since it is a dermatophyte infection, it cannot be caused by Aspergillus.
Skin
Fungal Infection
b6a39059-1050-4080-b996-a3660bc3450d
True statement about treatment of intussusceptions
Air enema
Saline enema
Ba enema
Hydostatic reduction
0a
multi
In the infant with ileocolic intussusception, after resuscitation with intravenous fluids, broad-spectrum antibiotics and nasogastric drainage, non-operative reduction can be attempted using an air or barium enema (see Chapter 6, Fig. 6.14). Successful reduction can only be accepted if there is free reflux of air or ba...
Surgery
G.I.T
a476c1f3-c6d5-45d9-b85b-7deb75d088fc
In comparison to breast milk, colostrum has higher content of:
Carbohydrates
Fat
Sodium
Potassium
2c
single
Ans. is c, i.e. SodiumRef. Dutta Obs 7/e, p 148Colostrum is a deep yellow serous fluid secreted from breasts starting from pregnancy and for 2-3 days after delivery.CompositionIt has higher specific gravity and higher protein, Vitamin A, D, E, K, immunoglobulin, sodium and chloride content than mature breast milk.It ha...
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Abnormality of Puerperium
58d346d8-8b6e-45cf-9328-34efe1dd49bc
All of the following infections are sexually transmitted, except:
Candida albicans
Echinococcus
Molluscum contagiosum
Group B streptococcus
1b
multi
Candida albicans, molluscum contagiosum virus and group B streptococcus are sexually transmitted diseases. Echinococcus granulosus is spread through feco-oral route. Sexually transmitted pathogens include : Bacteria such as Neisseria Gonorrhea, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis, Treponema pallidum, Hemophilus d...
Medicine
null
e2bb4723-de60-4356-acdc-b6db3fc7bad7
Lorenzo oil used in treatment of:
Gaucher disease
Adrenoleukodystrophy
Fabry's disease
Hurler disease
1b
single
Adrenoleukodystrophy- Bone marrow transplant & Lorenzo oil Enzyme replacement therapy for- Gaucher disease- Human recombinant acid b-glucosidase (Imiglucerase) Velaglucerase alfa Taliglucerase alfa Fabry's disease- Agalsidase beta Hurler disease- Aldurazyme
Pediatrics
Lysosomal Storage Diseases
29b143f7-3d93-4840-8cda-75e786c0bd90
Surgery of choice for chronic duodenal ulcer is -
Vagotomy + antrectomy
Total gastrectomy
Truncal vagotomy + pyloroplasty
Highly selective vagotomy
3d
single
Highly selective vagotomy Procedure of choice for chronic or intractable duodenal ulcers Nerves of Latarjet supplying the antrum are preserved (and hence gastric motility) Drainage procedure is not required Lowest Moality rate and side effects. Minimal chances of dumping Syndrome and gastric atony Relatively high recur...
Anatomy
G.I.T
d59fcdcf-9ec2-4316-9fff-362bc015b98a
Right hepatic duct drain all, Except
Segment I
Segment III
Segment V
Segment VI
1b
multi
Right hepatic duct drains into segment V, VI, VII, VIII and left hepatic duct drains into segment I, II, III, IV, the segment I have an independent supply of poal and hepatic veins. Reference SRB edition :5 page:593
Surgery
G.I.T
2799db1a-0604-44f6-8557-73f5c8f7732e
Disclosing solution stains
Food debris
Material alba
Micro organism
Glycoprotein
3d
single
null
Dental
null
7dee5ad4-d8fd-4baf-b3b4-0cf6f424b8f4
Most common cause of ectopic ACTH production
Renal cell carcinoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Small cell carcinoma lung
Pheochromacytoma
2c
multi
null
Medicine
null
d0b506d7-163d-4ebf-8bb2-9dd64c481294
All of the following are true about pachydermia laryngitis except
Hoarseness of voice
Premalignant condition
Involves posterior pa of larynx
Biopsy shows acanthosis and hyperkeratosis
1b
multi
PACHYDERMIA LARYNGIS It is a form of chronic hyperophic laryngitis affecting posterior pa of larynx in the region of interarytenoid and posterior pa of the vocal cords. Clinically, patient presents with hoarseness or husky voice and irritation in the throat. Indirect laryngoscopy reveals heaping up of red or grey granu...
ENT
Larynx
c2105304-8609-4943-b7a4-914cd14b39bd
The most common sequelae of tuberculous spondylitis in an adolescent is:
Fibrous ankylosis
Bony-ankylosis
Pathological dislocation
Chronic osteomyelitis
1b
single
(b)- The usual outcome of healed tuberculosis in spine is the bony ankylosis and in peripheral joints like Hip and Knee Fibrous ankylosis is seen.
Orthopaedics
TB of the Spine
23f357af-d6ae-4859-be69-5eab45f52663
Biguanides acts by following except -
|Insulin release from pancreas
| Glycolysis
| Gluconeogenesis
| Insulin binding to its receptors
0a
multi
Ans. is 'a' i.e., | insulin release from pancreash Biguanides acts by : o Suppress hepatic gluconeogenesis and glucose output from liver major action. o Enhance insulin mediated glucose disposal in muscle and fat (Increased peripheral utilization of glucose) by enhancing GLUT-I transpo from intracellular site to plasma...
Pharmacology
null
ca71f0cb-3ac3-40d7-a299-4c89b12649ad
A patient presented with renal cell carcinoma invading IVC and renal vein. False statement is:
Pre-op biopsy is not necessary
IVC involvement indicates inoperability
Pre-op radiotherapy is not essential
Chest X-ray should be done to rule out pulmonary metastasis
1b
multi
Patients with renal vein or IVC involvement by tumour but without evidence of metastatic disease remain surgical candidates. Occasionally, nephrectomy and removal of IVC tumour thrombus need to be done. Bench surgery and autotransplantation is performed for larger tumours in a solitary kidney. Chest X-ray should be don...
Surgery
Kidney and ureter
d71d4f1e-d25d-40da-a2b9-9dde819a3a31
Preventable cuses of mental retardation are -
Downs
Phenylketonuria
Cretinism
Cerebral palsy
2c
single
Ans. is `c' i.e., Cretinism Cretinism is due to deficiency of Iodine, which can be preventable.
Pediatrics
null
62d6351a-1416-4399-abcd-479d426de603
A population of 100000 is under surveillance during an year. 100 cases were positive for malarial thick smear. What is the annual parasite index -
1 per 1000
2 per 1000
10 per 1000
20 per 1000
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., 1 per 1000 * Annual Parasite Incidence = (confirmed cases during one year/population under surveillancee) x 1000* Population under surveillance = 100000* Confirmed cases =100API =100------100,000x 1000 = 1* So, API is 1 per 1000 population.
Social & Preventive Medicine
Communicable Diseases
c9b0a4d7-1941-4ab1-8814-d649ea175b9c
Diatoms are -
Algae
Parasites
Bacteria
Fungi
0a
single
Diatoms are unicellular algae.
Forensic Medicine
null
eff50187-0515-4ecd-83db-b50a2471a4d5
Hydramnios is complicated by all except: March 2005
Placenta abruptio
Pre-eclampsia
Post dated pregnancy
Atonic Hemorrhage
2c
multi
Ans. C: Post Dated Pregnancy Complications during pregnancy: Pre-eclampsia (25%) Malpresentations Premature rupture of membranes Preterm labour Accidental hemorrhage Complications during labour: Early rupture of membranes Cord prolapsed Uterine ineia Retained placenta, postpaum hemorrhage
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
c37b8fd1-9b4e-48b8-ac80-15a55069657a
Earliest site of bone involvement in hematogenous osteomyelitis is ?
Metaphysis
Epiphysis
Diaphysis
Apophysis
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Metaphysis Pathophysiology of acute osteomyelitis Organism reach the bone through blood stream from a septic focus elsewhere in the body. Metaphysis of long bone is the earliest and most common site involved because : - i) Metaphysis is highly vascular ii) Commonest site is metaphysis. This is because...
Surgery
null
1eb2d3f2-1de8-4dac-a2b3-bce27579e7ff
A gastric biopsy is taken from a 42 year old man. As the pathologist inspects the specimen, he observes numerous, normal cuboidal-to-columnar cells with apical membrane-bound secretion granules in the gastric glands. From which area of the stomach was the biopsy most likely taken?
Cardiac region
Columns of Morgagni
Fundic region
Greater omentum
2c
single
The pathologist saw normal chief cells, which are abundant in the body and fundus of the stomach. Chief cells secrete pepsinogen, which is stored in apical membrane- bound granules. The body and fundus of the stomach contain high concentrations of four other types of cells in the epithelium. The parietal (oxyntic) cell...
Anatomy
null
1f993e00-69b7-4e0b-92c7-b93ae40eb6b2
All are true about pleomorphic adenoma except:-
Malignant transformation risk is high
Mixed tumor
Benign tumor
Encapsulated
0a
multi
Risk of malignant transformation is low (3-5%) in pleomorphic adenoma. Malignant mixed tumors include cancers originating from pleomorphic adenomas, termed carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma, and de novo malignant mixed tumors. The risk for malignant transformation of benign pleomorphic adenomas is 1.5% within the first ...
Surgery
Salivary Glands
cebd84ff-4e1b-4d5f-829d-2695065827c6
Which nerve is near to mandibular third molar (medial aspect) and is likely to be damaged while removing 3rd molar?
Inferior alveolar nerve
Buccal nerve
Massetric nerve
Lingual nerve
3d
single
null
Surgery
null
97cf6fd7-12f6-4781-a7fb-58ae59c5d2d2
Laryngeal mask is contraindicated in all except-
Oral tumor
Ocular surgeries
Massive maxillofac ial injury
High risk of aspiration
1b
multi
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Ocular surgeries Indications of LMA1. As an alternative to intubation wrhere difficult intubation is anticipated (difficult airway).2 To facilitate endo-tracheal intubation in a patient with difficult airw ays.Situations involving a difficult mask fit.Securing airw ay (as cardiopulmonary resuscitation...
Anaesthesia
Breathing Systems
d9c5d889-762e-4b2d-8531-8e9d31023609
All of the following muscles are supplied by accessory nerve except
Palatopharyngeus
Stylopharyngeus
Palatoglossus
Musculus uvulae
1b
multi
null
Anatomy
null
56d6ca5f-9345-411f-8026-a6369143d0a2
A 40 year old woman has severe, disabling rheumatoid ahritis. Rheumatoid factor is positive. What would a biopsy of the synovium of her knee most likely reveal?
A nearly normal synovium with scattered inflammatory cells
A non-proliferative synovitis with abscess formation
A non-proliferative synovitis with many neutrophils
A proliferative synovitis with many lymphocytes, macrophages, and plasma cells
3d
single
Severe rheumatoid ahritis causes a proliferative synovitis with extensive damage to the synovium of the joint. The synol membrane becomes markedly thickened (pannus formation), with edematous villous projections that extend into the joint space. The intense inflammatory infiltrate that is present is typically composed ...
Surgery
null
d61a04b1-aa58-443c-a0e0-22a3a01b707e
Wernicke's aphasia is seen due to lesion in?
Precentral gyrus
Inferior frontal gyrus
Superior temporal gyrus
Inferior temporal gyrus
2c
single
ANSWER: (C) Superior temporal gyrusREF: Gray's anatomy 39th edition, page 415See previous question
Medicine
Aphasia
8873e45a-506f-4468-9f30-fa41940504b9
Most common disease caused by CMV in a postrenal transplant patients:
Pyelonephritis
Meningitis
Pneumonia
GI ulceration
2c
single
Ans. (c) PneumoniaRef: Bailey 26th edition, Page 1416* Most common viral infection following kidney transplant is CMV- which presents with Interstitial pneumonia
Surgery
Transplantation
b17ef838-e2a9-4a10-b11e-9678bac99155
The best test to detect iron deficiency anaemia in a community with Iwo prevalence of iron deficiency is -
PCV
Serum iron
Serum ferritin
Iron binding capacity
2c
single
null
Medicine
null
71bf7008-5af1-4e9c-b02b-cc3d30c9b491
Scrum pox is seen among ………………… players -
Football
Hockey
Rugby
Chess
2c
multi
null
Surgery
null
a550df94-cd27-4745-b699-dcf1669ed036
In myocardial infarction the infarct acquires hyperemic rim with an yellow centre at
3-7 days
10-20 days
7-14 days
1-2 hours
0a
single
3 – 7 days Findings Gross examination at border Softening yellow-tan center Histopathology (light microscopy) Beginning of disintegration of dead muscle fibers Necrosis of neutrophils Beginning of macrophageremoval of dead cells at border
Unknown
null
0612bd5f-dcf4-4861-bc65-d3d3becf9415
The predominant immunoglobulin in sulcular fluid is:
Ig A
Ig G
Ig M
Ig E
1b
single
null
Dental
null
33118b8a-34f5-41ec-b255-6a5e5ca5de5f
Middle lobe of prostrate is present in between:
Prostratic urethra & Ejaculation duct
Prostratic urethra & rectum
Ejaculation duct & pubis
Pubis and rectum
0a
single
A i.e. Prostratic urethra & Ejaculation duct Board Review series AnatomyMedian lobe which lies between urethra and the ejaculatory duct is prone to benign hyperophy. QPosterior lobe, which lies behind the urethra and below the ejaculatory duct contains glandular tissue and is prone to carcinomatous transformation.Q
Anatomy
null
658088b6-9a4d-4459-8780-2b1268a8d9c7
Iritis roseata is seen in:
Leprosy
Syphilis
Tuberculosis
Sarcoidosis
1b
single
Ans. Syphilis
Ophthalmology
null
b6a53772-fc64-4f5d-aceb-4b794451e19f
Most common cause of intracranial haemorrhage is -
Sub arachnoid haemorrhage
Intracerebral haemorrhage
Subdural haemorrhage
Extradural haemorrhage
1b
single
null
Medicine
null
ed8eb44f-1723-4aeb-9f31-ad63be4d9d49
Which of the following is NOT a component of Saint's triad?
Esophageal diveicula
Hiatus hernia
Gall stones
Colonic diveicula
0a
multi
Saint's triad is a medical condition of the concurrence of hiatus hernia,gallstones& diveiculosis of colon. Reference:SRB's manual of surgery,5th edition,page no:641.
Surgery
G.I.T
46a2a14e-ddf1-471b-8554-e78d94cd338d
After overnight fasting, levels of glucose transporters reduced in:
Brain cells
RBCs
Adipocyte
Hepatocyte
2c
single
Ans. C. Adipocytes(Ref: Harper 29/e page 158, Harper 30/e page 192)GLUT-4 and InsulinGlucose uptake into muscle and adipose tissue is controlled by insulin, which is secreted by the islet cells of the pancreas in response to an increased concentration of glucose in the portal blood.In the fasting state, the glucose tra...
Biochemistry
Carbohydrates
9ef92372-0343-405e-88af-c00100939074
Which of the following is the most severe form of Diptheria
Nasal
Cutaneous
Nasopharynx
Laryngopharynx
3d
single
Ref: Harrisons, 19th ed. pg. 978* Diptheria is a nasopharyngeal and skin infection caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Toxigenic strains of C. diphtheria produce a protein toxin that causes systemic toxicity, myocarditis, and polyneuropathy.* The toxigenic strains cause pharyngeal diphtheria, while the non-toxigenic...
Microbiology
Bacteria
16d42a46-f79f-43dd-8b96-0c262d911885
A 5-year-old child presents with a history of fever off–and–on for past 2 weeks and petechial spots all over the body and increasing pallor for past 1 month. Examination reveals splenomegaly of 2 ems below the costal margin. The most likely diagnosis is –
Acute leukemia
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
Hypersplenism
Aplastic anemia
0a
multi
Pallor (anemia), petechial spot (thrombocytopenia), fever (infection due to neutropenia) with splenomegaly suggest the diagnosis of acute leukemia. Further, the presence of splenomegaly eliminates aplastic anaemia and ITP as the possibilities "Splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy are extremely uncommon in ITP and their pr...
Pediatrics
null
a917557b-846a-4004-891b-fb4c1b147375
A 23-year-old male patient presented with a history of back pain, which is more in the morning and relieved by bathing in warm water. What is the likely additional finding present in this patient?
Marrow fibrosis
Distal phalangeal joint involvement
Pleural nodules
Decreased chest wall expansion
3d
multi
Ans. d. Decreased chest wall expansion (Ref: Harrison 19/e p2170, 18/e p2775)History of back pain, which is more in the morning and relieved by bathing in warm water is characteristic of spondylo arthropathy, like ankylosing spondylitis. Ankylosing spondylitis leads to extra-parenchymal restrictive lung disease, associ...
Medicine
Disorder of Metabolism & Connective Tissue
e1aadbbf-4d82-4ad2-9a4a-828089f845c5
Drug given for antibiotic associated pseudomembranous enterocolitis and is part of anti H. Pylori treatment:
Amoxicillin
Vancomycin
Metronidazole
Clotrimazole
2c
single
Ans. C. MetronidazoleTriple drug regimen given for H. Pylori include- clarithromycin, amoxicillin, tetracycline, metronidazole. Out of all these drugs metronidazole is drug of choice for pseudomembranous colitis.
Pharmacology
Anti Microbial
c0ea807c-047d-4567-9354-5bb60ed63290
True about pseudocyst of pancreas -
Is a true cyst
Common with penetrating trauma abdomen
Treated with cystogastrostomy if size > 2 cm
Can present from mediastinum to pubis
3d
multi
Answer is 'd' i.e. can present from mediastinum of pubis
Surgery
null
10faac4c-857d-4945-913d-f3337d9409d8
Postponing paying attention of conscious impulse or conflict is mature defence mechanism known as
Sublimation
Suppression
Humor
Anticipation
1b
single
Sublimation: Gratification of an impulse whose goal is retained but whose aim or object is changed from a socially objectionable one to a socially valued one. Suppression: Conscious or semiconscious decision to postpone attention to a conscious impulse or conflict. Humour:ove expression of feelings without personal dis...
Psychiatry
Cognitive development and defence mechanism
a7b3307e-f79e-42fa-a988-3954cc4054a7
Saccular diverticulum of extrahepatic bile duct in choledochal cyst is classified as -
Type I
Type II
Type III
Type IV
1b
single
null
Surgery
null
0ecc4848-3b2b-4c59-b180-d2dc2de44997
Embryologically hard palate develop from:
Maxillary process
Lateral palatine process
Frontonasal process
All of the above
3d
multi
null
Anatomy
null
421ef4a1-072a-414b-a0f0-f96f075d92fa
Bone marrow biopsy is useful in the diagnosis of -
CML
ALL
Aleukemic leukemia
Hodgkins disease
2c
multi
null
Pathology
null
c70f4b46-ee02-4efc-b67c-3eb4ad5efb4f
Laminin is present in:(1998)
Lens
Basement membrane
Liver
Lungs
1b
single
Ans: b (Basement membrane)Ref: Robbin's, 7th ed, p. 105 & 6thed, p. 100
Pathology
Cellular Pathology
05d27a27-9981-451e-8645-d980ba728841
Which radiological procedure is used for studying vesico-ureteric reflux?
Ascending pyelogram
Cystogram
Intravenous urogram
Micturition cystourethrogram
3d
single
The diagnosis of vesico ureteric reflux is made using micturition cystourethrogram. Other techniques used in diagnosing vesico ureteric reflux are simple or delayed cystography or voiding cinefluoroscopy. In a case of vesico ureteral reflux, cystogram may show one of the following findings: Persistently dilated lower u...
Radiology
null
671984e4-2167-48c5-809a-063b2c73480d
A 43-year-old man with chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis is admitted with upper GI bleeding. He has marked ascites and shows multiple telangiectasias, liver palmar erythema, and clubbing. A diagnosis of bleeding esophageal varices secondary to portal hypertension is made. Portal pressure is considered elevated when...
0.15 mm Hg
1.5 mm Hg
12 mm Hg
40 mm Hg
2c
multi
Portal hypertension is suspected clinically if esophageal varices are detected, hypersplenism occurs, or ascites develop. Normal portal venous pressure is 5-10 mm Hg. Pressure may be measured indirectly by using hepatic venous wedge pressure (occlusive hepatic wedge pressure). About two-thirds of patients with portal h...
Surgery
Pancreas
264d2aa2-ef8d-4f30-91e6-2aef546e65f1
In a patient with AIDS, chorioretinitis is typically caused by –
Cytomegalovirus
Toxoplasma gondii
Cryptococcus neoformans
Histoplasma capsulatum
0a
multi
The most common cause of chorioretinitis in AIDS is CMV.
Ophthalmology
null
88bba5b2-0d87-4618-ab72-870f46592860
All are true about persistent caliber aery except?
Thermal coagulation
Angiographic embolization
Bleeds pin point mucosal erosion
Deep enteroscopy
3d
multi
Persistent caliber aery is called Dieulafoy's lesion. It is a large calibre aeriole that runs beneath the gut mucosa and bleeds pinpoint mucosal erosion. For management of bleeding in Dieulafoy's lesion, endoscopic therapy like thermal coagulation or band ligation is effective. In case of failure to control bleeding wi...
Medicine
Bleeding from the GUT and diseases of esophagus
8e0a828d-efd3-4615-872a-016a29144f58
Dermal Nitrate test is done for the detection of-
Gunpowder residue
Seminal stains
Blood stains
Saliva
0a
single
null
Forensic Medicine
null
ba19919b-4138-43a1-b69e-68cc15c49d31
Dark ground microscopy is used to see?
Refractile organisms
Flagella
Capsule
Fimbriae
1b
single
Darkfield / Dark ground microscope in which reflected light is used instead of transmitted light used in the ordinary microscope. Flagella are less than 0.02 um in thickness and hence beyond the limit of resolution of the light microscopes. They may in some instances be seen under dark field / Dark ground illumination....
Microbiology
general microbiology
17cc022b-bc3e-4eef-b963-f997f65ee0f5
Infant with hepatomegaly, hypoglycemia. hyperlipidemia and acidosis , diagnosis?
Von Gierke's
Cori's disaese
Pompe's disease
All of the above
0a
multi
In type 1 Glycogen storage disorder the usual clinical features are : hepatomegaly failure to thrive hypoglycemia, becomes worse after overnight fasting, an inability of the liver to release glucose into the blood. ketosis acidosis hyperlipidemia, since free fatty acids are mobilised excessively to provide for energy n...
Pediatrics
Gastrointestinal tract
d9f940d4-2cf7-437f-af11-a1a05e630032
Hairy cell leukemia&; is a Neoplastic proliferation of :
T. cells
B. cells
Myeloid cells
Macrophages
1b
single
Hairy cell leukemia review : Presentation is with a triad of : Splenomegaly :often massive. However hepatomegaly is less common while lymphadenopathy is rare. Pancytopenia and thereby, resulting infections. Vasculitis like syndrome :Erythema nodosum and cutaneous nodules due to perivasculitis and PAN. Course : Hairy ce...
Pathology
All India exam
b9d01749-f245-4fde-9d5a-a9268c17012d
Bioavailability is:
Amount of drug that reach the systemic circulation
Drug metabolized in liver before the drug reaches the systemic circulation
Drug metabolized in liver after the drug reaches the systemic circulation
Maximum by rectal route
0a
single
null
Pharmacology
null
4ae6daba-8e00-4855-a42b-1927f1b8dbcb
Beaded margin of eyelid is seen in?
Erythema granuloma annulare
Leprosy
Granuloma annulare
Lipoid proteinosis
3d
single
Lipoid proteinosis REF: org/121/ case pre sentations/lipoid2/robati.html, http: //en .wikipedia. org/wiki/Urba chdeg70E2%80%93Wiethe_diseas e "Urbach--Wiethe disease (also known as lipoid proteinosis and hyalinosis cutis et mucosae) is a rare autosomal-recessive disorderwith fewer than 300 repoed cases since its discov...
Ophthalmology
null
4b66b2f3-321e-4bf1-8179-0fb8e5651d53
A 40-year-old man presents with 5 days of productive cough and fever. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is isolated from a pulmonary abscess. The CBC shows an acute effect characterized by marked leukocytosis (50,000 WBC/mL), and the differential count reveals numerous immature cells (band forms). Which of the following terms bes...
Leukemoid reaction
Leukopenia
Myeloid metaplasia
Myeloproliferative disease
0a
single
Leukemoid reaction. Circulating levels of leukocytes and their precursors may occasionally reach very high levels (>50,000WBC/mL). Such a situation, referred to as a leukemoid reaction, is sometimes difficult to differentiate from leukemia. In contrast to bacterial infections, viral infections (including infectious mon...
Pathology
Inflammation & Repair