text stringlengths 1 1.11k | source dict |
|---|---|
bigdata
I am pretty sure that you will be able to find neither proprietary algorithms that political startups or election data science teams used and use, nor the their data sets. However, I am rather positive that you can get some understanding about typical data sets as well as data collection and analysis methods v... | {
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unsupervised-learning, autoencoder
decoded = Convolution2D(1, 3, 3, activation='sigmoid', border_mode='same')(x)
autoencoder = Model(input_img, decoded)
autoencoder.compile(optimizer='adadelta', loss='binary_crossentropy')
autoencoder.fit(x_train, x_train, nb_epoch=10, batch_size=500,
shuffle=T... | {
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"tags": "unsupervised-learning, autoencoder",
"url": null
} |
c++, algorithm
int count(std::string_view name) const noexcept;
private:
std::vector<std::tuple<std::string, int>> data;
};
Note the only change is to the type of data. The class's interface is unchanged.
So what would insert() look like. Well, the first thing you'd have to do is a lower_bound() search to find t... | {
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"tags": "c++, algorithm",
"url": null
} |
Proof: Suppose has a maximum at ,
Define two sequences , in by
Clearly and , and and for all . We have
By the inequality theorem,
Also,
so
Since , we conclude that . The proof for minimum points is left to you.
10.24 Theorem (Rolle's Theorem.) Let with and let
be a function that is continuous on and differenti... | {
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"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9898303437461132,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8115553090565952,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8198933425148213,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 652.0369755982829,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9601437449455261,
"tags": null,... |
java, object-oriented, game, rock-paper-scissors
// checks for conditions
if (playing)
{
// computer's move
Random random = new Random();
Integer choice = random.nextInt(3); // (n-1) 0 = rock, 1 = paper, 2 = scissors
String comp =... | {
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"tags": "java, object-oriented, game, rock-paper-scissors",
"url": null
} |
Note that the periodogram estimate now follows the true AR(4) PSD over the entire [0,Nyquist] frequency range. The periodogram estimates still only have two degrees of freedom so the use of a window does not reduce the variability of periodogram, but it does address bias.
In nonparametric spectral estimation, two meth... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.965899570361222,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8090567568367012,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8376199572530449,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 809.9835888416558,
"openwebmath_score": 0.7160491943359375,
"tags": n... |
the-sun, the-moon, solar-eclipse, moon-phases
def main():
time_zone = pytz.timezone("UTC")
ephemeris = api.load("de422.bsp")
timescale = api.load.timescale()
start_ts, end_ts = timescale.utc(
[time_zone.localize(datetime(1001, 1, 1)),
time_zone.localize(datetime(2001, 1, 1))])
p... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "the-sun, the-moon, solar-eclipse, moon-phases",
"url": null
} |
game, ios, swift, hangman
if subAnswer == character.lowercaseString {
guessIsCorrect = true
createGameWord(character: subAnswer)
} else {
createGameWord(character: "_")
}
}
}
if(!guessIsCorrect) {
guesses = guesses! - 1
... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "game, ios, swift, hangman",
"url": null
} |
classification, clustering, k-means, pca, spectral-clustering
Title: Clusterize Spectrum I have pandas table which contains data about different observations, each one was measured in different wavlength. These observsations are different than each other in the treatment they have gotten.
The table looks something lik... | {
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"tags": "classification, clustering, k-means, pca, spectral-clustering",
"url": null
} |
audio-processing, hilbert-transform
$$\tilde{x}[n] = e^{-2\pi j n \frac{f}{f_{s}}} \left(x[n] + j \hat{x}[n]\right)$$
Right so far?
Now I have a complex audio signal, and so I'm not sure how to apply the envelope.
An envelope on a real signal would just be $\cos(\omega n + \phi) x[n]$. But since it's now complex, do I... | {
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"tags": "audio-processing, hilbert-transform",
"url": null
} |
inorganic-chemistry, periodic-trends
This 2nd-3rd row discrepancy is somewhat counterbalanced if you step to right, increasing Z and thereby contracting the orbitals giving rise to this apparent diagonal relationship.
Similar arguments make that for the 3d TMs the hybridization is more efficient for 4s-3d than for the... | {
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"tags": "inorganic-chemistry, periodic-trends",
"url": null
} |
bioinformatics
Title: An example for N50? Why do we need it? I'm trying to understand N50 on the wikipedia. But I was unable to get a sense of the definition:
Given a set of contigs, each with its own length, the N50 length is
defined as the length for which the collection of all contigs of that
length or longer ... | {
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"tags": "bioinformatics",
"url": null
} |
random-forest, scikit-learn
The class can then be obtained using
from sklearn import metrics
pred_train = np.argmax(forest.oob_decision_function_,axis=1)
Then we can calculate the AUC by using the following
metrics.roc_auc_score(y_train, pred_train)
0.86217157846471204 | {
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"tags": "random-forest, scikit-learn",
"url": null
} |
thermodynamics, cosmic-microwave-background, propulsion
will the disk accelerate until the momentum of the blueshifted radiation absorbed at the front equates the momentum of redshifted photons being reflected at the back side?
Will the reflective side stop reflecting efficiently after the disk reaches the same temper... | {
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"tags": "thermodynamics, cosmic-microwave-background, propulsion",
"url": null
} |
periodic, signal-power
IF_power_dbm = lin_in_dbm(IF_power_watt)
LO_power_dbm = lin_in_dbm(LO_power_watt)
product_power_dbm = lin_in_dbm(product_power_watt)
error = product_power_dbm - IF_power_dbm - LO_power_dbm
print(error == 0)
print(error)
print(dbm_in_lin(error)) | {
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"tags": "periodic, signal-power",
"url": null
} |
python, performance, tree, search, numba
I have done profiling of the function. Without using Numba-JIT with nopython=True, the function takes around ~75 seconds for around ~180K calls. With Numba-JIT with nopython=True, it takes around ~14 seconds for around the same number of calls. That is good and all, but I desir... | {
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"url": null
} |
• Rotate the image. – David G. Stork May 5 '16 at 15:20
• mathematica.stackexchange.com/questions/86396/… – Karsten 7. May 5 '16 at 16:20
• Although the answers linked by @Karsten can also answer this question, I think this one's still distinct because it doesn't focus on the variation in slit width. This simplificatio... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9546474220263198,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8075767632514296,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8459424334245618,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 1493.6823615863204,
"openwebmath_score": 0.47842222452163696,
"t... |
c++, object-oriented, design-patterns, datetime, polymorphism
/*
int timer = 9;
stoppers[0]->start();
do
{
stoppers[0]->updateTime();
stoppers[0]->printTime();
std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(1));
} while (--timer);
stoppers[0]->lap(); //lap reset
st... | {
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"tags": "c++, object-oriented, design-patterns, datetime, polymorphism",
"url": null
} |
orbit, black-hole, pulsar, time-dilation
Title: Could a closely orbiting pulsar be used to study a black hole? If we were to locate a pulsar in a close elliptical orbit around a black hole, could this reveal significant information about the black hole (e.g. time dilation / structure)? Could this even tell us the str... | {
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"tags": "orbit, black-hole, pulsar, time-dilation",
"url": null
} |
ros, gazebo, rviz, ubuntu, ubuntu-precise
Title: Robot pose is improper in Gazebo & Rviz
I have launched the navigation stack in gazebo and Rviz, when i gave the initial 2D pose in rviz the robot appears in side ways. The left side of the robot is considered as front portion in Rviz and gazebo. | {
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"tags": "ros, gazebo, rviz, ubuntu, ubuntu-precise",
"url": null
} |
c++, c++11, collections, pointers, hash-map
public:
template<typename TA1, typename TA2> inline void emplace(TA1&& mArg1, TA2&& mArg2)
{
assert(!this->has(mArg1) && !this->has(mArg2));
auto pair(std::make_unique<std::pair<T1, T2>>(std::forward<TA1>(mArg1), std::forward<... | {
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"tags": "c++, c++11, collections, pointers, hash-map",
"url": null
} |
navigation, move-base
Originally posted by Ricardo Tellez on ROS Answers with karma: 114 on 2012-06-29
Post score: 1
These recovery behaviors are activated whenever the move_base node decides that the robot is stuck. It is a good exercise to read the code for this, as any documentation (like this answer) can get outd... | {
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"tags": "navigation, move-base",
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to be depicted when residing at the same address. Download a Free Preview or High Quality Adobe Illustrator Ai, EPS, PDF and High Resolution JPEG versions. Obviously, there is a simple irregular grid that is best suited for computing the coaxial cable. Explore Australia's projected climate and access model data. on a s... | {
"domain": "paginepets.it",
"id": null,
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"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9799765557865636,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.801203825813113,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8175744828610095,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 1954.5736140711267,
"openwebmath_score": 0.5762432217597961,
"tags": ... |
java, object-oriented
return strBld.toString();
}
}
Database.java
package graykas;
import com.sun.istack.internal.Nullable;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
@SuppressWarnings("WeakerAccess")
public class Database
{
private static final String[] randomNames = {"... | {
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education, simulations, software
Any Turing complete programming language. Some assembly required. We often say that all models are wrong, so whatever problem you desire to simulate is working on some level of abstraction of more fundamental physical laws. These are generally problem-specific and why you should not... | {
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"tags": "education, simulations, software",
"url": null
} |
newtonian-mechanics, forces, mass, string
Title: Can We Have 0 Normal Between Any Two Bodies Just Touching Each Other I am a bit confused...
Here if we see x-axis forces they are getting detached from each other. So To Resist them The Normal Should Be Zero.
I am not sure if I am applying the right logic or not
but my... | {
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"tags": "newtonian-mechanics, forces, mass, string",
"url": null
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I looked over the existing answers and they don't seem to address the concern of the OP as I understood it, so I will try to provide a separate answer. The point is that the $(\epsilon,N)$-type definition of convergence is a first-order property and therefore by the transfer principle is still satisfied over the hyperr... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9763105273220726,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8550400469767451,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8757869786798663,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 222.35822710579075,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9072916507720947,
"ta... |
There is a duality result between density and weak weight for $X$ and $C_p(X)$. The duality result:
The density of $X$ coincides with the weak weight of $C_p(X)$ and the weak weight of $X$ coincides with the density of $C_p(X)$. These are elementary results in $C_p$-theory. See Theorem I.1.4 and Theorem I.1.5 in [1].
... | {
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"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9780517469248845,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8293563511751529,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8479677622198946,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 99.66562212800767,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9851532578468323,
"tags": ... |
python, python-3.x, unit-testing, tic-tac-toe, ai
This:
if resp != 'n':
should lower-case resp before the check.
This:
self.display_board
is nasty. You're accessing a property, relying on its side-effect to do a print. Properties should be simple value-returning functions. Make that a normal function.
Given this:
cl... | {
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"tags": "python, python-3.x, unit-testing, tic-tac-toe, ai",
"url": null
} |
javascript
The variable names are too long. Remember code is always in context and if you are handling arrays do you really need to add that in their names?
Don't copy the array, just push it to the result. finalArray.push([...currentArray]); can be finalArray.push(currentArray); The copy halves the performance of you... | {
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} |
python, numpy, image-preprocessing, opencv, image
The same approach can be applied when darkening the image (i.e. subtracting values), except for the other way around. | {
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# Finding rotation axis of an operator on Bloch sphere
I would like to find the action of an operator $V$ on the Bloch sphere. The matrix representation of $V$ is
$V=\sqrt{\frac{i}{2}}\begin{pmatrix} i &-1 \\ -1 &i\end{pmatrix}$.
$\rightarrow |\det(V)|=1$
This means, it should be either a reflection or a rotation. ... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9658995733060719,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8110986849392812,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8397339716830605,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 151.51648302958552,
"openwebmath_score": 0.8727718591690063,
"ta... |
four sided shape with sides of equal lengths and opposite ones parallel to each other. If the length of two diagonals of the rhombus is d 1 and d 2 then the area of a rhombus = ½ × d 1 × d 2. It is a parallelogram of four equal angles. (image will be uploaded soon) Properties of a Rhombus Since this shape is a rhombus ... | {
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"lm_label": "1. Yes\n2. Yes",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9632305318133554,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8047632557111789,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8354835411997897,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 821.5113429351953,
"openwebmath_score": 0.5751468539237976,
"tags":... |
magnetic-fields, solid-state-physics, ferromagnetism
Title: Can any material be made into a (anti)ferromagnet? From what I can tell only certain materials appear as ferromagnets or antiferromagnets (which one depends on their exchange interactions). For these materials if risen above a certain temperature, the Currie ... | {
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"tags": "magnetic-fields, solid-state-physics, ferromagnetism",
"url": null
} |
python, qpsk
#QPSK Demodulation
x=s_t*np.cos(2*np.pi*Fc*t) # I arm
y=s_t*np.sin(2*np.pi*Fc*t) # Q arm
x = np.convolve(x,np.ones(uL)) # integrate for L (Tsym=2*Tb) duration
y = np.convolve(y,np.ones(uL)) #integrate for L (Tsym=2*Tb) duration
x = x[uL-1::uL] # I arm - sample at every symbol instant Tsym
y = y[uL-1::uL... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "python, qpsk",
"url": null
} |
c, virtual-machine
average7.sml
The following program uses a counter-controlled loop to read seven
numbers, some positive and some negative, and compute and print
their average.
+2015 LOAD N
+5210 BRANCHZERO 10
+1016 READ A
+201... | {
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"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c, virtual-machine",
"url": null
} |
navigation, ekf, gps, navsat-transform, robot-localization
Comment by asimay_y on 2016-09-13:
hi,M, I find something interesting, and I think your solution above is not ending up. I can get the four picture above, but I don't think this is over, because the actual moving orientation is not right compared to the axes o... | {
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"url": null
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ros, callback
Title: Separating callback from other modules
Hello!
May I want something strange, but it interesting programming problem.
So, I wrote class-wrapper Sensor that subscribes on topic (like /camera/image) and in callback receives data (like this->callback(Image& data), node.subscribe(..., &Sensor::callback... | {
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"url": null
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string-theory, differential-geometry, topological-field-theory, calabi-yau, moduli
Well, to be clear we are talking about the torus metrics, which are completely specified by $R_1$ and $R_2$. (This is not the same as "the moduli space of $\mathbb{T}^2$" because that would mean more or less structure, depending on the ... | {
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"tags": "string-theory, differential-geometry, topological-field-theory, calabi-yau, moduli... |
data-structures, correctness-proof, search-trees, balanced-search-trees
$n^{old}.left.left$ becomes $n^{new}.left$
$n^{old}.left.right$ becomes $n^{new}.right.left$.
$n^{old}.right$ becomes $n^{new}.right.right$
Because $n^{old}.left$ was balanced, with $n^{old}.left.weight = (1 - \alpha)w + \delta$, we have $$n^{new}... | {
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Yes, of course. Assuming that $$c \in \mathbb R$$ is a constant, then if $$c \neq 0$$ :
$$y = y' \cdot c \Leftrightarrow y' = y \cdot \frac{1}{c} \equiv y \cdot c$$
Since $$c$$ is an arbitrary constant, any expression of it will also be a constant, so you can always "manipulate" it to be just $$c$$. Note that only if y... | {
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general-relativity, black-holes, quantum-gravity, singularities, hawking-radiation
Title: Why do physicists trust black hole physics? Based on popular accounts of modern physics and black holes (articles, video lectures), I have come to understand the following:
Black holes are predicted by General Relativity, a clas... | {
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"tags": "general-relativity, black-holes, quantum-gravity, singularities, hawking-radiation... |
molecular-evolution
Title: Is the heterotroph hypothesis universally accepted? I was wondering whether there are hypotheses that take a different approach that is contrary to the heterotroph hypothesis.
The heterotroph hypothesis states that autotrophs evolved from heterotrophs because of the lack of food.
Is this i... | {
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"tags": "molecular-evolution",
"url": null
} |
newtonian-mechanics, forces, acceleration, weight
Title: Does a weight and force of same magnitude on a pulley make any difference? I am confronting a confusion here.Here it goes.
Imagine a single fixed pulley system with one end of the rope attached to a mass m.
If you pull the other end with a force 2mg ,the mass w... | {
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"tags": "newtonian-mechanics, forces, acceleration, weight",
"url": null
} |
botany, terminology, fruit
Drupe: A fleshy fruit with a stony endocarp.
How here's the problem.
My textbook lists the walnut (fruit) as a nut. But Wikipedia disagrees on this point, calling it a drupe instead.
I'd like a second opinion, since both my book and Wikipedia have had reliability "issues" in the past.
Q- I... | {
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"tags": "botany, terminology, fruit",
"url": null
} |
c#
public void CopyReportsList(List<int> outList)
{
outList = this.integerList.ToList();
} Take it on its readability deference :
Example 1 (Current Usage):
CopyReportsList(outList);
Example 2 (Common):
var outList = GetIntegerList();
Example 3 (Common):
CopyReportsList(source, out outList);
if you compare t... | {
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} |
forces
I thought that although the man's applied force on the truck of X newtons causes the truck to return X newtons, ultimately, the truck's applied force on the man due to gravity must be greater than his X force in net, as the truck is accelerating downwards. Am I right in this reasoning? In your example, it is th... | {
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"tags": "forces",
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¬(P$$\land$$¬C)
4
The premises cannot all be true without the conclusion being false.
¬(P$$\land$$¬(¬C))
5
The premises can all be true with the conclusion being true.
P$$\land$$C
6
The premises can all be true without the conclusion being ture.
(P$$\land$$¬C)
7
The premises can all be true with the conclusi... | {
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"openwebmath_score": 0.610683262348175,
"tags":... |
r, deseq2, design
"Blast16", "Blast17", "Blast18", "Blast19", "Blast20", "Blast2",
"Blast21", "Blast22", "Blast23", "Blast3", "Blast4", "Blast5",
"Blast6", "Blast7", "Blast8", "Blast9", "CMP1", "CMP2", "CMP3",
"CMP4", "CMP5", "CMP6", "CMP7", "CMP8", "GMP1", "GMP2", "GMP3",
"GMP4", "GMP5", "GMP6", "GMP7", "HSC1", "... | {
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"id": 1677,
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"tags": "r, deseq2, design",
"url": null
} |
mechanical-engineering, gears, torque
SECTION B:
Here I have a lot of question about what's happening.
The Pinion has 17 teeth and is module 4.
From gear design, I understand that module, and axial pitch determines the Lead and lead angle of the gear. This has a direct relation with the surface contact (involute) in t... | {
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"tags": "mechanical-engineering, gears, torque",
"url": null
} |
c#, algorithm, unit-testing, tdd
...........
bestSum = Math.Max(currentSum, bestSum);
snippets are repetitive
So is value > -1 * currentSum and value <= -1 * currentSum.
Moreover, (currentSum + value) > 0 is more readable than value > -1 * currentSum.
Similarly (currentSum + value) <= 0 is more readable than value ... | {
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} |
discrete-signals, estimation, kalman-filters, non-linear, state-space
What $\mathbf{A}_d$ isn't is the basis of a linear innovation function for $\hat{\mathbf x}_k$. What $\mathbf{A}_d$ is, is the sensitivity of the actual nonlinear innovation of $\mathbf x$, i.e. $f$, to the parameters. So it's clearly wrong to est... | {
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"tags": "discrete-signals, estimation, kalman-filters, non-linear, state-space",
"url": null
... |
mars, surface
The majority of Mariner 10 high resolution images were sent back in real time (117.6 Kbits/s) with an attendant increase in bit errors during transmission [Danielson et al., 1975; Soha et al., 1975]. This resulted in severe salt and pepper random noise [Soha et al., 1975] that hampers the automatic ident... | {
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"tags": "mars, surface",
"url": null
} |
quantum-field-theory, special-relativity, conservation-laws, noethers-theorem, klein-gordon-equation
\end{aligned}
\end{equation}
where
$$
\widetilde{\mathrm dp}\equiv \frac{1}{2\omega(\vec p)}\mathrm d\vec p
$$
is the Lorentz-invariant measure.
Note that $Q^\mu$ agrees with the standard expression for the generator o... | {
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"tags": "quantum-field-theory, special-relativity, conservation-laws, noethers-theorem, kle... |
c#, sql-server
ConnectionParameter should be ConnectionStringField (or Property) to clearly communicate it belongs to a connection string.
I'm not sure if you know that there is already a SqlConnectionStringBuider and most providers have their own implementations.
I prefer to write extensions against this type rathe... | {
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"url": null
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vb.net, winforms
Dim item As ToolStripMenuItem = DirectCast(sender, ToolStripMenuItem)
CheckMenuItem(mnuLanguage, item)
Select Case item.Name
Case "mnuEnglish"
MsgBox("english")
Case "mnuFrench"
MsgBox("French")
Case Else
MsgBox("Other Languages")
... | {
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"tags": "vb.net, winforms",
"url": null
} |
species-identification, zoology, ornithology
In German, it's called Nebelkrähe (meaning "mist crow").
A Hooded Crow Corvus cornix in the garden of Belvedere (Vienna). [Source].
Description: ashy grey bird with black head, throat, wings, tail, and thigh feathers, as well as a black bill, eyes, and feet.
C cornix is... | {
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"tags": "species-identification, zoology, ornithology",
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## SYSTEMS OF LINEAR EQUATIONS
Solve the following by the Gauss-Jordan Method. Show all work.
### Exercise 17
x+3y=1x+3y=1 size 12{x+3y=1} {}
(24)
2x5y=132x5y=13 size 12{2x - 5y="13"} {}
(25)
### Exercise 18
xyz=1xyz=1 size 12{x - y - z= - 1} {}
(26)
x3y+2z=7x3y+2z=7 size 12{x - 3y+2z=7} {}
(27)
2xy+z=32xy+z=3 siz... | {
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"openwebmath_score": 0.8118929862976074,
"tags": null,
... |
python, state-machine
def get_key(self):
return self.keys[self.idx]
def get_val(self):
return self.values[self.idx]
def step(self, t):
i = int(round((t - dt)/dt)) # t starts at dt
ix = (i/self.i_every) % len(self.keys)
if ix == 0 and not self.shuffled:
pri... | {
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"tags": "python, state-machine",
"url": null
} |
python, c, security, linux
Discussion of how to adjust your system to give you permission to access the USB device is out of scope for this site. I'm also not really an expert on that. So you may need to ask elsewhere for that. | {
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group-theory, representation-theory, lie-algebra, spinors, clifford-algebra
$$\mathbb{C}l^0(4) \xrightarrow{\cong}\text{End}(\mathbb{C}^2) \oplus \text{End}(\mathbb{C}^2).$$
We call elements of this representation space Weyl spinors, which thus belong to $\mathbb{C}^2$.
Hence if we choose a Dirac spinor that comes fro... | {
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"tags": "group-theory, representation-theory, lie-algebra, spinors, clifford-algebra",
"u... |
vba, caesar-cipher
versus
`Text = EncryptUsingCaesarCypher(text)
Other than that, your naming is pretty solid.
Why separate functions for ShiftLeft and ShiftRight? The code in both is heavily-repeated and could be easily combined into a Shift(ByVal shiftValue as Long) function that handles positive and negative. Thi... | {
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"tags": "vba, caesar-cipher",
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python, performance, programming-challenge, python-2.x
Also if you changed it so that you only use num_list_sub[i] / num_list_sub[i - length] it would be faster.
This would also make it simpler.
def get_products(num_list, length):
product = float(prod(num_list[0:length]))
yield product
for index in range(l... | {
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python
(Minimum Spanning Tree)
"""
People says time complexity of Kruskal's Algorithm is \$O(ElogE)\$ and Prim's Algorithm is \$O(ElogV)\$. (E = number of edges, V = nubmer of vertices)
Then, does my code also have same complexity?
My Kruskal's Algorithm seems have \$O(V^2)\$ because of nested for-loop, and I can't f... | {
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"tags": "python",
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} |
homework-and-exercises, special-relativity, field-theory, quantum-electrodynamics
This is the Minkowski-space analog of the Euclidean-space integration of products of unit vectors over all angles, such as
$$\int d\Omega\,n_i n_j \propto \delta_{ij},$$
$$\int d\Omega\,n_i n_j n_k n_l \propto \delta_{ij}\delta_{kl} + \d... | {
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"tags": "homework-and-exercises, special-relativity, field-theory, quantum-electrodynamics"... |
c++, performance, graph, pathfinding, a-star
if (info[current_node].distance_forward.value() +
heuristic_function->
estimate(current_node, target_node) >= best_cost
||
info[current_node].distance_forward.value() +
... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c++, performance, graph, pathfinding, a-star",
"url": null
} |
c#, mvvm
int feedDataId = this._feedDataRepository
.Find(feed => Uri.Equals(feed.Link, feedLink))
.Select(feed => feed.Id).SingleOrDefault();
this._feedDataRepository.RemoveById(feedDataId);
IEnumerable<FeedItem> feedItems = this._feedItemRepository.GetAll()
... | {
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"tags": "c#, mvvm",
"url": null
} |
life, senses
Firstly, I think the short answer to your question as stated:
Do we know the physical-nature of “consciousness”?
Is no.
I would personally say that our notion of 'sense' - that is, our ability to perceive stimuli, is not the same as consciousness (whatever "consciousness" means at this point). To me, an... | {
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ros2
version: release/bouncy/ament_cmake_gmock/0.5.1-0
- git:
local-name: ament_cmake/ament_cmake_gtest
uri: https://github.com/ros2-gbp/ament_cmake-release.git
version: release/bouncy/ament_cmake_gtest/0.5.1-0
- git:
local-name: ament_cmake/ament_cmake_libraries
uri: https://github.com/ros2-gbp/am... | {
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"tags": "ros2",
"url": null
} |
One way to solve the problem ax ≡ c (mod b) would be to treat it as a problem in finding 𝑥0,𝑥1 for the linear equation ax0 − bx1 = c where 𝑎,𝑏,𝑐,𝑥0,𝑥1 ∈ 𝑍. One way to solve the linear equation would be to use substitution in two ways: first to introduce a new variable and a new equation at each step to create a... | {
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"openwebmath_score": 0.9300647974014282,
"tag... |
is 70 various factors impact the! For options expiring in the options market for boys always uniform, neither is.. The behaviour of volatility is 30 % in theory, for a one-point in. Formerly operating as J.P. Veger, of Maria Hoop ( Netherlands ), by. Is trading at 100, which of the above example shows how knowing the v... | {
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"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES\n\n",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9752018390836985,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8018003585329558,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8221891370573388,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 3350.1565688183273,
"openwebmath_score": 0.6837106347084045,
... |
discrete-signals, sampling, continuous-signals, signal-detection
Practically, given two signals, you can perform the test and evaluate $a$ by computing the CQT of $f_1$ and $f_2$, cross-correlating them and looking at the location of the peak. The strength of the peak might give you an idea of the spectral similarity ... | {
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"id": 519,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "discrete-signals, sampling, continuous-signals, signal-detection",
"url": null
} |
stim
Title: Modifying stim simulator state by resetting the current inverse tableau not working as desired? My goal is to run the Clifford simulation in stim where I apply Clifford gates (not neccesarily listed in the “named gates” list) e.g., random 2-qubit Clifford gates with tableau given by stim.Tableau.random(2).... | {
"domain": "quantumcomputing.stackexchange",
"id": 3884,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "stim",
"url": null
} |
c#, algorithm, programming-challenge, time-limit-exceeded, hash-map
So basically this function receives two strings as an input and
returns a value.
Akshara recently gained interest in coding and she came across this interesting question. She had 2 baskets. Each basket contained a
few strings. She wanted to find o... | {
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"tags": "c#, algorithm, programming-challenge, time-limit-exceeded, hash-map",
"url": ... |
electromagnetism, differential-geometry
$$\tag7\mathrm dt\wedge\oint_{\partial\Omega}B_x\,\mathrm dx+B_y\,\mathrm dy+B_z\,\mathrm dz=\mathrm dt\wedge\int_\Omega(j_x+\partial_tE_x)\,\mathrm dy\wedge\mathrm dz+(j_y+\partial_tE_y)\,\mathrm dz\wedge\mathrm dx\\+(j_z+\partial_tE_z)\,\mathrm dx\wedge\mathrm dy\qquad\text{(A... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 96167,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "electromagnetism, differential-geometry",
"url": null
} |
ros, bloom-release
The pkg rqt_moveit has been already removed both from local machine and on remote repo (github). Removing the folder under /tmp/tmp6UxXHW hasn't taken effect. Files in .git folder that contain the name of the deleted pkg are either under ./.git/logs/HEAD or ./.git/logs/refs/heads/groovy-devel, all o... | {
"domain": "robotics.stackexchange",
"id": 13703,
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"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "ros, bloom-release",
"url": null
} |
c++, c++17, template-meta-programming, stl, doxygen
My one complaint here is that it is hard to make out the default from deleted. I would group them together so you can at a glance see what is deleted and what is defaulted. I suppose its a common pattern that people know but in that case why not grab one of the stand... | {
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"tags": "c++, c++17, template-meta-programming, stl, doxygen",
"url": null
} |
area is $|a\times b|$. can be seen as a geometric representation of the cross product. A parallelogram is a 4-sided shape formed by two pairs of parallel lines. It can be shown that the area of this parallelogram ( which is the product of base and altitude ) is equal to the length of the cross product of these two vect... | {
"domain": "riyadhconnect.com",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES\n\n",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9865717440735736,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8365810321962086,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8479677602988602,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 389.21929774367885,
"openwebmath_score": 0.8157457709312439,
... |
python, homework, playing-cards, statistics, battle-simulation
Title: War card game simulator My teacher wants us to create a program that runs n games of war and calculates the average number of battles, wars and double wars that occurred. He has very specific rules (not necessarily the actual rules of war). I know t... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "python, homework, playing-cards, statistics, battle-simulation",
"url": null
... |
javascript, ecmascript-6, html5, audio
Title: Audio frequency trainer / tester using Web Audio API I'm making an audio frequency trainer as a learning exercise. It could be useful for audio technicians who need to recognize audio frequencies (eg. when ringing out feedback during a live concert or soundcheck).
A few da... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 32007,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "javascript, ecmascript-6, html5, audio",
"url": null
} |
Y = { 1/[ σ * sqrt(2π) ] } * e-(x - μ) 2 /2σ 2. where X is a normal random variable, μ is the mean, σ is the standard deviation, π is approximately 3.14159, and e is approximately 2.71828.. How to use the normal distribution generator: Complete the mean (M), standard deviation (SD), and number of values to be generated... | {
"domain": "wildhorsecomic.com",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9702399051935107,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8246759491999249,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8499711718571774,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 700.4161222459873,
"openwebmath_score": 0.7123406529426575,
"ta... |
$$b=2R\sin\frac{\pi-\alpha+\gamma}{2}=2R\cos\left(\frac\alpha2-\frac\gamma2\right)$$
$$c=2R\sin\frac{\pi-\alpha-\gamma}{2}=2R\cos\left(\frac\alpha2+\frac\gamma2\right)$$
$$b^2=4R^2\cos^2\left(\frac\alpha2-\frac\gamma2\right)=2R^2(1+\cos(\alpha-\gamma))$$
$$c^2=4R^2\cos^2\left(\frac\alpha2+\frac\gamma2\right)=2R^2(1+... | {
"domain": "stackexchange.com",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. Yes\n2. Yes",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9865717476269469,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8911645537605937,
"lm_q2_score": 0.903294216466424,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 224.18168856934906,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9784698486328125,
"tag... |
java, algorithm
Solution 2:
Alternatively if you require that the light switches on immediatly after a single switch is flipped, you'll have to do it differently.
Let's say the light is switched from off to on. For the next 500 milliseconds, under which condition should the light be switched back off? -> If ALL switch... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "java, algorithm",
"url": null
} |
algorithm, c, linked-list
bool isEnd(node_t* linkedListArray[], int length)
{
// Checks if all lists have been exhausted
int nullCount = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)
{
if (linkedListArray[i] == NULL)
{
nullCount++;
}
}
return nullCount == length ? true... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 37321,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "algorithm, c, linked-list",
"url": null
} |
python
Handling lack of results
Looking at the example usages of VLOOKUP, we can see that in case of no match found in the first column, the #N/A value is returned. In our case, the use of the max function raise an exception if the selection is empty:
>>> max([])
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", li... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "python",
"url": null
} |
polymers
Polyoxymethylene is the polymeric form of paraformaldehyde (formaldehyde oligomers), which forms spontaneously in aqueous solutions of formaldehyde. The methyl-capped paraformaldehyde and polyoxymethylene would form if methanol is added to the solution; indeed, this is actually typically done to limit the len... | {
"domain": "chemistry.stackexchange",
"id": 8250,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "polymers",
"url": null
} |
roslaunch
To remap a topic when calling a node with ros run the syntax is:
rosrun package node topic_name:=remapped_topic_name
Note the lack of _ prefix before the topic_name!
(See: http://wiki.ros.org/rosbash#rosrun )
Therefore in the example you've given stereo and image are topics and approximate_sync is a parame... | {
"domain": "robotics.stackexchange",
"id": 21661,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "roslaunch",
"url": null
} |
object-oriented, vb.net, properties
Return Me._RealEstateProperties
End Get
Set(value As List(Of RealEstateCollateral))
If Not value Is Nothing AndAlso value.Count > 0 Then
If Me.RealEstatePropertyIDs Is Nothing Then
Me.RealEstateProp... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 29309,
"lm_label": null,
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "object-oriented, vb.net, properties",
"url": null
} |
ros
self.diagnostics_pub = rospy.Publisher('/diagnostics', DiagnosticArray)
[INFO] [WallTime: 1464869228.261456] pan_tilt_port: Pinging motor IDs 1 through 4...
[FATAL] [WallTime: 1464869228.598303] pan_tilt_port: No motors found.
================================================================================REQUIRED... | {
"domain": "robotics.stackexchange",
"id": 24792,
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"lm_name": null,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "ros",
"url": null
} |
Now, if $\pi : V \to V / \langle x \rangle$ is the projection operator, then we conclude that $$\{ 0 \} \subsetneq \pi^{-1}(V_0) \subsetneq \pi^{-1}(V_1) \subsetneq \cdots \subsetneq \pi^{-1}(V_{n-1}) = V$$ is a chain satisfying the requirements.
• Very nice and smart! Sometimes taking the quotient space is more helpf... | {
"domain": "stackexchange.com",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9811668701095653,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8489291982258593,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8652240756264639,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 129.08548674308386,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9500741958618164,
"ta... |
bond, electronic-configuration, theoretical-chemistry
Title: Hypervalency and the octet rule I realize that the octet rule is more a suggestion than a rule, and that it applies mainly to non-transition metal compounds. Still, compounds that don't have an octet, like $\ce{BH3}$, tend to dimerize or disproportionate in ... | {
"domain": "chemistry.stackexchange",
"id": 3283,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "bond, electronic-configuration, theoretical-chemistry",
"url": null
} |
c++, algorithm, math-expression-eval
return token_vector;
}
vector<Token> shunting_yard_algorithm(const vector<Token>& token_vector)
{
vector<Token> postfix_token_vector;
stack<Token> operator_stack;
for (const Token& token : token_vector)
{
if (token.get_token_type() == TokenType::OPERAND)
... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 21133,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c++, algorithm, math-expression-eval",
"url": null
} |
machine-learning, data-mining
Title: Standardizing Data for Neural Networks Let's say we have a data set with following features
[age, sex, country, city, annual income]
[35, male, USA, New York, 73000].
I came across the article which explains how to deal with strings as an NN input.
Article example showing how to s... | {
"domain": "cs.stackexchange",
"id": 6547,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "machine-learning, data-mining",
"url": null
} |
electrostatics, electric-current, electrical-resistance, conductors, dielectric
$$
E_i = (\epsilon^{-1})_{ij} D_j,
$$
and so we can write
$$
j_i = \sigma_{ij} (\epsilon^{-1})_{jk} D_k.
$$
One could then define a new tensor $Q_{ik} = \sigma_{ij} (\epsilon^{-1})_{jk}$, which would give a linear relationship between $\ve... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 46632,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "electrostatics, electric-current, electrical-resistance, conductors, dielectric",
... |
second-quantization, matrix-elements
Title: Bath Hamiltonian in second quantization I'm trying to write down the bath Hamiltonian for a system of dimers and trimers. Imagine each of the monomers in the excited state can interact with several phonons with given frequencies. The bath Hamiltonian has the following form | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 11475,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "second-quantization, matrix-elements",
"url": null
} |
is a measure of outliers present in the options menu are three types kurtosis. Indicates a distribution, which has a lower peak asymmetry of a in. Also at the histogram kurtosis that exceed these guidelines are considered nonnormal. between and! Describes the three cases, such as a symmetrical one, and Sarstedt, M. 201... | {
"domain": "alcazardetoledo.es",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES\n\n",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9732407168145569,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.821313080257955,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8438951084436077,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 1219.4822731858726,
"openwebmath_score": 0.8063612580299377,
... |
Others have been focusing on intuitions on why the second series diverges independently of the first series... but there is a way to see what is happening by seeing how the first and second series are related.
Before we start, note that we can see that $$\sum_{k=0}^\infty \frac{1}{2^k} = 2$$ Now, consider the set of a... | {
"domain": "stackexchange.com",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9840936050226358,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8699773917288597,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8840392695254318,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 285.2873643099236,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9000977277755737,
"tag... |
And common difference (d2) = 21 – 24 = – 3
∴ Its nth term, T"'"_(n_2) = a_2 + (n_2 - 1)d_2
⇒ T"'"_(n_2) = 24 + (n_2 - 1)(-3)
⇒ T"'"_(n_2) = 24 - 3n_2 + 3
⇒ T"'"_(n_2) = 27 - 3n_2 .....(ii)
Now, by given condition,
nth terms of the both APs are same
i.e., 11 - 2n_1 = 27 - 3n_2 ......[From equations (i) and (ii... | {
"domain": "shaalaa.com",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.990440601781584,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8210146500611971,
"lm_q2_score": 0.828938806208442,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 3442.672829261931,
"openwebmath_score": 0.26719430088996887,
"tags": nul... |
@badatmath: I did not say "the roots are in $\mathbb{C}$." The inclusion $\mathbb{Z}\hookrightarrow\mathbb{C}$ means you can consider polynomials with integer coefficients as polynomials with complex coefficients. If you do that, then the image of $x^2+1$ has roots when you consider it as an element of $\mathbb{C}[x]$,... | {
"domain": "stackexchange.com",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9854964215865321,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8490428207025734,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8615382076534742,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 76.4085526447313,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9455252885818481,
"tags... |
clojure, factors
Title: Prime factors kata solution in Clojure I'm new to Clojure but I already know about functions and lists, so I decided to implement Prime Factors Kata solution. For any natural number the function should return a list of all its prime factors, e.g. for 15 it should return (3 5).
It turned out tha... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 38105,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "clojure, factors",
"url": null
} |
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