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135
195e8e2c-5d3b-46e3-96e8-05cd3fad31a0
Drug used for kala-azar
Diloxanide furoate
Metronidazole
Paromomycin
Spiramycin
2c
single
Ans. is 'c' i.e.,Paromomycin Drugs used for kala-azarParentral : Amphotericin-B (iv), Paromomycin (im), sodium stibogluconate (iv or im).Oral : Miltefosine
Pharmacology
null
b4f4f84c-26a8-443b-a3ef-909b1ed32d5c
A 70 kg old athlete was posted for surgery, Patient was administered succinylcholine due to unavailability of vecuronium. It was administered in intermittent dosing (total 640 mg). During recovery patient was not able to respire spontaneously & move limbs. What is the explanation ?
Pseudocholinesterase deficiency increasing action of syccinylcholine
Phase 2 blockade produced by succinylcholine
Undiagnosed muscular dystrophy and muscular weakness
Muscular weakness due to fasciculation produced by succinylcholine
1b
single
B i.e. Phase 2 blockade produced by succinylcholine - Sch is depolarizing/ non competitiveQ M.R. with shoest duration of actionQ (3-5 min) d/t rapid hydrolysis by pseudo cholinesteraseQ. It causes dual/ biphasic blockQ. It increases K. (ie hyperkalemiaQ 1/t diastolic cardiac arrest), intraocular & intragastric pressure...
Anaesthesia
null
20d211b9-a4b1-4b39-8fc4-163bb59cccd6
An 18-year-old presents with a well- circumscribed 2 cm mass in her right breast. The mass is painless and has a rubbery consistency and discrete borders. It appears to move freely through the breast tissue. What is the likeliest diagnosis?
Carcinoma
Cyst
Fibroadenoma
Cystosarcoma phyllodes
2c
single
Fibroadenomas are most often found in teenage girls. They are firm in consistency, clearly defined, and very mobile. The typical feature on palpation is that they appear to move freely through the breast tissue ("breast mouse").
Surgery
Breast
d993e760-8563-4c69-ade3-55a0fc6ce368
Definition of Blindness when visual acuity is less than ___________ in better eye according to NPCB and WHO respectively
< 3/60 and < 6/18
< 6/18 and < 3/60
< 3/60 and < 3/60
< 6/18 and < 6/18
2c
single
null
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
3224c26b-8f9e-4dac-9bcb-de5473f2a3c1
A group tested for a drug shows 60% improvement as against a standard group showing 40% improvement. The best test to test the significance of result is-
Student T test
Chi square test
Paired T test
Test for variance
1b
single
Ref: Parks 23rd edition pg 852 Chi-square test offers an alternate method of testing the significance of difference between two propoions.Advantage: it can also be used when more than 2groups are to be compared. Ref:Parks 23rd edition pg 852 Tests of significance: Qualitative: Chi- square : 2 or more than 2 groups Mc N...
Social & Preventive Medicine
Biostatistics
c7c97ac0-5fd8-4b9f-b757-d9b2b8f3d6b2
Most common malignant tumor of kidney:
Papillary carcinoma
Papillary adenoma
Renal cell CA
Wilms tumor
2c
single
Ans. (c) Renal cell CARef: Robbins 9th ed. 1952* Robbins 9th ed. States: "by far the most common malignant tumor is renal cell carcinoma, followed by Wilms tumor, which is found in children.* Incidence of RCC is: 85%* M > F (2:1)* Most of the RCC are sporadio AD (familial)Must KnowKIDNEY CA (extract from Robbins 9th ed...
Pathology
Miscellaneous (Kidney)
74ba5150-6106-44e1-aaea-6d65f7b5b8c3
A 6 day old newborn infant develops lectonuria seizures and hypoglycemia. The likely diagnosis is?
Aromatic amino aciduria
Phenyl ketonuria
Intrauterine infectious
Tyrosinemia
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Aromatic amino aciduria
Pediatrics
null
9ab843c6-180f-47c7-8863-dc57b7f0016b
The PHP index is designed to
Evaluate plaque and calculus on specific tooth surfaces
Score plaque on specific tooth surfaces
Scores plaque and gingivitis
Scores plaque, calculus, gingivitis
1b
single
null
Dental
null
337f2e15-52cc-431a-b07a-fd2df4975297
Following acute failure of the left ventricle is the hea is man, pulmonary edema generally begins to appear when left atrial pressure approaches
7 mm Hg
I5 mm Hg
20 mm Hg
30 mm Hg
2c
multi
Pulmonary edema is one of the most serious consequences of left ventricular cardiac failure. When the left ventricle fails or when the mitral valve fails, left atrial pressure (LAP) may increase substantially. The resulting increase in pulmonary capillary pressure (Pc) forces excess fluid filtration through the pulmona...
Physiology
G.I.T
960cee8e-863f-4b4e-9cce-77db6f1cf92a
Chocking is constricting device within the barrel at the muzzle end of -
Revolver
303 rifle
Shot gun
Semiautomatic pistol
2c
single
The synopsis of forensic medicine & toxicology ; Dr k.s narayan reddy ; 28th edition ; pg.no 122 The choke bore present in a shot gun ,the distal 7-10 cm of the barrel is narrow . There are some shotguns which have a small poion of their bore near the muzzle end rifled ,which are called "paradox gun" .
Forensic Medicine
Mechanical injuries
34866b06-b190-4ba3-9a0c-758c738fcede
Which of the following is lined by transitional epithelium
Stomach
Colon
Urethro verical junction
Prostate
2c
single
INDERBIR SINGH&;S TEXTBOOK OF HUMAN HISTOLOGY-PAGE NO:321 Both in the male and female,the greater pa of urethra is lined by pseudo stratified columnar epithelium.a sho pa adjoining the urinary bladder us lined by transitional epithelium
Anatomy
General anatomy
aaf9c02a-5b8c-4258-8f1d-969a816af061
Most common cause of death in amyloidosis is ?
Hea failure
Renal failure
Sepsis
None
0a
multi
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Hea Failure `Most common cause of death is hea failure and/or abnormal cardiac rhythm' Essentials pathology
Pathology
null
3b410d03-6a6a-4a5f-9087-f8aedc953fc7
Who proposed the classification of primary dentition based on distal surface of second molar?
Angle
Baume
Simon
Dewey
1b
single
Classification of Primary Dentition given by Baume, 1959
Dental
null
36b7ca5a-f9e8-4da6-bbcb-61e74391d9e9
Paragonismus westermani is commonly called: March 2005
Lung fluke
Tapeworms
Intestinal flukes
Liver flukes
0a
multi
Ans. A: Lung fluke Paragonismus westermani Preferred definitive host: Carnivores (e.g. felids, canids, viverids, and mustelids), rodents, and pigs. Reservoir hosts: Humans Vector/intermediate hosts: Snail of Family Thieridae; - Crab-Eriocheir japonicus. Organs affected: Mainly the bronchioles of the lungs, but the worm...
Microbiology
null
9bf8af40-2639-48a8-af94-f518936d696e
In pregnancy :
Plasma fibrinogen levels are increased
Fibrinogen levels are decreased
Thyroglobulins are decreased
IgD are markedly increased
0a
single
Plasma fibrinogen levels are increased
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
9503f3ca-1816-4287-bf94-b2668feea13f
Singer&;s Alkali denatuaion test is performed for:
Rh incompatibility
Vasa Pre
Abruptio placenta
Preterm labour
1b
single
Singer&;s alkali denaturation test is performed for Vasa Pre. Detection of nucleated RBCs using apt test or Singer&;s alkali denaturation test is diagnostic of vasa pre. It is based on the fact that fetal hemoglobin is resistant to alkali denaturation. Both Apt and Kleihauer-Betke Test can be used to detect the presenc...
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
General obstetrics
a2416775-9869-4134-a6dc-1168d8e7527e
Regarding phenytoin all are true except
Potent microsomal enzyme inducer
Highly protein bound
At lower concentration it follows zero order kinetics
With increasing dose, the T 1/2 increases
2c
multi
At lower concentration it follows zero order kinetics A child with respiratory infection and membrane over peritonsillar area is suspected of having Diptheria. Both Blood Tellurite media & Loeffler serum slope can be used for culture but Diptheria is one emergency so the media in which it can be cultured quickly is use...
Pharmacology
null
993f2f24-3605-41cc-97b9-d93cebb086d1
True about follicular cysts of ovary are all except
Functional cyst of ovary
Most-common in young, menstruating women
Independent of gonadotropins for growth
Women with cystic fibrosis have increased propensity to develop follicular cysts.
2c
multi
Follicular cysts are dependent on gonadotropins for growth.
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
7ee27761-3c84-42fd-84d2-3cbaeb5f0bfa
IUGR babies on delivery are called:
Growth retarded
Small for date
Low bih weight
Preterm
1b
multi
Small for date
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
e3ebc846-8f46-4601-a94d-7513106a59b5
Heterophile antibody test is done for: September 2010
Rickettsial infections
Infectious mononucleosis
Smallpox
Japanese encephalitis
1b
multi
Ans. B: Infectious mononucleosis A heterophile agglutination is a test that measures the agglutination of the red blood cells of sheep by the serum of patients with infectious mononucleosis. Diagnostic tests are used to confirm infectious mononucleosis but the disease should be suspected from symptoms prior to the resu...
Microbiology
null
e3292ae9-466e-4837-912e-64e6fe0a32c1
Gallstone are associated with which Neuro Endocrine Tumour :-
Insulinoma
VIPoma
Somastostatinoma
Glucagonoma
2c
multi
Somatostatinoma syndrome is a triad of diabetes mellitus, diarrhea and gallstones, but also includes weight loss and hypochlorhydria.
Surgery
Gallbladder
3a6b4569-defb-49b4-8430-ff9ea210a929
A 69 year old male presents with an episode of slurring of speech which lasted for 12 hours and then resolved.He is heavy smoker having smoked 60 cigarettes per day for 40 years. He had a single episode of haemoptysis 4 weeks previously and has underlying lung cancer with brain metastases and is referred for an urgent ...
Left atrial myxoma
Left atrial thrombus
Infective endocarditis
Rhabdomyoma
1b
multi
The axial image from a contrast enhanced CT scan, in aerial phase, shows a filling defect in the left atrial appendage layered along the anterior wall. Given the clinical history and the CT appearance, the most likely diagnosis is of thrombus in the LA as a consequence of AF. Myxomas generally arise from interatrial se...
Radiology
Cardiovascular Radiology
8f5871c7-a373-4f4b-8185-78e298dc42dc
The patho-physiological phenomenon that occurs during atheromatous plaque formation and is used for screening of 'asymptomatic coronary plaques' on CT scan is:
Increased outer diameter of coronary aery
Decreased inner diameter of coronary aery
Calcium deposition in the atheromatous plaque
Lipoid degeneration in the plaque.
2c
single
C i.e. Calcium deposition in the atheromatous plaque Screening of asymptomatic coronary plaques on. CT scan (EBCT & MDCT) uses calcium depositionQ as a surrogate marker for detecting the presence & amout of atherosclerosis. CT attenuation within non calcified fibrous pique (91-116) is greater than within noncalcified l...
Radiology
null
a7546f5c-c78a-4021-9e5f-6af608e99c67
Screening test used in first trimester for aneuploidy -
PAPP-A &estradiol
PAPP-A & AFP
PAPP-A &beta HCG
Beta HCG & inhibin
2c
single
Ans. is'c'i.e., PAPP-A &beta HCG1st trimester aneuploidy screening:Human chorionic gonadotropin (either intact or free (b-hCG).Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A).Fetal Down syndrome in 1st trimester:Higher serum free beta-hCG level.Lower PAPP-A levels.Trisomy 18 & 13:Lowered levels of both HCG PAPPP-A.2nd t...
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
e78dc09d-3366-42c3-9bc2-02dcb1afe7f0
Which of the following is most dependent on vasovagal reflex?
Chewing
Swallowing
Receptive relaxation
Segmentation of intestine
2c
multi
Ans. c (Receptive relaxation). (Ref. Ganong, Physiology, 21st ed., 498)Receptive Relaxation# When food enters stomach, fundus and upper part of the body relax and accommodate food with little if any increase in pressure known as receptive relaxation.# It is vagally mediated and triggered by pharyngeal and esophageal mo...
Physiology
Nervous System
78414896-96de-45c7-9d8a-550b79a56eaf
Position of mid-inguinal point is ?
Midpoint of Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS) and pubic tubercle
Mid point of ASIS and pubic symphysis
Mid point of both ASIS
Mid-point of inguinal ligament
1b
multi
Ans-B
Unknown
null
8707a5b8-8fbc-445c-9c56-31d78521d3bc
A woman develops chickenpox at 39 weeks. She has a single fetus in the cephalic presentation. She has no other pregnancy complications.What is the best method to prevent neonatal infection?
Continue the pregnancy for at least one week.
Give varicella zoster vaccine to the neonate soon after birth
Give VZIG to the neonate soon after birth
Induce labor immediately
0a
single
Ans. is a, i.e. Continue the pregnancy for at least one weekIf delivery can be postponed for at least 7 days, the mother will develop antibodies and there will be transplacental transfer of antibodies to the neonate. The neonate will have passive immunity and will not develop the infection. Therefore, the best method t...
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Medical & Surgical Illness Complication Pregnancy
2c931453-2e94-4640-a41a-982e70a7c6ae
Which organs do not utilise ketone bodies?
Skeletal muscles
Cardiac muscles
Liver
RBC
3d
single
In the fasting state, glucose must be spared for use by the central nervous system (which is largely dependent on glucose) and the red blood cells (which are wholly reliant on glucose). Therefore, tissues that can use fuels other than glucose do so; muscle and liver oxidize fatty acids and the liver synthesizes ketone ...
Biochemistry
Metabolism of lipid
fb3c010a-ca72-4a08-9851-0295c2da6eda
'Hair on end' appearance is characteristically seen in
Thalasemia major
Sickle cell anaemia
G 6PD deficiency
Hereditary spherocytosis
0a
multi
Ans. a (Thalassemia major) (Ref. Radiology Review Manual, 5th/pg.174)Causes of "hair on end" or "crew hair cut" skull are# Thalassemia (Characteristic)# Hereditary spherocytosis# Sickle cell disease# G-6-PD deficiency# Iron deficiency anaemia# Neuroblastoma
Radiology
Skeletal System
c8b99824-b041-4b00-ab09-0d7289c19324
Insulinoma is most commonly located in which part of the pancreas -
Head
Body
Tail
Equally distributed
3d
multi
“Insulinomas invariably occur only in the pancreas, distributed equally in the pancreatic head, body and tail". — Harrison 17/e Insulinomas are a β cell endocrinal tumur of the pancreas. Insulinomas are the most common pancreatic endocrine neoplasms. The symptoms are produced due to excessive secretion of insulin caus...
Surgery
null
9c545cc6-5217-4737-a1c9-c6e31942ca2b
A child comes with cyanotic spells and chest X-ray was as shown below; What is the most probable diagnosis?
Tetralogy of Fallot
Tricuspid atresia
Pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum
TAPVC
0a
multi
a. Tetralogy of Fallot(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 2211-2217,, Ghai 8/e p 420-423)The given history along with chest X-ray finding of Boot shaped heart suggests a diagnosis of Tetralogy of Fallot.
Pediatrics
C.V.S.
0ebf2809-2cd1-43c4-bf6f-d985236e8ce3
Which morphological type of cataract is most visually handicapping ?
Cortical
Nuclear
Posterior subcapsular
Zonular
2c
multi
Cupuliform (Posterior subcapsular) cataract lies right in the pathway of the axial rays and thus causes an early loss of visual acuity.
Ophthalmology
null
565b756b-e493-4809-a735-9f3135c5bcd1
A 16 yr old boy is brought to the emergency room by ambulance after suffering a concussion during a football game. When he awoke he had difficulty expressing himself verbally but was able to understand and follow commands. His condition is most likely caused by damage to which of the following?
The hippocampus
The temporal lobe
The parietal lobe
The limbic system
1b
multi
Aphasia is a language disorder in which a person is unable to properly express or understand ceain aspects of written or spoken language. It is caused by lesions to the language centers of the brain, which, for the majority of persons, are located within the left hemisphere in the poions of the temporal and frontal lob...
Surgery
null
734f67fe-18c8-4b8b-ade8-d49c4f7b682a
Which of the following procedures is used as a routine technique in karyotyping using light microscopy?
G banding
C banding
Q banding
Brd V-staining
0a
single
null
Pathology
null
28042c9e-4e90-4dde-b643-20278486db4f
Atheroma resulting in angina has following characteristic except -
Thin fibrous cap
Thick fibrous cap
Lack of macrophage
Lack of smooth muscle cell
2c
multi
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Lack of macrophage o Atherosclerotic plaque is composed of three major components. Cellular component --> Predeminantly smooth muscle cells and macrophages. Others are lymphocytes. Connective tissue matrix (ECM) --> Collegen, elastic fibers, proteoglycans. Lipids --> Both intracellular and extracellul...
Pathology
null
b025f103-728c-45d6-ab7c-52b655ba9244
Cyanosis is not seen in-
CHF
COPD
CO poisoning
High altitude
2c
single
Ans. is 'c' i.e., CO poisoing Hypoxic hypoxia (hypoxemia)Anemic hypoxiaStagnant hypoxiaHistotoxic hypoxiao Cyanosis presentCauses :* Hypoventilation as seen in interstitial lung disease & COPD* Cyanotic CHD* Reduced diffusion capacity* Right to left shunt, e.g. A V malformation* V/Q mismatch* High altitudeo Cyanosis ab...
Physiology
Heart, Circulation, and Blood
cd7568d9-eaa3-49ae-b52a-7d99331dda43
Make the diagnosis of a 26 day old Infant presenting with recurrent nonbilious vomiting with costipation and loss of wt?
Oesophageal atresia
Choledochal cyst
Ileal atresia
Pyloric stenosis
3d
single
Ans is 'd' ie Pyloric stenosis This is a typical picture of pyloric stenosis a) Infant presenting in 4th week b) Non-bilious vomitting. c) With constipation and wt. loss. Lets see other options. Esophageal atresia a) Infant presents soon after bih with complaints of regurgitation of milk, saliva pours almost continuous...
Surgery
null
f64021c3-272b-4a12-927c-8f53cab837f2
Which of the following is seen in cryoglobulinemia
IgG
IgM
IgA
IgE
1b
single
Abnormal Ig Bence Jones proteins Light chain of Ig ( Kappa or Lambda )WaldenstormmacroglobulinemiaIg M Heavy chain disease Fc pa of heavy chain CryoglobulinemiaPrecipitate at low temperature (Ref: Ananthanarayan 9th edition, 96-98)
Microbiology
Immunology
6de0a632-e173-4b39-9c6e-4e933326b0e7
Malleus is derived from
Meckel's cartilage
Reinche's cartilage
Third pharyngeal arch
Second pharyngeal arch
0a
multi
i.e. (Meckel's Cartilage): (316-109 IBS- Embryology 8th)* Malleus and Incus are derived from the dorsal end of the Meckel's cartilage (First arch)*** Stapes is formed from the dorsal end of the cartilage of second pharyngeal archNerves of pharyngeal arches and muscles supplied by themArchNerve of ArchMuscles of ArchCar...
Anatomy
Embryology
ad5ab233-d381-46c9-a57c-14d08cb38540
On otological examination all of the following will have positive fistula test except:
Dead ear
Labyrinthine fistula
Hypermobile stapes footplate
Following fenestration surgery
0a
multi
(a) Dead ear(Ref. Shambaugh, 6th ed., page 181)If there is a fistula on the medial wall but inner ear is dead (not responding to pressure changes), then in spite of presence of fistula, fistula test will be negative. This is false negative fistula test.If the footplate of stapes is hypermobile, it results in false posi...
ENT
Assessment of Vestibular Function
a9db0a8c-2857-4897-9d5f-801c1b2f4d68
All are characteristics of Autism except
Onset often age of 6 years
Repeatitive behaviour
Delayed language development
Severe deficit in social interaction
0a
multi
These are some of the characteristics of ASD: problems with social interaction with others. This may include problems talking back and foh, working, or playing with others. unusual interest in objects need for sameness great variation in abilities under or over reaction to one or more of the five senses: sight, touch, ...
Pediatrics
Central Nervous system
9c91e766-bd52-4467-8b1f-e59a343ff751
Which apoprotein is the most impoant to activate lipoprotein lipase -
Apo-A I
Apo B48
Apo-C II
Apo-E
2c
single
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Apo-C IIMajor activator of lipoprotein lipase is apo-CII
Biochemistry
null
a1421c4e-071b-4e2b-928e-c8b8e38fe80f
Risk of the damage of fetus by maternal rubella is maximum if mother gets infected in
20-24 weeks of pregnancy
24-28 weeks of pregnancy
32-36 weeks of pregnancy
6-12 weeks of pregnancy
3d
single
Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS): CRS is said to have occurred if: – Infant has IgM rubella antibodies shortly after birth, or – IgG antibodies persist for more than 6 months Major determinant of extent of fetal infection in CRS: Gestational age at which fetal transmission occurs, – Infection in I trimester: MOST ...
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
242abd9d-6d57-444c-8f05-295b35d2ac69
In organophosphorous poisoning, following are seen except -
Pupillary dilatation
Salivation
Bronchospasm
Sweating
0a
multi
null
Forensic Medicine
null
16011078-7d67-423e-9357-c8aace697cc0
TGF-β is involved in all of the process of angiogenesis except:
Stimulates fibroblast migration and proliferation
Formation of the vascular lumen
Increases the synthesis of collagen
Decreases the degradation of ECM
1b
multi
TGF-β stimulates fibroblast migration and proliferation, increases the synthesis of collagen and fibronectin, and decreases the degradation of ECM by inhibiting metalloproteinases. TGF-β is involved not only in scar formation after injury but also in the development of fibrosis in lung, liver, and kidneys that follows ...
Pathology
null
7ddfe7cc-82f1-4d7d-a2d4-b0a6ed3cc59c
Cavallo's sign is seen in -
Tricuspid Regurgitation
Mitral Stenosis
Aoic Stenosis
Aoic Regurgitation
0a
multi
Ans. A. Tricuspid Regurgitation
Medicine
null
4517b17f-3651-4b3e-b487-ffbb10030f57
Sympathetic ophthalmitis usually results due to:
Glaucoma
Trachoma
Penetrating injury to Ciliary body
Uveitis
2c
multi
Ans. (c) Penetrating injury to Ciliary bodyRef.: A.K. Khurana 6th ed. /163, 437* Sympathetic ophthalmitis is a serious bilateral granulomatous panuveitis which usually occurs due to penetrating trauma to ciliary body.* The injured eye is called exciting eye.* Fellow eye which also develops uvieitis is called sympathizi...
Ophthalmology
Ocular Trauma
ef3b0a33-b76e-4083-b2f0-cee3b3483365
Wermer syndrome is -
MEN 1
MEN HA
MEN IIB
AIP
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., MEN 1
Pathology
null
ead7d7aa-60a7-4d01-939b-b457f69cc21c
If hardness level of water is 50-150 mg/L, the water is defined as -
Soft
Moderately hard
Flard
Very hard
1b
single
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Moderately hard Classification of hardness in waterClassificationLevel of hardness (mEq./litre)a) Soft waterb) Moderately hardc) Hard waterd) Very hard waterLess than 1 (< 50 mg/L)1 - 3 (50 - 150 mg/L)3 - 6 (150 - 300 mg/L)Over 6 (> 300 mg/L)
Social & Preventive Medicine
Environment and Health
7055e62b-fc08-48ee-8522-348275eadf0a
Berson and yellow 1st described the following test
RIA
ELISA
Immuno chromatography
Chemiluminescence assay
0a
single
Berson and Yalow discovered RIA in 1959 by which we can quantify antigens or hormones upto picograms-v sensitive than ELISA RIA /ELISA-indirect immunofluorescence tests Ref: Textbook of Microbiology Baveja 5th ed Pg 115
Microbiology
Immunology
4f2dc108-00d1-43e1-ba83-48b236d81b7c
Little&;s are is
Anteroinferior lateral wall
Anteroinferior nasal septum
Posteroinferior lateral wall
Posterinferior nasal septum
1b
multi
The anteroinferior pa or vestibule of the septum contains anastomoses between the septal ramus of the superior labial branch of facial aery,branch of sphenopalatine aery,greater palatine and of anterior ethmoidal aery These form a large capillary network called kiesselbachs plexus. This is a common site of bleeding fro...
Anatomy
Head and neck
cfacb602-e63d-455a-8c59-94254816cbce
Pyrimidine overproduction results in all except
Hyperuricemia
Reye syndrome
orotic aciduria
Megaloblastic anemia
0a
multi
Defective enzyme of pyrimidine metabolism Signs and symptoms Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Can develop toxicity to 5-fluorouracil, also a substrate for this dehydrogenase Orotate phosphoribosyl transferase and orotidylic acid decarboxylase Orotic acid aciduria type 1, megaloblastic anemia Orotidylic acid decarboxylas...
Biochemistry
Metabolism of nucleic acids
f05c4efc-1f54-4095-bd8a-1bf62920a476
Characteristic features of a lesion in the lateral part of the medulla include all except -
Ipsilateral Homer's syndrome
Contralateral loss of proprioception to the body and limbs
Nystagmus
Dysphagia
1b
multi
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Contralateral loss of proprioception to the body and limbs
Medicine
C.N.S.
3854b037-32ab-45a8-b823-51f5a1cb4bc6
Peripheral blood smear in Plasmodium falciparum infection may show all of the following except-
Male gametocyte
Trophozoite
Female gamatocyte
Schizont
3d
multi
Examination of Giemsa-stained peripheral blood smear is the standard test for the diagnosis of malarial infection. Classic ring-shaped/headphone-shaped trophozoites,malegamates,female gamates are seen in case of Plasmodium falciparum infection. Ref Harrison20th edition pg 1078
Medicine
Infection
3fb13ff3-6fce-4e65-b55c-ca506e617d6c
Main vascular supply of Little's area is all, except
Septal branch of superior labial aery
Nasal branch of ethmoidal aery
Anterior ethmoidal nerve
Palatal branch of sphenopalatine
3d
multi
The anteroinferior pa or vestibule of the septum contains anastomoses between the septal ramus of the superior labial branch of the facial aery, branch of sphenopalatine aery, greater palatine and of anterior ethmoidal aery. These form a large capillary network called kiesselbachs plexus. This is a common site of bleed...
Anatomy
Head and neck
75068f4f-0ec8-45d1-99ad-1fd188fda199
Active agent of cannabis resemble which endogenous compound
Endorphin
Endomorphins
Anandamine
Enkaphalin
2c
single
Anandamide is a neurotransmitter produced in the brain that binds to the THC receptors. It's been called the "bliss molecule," aptly named after ananda, the Sanskrit word for "joy, bliss, or happiness." It is considered an endocannabinoid -- a substance produced in the body that binds to cannabinoid receptors Ref: guyt...
Physiology
Nervous system
653aa324-b8fc-437d-b8f3-de9413473b60
Quick Reduction of blood pressure is done in
Cerebral infarct
Hypertensive encephalopathy
Myocardial infarction
Any patient with hypertension
1b
single
null
Medicine
null
5652e6fe-251a-41ba-8f9b-597ce8549e47
All are vector born diseases except ?
KFD
JE
Brucella
Plague
2c
multi
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Brucella In vector born diseases, an ahropad or any living carrier acts as a vector and transpos an infectious agent to susceptible individual. KFD, JE, and plague are transmitted by ahropods.
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
5863a94d-e8ed-4fc5-9c24-ff3bb1bc64e9
All are true regarding CMV except -
Double stranded DNA virus
Rarely causes problems in immunocompetent person
Foscarnet can eliminate CMV
Tretinitis rare when CD4 count >200/mm3
2c
multi
Acyclovir is useful in prophylaxis but not in treatment. Ganciclovir and foscarnet have been found to be effective and are used in patients with AIDS. REF:ANANTHANARAYAN AND PANIKER'S TEXTBOOK OF MICROBIOLOGY 9TH EDITION PAGE NO:474
Microbiology
Virology
5fa39fef-a320-421a-949e-21023988ea7e
Which of the following is not seen in chronic renal failure: September 2010
Hyperkalemia
Metabolic acidosis
Hypophosphatemia
Hypocalcemia
2c
single
Ans. C: Hypophosphatemia CKD (Chronic kidney disease) is initially without specific symptoms and can only be detected as an increase in serum creatinine or protein in the urine. As the kidney function decreases: Blood pressure is increased due to fluid overload and production of vasoactive hormones, increasing one's ri...
Medicine
null
0070d4f2-e496-4894-bcf2-6ac1e0b06114
Carotid aery stenosis in -vivo screening choice is
USG
CT
MRI
Doppler
3d
single
Most carotid imaging is now performed with Doppler ultrasound, CTA, MRA performed without exogenous contrast injection such as 2- or 3-dimensional time-of-flight (TOF) methods or contrast-enhanced MRA (CEMRA) performed dynamically after an intravenous bolus of gadolinium-based contrast.CEMRA is the most accurate method...
Radiology
All India exam
14f5b028-ae3d-49a4-897a-a2f7e84f3be5
True statement about inheritence of an X linked recessive trait is -
50% of boys of carrier mother are affected
50% of girls of diseased father are carrier
Father transmits disease to the son
Mother transmits the disease to the daughter
0a
multi
Ans. is 'a' i.e., 50% of boys of carrier mother are affected
Pathology
null
259bf5d7-9628-4e76-932a-f65597d8b310
Most common cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage is:-
Hypeension
AV malformation
Berry aneurysm
Tumors
2c
single
MC cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage : Trauma > Spontaneous rupture of Berry Aneurysm
Surgery
Cerebrovascular Diseases
51a6ee0e-ce05-4d49-b378-65229964b62d
True about 1gM:
Is dimeric
Activates complement
Is not synthesized by fetus
Is the last to cross
1b
multi
Activates complement
Microbiology
null
b3729b3d-c934-435d-ac67-7ee4557a3e79
True regarding GERD is all except -
Avoid coffee & tea
Transient lower esophageal relaxation
Lower esophageal sphincter length and its pressure is impoant
Proton pump inhibitor is the treatment of choice
2c
multi
Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease Gastro-oesophageal reflux resulting in heaburn affects approximately 30% of the general population. Pathophysiology Occasional episodes of gastro-oesophageal reflux are common in healthy individuals. Reflux is normally followed by oesophageal peristaltic waves that efficiently clear th...
Medicine
G.I.T
427b35b9-c757-43ad-aeed-a30c18125aa8
Abductor of the larynx is:
Crico-arytenoideus posterior
Crico-arytenoideus lateralis
Arytenoideus transversus
Vocalis muscle
0a
single
Abduction (opening) of the vocal folds: The posterior cricoarytenoid muscles pull the muscular processes posteriorly, rotating the vocal processes laterally and thus widening the rims glottides. Adduction (closing) of the vocal folds : The lateral cricoarytenoid muscles pull the muscular processes anteriorly, rotating ...
ENT
null
c31b2297-8d11-46c7-b8d4-3a81b15c71c0
A patient died during surgery. The relatives allege that death was due to negligence, According to a recent Supreme Court judgment, doctor can be charged for Medical Negligence under section 304-A, only if:
There is corporate negligence
Negligence is from inadvertent error
There is gross negligence
It falls under the doctrine of Res Ipsa Loquitor
2c
multi
Ans. c. There is gross negligence (Ref: Reddy 33/e, p40, 29/e p34)A physician can be charged with criminal negligence in Section 304 A, when a patient dies from the effects of anesthesia during, an operation or other kind of treatment, if it can be proved that the death was the result if malicious intention, or gross n...
Forensic Medicine
Medical Negligence
1271e620-fafd-413f-b74d-83f8d648c354
Kala azar is spread by -
House fly
Black fly
Sand fly
Tse tse fly
2c
single
Kala azar or visceral leishmaniasis is a protozoal disease.It is transmited from person to person by bite of female Phlebotomus argentipus.Transmission also occurs by contamination of bite wound or by crushing the insect during act of feeding.it may transmit by blood transfusion also. C/f : fever,splenomegaly,hepatomeg...
Social & Preventive Medicine
Environment and health
096bead7-9d30-4410-ad72-4f96eb774844
In which of the following condition is OCP contraindicated ?
Hea disease
Thromboembolism
Breast cancer
All of the above
3d
multi
ABSOLUTE CONTRAINDICATIONS OF OCP: *Known or suspected breast cancer *Severe hyperiglyceridemia/hypercholestrolemia *Undiagnosed vaginal bleeding *Thrombophlebitis/thromboembolism , cerebral and cardiac disorders *Pregnancy *Hypeension (moderate to severe) *Impaired liver RELATIVE CONTRAINDICATIONS OF OCP: *Migraine wi...
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
23dd7dc8-d134-411c-b3db-1327a5b00d11
Polio virus is shed in stool up to -
6 weeks
8 weeks
10 weeks
12 weeks
3d
single
- the polio is transmitted by faecal oral route by contaminmates food , water or hands. - in faeces, the virus is excreted as long as 3-4 months. Reference : Park's textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, pg no:205 <\p>
Social & Preventive Medicine
Communicable diseases
6b54cc85-9c17-40ee-acb4-df2c5e0c17e5
During normal conversation sound heard at 1meter distance is
60 dB
80 dB
90 dB
120 dB
0a
single
At a distance of 1 m , intensity of Whisper - 30 dB Normal conversation - 60 dB Shout - 90 dB Discomfo of the ear - 120 dB Pain in the ear - 130 dB Ref: Dhingra 7e pg 21.
ENT
Ear
b53814c5-58d5-4860-b4e5-ce32d5dfa5eb
When porcelain is baked against metal, it should possess a
high fusion expansion
high fusion temperature
linear coefficient of thermal expansion less than, but close to that of metal
linear coefficient of thermal expansion greater than, but close to that of the metal
2c
single
null
Dental
null
d77f0d8f-819f-40b3-af7b-d0ac8de446a4
Wagon wheel effect is due to:
Less tip more torque
Less torque more tip
More tip and torque
Tipping and retraction of anterior teeth
0a
single
When buccal crown torque is incorporated in the wire, the roots of anterior teeth tend to converge towards centre like spokes of wheel. It has been often called wagon wheel effect. Following final space closure required torque is attained by incorporation of active root torque in the anterior segment. Due to wagon whee...
Dental
null
dadd176d-9e55-46f6-b8bb-424b6e9821df
Macula densa in kidney is located in relation to -
PCT
DCT
Afferent aeriole
Efferent aeriole
1b
single
B i.e. DCT
Physiology
null
9abee11b-6ff8-4a3a-972b-7dd32a2f3348
Griseofulvin is not useful in one of the following:
Tinea capitis
Tinea cruris
Tinea versicolor
Tinea pedis
2c
single
Ans. (C) Tinea versicolor(Ref: CMDT -2010/110)Griseofulvin is used for dermatophytoses including Tinea capitis, Tinea cruris, Tinea pedis, Tinea unguum and Tinea corporis etc.Tinea versicolor is caused by a yeast Malassezia furfur. It is treated by selenium sulfide and ketoconazole shampoo.
Pharmacology
Chemotherapy: General Principles
9584453c-729d-4386-89c4-9f612b2c66e3
Drugs used for prophylaxis in BPD -a) Chlorpromazineb) Lithiumc) Carbamazepined) Zolpideme) Sodium valproate
ab
bc
bce
ace
2c
single
Three drugs are commonly used for maintenance treatment to prevent recurrence of BPD:- Lithium (DOC), Valproate, and Carbanzezapine. Topiramate and Gabapentine can also be used.
Psychiatry
null
4311ea2c-2242-4d69-82ef-30ca49849f29
Urachus fistula is a remanant of ?
Yolk sac
Allantois
Chorion
Amnion
1b
multi
Urachus fistula is a remnant of allantoic diveiculum If patent urachus in adults, urine dribbles from umbilicus known as wheeping umbilicus Inderbir Singh's Human embryology Pg 97
Anatomy
General anatomy
d803ce5b-29a9-4d59-a897-665d73778d51
The odontogenic neoplasm, which is composed of loose, primitive-appearing connective tissue that resembles dental pulp, microscopically is known as _____.
Odontoma
Ameloblastoma
Ameloblastic fibroma
Odontogenic myxoma
3d
multi
Odontogenic myxomas are connective tissue neoplasms that contain little collagen. This gives them an embryonic look microscopically
Pathology
null
308ce2fc-5ac5-4f76-9ae1-6b6fca955189
Food poisoning is an example of:
Point source epidemic
Propagated source epidemic
Common source epidemic
Pandemic
0a
single
1. Point source epidemic ( single exposure ) Sudden rise sudden fall. Cluster of cases in single IP. All cases develop within one incubation period of the disease E.g. Food poisoning , Bhopal gas tragedy. 2. Common source , continuous or repeated exposure epidemics Sharp rise Fall is interrupted by secondary peaks Eg. ...
Social & Preventive Medicine
Time Distribution, Epidemics
37d27b24-aac8-41d0-87df-93e0f4816ccf
Classify the following according to Kennedy's classification
Class III maxillary arch
Class III mandibular arch
Class II mandibular arch
Class IV mandibular arch
1b
single
null
Dental
null
ed7ebdf9-28f2-4350-b76b-e008b7ac4c4e
Stemmer's sign is
Swelling in the foot seen with lymphoedema
Loss of normal perimalleolar shape in lymphoedema
Subcutaneous fibrosis which makes skin over dorsum of foot not pinchable
Pitting Oedema in filariasis
2c
multi
Skin over the dorsum of foot cannot be pinched because of subcutaneous fibrosis in filariasis = STEMMER'S SIGN.
Surgery
null
cb50cded-1a26-469f-9df2-87be1173706c
Which muscle of larynx is not supplied by recurrent laryngeal nerve -
Vocalis
Thyroarytenoid
Cricothyroid
Interarytenoid
2c
single
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Cricothyroid o All intrinsic muscles are supplied by the reccurrent laryngeal nerve except cricothyroid which is supplied by the external laryngeal nerve.Nerve supply of larynxo The main cranial nerve innervating the larynx is the vagus nerve via its branches; superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) and recurr...
ENT
Larynx
4907cdb7-d768-4c4e-bfb0-76afdb03f0e6
SEPS is a procedure used for :
Veins
Aeries
Lymphatics
AV fistula
0a
single
Subfascial Endoscopic Perforator Vein Surgery (SEPS) SEPS is a new endoscopic technique for the management of chronic venous insufficiency due to incompetent perforator veins. SEPS involves inseion of a rigid endoscope through the skin and superficial fascia to a plane above the muscle, such that perforator veins are v...
Surgery
Vascular surgery
1aaeab68-7822-4f8c-a2b6-67df3f623962
Deficiency of which of the following vitamin is most commonly seen in sho bowel syndrome with ileal resection:
Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamine)
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
Folic Acid
Vitamin K
0a
single
Answer is A (Vitamin B12) Cyanocobalarnine (Vitamin B12) deficiency is the most common deficiency in patients with sho bowel syndrome associated with loss of ileum (ileal resection) since vitamin B12 is absorbed only in the ileum. `Cyanocobalamine (Vitamin B12) is the most common deficiency and occurs predictably after...
Medicine
null
d2c083fb-c7d7-40a9-8802-59bf29188590
A 30 year old G1P1001 patient comes to see you In office at 37 weeks gestational age for her routine OB visit. Her 1st pregnancy resulted in a vaginal delivery of a 9-lb, 8-02 baby boy after 30 minutes of pushing. On doing Leopold maneuvers during this office visit codetermine ttwt the fetus is breech. Vaginal exam dem...
Allow the patient to undergo a vaginal breech delivery whenever she goes into labor
Send the patient to labor and delivery immediately for an emergen CS
Schedule a CS at or after 39 weeks gestation a
Schedule an ext cephalic version In next few days
1b
multi
definite indications for elective Caesarean section all complicated breech pregnancy Contracted or borderline pelvis Large babies Severe IUGR Hyper extension of fetal head Footling or knee presentation Previous Caesarean section Lack of an obstetrician experienced in assisted breech delivery can also be considered an i...
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Abnormal labor
dea11c86-5df3-4eb8-be6f-acf57fc0e7f0
Which of the following is true regarding lattice formation?
Associated with precipitation and not agglutination
Associated with agglutination and not precipitation
Associated with both
Neither associated with precipitation nor agglutination
2c
multi
Marrack proposed the lattice hypothesis to explain the mechanism of precipitation. Precipitation results when a large lattice is formed consisting of alternating antigen and antibody molecules. This is possible only in the zone of equivalence. The lattice hypothesis holds good for agglutination also.Ref: Ananthanarayan...
Microbiology
general microbiology
79d0c61c-76c1-4fb2-9112-618c3235081c
Calcium channel blockers are used in all except
Angina
Arrythymia
Congestive hea failure
Hypeension
2c
multi
Calcium channel blockers prevent calciumfrom entering cells of the hea and blood vessel walls, resulting in lower blood pressure. Calcium channel blockers, also called calcium antagonists, relax and widen blood vessels by affecting the muscle cells in the aerial walls Refer kDT 6/e p 502,551
Pharmacology
Cardiovascular system
5c5ad07d-9c1c-4f0b-b60a-967182ae19a4
A patient presented with abdominal pain, jaundice and melena. The diagnosis is
Hemobilia
Acute cholangitis
Carcinoma gallbladder
Acute pancreatitis
0a
multi
Clinical features of Hemobilia Characterised by Quinck's triad (Sandblom's triad) : GI hemorrhage +biliary colic +jaundice Presentation: Melena (90 %), hemetemesis (60%), biliary colic (70%), and jaundice (60%). Tendency for delayed presentation (upto weeks) and recurrent brisk but limited bleeding over months and even...
Anatomy
G.I.T
18809fc3-640b-47c5-a7cf-09978e3f8159
Diabetes mellitus is associated with all except -
Pendred syndrome
Down's syndrome
Turner's syndrome
Klinefelters syndrome
0a
multi
Ref -researchgate.net
Medicine
Endocrinology
bdcc57e3-a2e0-49af-a01d-e73c5d710321
AFP is raised in all except:
Polycystic kidney
Trisomy
IUD
Oesophageal atresia
1b
multi
As we have discussed earlier – AFP levels are raised in : Under estimated gestational age Decreased liqour Decreased birth weight of infant and decreased maternal weight IUD Multifetal pregnancy (The amount of AFP entering the maternal circulation is proportional to the number of fetuses). Defects which permit more re...
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
59237c3a-24ca-4557-a1c9-ec62de152b89
Treatment objective for serial extraction:
To intercept a developing arch-length deficiency and to reduce or eliminate the need for extensive appliance therapy
Reduce arch-length deficiency
To plan for extensive appliance therapy
To reduce arch-length deficiency & to plan for extensive appliance therapy
0a
single
Benefits of Serial Extraction Serial extraction guides or encourages eruption of permanent teeth in a favorable position. Reduces malposition of individual teeth. Avoids loss of labial alveolar bone. Reduces treatment time when active orthodontic treatment is required.  Textbook of ORTHODONTICS Sridhar Premkumar
Dental
null
7fa10659-a9dd-4037-8e99-b3f2b9e6d2b1
Kwashiorkor is similar to marasmus in that both diseases have
A normal total caloric intake
A fatty liver
An apathetic affect
Anemia
3d
multi
Both marasmus and kwashiorkor are associated with anemia. Marasmus is characterized by a low calorie intake. Dietary deficiencies are compensated for by the break­down of protein and fats. Key findings include: Growth failure, Alertness, Hunger, Monkey-like appearance , Broomstick extremities , Muscle wasting, Mild ane...
Unknown
null
da904c5f-5665-45f9-8bb2-739b107fc9c0
In varicocele surgery, venous drainage is done by:
IVC
Aoa
Superior epigastric vein
Cremasteric vein
3d
single
Treatment* High inguinal ligation (near deep ring) of pampiniform plexus of veins* Microvascular sub inguinal ligation (best results)* Palomo's operation: ligation of Left Gonadal Vein in retroperitoneum * Alternative venous drainage cremasteric veins
Surgery
Testis and scrotum
96384d84-a951-4fad-98a7-aa4953a08730
Ventouse is contraindicated in all except :
Fetal distress
Face presentation
Transverse lie
Anemia
3d
multi
Anemia
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
d5e9c322-0861-4b2c-afa4-0369d52c8c73
Cholangiocarcinoma ?
Obesity
Opistorchissinensis infection
Salmonella carrier state
HBV infection
1b
single
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Opistorchissinensis infectionCholangiocarcinomaCholangiocarcinoma is malignancy of the biliary tree, arising from bile ducts within or outside the liver.Risk factors : -Primary sclerosing cholangitisCongenital fibropolycystic disease of the biliary system (caroli disease, choledochal cyst).Exposure to...
Pathology
null
8a928b7f-2bf0-4ef0-a4fa-12fc088586ea
Hormone responsible for decidual reaction and arias Stella reaction in ectopic pregnancy is -
Oestrogen
Progesterone
HCG
HPL
1b
single
Hormone responsible for decidual reaction and arias Stella reaction in Ectopic as well as Intrauterine pregnancy is Progesterone Arias stella reaction is the localized hypersecretory endometrium seen in ectopic pregnancy.
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Obstetrics
e0784d18-13f3-4b50-9701-689f5022d917
Treatment of erythematous skin rash with multiple pus lakes in a pregnant woman is:
Coicosteroids
Retinoids
Methotrexate
Psoralen with PUVA
0a
single
A i.e. Coicosteroids
Skin
null
b23fac5c-30bc-4734-8d33-ba1a8ed8414b
|A 65-year-old male complains of severe back pain and inability to move his left lower limb. Radiographic studies demonstrate the compression of nerve elements at the intervertebral foramen between vertebrae L5 and S1. Which structure is most likely responsible for this space-occupying lesion?
Anulus fibrosus
Nucleus pulposus
Posterior longitudinal ligament
Anterior longitudinal ligament
1b
single
Compression of nerves at the intervertebral foramen indicates a disk herniation. A disk herniation is characterized by protrusion of the nucleus pulposus from the anulus fibrosus posterolaterally into the spinal canal or intervertebral foramen. The ligaments may be affected by the herniation but are not responsible for...
Anatomy
Upper Extremity
e8baa38c-c4f1-4e2c-8571-238d48014198
A patient presents with a unilateral ca breast of 4 cm size with skin ulceration involving the nipple. On palpation axillary lymph nodes are positive. Management would involve:
Breast conserving procedure
Simple mastectomy
Modified radical mastectomy
Palliative treatment
2c
multi
Here this patient is having Stage III disease (T4, N1 or N2, M0) according to the TNM table given above. Hence the management would be - Neoadjuvant chemotherapy + MRM + adjuvant radiation therapy + chemotherapy + antiestrogen therapy
Surgery
null
a5a19042-e6d7-4a15-80d7-76902132c6c6
Following changes are seen during capacitation of a sperms except ?
Increased permeability to calcium
Decreased permeability to calcium
Removal of cholesterol from acrosome
Increased motility
1b
multi
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Decreased permeability to calcium Capacitation of sperm (spermatozoa) Spermatozoa leaving the testis (seminiferous ubules) are not fully mobile. They continue their maturation and acquire their mobility during their passage through epididymis. From epididymis they come to vas deference, distal end of ...
Physiology
null