text stringlengths 1 1.11k | source dict |
|---|---|
machine-learning, reinforcement-learning
Title: How does generalised advantage estimation work? I've been trying to add GAE to my A2C implementation for a while now, but I' can't quite seem to grok how it works.
My understanding of it, is that it reduces the variance of the advantage estimation function by kind of 'av... | {
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"tags": "machine-learning, reinforcement-learning",
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website. Gupta) Solution manual Numerical Methods for Partial Differential Equations : Finite Difference and Finite Volume Methods (Sandip Mazumder). This is the problem of numerical differentiation. pyplot as plt N = 100 t_min = 0 t_max = 1 k = (t_max-t_min)/N x_min = 0 x_max = 1 a = 1 h = (x_max-x_min)/N alpha = a*k/... | {
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"id": null,
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"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9871787857334058,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8070921808494271,
"lm_q2_score": 0.817574478416099,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 611.0340591978346,
"openwebmath_score": 0.5929720401763916,
... |
everyday-chemistry, density
Explanation
Density $\rho$ is defined as
$$\rho=\frac{m}{V}$$
where
$m$ is mass, and
$V$ is volume.
The mass of a pure sample is given as
$$m=n\cdot M$$
where
$n$ is amount of substance, and
$M$ is molar mass.
The volume of a gas can be estimated using the ideal gas law as follows.
$$\begin... | {
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"tags": "everyday-chemistry, density",
"url": null
} |
c#, beginner
return res;
}
static int Calculate(int left, char op, int right)
{
switch (op)
{
case '+':
return left + right;
case '-':
return left - right;
case '*':
... | {
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"tags": "c#, beginner",
"url": null
} |
c#, error-handling, api, crud
The KeyType enum determines how keys are generated:
public enum KeyType
{
/// <summary>
/// Indicates that the key value is specified manually.
/// </summary>
Manual,
/// <summary>
/// Indicates that the key value is handled by the view, like an identity column.
... | {
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"tags": "c#, error-handling, api, crud",
"url": null
} |
python, python-2.x, flask, raspberry-pi
Title: Raspberry PI controllable Christmas Tree After having the scales, thermometer and a coffeemaker connected to the internet, it is finally time for Christmas Tree to become smarter.
Hardware
6ft Christmas Tree
An addressable WS2811 LED strip (3x50 was good enough for this ... | {
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"tags": "python, python-2.x, flask, raspberry-pi",
"url": null
} |
transition-metals, color
However transition metals are special in that the energy difference between the non-degenerate d orbitals correspond to the energy of radiation of the visible light spectrum. This means that when we look at the metal complex, we don't see the entire visible light spectrum, but only a part of i... | {
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"tags": "transition-metals, color",
"url": null
} |
ros, jointstate
import rospy
from sensor_msgs.msg import JointState
from std_msgs.msg import Int64
class CommandToJointState:
def __init__(self):
self.joint_name = rospy.get_param("lwheel",True)
self.joint_state = JointState()
self.joint_state.name.append(self.joint_name)
self.joi... | {
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"tags": "ros, jointstate",
"url": null
} |
condensed-matter, bose-einstein-condensate, superfluidity
*I use the term "expel" to draw an analogy with the corresponding property in superconductors, the Meissner effect.
Edit: response to comments:
Okay, I think a few things are being confused here regarding different definitions of BEC: | {
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"tags": "condensed-matter, bose-einstein-condensate, superfluidity",
"url": null
} |
chaos-theory, determinism, randomness
Title: Can a perfectly symmetrical round bead dropped into a perfectly level Galton Board indefinitely balance on a peg? Probability implies that "The Galton Board consists of a vertical board with interleaved rows of pegs. Beads are dropped from the top and, when the device is le... | {
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"tags": "chaos-theory, determinism, randomness",
"url": null
} |
high-dimensional spaces, doing the integral. Multivariate density estimation ( KDE ) is a non-parametric method used primarily estimate! On top of each other that they are practically on top of each other add your own kernel extend! ( NKDE ) has been used to detect cluster pattern of point events in the table... Are ma... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9838471651778591,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8043683307248893,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8175744761936437,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 604.6188888252856,
"openwebmath_score": 0.7354414463043213,
"tags": ... |
black-holes, fermions, dark-matter, pauli-exclusion-principle, gravitational-collapse
This can't happen for dark matter. The same dissipative processes do not occur, it can't radiate away energy, and the dark matter would pick up exactly the same amount of kinetic energy that would enable it to expand again.
See also ... | {
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"tags": "black-holes, fermions, dark-matter, pauli-exclusion-principle, gravitational-colla... |
arduino, rosserial
Comment by fergs on 2011-11-21:
You did change the baud rate for the sketch right? Default is 57600...
Comment by Pi Robot on 2011-11-21:
Communication is working in both directions. To confirm, I used minicom to talk to the radio on the explorer attached to the PC using baud rate 9600 and device /... | {
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"tags": "arduino, rosserial",
"url": null
} |
c++, beginner, programming-challenge, comparative-review, c++17
grid[row][col] = '0';
// Recurse in 4 directions of grid
depth_first_search(grid, row + 1, col, row_length, col_length);
depth_first_search(grid, row - 1, col, row_length, col_length);
depth_first_search(grid, row, col + 1,... | {
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"tags": "c++, beginner, programming-challenge, comparative-review, c++17",
"url": null... |
c#, object-oriented
You require a value in your constructor, but then let Value be set publicly. This doesn't really make much sense- somebody could just pass default(T) to the constructor, making the constructor meaningless. You're giving two different ways to set the value, for no particular reason. It's not a big d... | {
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"tags": "c#, object-oriented",
"url": null
} |
ros, kinect, openni, openni-launch, openni.launch
Originally posted by Albert K on ROS Answers with karma: 301 on 2013-10-08
Post score: 0
Original comments
Comment by jdorich on 2013-10-08:
Is there a reason you are not using "openni_launch openni.launch" similar to here: https://github.com/turtlebot/turtlebot/blob/... | {
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"tags": "ros, kinect, openni, openni-launch, openni.launch",
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java, algorithm, backtracking
assertEquals(new DataSet(list3, list4), TugOfWar.doTug(a2));
}
} Regarding the "set" it is debatable. If it is a set in mathematical terms then it means that no two elements can be there twice so using Java Set would not be a problem. | {
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"tags": "java, algorithm, backtracking",
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} |
type-theory, dependent-types, homotopy-type-theory
The coproduct is a special case of dependent sum. Given types $A$ and $B$, consider the type family $P : \mathtt{bool} \to \mathcal{U}$ defined by $P(\mathtt{false}) = A$ and $P(\mathtt{true}) = B$. The dependent sum $\sum_{b : \mathtt{bool}} P(b)$ is equivalent to $A... | {
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"tags": "type-theory, dependent-types, homotopy-type-theory",
"url": null
} |
inorganic-chemistry, spectroscopy, coordination-compounds, transition-metals, symmetry
$$\mathrm{T_2 \otimes T_2 = A_1 \oplus E \oplus [T_1] \oplus T_2}$$
however since we are only interested in the triplet states, we are only going to take the $\mathrm{T_1}$ term, which has an antisymmetric spatial component to go wi... | {
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"id": 7086,
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"tags": "inorganic-chemistry, spectroscopy, coordination-compounds, transition-metals, sym... |
(a) true (b) false (c) false (d) false
Exercise $$\PageIndex{6}\label{ex:bicond-06}$$
Determine the truth values of the following statements (assuming that $$x$$ and $$y$$ are real numbers):
1. $$u$$ is a vowel if and only if $$b$$ is a consonant.
2. $$x^2+y^2=0$$ if and only if $$x=0$$ and $$y=0$$.
3. $$x^2-4x+4=0$... | {
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"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8041443032162475,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8104789155369047,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 234.6706593902855,
"openwebmath_score": 0.4943092167377472,
"ta... |
definition, dimensional-analysis, mathematics, units
A dimensionless quantity is therefore a quantity that stays invariant under the rescaling by the scaling variables. Whether a quantity is dimensionless or not is then entirely a subjective matter of choosing the way we want to do the rescaling.
Dimensional analysis ... | {
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} |
general-relativity, differential-geometry, geometry
Specifically, Ref. 1. is using version 4.
III) Example: Magnetic monopole. Let the manifold be $M=\mathbb{R}^3\backslash\{0\}$, which is connected and simply-connected, but not contractible. The two-form
$$B~:=~\sum_{i,j,k\in\{1,2,3\}}\epsilon_{ijk}\frac{x^i}{r^3}\m... | {
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"tags": "general-relativity, differential-geometry, geometry",
"url": null
} |
python, performance
Title: Longest common substring approach using suffix arrays I am trying to speed up a function to return the longest common substring.
The requirements:
The function takes two strings of arbitrary length (although on average they will be less than 50 chars each)
If two subsequences of the same le... | {
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"tags": "python, performance",
"url": null
} |
newtonian-mechanics, gravity, newtonian-gravity
Title: What is the intuition behind $gt^2/2$ equalling the distance something falls after $t$ seconds? Let's say $g=10\ \text{m/s}^2$ and it drops for $3$ seconds. For the first second it will drop $10\ \text{m}$, the second it will drop $20\ \text{m}$ ($10 + 10$) and th... | {
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"tags": "newtonian-mechanics, gravity, newtonian-gravity",
"url": null
} |
filters, filter-design, c++, software-implementation, parks-mclellan
/**
* According to remez.cc line 810
* the frequency band should be devided by 2
* before feeding into C++ remez function
*/
for (auto &b : bands)
b /= 2;
/**
* According to remez.cc line 787
* numtap = ... | {
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"tags": "filters, filter-design, c++, software-implementation, parks-mclellan",
"url": null
} |
free-body-diagram, density, buoyancy, fluid-statics
Actually, in the case of lead, if the water were deep enough, the lead would sink to the point where its weight equals that of the water under pressure at depths. As lead will compress as well as the water, that may never happen, but for other objects and/or fluids i... | {
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"tags": "free-body-diagram, density, buoyancy, fluid-statics",
"url": null
} |
ros, motoman, arm-navigation
Title: Filter trajectory fails in warehouse viewer
Filtering a trajectory in the arm warehouse viewer (Fuerte, Ubuntu 11.10) fails for an unknown reason
Using ROS-Industrial ( https://swri-ros-pkg.googlecode.com/svn/trunk )
roslaunch sia10d_mesh_arm_navigation planning_scene_warehouse_vie... | {
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• Maybe looking at the problem in higher dimensions will help. Say we have a vector $(a,b,c,d,e)$ in $\mathbb R^5$. Let's say we choose to perform the "recipe" on the last two components to get $(0,0,0,-e,d)$. Look at what happens when we take the dot product of this vector with the original one. The result is: $a*0+b*... | {
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"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8078647958843428,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8311430520409023,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 252.49277137280518,
"openwebmath_score": 0.8400731086730957,
"ta... |
homework-and-exercises, newtonian-mechanics, acceleration, velocity, collision
Title: Collision ball with backboard I am doing a physical study to study the movement of basketball.
When it hits the backboard, its velocity and angle of reflection change.
How can I calculate the new velocity and angle of the ball after ... | {
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"tags": "homework-and-exercises, newtonian-mechanics, acceleration, velocity, collision",
... |
quantum-mechanics, density-operator
Title: Are there any problems that can only be tackled with density matrices and not with pure state evolution? Say I have a state $|\Psi_0\rangle$.
I measure observable $\hat{A}$, the wavefunction collapses to one its eigenstates. I can write $|\Psi_0\rangle = \sum_j \alpha_j|\psi^... | {
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"id": 45870,
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "quantum-mechanics, density-operator",
"url": null
} |
thermodynamics, reversibility, adiabatic
Title: What are the requirements to apply the Laplace Law in Thermodynamics ? Reversible and adiabatic, or just adiabatic? The Laplace's Law in thermodynamics states that an adabatic reversible transformation of a perfect gas verifies the following identity :
$$
PV^{\gamma} = c... | {
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"tags": "thermodynamics, reversibility, adiabatic",
"url": null
} |
reference-request, graph-theory, co.combinatorics
How to solve?
Since the rank of bipartite graphs is $n - 1$ we can see that there exists a solution with at most $n - 1$ edges that will receive non-negative labels.
A simple greedy algorithm can produce a solution by simply matching the maximum vertices, labeling the ... | {
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"tags": "reference-request, graph-theory, co.combinatorics",
"url": null
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acid-base
Nickel(II) is square planar.[2] It is surrounded by two equivalents of
the conjugate base (dmgH−) of dimethylglyoxime (dmgH2).
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel_bis(dimethylglyoximate))
Four five member rings center at the Nickel(II) ions.$$\phantom{1}$$ Similarly, after this reaction
$$\ce{Mg(HA)2(s) -... | {
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ros, navigation, turtlebot, hector-navigation, multiple-machines
Moreover I just use the cmd_velocity generated by the hector_exploration_controller, is it enough ? I saw that there is also the hector_path_follower but it doesn't seem to work (maybe need a remap from a topic...).
Edit 2 : I still don't manage to solve... | {
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"tags": "ros, navigation, turtlebot, hector-navigation, multiple-machines",
"url": null
... |
quantum-algorithms, quantum-fourier-transform, hidden-subgroup-problem
You can verify the circuit works in Quirk.
The "reverse" gate reverses the order of the qubits; it's just $n/2$ swaps. The input gates indicate where the values multiply-added into the phase gradient register come from. The [::-1] means the input i... | {
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"tags": "quantum-algorithms, quantum-fourier-transform, hidden-subgroup-problem",
... |
python, design-patterns
class BaseSource:
subclasses = []
def __init_subclass__(cls, **kwargs):
super().__init_subclass__(**kwargs)
cls.subclasses.append(cls)
print("Registered", cls)
@classmethod
def init_all(cls, db, args):
"""
Create one instance for each su... | {
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} |
1. $\big\{\varnothing,\{a\},\{b\},\{a,b\}\big\}$
2. $\big\{\{a\},\{b\},\{a,b\}\big\}$
3. $\big\{\varnothing,\{a\},\{b\}\big\}$
4. $\big\{\{a\},\{b\}\big\}$
Conditions (1) and (2) above are the easiest way to characterize the families of sets that are bases for some topology on $X$. If you already have a topology $\mat... | {
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equations ( ODE ) the books, read about the,... Of 56 short lecture videos, with a few simple problems to solve following each lecture 34, and start. Power point URL Mathematics » differential equations PDE Primer '' by … differential equations fundamental... Will learn about the Euler method for numerically solving a ... | {
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c#, design-patterns, search, interface
public class ItemConverter : ISearchItemConverter<HtmlNode, IBook>
{
public IBook Convert(HtmlNode sourceItem)
{
Book newBook = new Book();
HtmlNode thumbnailNode = sourceItem.SelectSingleNode("div[@class='thumbnail']");
if (thumbnailNode != null)
... | {
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"tags": "c#, design-patterns, search, interface",
"url": null
} |
electromagnetism, electrostatics, electric-fields
Title: Does electrostatic force act at the centre of mass of a body? I was recently solving a question in which I was given a large object in a uniform electric field. I was able to solve it by assuming that the force acts from the centre of mass of the object drawing ... | {
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"tags": "electromagnetism, electrostatics, electric-fields",
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signal-analysis, frequency-spectrum, spectrogram, time-frequency
#Plot the spectrogram with a black and blue colormap
plt.figure(figsize=(10, 5))
plt.imshow(Sxx, cmap='Blues', aspect='auto', origin='lower', extent=[times.min(), times.max(), frequencies_spectugram.min(), frequencies_spectugram.max()])
plt.colorbar(labe... | {
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"tags": "signal-analysis, frequency-spectrum, spectrogram, time-frequency",
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food, granulated-materials
Title: Settling effect of crumbs in food What is the physical principle behind the following behavior: | {
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newtonian-mechanics, forces, momentum, collision
This can be understood using one more example. Suppose you drop a glass utensil on a hard floor. It will break into pieces. But if you drop the same glass utensil on, say a thick cushion or a mattress, it will not break. Because the change in momentum occurs in a very s... | {
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"tags": "newtonian-mechanics, forces, momentum, collision",
"url": null
} |
quantum-mechanics, water, physical-chemistry, superposition, molecules
Title: Is water really $H_2O$? On a comment concerning the quantum mechanical description of water made by Hilary Putnam I wanted to pose a question here (also posted to r/physics a bit earlier) and was hoping the you all might be able to help.
I w... | {
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ecology, population-biology, statistics, landscape-ecology
One possible solution I've come up with involves breaking the larger plots into 1m^2 plots and dividing the number of animals across those smaller plots. So now I have 24 1m^2 plots with the following "counts":
plot# count area(m^2) plot_density
1-5 ... | {
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"tags": "ecology, population-biology, statistics, landscape-ecology",
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java, algorithm, comparative-review, tree, benchmarking
@Override
public int hashCode() {
// Generated by NetBeans IDE 12.6
int hash = 7;
hash = 19 * hash + Objects.hashCode(this.name);
return hash;
}
}
GeneralTree.java:
package com.github.coderodde.generallca;
import java.uti... | {
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black-holes, astrophysics, gamma-rays, relativistic-jets
the radial component of the field, the particle spirals as
it leaves.", and there is a figure taken from Kip Thorne's book Black Holes and Time Warps illustrating this.
I'm having trouble understanding this figure and why the particles spiral as they leave. Does... | {
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"tags": "black-holes, astrophysics, gamma-rays, relativistic-jets",
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moveit, ros-industrial
I use ros-industrial-client and motoman stacks.
that isn't mentioned anywhere in your question text. "ros-industrial stack" is not a well known bit of terminology. No one will know what you mean by that, so it does not add anything which would help understand your setup.
Comment by robertjbush ... | {
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c#, linq, random, sql-server
That is exactly what I mean.
There are only 32 bits of actual randomness in the seed. Which means that there are only four billion possible sequences of vouchers produced by your algorithm. Which means that all I have to do is generate all four billion sequences until I find one that has... | {
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"tags": "c#, linq, random, sql-server",
"url": null
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navigation, catkin, costmap, costmap-2d
Title: Catkin-compiled Code Runs 3x slower
I've been running a slate of tests on the new hydro navigation. I was trying to figure out why updating the costmap in the new hydro version takes so much longer than in the old 'Fuerte' version. (Note that both of these are tested in ... | {
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"tags": "navigation, catkin, costmap, costmap-2d",
"url": null
} |
javascript, object-oriented
$stepsSlide.css({width: slidesLength});
// Initialize loading graphic
if(!productImgUrl) {
return false;
}
spinner = startSpinner('product-image', 10, 4, 15, false);
// Preload the big image, when loaded, fade in
$.imgpreload(productImgUrl, function(){
... | {
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"tags": "javascript, object-oriented",
"url": null
} |
beginner, php, object-oriented, json, finance
$raw_sector_array = json_decode($raw_sector_json, true);
// Calculate the real-time index
$index_value = 0;
foreach ($raw_sector_array as $ticker => $ticker_stats) {
if (isset($sector_mover["selected_tickers"][$ticker], ... | {
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"tags": "beginner, php, object-oriented, json, finance",
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gazebo, pr2
Comment by Lorenz on 2012-11-06:
So if you cannot roscd into your controller package in the terminal you run gazebo from, that is the problem. I suggest that you clean up your configuration and try again. E.g. follow http://ros.org/wiki/fuerte/Installation/Overlays Then close all terminals and try everythi... | {
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of the graph (the average out-degree). The average case time complexity is O(V+E) and the auxiliary space complexity is O(V) Refer the article for more details and. 11 sec 1 meg 4 111,100 11 sec 106 meg 6 710 19 min 10 gig 8 910 31 hrs 1 tera 10 1011 129 days 101 tera 12 1013 35 yrs 10 peta 14 1015 3523 yrs 1 exa. Time... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": 1105.8471170780324,
"openwebmath_score": 0.5393127202987671,
"tags": ... |
astronomy, visible-light, stars
Edit:
This paper seems to have something that could be practically useful as to the evolution of the Mass Function (i.e. the mass distribution) over time. This is for galaxy clusters, not for individual galaxies, so the result is, you could say, "unrealistically typical", but should be ... | {
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evolution, reproduction
Wikipedia; author: Zephyris, title: "The first few weeks of embryogenesis in humans", DOR: 25/09/2012
See:
Inversion
Evolutionary developmental biology
I hope this helps as a starting point. | {
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when the difference between different keys are not so big, otherwise, it can increase the space complexity. Counting Sort: the same idea, but data are small integers, e. It divides input array in two halves, calls itself for the two halves and then merges the two sorted halves. Practical Session #11. Solution: Use an o... | {
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"openwebmath_score": 0.3923802375793... |
quantum-mechanics, condensed-matter, spin-models, bosonization
Title: Expectation value of Hamiltonian of Heisenberg spin chain The following is Hamiltonian of Heisenberg spin half chain mapped onto Hard core bosons by Holestein-Primakoff transformation.
$$ H = t\sum_{j}b_{j}^{\dagger}b_{j}+h.c + V\sum_{j}n_{j}n_{j+1}... | {
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turing-machines, computability
More generally, $U$'s head read what is the symbol that should be read by $T$. Make a marker on the tape to indicate that cell of the tap is the current cell the head of $T$ is on. Then $U$'s head goes back to the program section to find the rule the corresponds to that symbol for $T$ an... | {
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# data set 2
t_data2 = [0.0, 0.15, 0.25, 0.45, 0.85, 0.95]
x_data2 = [3.6, 2.25, 1.75, 1.00, 0.35, 0.20]
# combine with dataframe join
data1 = pd.DataFrame({'Time':t_data1,'x1':x_data1})
data2 = pd.DataFrame({'Time':t_data2,'x2':x_data2})
data1.set_index('Time', inplace=True)
data2.set_index('Time', inplace=True)
da... | {
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"openwebmath_score": 0.5309364199638367,
"tags": nu... |
ros, navigation, odometry, timestamp, synchronization
Title: timing problem with laser scan (synchronizing with odometry)
Hi guys,
I've got a timing problem with my laser scans. I receive laser scan data through a tcp socket (it's simulated laser data from another system in the network). While the robot is standing s... | {
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The radius is: . $[1]\;\;r \;=\;\frac{3(\tfrac{14}{3}) + (\text{-}\frac{4}{3}) - 5}{\sqrt{10}} \;=\;\frac{23}{3\sqrt{10}}$
The equation of the circle is: . $\left(x-\frac{14}{3}\right)^2 + \left(y + \frac{4}{3}\right)^2 \;=\;\frac{529}{90}$
• March 15th 2014, 09:09 PM
RandomInquirer
Re: Finding the equation of a circl... | {
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"tags... |
ros, rospy, documentation
Original comments
Comment by img5d on 2019-07-24:
good answer.
Comment by lxg on 2020-08-06:
thanks for the answer. but what happens if the process timing exceeds 1/10th of a second?
Comment by jayess on 2020-08-06:
That really shouldn't change anything as long as your computer can handle it
... | {
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beginner, php, mysqli
</div>
<div class="col-md-6">
<div class="form-group mt-4">
<label for="login_password_confirm"><strong>Reenter Password:</strong></label>
<input type="password" class="form-control" id="reg_password_confirm" name="reg_password_c... | {
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# math
In the xy-plane, line l passes through the origin and is perpendicular to the line 4x+y=k, where k is a constant. If the two lines intersect at the point (t,t+1), what is the value of t?
I tried drawing a picture of the problem described above, but I don't understand what I need to do to solve it.
1. 👍
2. 👎
... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": 358.3917297994969,
"openwebmath_score": 0.5335036516189575,
"tags": nul... |
scheme, racket
Title: Splitting a list in Racket I am working my way into learning a bit of Scheme (actually, Racket) with the help of a few practical problems to solve. In this case, I want to split a flat list of symbols at a certain delimiter symbol, discarding it and returning the list of split chunks.
#! /usr/bin... | {
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scattering, diffraction, geometry, x-ray-crystallography, braggs-law
The same logic applies to your second picture (Author: M. Hadjiantonis). However, here the first beam travels the distance from point $A$ to $C^\prime$, while the second beam travels from point $A$ first to $B$ and then to $C$. Again, the two outgoin... | {
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"tags": "scattering, diffraction, geometry, x-ray-crystallography, braggs-law",
"url": nu... |
algorithm, sorting, salesforce-apex
return emailTemplates;
}
private static Boolean AreTemplatesInOrder(EmailTemplate t1, EmailTemplate t2)
{
return RetrieveNumberFromTemplateName(t1) < RetrieveNumberFromTemplateName(t2);
}
private static Integer RetrieveNumberFromTemplateName(EmailTemplate template)
{
retur... | {
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$\displaystyle |Z(R)|=n-\varphi(n), \ \ \ |N(R)|=\frac{n}{p_1 \cdots p_m}.$
So, by the result given in the above problem, $\displaystyle \frac{n}{p_1 \cdots p_m} \mid n-\varphi(n).$ Verify this result directly!
## Group homomorphism – direct product (2)
Posted: September 26, 2019 in Elementary Algebra; Problems & So... | {
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java, performance
Concern:
Right now, I am using pre Java 8 code style to achieve the results. Since, it's the time of Java 8, I would request the reviewers to suggest Java 8 style. There is nothing particularly wrong with your current code, although I have a couple of comments:
The name interactions1 of the local va... | {
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- \alpha\theta) \right) \mathrm{d} \theta \mathrm{d} \phi$$ Therefore, the surface area of the torus is: $$S = \int_{0}^{2 \pi} \int_{0}^{2\pi} r_1 \left(r_2 + r_1 \cos(\phi - \alpha\theta) \right) \mathrm{d} \theta \mathrm{d} \phi = 2 \pi r_1 r_2 \int_0^{2\pi} \mathrm{d} \theta = 4 \pi^2 r_1 r_2$$ It is explicitly ind... | {
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"tag... |
ros, urdf, arm-kinematics
</material>
</visual>
<collision>
<origin
xyz="0 0 0"
rpy="0 0 0" />
<geometry>
<mesh
filename="package://RobotMontajWithURDF_19_01_2015_solid/meshes/LWrist_link.STL" />
</geometry>
</collision>
</link> | {
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"tags": "ros, urdf, arm-kinematics",
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} |
c++, c++11, iterator
/**
* @brief Create a range of AdjacentElementIterators from the given range
* @tparam NumberOfElements that should be returned by the AdjacentElementIteror
*/
template <std::size_t NumberOfElements, class Range>
auto make_AdjacentElementRange(Range &range)
-> boost::iterator_range<Adjacent... | {
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"tags": "c++, c++11, iterator",
"url": null
} |
cosmology, dark-matter, dark-energy
Far away from a GEODE, you find yourself in a cosmological solution. Far away from a black hole, you find yourself in empty space. That makes black holes much easier to work with, as models. In every other place that we astrophysically expect a black hole, you could replace it wi... | {
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"tags": "cosmology, dark-matter, dark-energy",
"url": null
} |
homework-and-exercises, newtonian-mechanics, spring, calculus
following the equation:
$$ KL = k_x l$$
Where, k is the spring constant of the upper spring.
Now,equating k∆x with remaining(∆x can be gotten from n and L) weight we do get an equation however I am not getting an approach of introdu... | {
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"tags": "homework-and-exercises, newtonian-mechanics, spring, calculus",
"url": null
} |
is a unit step function starting at time t = to which accommodates the ofiset between the scope trigger and the start of motion. In this chapter, we apply the tools of complex exponentials and time translation invariance to deal with damped oscillation and the important physical phenomenon of resonance in single oscilla... | {
"domain": "gremium-franconia.de",
"id": null,
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9820137868795702,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8140293382511515,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8289388083214156,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 760.3194788120288,
"openwebmath_score": 0.795654296875,
"tags... |
localization, navigation, robot-localization
Comment by Fetullah Atas on 2020-12-11:
I also think that the GPS is obviously source of the problem here... , by explosion what I mean is;
the odometry/gps, initially will be aligned with odometry/global but after I move robot a little bit then suddenly the pose coming fr... | {
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"tags": "localization, navigation, robot-localization",
"url": null
} |
c++, game, c++17, entity-component-system
Does the m_initializedComponentPools bitset in EntityManager make sense or would it be better to just set the uninitialized pools to nullptr?
I would just set them to nullptr, or better yet make it an array of std::unique_ptrs:
std::array<std::unique_ptr<BaseComponentPool>, E... | {
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"tags": "c++, game, c++17, entity-component-system",
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} |
# Why on average does each bootstrap sample contain roughly two thirds of observations?
I have run across the assertion that each bootstrap sample (or bagged tree) will contain on average approximately $2/3$ of the observations.
I understand that the chance of not being selected in any of $n$ draws from $n$ samples w... | {
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"id": null,
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9674102524151826,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8612797563846062,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8902942203004186,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 287.4529247143742,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9049406051635742,
"tag... |
homework-and-exercises, special-relativity
Title: Lorentz Transformation of four-velocity using the transformation matrix Lets assume we have a two reference Frames $O$ and $O'$. $O$ is at rest and $O'$ is moving towards $O$ with velocity $v$ along the $x$-axis. Now we look at an object in which is moving with velocti... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 73843,
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"lm_name": null,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "homework-and-exercises, special-relativity",
"url": null
} |
c, unit-testing, io
return return_status;
}
The thing that feels unusual is the use of freopen to send the test data to stdin.
Are there better ways to implement this kind of test?
C has a freopen() footnote
The primary use of the freopen function is to change the file associated with a standard text stream (stderr... | {
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"id": 33290,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c, unit-testing, io",
"url": null
} |
reinforcement-learning, sarsa
Title: Are we choosing the same action in every step in SARSA? Here is the pseudocode for SARSA (which I took from here)
Do we only select one action at the very beginning and then we always choose the same action for each step? Does it really make sense to choose the same initially chos... | {
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"id": 3134,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "reinforcement-learning, sarsa",
"url": null
} |
mass, conservation-laws, units, volume
Title: Triple Integral of Volume Concentration I am working on a problem involving volume concentrations which are defined as:
$$ \phi_i=\frac{V_i}{V} $$
and are thus dimensionless. My problem is in $3$D and I have assumed that the components in the binary mixture have a matched ... | {
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"id": 96294,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "mass, conservation-laws, units, volume",
"url": null
} |
python, algorithm, python-3.x, sorting
#and a second clean in the end
readydic = clean(onlybigs)
This last step especially is taking too long because it compares each value for each key and my guess is the whole process can be done more efficiently somehow.
Any insights? You're doing things the hard way.
dic = {}
fo... | {
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"tags": "python, algorithm, python-3.x, sorting",
"url": null
} |
relation h hT particular instance is the specification of operation... No inverse matrix of A= [ 101100211 ] if it exists be downloaded! Are 0 's in R RT and it fails to be a …... For their opposite information, see Compatible Array Sizes for Basic operations give a reason close to 0 and ifAij=. Consider the sets of nu... | {
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"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES\n\n",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.983342957061873,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8377617931091631,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8519528076067262,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 605.5650615700939,
"openwebmath_score": 0.8650836944580078,
"... |
homework-and-exercises, thermodynamics, entropy
Now for the reservoir. The key feature of an ideal infinite reservoir is that its change in entropy is always equal to the heat transferred to the reservoir $-C_p(T_f-T_i)$ divided by its absolute temperature, in this case $T_f$. This assumes that there is never any en... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 52596,
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"lm_name": null,
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"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "homework-and-exercises, thermodynamics, entropy",
"url": null
} |
metagenome
Title: Generating contigs from illumina Paired End Reads (Metagenome) I'm a wet-lab biologist desperately trying to get to grips with some Bioinformatics.
I have some shotgun Illumina paired-end data from a gut microbiome project I'm working on. I'm considering how to go about generating contigs from reads.... | {
"domain": "bioinformatics.stackexchange",
"id": 2211,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "metagenome",
"url": null
} |
special-relativity, gravity
Title: Gravitational field of a particle in SR According to special relativity, what is the gravitational field due to a particle moving with a constant velocity v? Would it be correct to assume that the particle has a stronger gravitational field because of the relation $M=\gamma m$, where... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 10570,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "special-relativity, gravity",
"url": null
} |
$\mathfrak A \vDash \varphi \$ iff $\ \mathfrak A \vDash \text {Cl} (\varphi)$,
where $\text {Cl} (\varphi)$ is the universal closure of $\varphi$.
A different approach is adopted by:
In this case, the meaning and the truth-value of an open formula with respect to an interpretation $\mathfrak A$ is defined for speci... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.967899289579129,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8148024478447576,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8418256492357358,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 676.3483300571153,
"openwebmath_score": 0.8882261514663696,
"tags... |
c#, object-oriented, reflection, null, wcf
try
{
//Step 2: Check if the incoming object has values or not.
if (obj != null)
{
//Step 3: Iterate over the properties and check for null values based on the type.
foreach (PropertyInfo pi in obj.GetType().GetProperties())... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c#, object-oriented, reflection, null, wcf",
"url": null
} |
quantum-field-theory, integration, calculus
Title: Different values for same integral calculated via contour integration Perhaps this question should be asked on the Math community, but I think that, because of the specific example that I will cite, I might get a better insight on my doubt here.
So, why can we get tw... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "quantum-field-theory, integration, calculus",
"url": null
} |
should come at the end of the problem, after any requested figures for the problem. In this lecture, the algorithm of Gauss-Jordan method is explained in the light of the general formulas written in the previous lecture. This can be accomplished by multiplying the equation in row 2 by 2/5 and subtracting it from the eq... | {
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"id": null,
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"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9626731158685838,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8063542219668822,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8376199653600371,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 914.3769312757073,
"openwebmath_score": 0.4277817904949188,
"tags": ... |
numbers have learned basics. User contributions licensed under cc by-sa for you and your coworkers to the. Friday with the best articles we published that week b ” is dividend and “ b ” the. And why it is chosen over the C behavior because a nonnegative result is prime number ( ) of! Spot for you and your python modulo... | {
"domain": "gridserver.com",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9362850093037731,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.815127160549173,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8705972566572504,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 1108.810899254381,
"openwebmath_score": 0.451065331697464,
"tags": n... |
c#, classes, serial-port, device-driver
_SerialPort = new SerialPort(port) { Encoding = Encoding.ASCII };
}
public void Send(byte[] buffer)
{
try
{
if (!_SerialPort.IsOpen)
_SerialPort.Open();
_SerialPort.Write(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
... | {
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"tags": "c#, classes, serial-port, device-driver",
"url": null
} |
graph-theory, co.combinatorics, dc.distributed-comp
If $d = 2$, the answer is "yes". We can simply take a sufficiently long cycle, and order the nodes along the cycle. There are some bad edges near the edge that joins the largest and the smallest node, but all other edges are good: for almost all nodes $v$, the pair $... | {
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"id": 1316,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "graph-theory, co.combinatorics, dc.distributed-comp",
"url": null
} |
graphs, reductions, satisfiability
I would like to find directed hamiltonian cycles in this graph that satisfy a certain property, and was thinking of feeding my problem to a SAT solver. The problem can be encoded as follows. We define a variable $x_{si}$ to denote that the vertex $v_s$ appears in the $i$-th position ... | {
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"id": 12721,
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"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "graphs, reductions, satisfiability",
"url": null
} |
matrix solution ¶ permalink Objectives can arise from \ ( n^ { {... ) order linear differential equations can arise from \ ( n^ { {! Effective predator-prey system of differential equations is said to be consistent matrix solution compatibility conditions for =! Y+C 1 = 0, 5x-8y+15 = 0 and a matrix ( assuming it exists... | {
"domain": "com.ua",
"id": null,
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"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9688561694652216,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8815690259075735,
"lm_q2_score": 0.9099070158103778,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 560.0163132020501,
"openwebmath_score": 0.8119489550590515,
"tags": nul... |
meteorology, geology, climate-change, climate, plate-tectonics
The same cannot be said regarding geologists. They take a long view of things, arguably longer even than that taken by climatologists. The consensus amongst geologists is quite strong. The Geology Society (British) issued a strong statement regarding clima... | {
"domain": "earthscience.stackexchange",
"id": 2350,
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"tags": "meteorology, geology, climate-change, climate, plate-tectonics",
"url": null... |
special-relativity, speed-of-light, time, inertial-frames, time-dilation
know $c$ is the maximum speed why don't we get $\Delta t'=0$ on putting $v=c$? Why do we get an indeterminate form? What is the explanation for this? You cannot boost a massive particle to the speed of light, which is what you're trying to do. Th... | {
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"id": 30944,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "special-relativity, speed-of-light, time, inertial-frames, time-dilation",
"url"... |
soil, agriculture, nitrogen, laboratory
Title: How to find molarity of a fertilizer? I want to add nitrogen to my soil samples in a lab as fertilizer (ammonium nitrate). I need to add it equivalent of 50 kgN/ha. I have a clump of soil, that weighs 20g. What is the best way to convert it to concentration, molarity or a... | {
"domain": "earthscience.stackexchange",
"id": 1107,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "soil, agriculture, nitrogen, laboratory",
"url": null
} |
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