text stringlengths 1 1.11k | source dict |
|---|---|
javascript, html, mvc, dom, dice
// I bet I am drunk already
console.log("Game won! Total drinks: " + DiceGame.totalDrinks);
This is how one may rewrite your model to be more self-centric.
Model knows nothing about how it will be used or shown. It has public and private parts and holds knowledge about how to shift it... | {
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"tags": "javascript, html, mvc, dom, dice",
"url": null
} |
quantum-field-theory, particle-physics, string-theory, quantum-chromodynamics, branes
My question is now, if there is a similar indication of strings or higher-dimensional objects that are as important as particles in QFT? It comes of course to mind that string theory was at first introduced as a candidate for the str... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "quantum-field-theory, particle-physics, string-theory, quantum-chromodynamics, bra... |
black-hole, singularity
(In fact, there's good reason to think that any post-GR theory of gravity will make different predictions about the nature of the event horizon, since it's very difficult to reconcile the GR's event horizons with quantum mechanics, and quantum mechanics will almost certainly will be part of th... | {
"domain": "astronomy.stackexchange",
"id": 4157,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "black-hole, singularity",
"url": null
} |
proof-techniques, formal-methods, software-verification
I realize that Model Checking is a good candidate for matching a program model with a specification. But the question still remains, how you know that your model is correct in the first place. That is where it seems formal proofs or some other formal verification... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "proof-techniques, formal-methods, software-verification",
"url": null
} |
electromagnetism, electromagnetic-radiation, harmonic-oscillator, magnetic-moment
At optical frequencies, the magnetization vanishes,
M = 0. Consequently, for optical fields, the following relation is always true:
B(r, t) = μ0H(r, t). As Pieter said, there are two main reasons for vanishing magnetization at optica... | {
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"tags": "electromagnetism, electromagnetic-radiation, harmonic-oscillator, magnetic-moment"... |
reinforcement-learning
* Note that the diagram that goes with the equations does show reward and state sharing time step indexing. This implies that there could be a typo and the author meant to write $r_{t+1}$ where they have put $r_t$ in equation 1.3. Or perhaps they have used two sources which use different convent... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "reinforcement-learning",
"url": null
} |
c++, vectors
template <typename T>
Vector2D<T>& Vector2D<T>::operator=(const Vector2D<T>& rhs) {
x = rhs.x;
y = rhs.y;
return *this;
}
template <typename T>
Vector2D<T> operator+(Vector2D<T> lhs, const Vector2D<T>& rhs) {
lhs += rhs;
return lhs;
}
template <typename T>
Vector2D<T> operator*(Vecto... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c++, vectors",
"url": null
} |
cell-biology, embryology, mitosis
The number of nuclei at the cellular blastoderm stage also changed in response to selection, with large-egg selected lines having more than 1000 additional nuclei relative to small-egg lines. This increase in nuclear number in larger eggs does not scale with egg size, however, as nucl... | {
"domain": "biology.stackexchange",
"id": 7590,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "cell-biology, embryology, mitosis",
"url": null
} |
homework-and-exercises, electric-circuits, electrical-resistance, capacitance, inductance
$$ c \ne a + b $$
We can say, however, that:
$$ \vec{c} = \vec{a} + \vec{b} $$
Use this analogy to think about your circuit. Inductors and capacitor have voltage phasors with angles:
$$ \vec{V_L} = IZ = j(I\omega L) = I\omega L\a... | {
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"tags": "homework-and-exercises, electric-circuits, electrical-resistance, capacitance, ind... |
matlab, power-spectral-density, snr, information-theory, channelcoding
The SNR axis in the plot corresponds to $R\frac{E_b}{N_0}.$
I've read here a question that could solve my problem, but I'm not sure if it applies directly. Here, I don't have any information about the data bit rate that is mentioned in that questio... | {
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"tags": "matlab, power-spectral-density, snr, information-theory, channelcoding",
"url": null
... |
c++, c, c++17, pointers, callback
OK found the reference you were eluding to:
Next time just add it to the question.
From: https://support.hdfgroup.org/HDF5/doc1.8/RM/RM_H5P.html#Property-SetELinkCb
herr_t elink_callback(const char* parent_file_name,
const char* parent_group_name,
... | {
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"tags": "c++, c, c++17, pointers, callback",
"url": null
} |
c++
return {rotate(p1, angle), rotate(p2, angle), rotate(p3, angle)};
}
I used a lambda here, but you could also write that as a regular function. You can now use this as follows:
Triangle transformedAgent1 = agent1.Rotate(rotationAngle1).Translate(position1);
Avoid using smart pointers unnecessarily
There is no rea... | {
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"tags": "c++",
"url": null
} |
particle-physics, feynman-diagrams, visualization
Title: Feynman diagrams in three dimensions Is there such a thing as an extension of Feynman diagrams into three dimensions?
Canonical Feynman diagrams use one space and one time dimension to visualize processes involving elementary particles in space-time. This is ver... | {
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"id": 12530,
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"tags": "particle-physics, feynman-diagrams, visualization",
"url": null
} |
electrostatics, electric-fields, gauss-law, boundary-conditions
In the proof after we form our Gaussian box we let the sides of the box (of length say $\epsilon$) tend to zero. Then we arrive at the result that the difference in the electric field produced by charges in the box are $\vec{E}_{\text{above box}} - \vec{E... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "electrostatics, electric-fields, gauss-law, boundary-conditions",
"url": null
} |
c#, fibonacci-sequence
This coupling of methods also leads to less flexibility. If one method changes in a way that involves changing the class-level field, then all the other methods which access it have to worry about it too. | {
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"tags": "c#, fibonacci-sequence",
"url": null
} |
c++, c++17, windows, winapi
Possible infinite loop
Near the start of watch() you have this loop:
while (is_valid_ && hasEvent()) {
eventSend();
}
Since eventSend() never clears event_buf_len_ready_, if it ever enters this loop, it will be an infinite one.
Alternatives to callbacks
Callback functions are certainly... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c++, c++17, windows, winapi",
"url": null
} |
waves
Title: Density and Wave Speed For a string, the formula for wave speed is $v=\sqrt{\frac{T}{\mu}}$, where $\mu=\frac{m}{L}$. The greater the linear density, the more massive the string is per unit length, the more inertia it has, and the slower the wave propagates.
However, for a sound wave, wave speed is fastes... | {
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"tags": "waves",
"url": null
} |
java, null, serialization
public Organization build() {
if (!organizationId.isPresent() || !accountNumber.isPresent() || !address.isPresent() ||
!branchCode.isPresent() || !chamberOfCommerce.isPresent() || !city.isPresent() ||
!ibanNumber.isPresent() || !organizationName.isPres... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "java, null, serialization",
"url": null
} |
c++, embedded, device-driver
The RGB definitions:
class RGB
{
//variables
public:
// the values
uint8_t r, g, b;
//functions
public:
RGB();
RGB(const uint8_t &r, const uint8_t &g, const uint8_t &b);
//constructor for hex values like
// 0x000000
// first 8 bit = r secon 8bit = g last 8bit = b
... | {
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"tags": "c++, embedded, device-driver",
"url": null
} |
mechanical-engineering, gears
You should study omnidirectional and holonomic drive systems. | {
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"tags": "mechanical-engineering, gears",
"url": null
} |
co.combinatorics, pr.probability, randomness, st.statistics, high-dimensional-geometry
Title: Application of the inequality with expectations Let $\Vert\cdot\Vert$ is a norm in $R^n$. Let $x_1,\dots,x_N$ non-independent Rademacher random variables random variables (variables which are uniform on $\{-1, 1\}$). . By $... | {
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"tags": "co.combinatorics, pr.probability, randomness, st.statistics, high-dimensional-geom... |
# Sorting terms in a huge equation by grouping specific products
I have a boundary condition for a problem, which contains around 100 terms! I have no trouble getting Mathematica to compute it, but the terms are sorted in a seemingly random order and I would like to organise them to make it a bit easier to deal with w... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9615338090839606,
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"openwebmath_perplexity": 3160.9951282485745,
"openwebmath_score": 0.5547876358032227,
"ta... |
Theorem 25 (Slater's Condition)
If a convex optimization problem is strictly feasible, then strong duality holds
Once we find a solution to the dual problem, then the solution to the primal problem is recovered by minimized
$\mathcal{L}(\mathbf{x}, \boldsymbol{\lambda}^*, \boldsymbol{\mu}^*)$
where
$\boldsymbol{\lambd... | {
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"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9911526449170697,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8216048944364543,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8289388104343892,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 787.0072352865853,
"openwebmath_score": 0.8757135272026062,
"tags": nul... |
# The Definite Integral and the FTC
The Definition of the Definite Integral.
The definition of the definite integrals is: If f is a function continuous on the closed interval [a, b], and $a={{x}_{0}}<{{x}_{1}}<{{x}_{2}}<\cdots <{{x}_{{n-1}}}<{{x}_{n}}=b$ is a partition of that interval, and $x_{i}^{*}\in [{{x}_{{i-1... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9833429565737233,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8578166579974011,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8723473862936942,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 407.17507108116865,
"openwebmath_score": 0.8520076870918274,
... |
newtonian-mechanics, forces, fluid-dynamics, fluid-statics
Now let's use Newton's second law for the ball, that is, taking in account only forces that are acting upon the ball. $$mg=F_N+F_B$$ where $F_N$ is the normal force and $F_B$ is the buoyancy force. There is no problem with this. However, if we limit our observ... | {
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"tags": "newtonian-mechanics, forces, fluid-dynamics, fluid-statics",
"url": null
} |
decay. Any advice provided is general only and may not be right for you. Likewise, using the logarithm function, small values can be intensified and thereby it can be represented for proper evaluation. Consider for instance that the scale of the graph below ranges from 1,000 to. There may be various types of logs, whic... | {
"domain": "coroilcontrappunto.it",
"id": null,
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"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.984093606422157,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8422376417795499,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8558511469672594,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 1085.9298730210649,
"openwebmath_score": 0.3648743629455566... |
objective-c, ios, core-data
-(BOOL)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView canEditRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath{
return TRUE;
}
-(void)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView commitEditingStyle:(UITableViewCellEditingStyle)editingStyle forRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath{
[_tableView beginUpdates];
... | {
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"tags": "objective-c, ios, core-data",
"url": null
} |
Step 3. Let us apply the above formula with $a_k=\tau(4k+1)$ and $c_k=\frac{1}{4k+1}$. We have $c_{k-1} - c_k = \frac{1}{4k-3} - \frac{1}{4k+1} = \frac{4}{(4k-3)(4k+1)} = \frac{1}{4}\,k^{-2} + O(k^{-3}),$ so with the notation introduced earlier, we obtain $X_N - X_M = \sum_{k=M}^{N-1} \frac{\tau(4k+1)}{4k+1} = \frac{A_... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.979354068055595,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8074401394418087,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8244619242200082,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 359.13452823007,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9817647337913513,
"tags":... |
exceedance probability is 100%. please , how i can generate/ calculate an annualized standard deviation of equity and expected rate of return such as introduced by Merton's model after to keep only yearly observation by firm & year . On this page is a S&P 500 Historical Return calculator.You can input time-frames from ... | {
"domain": "stephancaras.com",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9693242009478238,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8035104418663279,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8289388019824946,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 1109.8220593984636,
"openwebmath_score": 0.6404770016670227,
"tag... |
c++
Title: Factorize a function where inheritance is unwanted I have this piece of code which I'd like to improve:
std::optional<IntersectionInfo> Scene::intersects(const Ray& ray) const
{
float closest = std::numeric_limits<float>::max();
int index = -1;
int i = 0;
for(auto& sphere : _spheres)
{
... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c++",
"url": null
} |
quantum-field-theory, quantum-chromodynamics, chirality, confinement, wilson-loop
A theory is confining if all finite-energy states are invariant under a global gauge transformation. $U(1)$ gauge theory QED is not confining, because there are finite-energy states (such as the state of a single electron) that have nonz... | {
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"tags": "quantum-field-theory, quantum-chromodynamics, chirality, confinement, wilson-loop"... |
quantum-chemistry, computational-chemistry, theoretical-chemistry, multi-reference
Title: What exactly is meant by 'multi-configurational' and 'multireference'? Some topics here have touched on this before (see 1, 2, 3), but I haven't found a clear definition yet.
I would like to know what exact property of the wave ... | {
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"tags": "quantum-chemistry, computational-chemistry, theoretical-chemistry, multi-referen... |
for all z except the ray z ≥ 1. The simplest example of an oscillating sequence is the sequence. This value is equal to:. The formula for the n-th partial sum, S n, of a geometric series with common ratio r is given by: This formula is actually quite simple to confirm: you just use polynomial long division. Partial sum... | {
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8311430478583168,
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"openwebmath_score": 0.7991575598716736,
... |
The second number represents "tens", thus your series should be: 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12....
Representing zero tens is simply meaningless and is normally omitted (unless intentionally using it to represent a limited space), just like all other infinite zeros representing no hundreds, thousands.. | {
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8289388062084421,
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"openwebmath_score": 0.8345725536346436,
"tag... |
c++, c++11, graph
namespace {
constexpr int ZERO_DISTANCE_VALUE = 0;
constexpr int INFINITY_VALUE = std::numeric_limits<int>::max();
} // namespace
using NodeType = int;
using CostType = int;
using AdjacencyListType = std::vector<std::vector<NodeType>>;
using DistanceVector = std::vector<NodeType>;
using QueueType = ... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c++, c++11, graph",
"url": null
} |
slam, gazebo, navigation, turtlebot, rtabmap
<!-- ******* Navigation - Move Base ******* -->
<include file="$(find turtlebot_navigation)/launch/includes/move_base.launch.xml"/>
<!-- ******* Visualization of the Turtlebot on Rviz ******* -->
<node name="rviz" pkg="rviz" type="rviz" args="-d $(find turtlebot_rviz... | {
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"tags": "slam, gazebo, navigation, turtlebot, rtabmap",
"url": null
} |
roboearth, openni-launch
In the roboearth tutorail (http://www.ros.org/wiki/roboearth/Tutorials/Record%20an%20object%20model) we launch openni using roslaunch openni_camera openni_node.launch. As mentioned this provides the same information but publishes slightly different topics. In particular, using this method we h... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "roboearth, openni-launch",
"url": null
} |
enthalpy, temperature
Title: Do endothermic reactions have a higher absolute change in temperature than exothermic reactions? or does it depend on the reaction itself. I am conducting an experiment and the endothermic reactions have temperature changes of at least 8 degrees while the exothermic reactions have a change... | {
"domain": "chemistry.stackexchange",
"id": 11614,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "enthalpy, temperature",
"url": null
} |
biochemistry, molecular-biology, microbiology, rna
a) growth of E. coli AB1157 sfiA pyrD in the presence of 4-thiouridine | {
"domain": "biology.stackexchange",
"id": 11202,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "biochemistry, molecular-biology, microbiology, rna",
"url": null
} |
control-engineering, control-theory, matlab, simulink
Title: MATLAB allmargin() function return multiple GainMargin, but how to identify them on the Bode plot? I have a high order discrete transfer function model which has the following form. When I use the allmargin function to get the gain margin, I get the followin... | {
"domain": "engineering.stackexchange",
"id": 5128,
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"tags": "control-engineering, control-theory, matlab, simulink",
"url": null
} |
from the array module. Vector Calculator. To find the dot product of two vectors: Select the vectors dimension and the vectors form of representation; Type the coordinates of the vectors; Press the button "=" and you will have a detailed step-by-step solution. Algebraically, both of these express the same thing. It giv... | {
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"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES\n\n",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9820137868795701,
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"lm_q2_score": 0.822189123986562,
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"openwebmath_score": 0.6384262442588806,
"tag... |
java, performance, web-scraping
// converted to non-static so that rootUrl can be used
private boolean isRelevant(String url) {
// ...
return url.startsWith(rootUrl);
}
private void buildArticle(String url, Document page) {
// ...
try {
// ...
Artic... | {
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"tags": "java, performance, web-scraping",
"url": null
} |
a.
Part(a)(i) caused problems for some candidates who failed to realize that the integral can only be tackled by the use of partial fractions. Even then, the improper integral only exists as a limit – too many candidates ignored or skated over this important point. Candidates must realize that in this type of question... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9923043510009422,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8203497102801243,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8267117940706735,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 1986.0596788137618,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9119042158126831,
"ta... |
java, unit-testing, binary-search
private static boolean binarySearchIterative(int[] array, int item) {
int left = 0;
int right = array.length - 1 ;
while (left < right) {
int mid = (left + right)/2 + left;
if (array[mid] == item) {
return true;
... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "java, unit-testing, binary-search",
"url": null
} |
# Piecewise Functions Quiz Pdf | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": 1306.835351115949,
"openwebmath_score": 0.5101750493049622,
"tags": nu... |
immunology, protocol, vaccination, allergies
Sublingual immunization can induce both systemic and mucosal immune responses against a variety of antigens, including soluble proteins, inter particulate antigens, and live-attenuated viruses [2].
Sublingual immunization has been shown to be safe and highly effective in ge... | {
"domain": "biology.stackexchange",
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "immunology, protocol, vaccination, allergies",
"url": null
} |
ros, xmlrpc, ros-kinetic, rosparam
Title: ROS master crashing due to XMLRPC error
I restarted my robot, running ROS Kinetic on a Raspberry Pi, and I'm finding that the master node is immediately crashing on startup with the error:
auto-starting new master
process[master]: started with pid [7708]
ROS_MASTER_URI=http:/... | {
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"id": 29935,
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"tags": "ros, xmlrpc, ros-kinetic, rosparam",
"url": null
} |
Möbius strip to make an oriented creature, we do not have (almost) the same boundary curve as the Möbius strip. This difference, as far as I'm concerned, is what messes up the Gauss-Bonnet Theorem. One more comment: The definition of $$\kappa_g$$ (as $$\kappa\mathbf N\cdot(\mathbf n\times\mathbf T)$$, where $$\mathbf T... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9814534311480467,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8418594533404034,
"lm_q2_score": 0.857768108626046,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 286.0825430524377,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9532164931297302,
"tags... |
c, strings
Title: Counting the number of words in a string using C I wrote a simple program to count the number of words in a string using C. Would you mind reading it and telling me if the method used is acceptable? Or if there are style errors or ways I can improve it?
/*Procedure that counts the number of words in... | {
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"tags": "c, strings",
"url": null
} |
quantum-mechanics, operators, commutator
In this case, the spectra $\sigma(A)$ and $\sigma(B)$ are closed bounded subsets of $\mathbb{R}$. I stress that the spectra may include both continuous and point parts.
Unfortunately, the number of situations where this happens in physics is really negligible. The fundamental ... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "quantum-mechanics, operators, commutator",
"url": null
} |
mass-energy, quarks
1 Free neutrons are emphatically not in a ground state with respect to the weak interaction as indicated by the fact that they decay to protons plus leptons.
2 I have the delta's in mind here, but there are even heavier states. | {
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"tags": "mass-energy, quarks",
"url": null
} |
c++, error-handling, io, vectors
std::cout << "vdistance size is\t" << vdistance.size() << "\n";
std::cout << "dtotaldist size is\t" << dtotaldist << "\n";
std::cout << "The mean distance is\t" << dtotaldist / vdistance.size() << "\n";
std::cout << "The long distance is\t" << dgreatest << "\n";... | {
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"id": 32118,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c++, error-handling, io, vectors",
"url": null
} |
java, game, gui, user-interface, hangman
if(checkUserGuess(guess)) {
updateSecretWord(guess);
drawSecretWord();
if(lettersGuessed.size() != 0) // No letters have been guessed by the user at the beginning
drawLettersGuessed();
//... | {
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"id": 12201,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "java, game, gui, user-interface, hangman",
"url": null
} |
java, array, matrix
What I want to accomplish:
I want to fill the original array A with the sorted boundary elements B in a single loop at their respective positions in descending order.In my code I have used 4 different loops for accomplishing this task.Any suggestions or help to make my code better? Have no idea wha... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "java, array, matrix",
"url": null
} |
quantum-mechanics, hilbert-space, wavefunction, schroedinger-equation, probability
Bohm gives no mathematical argument at all and actually the statement seems completely unjustified to me.
Does someone know some reason why it should be true?
NOTE (1). Since the Schrödinger equation is a first-order equation, the time ... | {
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"tags": "quantum-mechanics, hilbert-space, wavefunction, schroedinger-equation, probability... |
Case 3 - Points on a line with negative slope
In this case, the points $(x_i,y_i)$ are on a line with a negative slope, the products $(y_i-\bar y )(x_i-\bar x )$ have negative (-) signs and therefore add up in absolute value, hence the covariance has a negative value with large absolute value.
The denominator in the f... | {
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"id": null,
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9850429156022934,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.825091612844943,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8376199653600372,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 210.63670901844213,
"openwebmath_score": 0.8434075117111206,
"... |
humanoid, geometry
Title: Get approach vector from Mano hand model I'm trying to get approach vector/normal from Mano hand parameters that I get from my network. Because the hand parameters are dependent on how it picks an object, I am interested in getting the approach vector (or normal from the center of hand mesh).... | {
"domain": "robotics.stackexchange",
"id": 2553,
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"tags": "humanoid, geometry",
"url": null
} |
1. #N#Chart and Graph Criteria Only. The Weighted Scoring Model Use weighted scoring to rank potential initiatives and facilitate an objective discussion. Find descriptive alternatives for weighted. An average, also known as an arithmetic mean, is the sum of a set of values divided by the number of values in the set. A... | {
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"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES\n\n",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.970239907775086,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8265986043633824,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8519527982093668,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 1075.847304280341,
"openwebmath_score": 0.78596127033233... |
homework-and-exercises, thermodynamics, energy, work, ideal-gas
Title: Heat, work, energy and ideal gas law I have encountered a textbook problem which I believe I have solved correctly, but my text book gives a slightly different answer. Any input will be greatly appreciated!
PROBLEM:
A container has a volume of $10$... | {
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"tags": "homework-and-exercises, thermodynamics, energy, work, ideal-gas",
"url": null
} |
general-relativity, gravity, curvature
However, as the electromagnetic field inherently contains energy/momentum, it is, by Einstein's famous formula, inherently equivalent to mass, so, indeed, the presence of electromagnetic fields will curve spacetime. There is a portion of the stress-energy tensor due to electromag... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 18760,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "general-relativity, gravity, curvature",
"url": null
} |
reinforcement-learning, off-policy-methods, sutton-barto, importance-sampling
When $\pi$ is deterministic and greedy it gives $1$ for the greedy action and 0 for all other possible actions.
So, how can the above formula give something else than zero, except for the case where policy $b$ takes a path that $\pi$ would h... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "reinforcement-learning, off-policy-methods, sutton-barto, importance-sampling",
"url":... |
Cauchy-Schwarz inequality and three-letter identities (exercise 1.4 from "The Cauchy-Schwarz Master Class")
Exercise 1.4 from a great book The Cauchy-Schwarz Master Class asks to prove the following:
For all positive $x$, $y$ and $z$, one has $$x+y+z \leq 2 \left(\frac{x^2}{y+z} + \frac{y^2}{x+z} + \frac{z^2}{x+y}\ri... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9752018347594028,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8147650742997763,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8354835330070839,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 364.2613231832554,
"openwebmath_score": 0.8287297487258911,
"tag... |
python, beginner, python-2.x, json, flask
Is there a better way to do this? Can you recommend improvements to this code?
You may want to use a different template for error messages. You can still reuse the overall design by inheriting from a base template.
You replace variable values a lot, making it hard to follow w... | {
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"tags": "python, beginner, python-2.x, json, flask",
"url": null
} |
ros, c++, plugin, rqt, gui
Here is the GUI definition file my_plugin.ui:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<ui version="4.0">
<class>MyPluginWidget</class> | {
"domain": "robotics.stackexchange",
"id": 23744,
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
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"tags": "ros, c++, plugin, rqt, gui",
"url": null
} |
ros, c++, colcon
Title: C++ can not build simple test program after update (Ubuntu 22.04/ROS 2 Rolling) I just updated my Ubuntu 22.04 installation with ROS 2 rolling on it and now when I try to rebuild my ROS packages I get an error message that it can't compile a simple test program:
CMake Error at /home/john/.local... | {
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"tags": "ros, c++, colcon",
"url": null
} |
php, beginner, html
}
else{
$total = 0;
$soba_size = $_POST['soba_size'];
switch($soba_size){
case "small":
$total = $total + 4;
break;
case "reg":
$total = $total + 6;
break;
case "large":
$total = $total + 8;
break;
}
$soba_type = $_POST['soba_type'];
$dbto... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "php, beginner, html",
"url": null
} |
If your underlying measure space is not complete, certainly things can go wrong. For a trivial example, let $B$ be any set which is $\mu$-null but not measurable. If $f_n$ is the zero function for all $n$, we have $f_n \to 1_B$ a.e., but $1_B$ is not a measurable function.
Thanks so much for your response. Regarding th... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9833429604789206,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8062363358866029,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8198933315126791,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 96.80433963027328,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9709847569465637,
"tag... |
newtonian-mechanics, rotational-dynamics, rigid-body-dynamics
I found in some game physics engines the equation is expressed in inertia frame rather than body frame.
$$\tau=I\dot{\omega}+\omega \times I \omega$$
In that situation the inertia tensor $I$ is not constant but varying with the body frame. Therefore it... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "newtonian-mechanics, rotational-dynamics, rigid-body-dynamics",
"url": null
} |
thermodynamics, statistical-mechanics, temperature, equilibrium, equivalence-principle
Please help me in clarifying the doubt, it takes somewhat long time for me to understand the proof of empirical temperature. But I am not able to clarify my above doubts. I am very very confused. Please help.
[Edit- Have fixed the e... | {
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"tags": "thermodynamics, statistical-mechanics, temperature, equilibrium, equivalence-princ... |
quantum-field-theory, special-relativity, group-theory, representation-theory
\end{align}
The transformed field evaluated at a spacetime point $x$ agrees with the un-transformed field at the spacetime point $\Lambda^{-1} x$.
QFT.
But now, let's consider QFT. In this case, $\phi$ assign an operator (well really an ope... | {
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"tags": "quantum-field-theory, special-relativity, group-theory, representation-theory",
... |
visible-light
Title: What is the color of Water? What is the color of Water? I am not talking about large water bodies like Ocean or lake but a glass of water. If it has no color how can we see it? The water has an index of refraction, so it distorts what you see through it.
That enables you to see it's edges, etc.
Pi... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "visible-light",
"url": null
} |
quantum-field-theory, fluid-dynamics, condensed-matter, greens-functions, effective-field-theory
Title: How to interpret a Green's function containing a branch cut from $-\infty$ to $+\infty$ at negative imaginary frequency? From some loop calculation in an EFT, I have found the Green's function containing this square... | {
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"tags": "quantum-field-theory, fluid-dynamics, condensed-matter, greens-functions, effectiv... |
javascript, numbers-to-words
//Validates the number input and makes it a string
if (typeof number === 'string') {
number = parseInt(number, 10);
}
if (typeof number === 'number' && !isNaN(number) && isFinite(number)) {
number = number.toString(10);
}
else {
return 'This is not a valid number';
... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 13534,
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "javascript, numbers-to-words",
"url": null
} |
python, python-3.x
def write_file(lines):
filename = sys.argv[1]
file_parts = filename.split(".")
file_parts[0] += "_resequence"
filename = ".".join(file_parts)
with open(filename, "a") as file:
for line in lines:
file.write(line + "\n")
def main():
if len(sys.argv) < 2:
... | {
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the response of the mass -spring system to various initial conditions using the Matlab file SpringMassInit. Updated at 11:50 a. < State Space Model Example : Simple Spring-Mass > Let's look into a simple example as shown below. , and M is the total mass of the system. Which of these types to use depends on economic as ... | {
"domain": "mexproject.it",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES\n\n",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.986777179803135,
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8267117962054048,
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"openwebmath_score": 0.5349347591400146,
"tags... |
I recently found the following which is better mathematically speaking, a=2(pi)*U b=cos^-1(2U-1)
Not much different from my original formula actually, though mine is degrees vs radians.
This recent version supposedly can be used for hyperspheres, though no mention was made on how to achieve it.
Though I check the un... | {
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"tags... |
(in the sense that the probability that $$a,b$$ chosen uniformly from $$\{1, 2, \ldots, N\}$$ are coprime approaches $$\frac{6}{\pi^2}$$ as $$N \rightarrow \infty$$.)
Usually $$(2 \pi)^{-n}$$ appears in the $$n$$ dimensional Fourier transform: If the Fourier transform of a $$L^1(\mathbb{R}^n)$$ is defined as $$\hat{f}... | {
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8354835371034369,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 479.96306399274664,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9356304407119751,
"ta... |
python, statistics, anomaly-detection
In order to detect the change, you have to have some idea of what 'before' might look like so you can have confidence that 'after' is really different. So, yes, all change detection algorithms will use some run length before and after the true change to make a decision (edit: actu... | {
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"tags": "python, statistics, anomaly-detection",
"url": null
} |
python, python-2.x, api
def check_standard_word(tag):
"""
Checks if the values from the compare tuple are found in the exclude array
Args:
tag (str): Tag from nltk.pos_tag(arr[str]) function
Returns:
bool: If found in the array return True, False if otherwise
"""
exclude = ["MD"... | {
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"tags": "python, python-2.x, api",
"url": null
} |
discrete-signals, sampling, convolution, downsampling, upsampling
frLTI: $1/d$-rLTI:
$\texttt{up}\{\texttt{sub}\{\texttt{shift}\{x, s\}, d\}, d\} = \texttt{shift}\{\texttt{up}\{\texttt{sub}\{x, d\}, d\}, s\},\ s / d \in \mathbb{Z}$ | {
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"tags": "discrete-signals, sampling, convolution, downsampling, upsampling",
"url": null
} |
c#, unit-testing, library, dice
Title: A simple testable standalone DLL for die rolling I've decided to challenge myself by writing a test standalone DLL with the objective of making all of its publicly-exposed objects able to be as intuitive and as simple-to-use as possible.
I've decided to try and create some object... | {
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"id": 16561,
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c#, unit-testing, library, dice",
"url": null
} |
online-algorithms
Title: How to design an online algorithm for secretary problem with multiple players? We have $k$ bins of capacity $c_i$ each. These bins appear in an online fashion, say on day $i$, bin $i$ appears. There are $l$ balls. Ball $j$ has weight $w_{ij}$ with bin $i$.
Each ball knows that there will be $... | {
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"id": 4791,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "online-algorithms",
"url": null
} |
beginner, c, networking, proxy
There are various trade-offs here. You could do it without threads, and just poll() all the filedescriptors. You don't get the benefit of using multiple cores if you have lots of traffic to deal with, but on the other hand, you don't have to deal with any thread-related issues.
One threa... | {
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"tags": "beginner, c, networking, proxy",
"url": null
} |
c++, c++11, multithreading, console
#include "Console.h"
int main()
{
try
{
Console console;
// Put window in the upper left corner of the screen
console.move(0, 0);
// Window size to a width of 100 and a height of 30 character Cells
console.resize(100, 30);
... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c++, c++11, multithreading, console",
"url": null
} |
gazebo, odometry, rviz, ubuntu, ubuntu-precise
Title: No transform from links to odom in rviz
I built an URDF model from scratch and launched successfully in gazebo. Then i added the differential_drive and joint_state plug-ins to the urdf model as follows
<gazebo>
<plugin name="differential_drive_controller"
file... | {
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"tags": "gazebo, odometry, rviz, ubuntu, ubuntu-precise",
"url": null
} |
equilibrium
But silver chloride has very low solubility, about 1 mg can dissolve in 1 L of water. So when a silver ion and chloride ion meet, they quickly fall out of solution. So if we had an equilibrium between the dissolved ions and the small amount of "soluble" silver chloride, that equilibrium would be driven tow... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "equilibrium",
"url": null
} |
mechanical-engineering, design, cad
Title: Opening Creo file in student edition Is it possible to open a part created using Creo commercial edition in the student edition ? I tried this but it doesn’t seem to work. Is there a way to do this ? The "professional" version has more features, so the parts have extra inform... | {
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"tags": "mechanical-engineering, design, cad",
"url": null
} |
# Question about partial derivative at a point.
I'm currently studying Partial Derivatives and ran into this problem:
$$f(x,y) = \begin{cases} \frac{x^2}{x^2+y^4}, & (x,y) \neq (0,0) \\ 0, & (x,y) = (0,0) \end{cases}$$
In this question, we are supposed to find $$\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}$$ at $$(0,0)$$.
(Sorry ... | {
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8311430415844384,
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"openwebmath_score": 0.9431381821632385,
"ta... |
physical-chemistry, gas-laws, equation-of-state, astrochemistry
$$\left(\text{pressure}\right)\cdot \left(\text{volume}\right)=\left(\text{number of moles}\right)\left(R\right)\left(\text{temperature}\right)$$
In physics we learned that pressure is the force per unit area. On earth the atmospheric pressure is earths g... | {
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"tags": "physical-chemistry, gas-laws, equation-of-state, astrochemistry",
"url": null
... |
electromagnetism, particle-physics
Title: Why does light hitting a charged particle cause it to oscillate? I am trying to study the classical Physics interpretation of light hitting a charged particle.
Why does light hitting a charge particle, such as an electron, cause it to oscillate?
Is it because the light hitting... | {
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"tags": "electromagnetism, particle-physics",
"url": null
} |
Part b
The intersection of this plane with the $xy$ plane contains $v_1$ and does not contain $v_2$; the intersection must be a line. Since $v_1$ lies on this line it also provides a basis for it.
I understand how both parts were solved, but my question is about part b. Is there a more systematic way to find a soluti... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9525741254760638,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8326233531987175,
"lm_q2_score": 0.874077230244524,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 277.75235215625924,
"openwebmath_score": 0.767153263092041,
"tags... |
general-relativity, gravity, spacetime, orbital-motion, curvature
In general relativity there is only the curvature “component”. There is no additional “??? Force” that acts only on massive objects.
Of course, besides the curvature there are also things like fictitious forces. Those are artifacts of the coordinate sys... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "general-relativity, gravity, spacetime, orbital-motion, curvature",
"url": null
... |
homework-and-exercises, newtonian-gravity, energy-conservation, angular-momentum, orbital-motion
Title: Why doesn't this equation for orbital motion change with position in the orbit? The question and answer are on pg.8-10 of this PDF:
At first, I went through it, thinking nothing of it. But then, I wondered: "What if... | {
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"id": 7847,
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"tags": "homework-and-exercises, newtonian-gravity, energy-conservation, angular-momentum, o... |
c#, classes
/// <summary>
/// Marks the queue as processed.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="id">The id.</param>
public void MarkQueueAsProcessed(int id)
{
#endregion Queue
#region Utility Bill Customer
/// <summary>
/// Gets the utility bill customer.
/// </summary>
/// <pa... | {
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"id": 1120,
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"tags": "c#, classes",
"url": null
} |
javascript
I would:
Add a comment before the MagicSquare constructor to explain its usage, for example: /* Create a magic square of size 'order' using the numbers 'startCountFrom' to 'startCountFrom + order^2 - 1' */
Call generate in the constructor. This way users of MagicSquare don't need to know about this method,... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "javascript",
"url": null
} |
organic-chemistry, reaction-mechanism
Scheme 3: Mechanism of hydrolysis as confirmed by Polanyi and Szabo using $\ce{^18O}$ marked water.[2]
References:
[1]: L. Gerstmann, M. Kalesse, Chem. Eur. J. 2016, 22, 11210–11212. DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602682.
[2]: M. Polanyi, A. L. Szabo, Trans. Faraday Soc. 1934, 30, 508–12. ... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "organic-chemistry, reaction-mechanism",
"url": null
} |
qiskit, programming, grovers-algorithm, oracles
Once we build a XAG representation of a given function, tweedledum has a few options to how synthesize a reversible (quantum) circuit for it. This figures show a bird's eye view of two ways it can be done: | {
"domain": "quantumcomputing.stackexchange",
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"tags": "qiskit, programming, grovers-algorithm, oracles",
"url": null
} |
classification, dataset, sampling, class-imbalance
If the number of positive examples is 1,000 and the number of negative examples is 10,000, should I go for training my classifier on the full dataset or I should subsample the negative examples?
The same question for 1,000 positive example and 100,000 negative.
The sa... | {
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"id": 837,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "classification, dataset, sampling, class-imbalance",
"url": null
} |
bash, linux, networking
exit Nitpicks
Why do you keep calling sleep? As far as I can tell, it only pauses execution and isn't needed here. It's rather annoying to have to wait when the code executes.
You should also add some blanks lines into this code, as well as some comments. By adding blank lines and comments you ... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "bash, linux, networking",
"url": null
} |
python, python-3.x, telegram
updater = Updater(
token=TOKEN, use_context=True)
dispatcher = updater.dispatcher
updater.dispatcher.add_handler(CommandHandler('start', start))
updater.dispatcher.add_handler(CallbackQueryHandler(button))
updater.dispatcher.add_handler(MessageHandler(
Filt... | {
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"id": 41130,
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"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "python, python-3.x, telegram",
"url": null
} |
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