text stringlengths 1 1.11k | source dict |
|---|---|
galaxy, photometry
The same aperture 30 arcsec east or west of the nucleus was 1.5 magnitude fainter.
Kent 1983 images the central bulge in the $r$ band and finds a surface brightness of 14 mag/arcsec$^2$ at the nucleus and 16 mag/arcsec$^2$ 10 arcsec away along the major axis of the galaxy image.
Walterbos and Kennic... | {
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"tags": "galaxy, photometry",
"url": null
} |
programming, qutip
where the exponential on the RHS is the Kraus operator acting on the meter intial state, using which one can estimate the small parameter $g$.
My attempt at solving:
(step 1) I prepare the initial state say psi1 and evolved the state according the Hamiltonian using mesolve for a short time t = np.li... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "programming, qutip",
"url": null
} |
optics, laser, geometric-optics
Title: Beam splitters- Direction of use - again Can anyone help me understand the effective performance characteristics when sending a beam in to non-entrance faces of a cube beam slitter? (specifically visible non-polarizing ones if it matters)
Answers to a previous question on the top... | {
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"tags": "optics, laser, geometric-optics",
"url": null
} |
Do u mean it will be |3+2i - ( 7+5i)|?? but that gives the answer 5 while it is 2 in the book
LCKurtz
Homework Helper
Gold Member
Do u mean it will be |3+2i - ( 7+5i)|?? but that gives the answer 5 while it is 2 in the book
No. |z - (3+2i)| is the distance from x + yi to 3 + 2i. If that is equal to 2 it says the poin... | {
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"t... |
Notice that each component of $\vec{a}$ and $\vec{b}$ almost looks like a derivative. In fact, if we placed a $\Delta s$ or $\Delta t$ in the denominator, we’d have a difference quotient. So, we’ll multiply $\vec{a}$ by $\Delta s/\Delta s$ and multiply $\vec{b}$ by $\Delta t/\Delta t$, giving
$\vec{a}=\frac{\partial x... | {
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8311430520409023,
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"tags": ... |
java, object-oriented, simulation
I was kind of forced to put a property of Server into Event so that events could print the profile easily, but I was also forced to put a property of Event into Server, as I find that it would save me a lot of work to communicate to the WaitEvent in Server of what time to switch to wh... | {
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"tags": "java, object-oriented, simulation",
"url": null
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c++, breadth-first-search, clustering, union-find
using std::cout; using std::endl;
using std::string; using std::ifstream;
using std::vector; using std::sort;
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
cout << "Reading list of edges from input file ...\n" << endl;
// read gra... | {
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"tags": "c++, breadth-first-search, clustering, union-find",
"url": null
} |
quantum-algorithms, speedup, complexity-theory
Title: Is there any general statement about what kinds of problems can be solved more efficiently using a quantum computer? Is there a general statement about what kinds of problems can be solved more efficiently using quantum computers (quantum gate model only)? Do the p... | {
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"tags": "quantum-algorithms, speedup, complexity-theory",
"url": null
} |
quantum-mechanics, wavefunction, fermions, bosons, identical-particles
Aren't the fermions in here, just behaving as identical bosons would do in the same potential ? Is my intuition correct, or does the fermions not fill up their respective ground states in this manner. If they were identical, this would not have bee... | {
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"tags": "quantum-mechanics, wavefunction, fermions, bosons, identical-particles",
"url": ... |
c#
Title: Multiple return statements smells like what? Here's some code of mine that I don't like (this was my very first attempt at DI/IoC!). It's a small C# application that runs scheduled on one of our servers and is responsible for fetching the latest version of a VB6 codebase, compiling it and packaging an instal... | {
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"tags": "c#",
"url": null
} |
complexity-theory, complexity-classes, space-complexity, randomness, interactive-proof-systems
Title: Randomized Version of NP I came across interactive proofs and randomized computation, in particular, i read about the complexity classes $\text{IP}, \text{BPP}, \text{RP}$, etc.
Since the above classes are well-known,... | {
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quantum-mechanics, quantum-information, quantum-spin, eigenvalue, rabi-model
Nota: this is similar to the Coriolis-like terms that occur when going to a rotating frame, the origins of which are also in the time derivative of the rotation matrix linking the space-fixed and the body-fixed frames. | {
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"tags": "quantum-mechanics, quantum-information, quantum-spin, eigenvalue, rabi-model",
"... |
matlab, discrete-signals, filter-design, infinite-impulse-response, biquad
Title: BPF design as cascaded second order biquads I am trying to design a bandpass filter in MATLAB with following specs:
$$\texttt{f_s = 20000Hz}$$
$$\texttt{3dB freq = [392 464]Hz}$$
$$\texttt{filter order = 8}$$
When I tried to implement th... | {
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"tags": "matlab, discrete-signals, filter-design, infinite-impulse-response, biquad",
"url": ... |
quantum-mechanics, mass, bohmian-mechanics
As such, the waves they describe obviously don't have a mass, unless you bought the destructive interpretational blather about the particle being the same as its probability wave. They just dictate how a particle moves as they pilot it.
They are also dispersive, i.e., they h... | {
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"url": null
} |
c#, wpf, rubberduck, xaml
private readonly ICommand _navigateCommand;
public ICommand NavigateCommand { get { return _navigateCommand; } }
private readonly ICommand _addTestModuleCommand;
public ICommand AddTestModuleCommand { get { return _addTestModuleCommand; } }
private readonly ICommand _addStdM... | {
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"tags": "c#, wpf, rubberduck, xaml",
"url": null
} |
digital-communications, signal-power
Title: help with bandwidth diagrams for digital transmission I am taking a undergrad network course that uses Data Communications and Networking 5th edition containing diagrams and legends which I cannot decipher.
Specifically the diagram on the right, has y-axis P for power, then ... | {
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"tags": "digital-communications, signal-power",
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} |
game, design-patterns, objective-c
//NSString* const kEnemyMovementStateAtFloorExit = @"enemyMovementStateAtFloorExit"; //tower handles
NSString* const kEnemyMovementStateToAttackWalls = @"enemyMovementStateToAttackWalls";
//NSString* const kEnemyMovementStateAtAttackWalls = @"enemyMovementStateAtAttackWalls"; //floor... | {
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The only logical error I could find is related to the definition of $\delta$. If you want to use strict inequalities, you should have $\delta<\min\left\{\frac{1}{14},\frac{\varepsilon}{98}\right\}$. Otherwise, at least one of the strict inequalities should be changed (depending on the value of $\varepsilon$).
Regardles... | {
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"ta... |
in order to receive the output voltage across the capacitor. Find the energy that the unit impulse instantaneously inserts into the inductor. 4 LTI System Response to Multifrequency Inputs 176. ) The input/output relationship can therefore be. Key Concept: The impulse response of a system is the derivative of the step ... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9802808753491772,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8014526275435109,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8175744806385542,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 997.9841681574762,
"openwebmath_score": 0.5418322086334229,
"tags": n... |
c++, c++11, vectors
We can't use T::operator= to populate uninitialized memory with an object - we need to construct in-place, or use one of the std::uninitialized_copy() family of functions.
We don't need moveFrom_() if we implement move construction and assignment using swap().
We can simplify copy-assign by impleme... | {
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"tags": "c++, c++11, vectors",
"url": null
} |
quantum-mechanics, homework-and-exercises, wavefunction, schroedinger-equation
Title: Derivation of Schrödinger equation - free particle
I learn quantum physics from Alonso-Finn's book (Amazon link), there's one step of Schrödinger equation for a free particle that I couldn't understand.
$$
\frac{\mathrm{d^{2}\Psi ... | {
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"tags": "quantum-mechanics, homework-and-exercises, wavefunction, schroedinger-equation",
... |
quantum-fourier-transform
The basis states of QFT-ish measurement span every qubit in the register. This means that whatever physical mechanism you are using must be merging together information as large as the register. But physics is local, and your measurement is not, implying you need to build up your big informat... | {
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"tags": "quantum-fourier-transform",
"url": null
} |
automata-theory, pl.programming-languages
Title: Where does a C-like language without heaps belong in the automata hierarchy? Assume that the language C', unlike C, has well-defined semantics, but has similar features: pointers and manual memory management through malloc and free. Assume that C'' is the same as C' wit... | {
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"url": null
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algorithm, game, prolog
self.variables.append(variable)
rows[r].append(variable)
for left,right in cols.keys():
if match.start() <= right and match.end() >= left:
key = (left, right)
break
else:
... | {
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"tags": "algorithm, game, prolog",
"url": null
} |
quantum-mechanics, quantum-entanglement, coherence
OP wrote:"Entanglement can be measured by finding the eigenvalues $p_i$ of the density matrix at some time $t$ and adding up the terms $p_i\times\log(p_i)$"
This is not quite right. For a pure state $\rho_{AB}=|\psi_{AB}⟩⟨\psi_{AB}|$ the eigenvalues of the reduced de... | {
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"tags": "quantum-mechanics, quantum-entanglement, coherence",
"url": null
} |
observational-astronomy, venus, the-moon
If you google "Venus occultation" you should get something like what you want. ETA: Here's one link: http://www.lunar-occultations.com/iota/planets/planets.htm | {
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"tags": "observational-astronomy, venus, the-moon",
"url": null
} |
quantum-field-theory, lagrangian-formalism, hamiltonian-formalism, path-integral, coherent-states
Firstly, rewrite the Grassmann-even complex field$$c~=~\frac{\phi+i\pi}{\sqrt{2}}$$
into its real and imaginary parts.
Secondly, change the term
$$c^{\ast}\frac{dc}{dt_E}
\quad\longrightarrow\quad
c^{\ast}\frac{dc}{dt_E}... | {
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c#, .net, reflection
However, in my case, Invoice has a hundred properties and the target string only contains one or two properties. I rewrite GetNewValue() in the way I think it should work more efficiently. Here is my code
private string GetNewValue(string str, Invoice invoice)
{
List<string> expressions = new ... | {
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I am going through the problems in the Stanford NLP deep learning class's written assignment problems http://cs224d.stanford.edu/assignment1/assignment1_soln
I am trying to understand the answer for 3a where they are looking for the derivative to the vector for the center word.
Assume you are given a predicted word v... | {
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"tag... |
artificial-intelligence
Fahlman, S. E. (2012). Beyone Idiot-Savant AI. Advances in Cognitive Systems 1, 15-21.
Langley, P. (2012). Intelligent behavior in humans and machines. Advances in Cognitive Systems 2, 3-12.
Taatgen, N. A. (1999). Learning without limits. From Problem Solving towards a Unified Theory of Learnin... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "artificial-intelligence",
"url": null
} |
thermodynamics, everyday-life, microwaves, food
Particle (Photon) Model:
In the photon (particle) model, the quantum energy of microwave photons is in the range 0.00001 to 0.001 eV which is in the range of energies separating the quantum states of molecular rotation and torsion. So in this model you can view the trans... | {
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"tags": "thermodynamics, everyday-life, microwaves, food",
"url": null
} |
cosmology, space-expansion, dark-matter, dark-energy
Analogy
You request an analogy. I can give you the following:
Throw a rock into the air. Your push is inflation. The distance from Earth to the rock is the size of the Universe. The gravitational force between Earth and the rock is the mutual attraction between vari... | {
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There's no standard notation for this. I think the most common way is to do exactly what you did: write it out omitting an index $$k$$ — this way it's perfectly clear what you mean. The second most common option that I've seen in many publications is to use a hat to denote a dropped component, but still the author woul... | {
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"openwebmath_score": 0.9648499488830566,
"ta... |
c#, algorithm, computational-geometry, unity3d
In addition, omitting braces althought they might be optional can lead to hidden and therefor hard to find bugs.
If AreLinesIntersecting() is behaving as it should, it could be greatly enhanced by
returning early for denominator ==0f, well at the second glance that only... | {
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"tags": "c#, algorithm, computational-geometry, unity3d",
"url": null
} |
json, go, mongodb
Result in postman: Since the types seem to be identical except for the JSON tags, you could use either models.UserModel or models.UserModelOmitempty for most of code, until the point where serialization comes into play, which will be when you call responses.Response(...) and then convert to the corre... | {
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"tags": "json, go, mongodb",
"url": null
} |
particle-physics, group-theory, representation-theory
I can show that the second excited states which is given by, $$ \alpha_{-1}^i \alpha_{-1}^j |0\rangle \bigoplus \alpha_{-2}^i |0\rangle $$ where $i,j$ runs from $\{2,D-1\}$ and treating them symmetric, the no. of excited states would be $\dfrac{(D+1)(D-2)}{2}$ whi... | {
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"tags": "particle-physics, group-theory, representation-theory",
"url": null
} |
### Show Tags
24 Sep 2018, 10:25
00:00
Difficulty:
65% (hard)
Question Stats:
58% (03:51) correct 42% (04:22) wrong based on 19 sessions
### HideShow timer Statistics
Within a rectangular courtyard of length 60 feet, a graveled path, 3 feet wide, is laid down along all the four sides. The cost of graveling the p... | {
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"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 1,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.851952809486198,
"lm_q2_score": 0.851952809486198,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 3981.3950371136293,
"openwebmath_score": 0.7202662229537964,
"tags": null,
"url": "htt... |
c++, object-oriented, wrapper, winapi
/* it's pretty important to remove the subclass properly */
RemoveWindowSubclass (this->window, XoursWindow::OpaquePtr::messageForwardingProc, this->objectId);
} break;
default: {
return ownerInstancePtr->eventHandler (this->window, msg, wP... | {
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"id": 16396,
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"lm_name": null,
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"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c++, object-oriented, wrapper, winapi",
"url": null
} |
Since the winning score is always larger than the losing score, all of the data is closer to the horizontal axis than to the vertical axis. The games where the scores were closest are found roughly equidistant from each axis. We can see that there were a number of close games, but more frequently the scores were not th... | {
"domain": "milefoot.com",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES\n\n",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9822877023336244,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8289477890119082,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8438951104066293,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 980.0034328285368,
"openwebmath_score": 0.4754517376422882,
"tags... |
c#, beginner, multithreading
private int Compare(KeyValuePair<long, byte[]> a, KeyValuePair<long, byte[]> b)
{
return a.Key.CompareTo(b.Key);
}
public string ByteArrayToString(byte[] array)
{
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
int i;
... | {
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"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c#, beginner, multithreading",
"url": null
} |
ros, arduino, pid, ros-kinetic, rosserial
When I follow the traditional tuning method of increasing P until wild oscillation and then increasing D for dampening, what happens is that increasing D actually worsens the oscillations.
Here are some plots to show this. A rosbag in which I try to tune the left PID can also ... | {
"domain": "robotics.stackexchange",
"id": 34904,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "ros, arduino, pid, ros-kinetic, rosserial",
"url": null
} |
## Encyclopedia > Identity matrix
Article Content
# Identity matrix
In linear algebra, the identity matrix is a matrix which is the identity element under matrix multiplication. That is, multiplication of any matrix by the identity matrix (where defined) has no effect. The ith column of an identity matrix is the uni... | {
"domain": "net.au",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9850429107723175,
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8333246015211008,
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"openwebmath_score": 0.8723860383033752,
"tags": null,
... |
ros-kinetic, pointcloud
pointcloud_out.point_step = pointcloud_in->point_step;
pointcloud_out.row_step = pointcloud_out.width*pointcloud_out.point_step;
pointcloud_out.is_bigendian = pointcloud_in->is_bigendian;
pointcloud_out.is_dense = pointcloud_in->is_dense;
sensor_msgs::PointCloud2ConstIterator<fl... | {
"domain": "robotics.stackexchange",
"id": 38761,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "ros-kinetic, pointcloud",
"url": null
} |
image-processing, filter-design
Normally I would suggest a low-frequency filter to get rid of the high-frequency "noise", but in this case I don't think that would be wise. For any given image the next image is very likely to be highly correlated, so I think it makes sense to adjust somewhat if an image has a large c... | {
"domain": "dsp.stackexchange",
"id": 243,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "image-processing, filter-design",
"url": null
} |
time-limit-exceeded, r
Title: Processing data for five weather stations Problem
The main idea is to build some fine scale weather data using inverse distance weighting (idw) from the 5 closest stations of the observed station. If the value in the newdat data set is greater than 134, less than -80, equal to -9999, or ... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 17235,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "time-limit-exceeded, r",
"url": null
} |
exactly r […]. In this section, we discuss one of the most fundamental concepts in probability theory. 42417, then Odds (1/Probability) will be 2. The probability of A plus the probability of not A is equal to one. 685574) minus the cumulative probability for 19 numbers (0. Annie and Alvie have agreed to meet between 5... | {
"domain": "insitut-fuer-handwerksmanagement.de",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES\n\n",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.987568350610359,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8272069636258135,
"lm_q2_score": 0.837619961306541,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 296.08226581763097,
"openwebmath_score": 0.753... |
Show Tags
28 Sep 2015, 19:24
is it E? QP cannot be found?
Manager
Status: One Last Shot !!!
Joined: 04 May 2014
Posts: 237
Location: India
Concentration: Marketing, Social Entrepreneurship
GMAT 1: 630 Q44 V32
GMAT 2: 680 Q47 V35
Re: What is the perimeter of ∆PQS ? [#permalink]
Show Tags
29 Sep 2015, 22:59
This ques... | {
"domain": "gmatclub.com",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. Yes\n2. Yes",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9046505351008904,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8121005170773569,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8976952818435994,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 3424.1023145262848,
"openwebmath_score": 0.69121915102005,
"tags": nu... |
ds.data-structures, tree
Title: Does the order of insertion affect the topology of an R-Tree Say I have 2 permutations of the the same set of elements.
I create 2 R-Trees, one for each permutation.
Do I end up with 2 structurally identical R-Trees or not?
PS: My elements are rectangles on a plane.
Edit:
Reformulation ... | {
"domain": "cstheory.stackexchange",
"id": 1720,
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"lm_name": null,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "ds.data-structures, tree",
"url": null
} |
sql, sql-server, t-sql
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Create Customer_Purchases table
IF NOT EXISTS(
SELECT
*
FROM
INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
WHERE
OBJECT_ID(N'[SQLAssessment].[dbo].[Customer_Purchases]') IS NOT NULL
) BEGI... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 40319,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "sql, sql-server, t-sql",
"url": null
} |
ros, rosbridge, robotwebtools, web
Title: Robot Web Tools – data not loading
I've been trying to see any of the robot web tools demos – I can manipulate the area (seeing the coordinate frame rotate when I click and drag) but no models nor maps show up. I don't receive any error messages in console.
Has anyone experie... | {
"domain": "robotics.stackexchange",
"id": 16646,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "ros, rosbridge, robotwebtools, web",
"url": null
} |
two functions - aboutness and qualitative experience - that cannot in principle be reduced to the operations of a Turing machine. Examples of Turing complete languages. The Turing machine's state is initialized to q 0. You can teach yourself Turing with this guide. (as Turing machines are countable). For example, the m... | {
"domain": "lotoblu.it",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. Yes\n2. Yes",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9643214552744682,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8014890674019536,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8311430415844385,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 786.5102890888312,
"openwebmath_score": 0.5172455310821533,
"tags": nul... |
ros
Title: export ROS_PACKAGE_PATH Does not seem to work. Even after setting the working directory, package not found
When I tried to find the rospack, get the following error.
[rospack] Error: stack/package set_Goals not found
I have pasted the ~/.bashrc file below.
source /opt/ros/hydro/setup.bash
source /opt/ros/h... | {
"domain": "robotics.stackexchange",
"id": 16818,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "ros",
"url": null
} |
c#, json, http, networking, web-services
[DataContract]
public class genre
{
[DataMember]
public int count;
[DataMember]
public string name;
}
[DataContract]
public class release
{
[DataMember]
publ... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 40606,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c#, json, http, networking, web-services",
"url": null
} |
quantum-field-theory, visible-light, energy-conservation
Title: Can light absorb energy? Everybody knows that all physics systems absorb light quanta, any material thing can absorb light quanta. But the reverse question is , can light absorb energy and therefore changes its frequency? If not, please give me some funda... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 24688,
"lm_label": null,
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "quantum-field-theory, visible-light, energy-conservation",
"url": null
} |
# Thread: Transformations- graphing a logarithm
1. ## Transformations- graphing a logarithm
Hey everyone,
So I am doing a lesson on transformations... And the 'textbook' I am using, or lack thereof, that comes with my math correspondence unit is a little short on examples, so I am having trouble with this problem.
... | {
"domain": "mathhelpforum.com",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES\n\n",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.951142225532629,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8140361646510922,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8558511469672594,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 517.0974262696983,
"openwebmath_score": 0.48929840326309204,
... |
ros2
Original comments
Comment by ahtsan on 2019-08-08:
How about discovering new topics that are created during run time?
Comment by tfoote on 2019-08-08:
Sure. You can get the list of topics and their types that have been discovered at any time from the API.
See http://docs.ros2.org/latest/api/rclcpp/index.html (sea... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "ros2",
"url": null
} |
optics, visible-light
Title: Can CMY be additive and RGB be subtractive? Related: Why is there a difference between additive and subtractive trichromatic color theories?
RGB is additive color and CMY(K) is subtractive.
If you built an electronic screen with CMY subpixels, you'd be able to mix colors additively. Cyan +... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 50010,
"lm_label": null,
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"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "optics, visible-light",
"url": null
} |
nanopore, ngs, minion, genome-sequencing, base-calling
Title: What are the pros and cons of the different basecallers in Oxford Nanopore Technology Sequencing? What are the pros and cons of the different basecallers in Oxford Nanopore Technology Sequencing?
I am about to start a MinION run on my laptop. What should I ... | {
"domain": "bioinformatics.stackexchange",
"id": 820,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "nanopore, ngs, minion, genome-sequencing, base-calling",
"url": null
} |
newtonian-mechanics, projectile, drag
Title: Air Resistance in Taylor Classical Mechanics In Taylor's Classical Mechanics, he offers up a quick little example to get the reader acquainted with different scenarios in which air resistance approximated as a linear and/or quadratic function is important. | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 66648,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "newtonian-mechanics, projectile, drag",
"url": null
} |
general-relativity, spacetime, curvature, mass-energy, geodesics
If "mechanism" means "accurate description in terms of something more fundamental," then classical general relativity doesn't provide that. In classical GR, the equation that connects spacetime curvature to mass-energy is the most fundamental thing, as e... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 58659,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "general-relativity, spacetime, curvature, mass-energy, geodesics",
"url": null
} |
quantum-state, unitarity, textbook-and-exercises
Title: Bipartite states whose coefficients are entries of a unitary matrix I've been trying to solve this question | {
"domain": "quantumcomputing.stackexchange",
"id": 1623,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "quantum-state, unitarity, textbook-and-exercises",
"url": null
} |
newtonian-mechanics, reference-frames, inertial-frames, projectile, relative-motion
It will have no horizontal acceleration once released since there is no horizontal force acting on it (again, neglecting air friction). So when you release it it will have your horizontal velocity at the time of release and initially n... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 57629,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "newtonian-mechanics, reference-frames, inertial-frames, projectile, relative-motio... |
quantum-field-theory, statistical-mechanics, renormalization, classical-electrodynamics, classical-field-theory
Title: Renormalization of mass of an electron inside the crystal In Cheng and Li's book, Gauge theory of Elementary Particle Physics, he essentially says that renormalization has nothing to do with infinitie... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 36514,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "quantum-field-theory, statistical-mechanics, renormalization, classical-electrodyn... |
The C declarations for adjacency list representation and function dfnlow():
#define MIN2 (x,y) ((x) < (y) ? (x) : (y))
#define MAX_VERTICES 100
typedef struct node *node_pointer;
typedef struct node {
int vertex;
struct node *link;
};
node_pointer graph[MAX_VERTICES];
int dfn[MAX_VERTICES], low[MAX_VERTICES];
int nu... | {
"domain": "eecsmt.com",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9808759649262344,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8486775034663451,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8652240791017536,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 1704.955713403054,
"openwebmath_score": 0.6259288191795349,
"tags": nul... |
experimental-physics, atoms, atomic-physics, brownian-motion
These sub-theories might spur more thoughts of individual experiments that prove individual sub-atomic theories (my guess is more was able to be proven after more experiments followed). I would say that one experiment that demonstrates the atomic nature of t... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
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"tags": "experimental-physics, atoms, atomic-physics, brownian-motion",
"url": null
} |
reference-frames, wavefunction, quantum-spin, dirac-equation, spinors
$$N_i =\left\{\begin{array}{l}1/\sqrt{V},\quad i=r\\\sqrt{\frac{mc^2}{EV}},\quad i=l\end{array}\right.$$
and which I calculated using $\int\mathop{d^3x}\Psi_i^\dagger\Psi_i=1$.
Now, I would like to calculate the spin expectation values $\left<\sigma... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "reference-frames, wavefunction, quantum-spin, dirac-equation, spinors",
"url": n... |
mobile-robot, control, matlab, simulation
Title: How do I call Matlab code into Simulink for doing a simulation for doing plots? I have built a simulink model for performing cartesian regulation on a unicycle:
and plot the results with a Matlab code
but, I am not very confident with Simulink and so I don't know how t... | {
"domain": "robotics.stackexchange",
"id": 2515,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "mobile-robot, control, matlab, simulation",
"url": null
} |
c#, design-patterns, asp.net, vb.net
''# If we've made it this far, it means that the user either entered
''# an Invalid Region (yes, we already know the region is invalid) or
''# used www. or nothing as a subdomain. Up until this point, we
''# haven't cared if the user is authenticated or not, nor have w... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 603,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c#, design-patterns, asp.net, vb.net",
"url": null
} |
c++, recursion, c++20
// recursive_count implementation
template<class T1, class T2> requires (!is_elements_iterable<T1> && is_iterable<T1>)
auto recursive_count(const T1& input, const T2 target)
{
return std::count(input.begin(), input.end(), target);
} | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 39902,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c++, recursion, c++20",
"url": null
} |
reinforcement-learning, pytorch, implementation, sutton-barto, reinforce
Title: Should the policy parameters be updated at each time step or at the end of the episode in REINFORCE? REINFORCE is a Monte Carlo policy gradient algorithm, which updates weights (parameters) of policy network by generating episodes. Here's ... | {
"domain": "ai.stackexchange",
"id": 1471,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "reinforcement-learning, pytorch, implementation, sutton-barto, reinforce",
"url": null... |
c++, calculator
else if (function == "sinh")
argument = sinh(argument);
else if (function == "cosh")
argument = cosh(argument);
else if (function == "tanh")
argument = tanh(argument);
else if (function == "coth")
argument = 1 / tanh(argument);
else if (function == "sech"... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 37688,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c++, calculator",
"url": null
} |
goldberg_radzik (G, source[, weight]) Compute shortest path lengths and predecessors on shortest paths in weighted graphs. Increasingly, there is interest in using asymmetric structure of data derived from Markov chains and directed graphs, but few metrics are specifically adapted to this task. We may also want to asso... | {
"domain": "chicweek.it",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES\n\n",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.987758723627135,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8528226068102591,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8633916222765627,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 383.31142122654893,
"openwebmath_score": 0.5556688904762268,
"tags"... |
# A function that maps inequalities to $-1$, $0$, or $1$.
The Python computer language has a built-in operation cmp(a,b) that returns $-1$, $0$ or $1$, if $a<b$, $a=b$ or $a>b$, respectively. I'd like to know if there is a mathematical operation or property that supports this Python operation.
-
Sure, define a functi... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9748211597623863,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8014873660066589,
"lm_q2_score": 0.822189134878876,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 807.2475881928269,
"openwebmath_score": 0.7980431914329529,
"tags... |
ros, node
for (i = adj[j].begin(); i != adj[j].end(); ++i)
^
In file included from /usr/include/boost/config/no_tr1/complex.hpp:21:0,
from /usr/include/boost/math/policies/error_handling.hpp:15,
from /usr/include/boost/math/special_functio... | {
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"tags": "ros, node",
"url": null
} |
solubility, ionic-compounds, conductivity
What kind of chemical bond would you expect in the
given compound? Try to describe this type of bond in detail.
Everything screams "ionic" (high melting point, solid at room temperature, crystalline structure, non-conducting in solid form) besides the fact that it doesn't c... | {
"domain": "chemistry.stackexchange",
"id": 2847,
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"tags": "solubility, ionic-compounds, conductivity",
"url": null
} |
to be taken directly to the Mathway site for a paid upgrade. Because every time we consider a "plus" or a "minus" case when taking the bars off an absolute value, we're making an assumption about what we're doing; in particular, we're making an implicit assumption about the portion(s) of the number line for which the a... | {
"domain": "webmediaart.com",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. Yes\n2. Yes\n\n",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9504109798251321,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8188153737821404,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8615382094310355,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 408.10128956106996,
"openwebmath_score": 0.7582396864891052,
"... |
game-ai, minimax, alpha-beta-pruning
Timing minimax algorithm: 0.083288 seconds
Number of nodes that compose the tree: 6078
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 00
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 01
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 02
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 03
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... | {
"domain": "ai.stackexchange",
"id": 1593,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "game-ai, minimax, alpha-beta-pruning",
"url": null
} |
ros, gazebo, simulation, pr2-controllers
Actually, I also tried PLUGINLIB_REGISTER_CLASS(MyCartControllerClass,
my_controller_ns::MyCartControllerClass,
pr2_controller_interface::Controller), but it didn't work.
controller_plugins.xml:
<library path="lib/libmy_controllers">
<class name="my_controller_cart_pkg/MyCart... | {
"domain": "robotics.stackexchange",
"id": 11989,
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "ros, gazebo, simulation, pr2-controllers",
"url": null
} |
c#, beginner, parsing
case "DocRefClient": pdbdoc.DocRefClient = LotusUtils.LotusUtils.LotusItemToString(item.Values); break;
case "DocRevDt": pdbdoc.DocRevDt = LotusUtils.LotusUtils.LotusItemToString(item.Values); break;
case "DocRevNo": pdbdoc.DocRevNo = LotusU... | {
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"id": 27881,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c#, beginner, parsing",
"url": null
} |
general-relativity, cosmology, universe, dark-energy
If $k=\pm 1$, the scale factor is the radius of curvature of the spatial slices. Commonly it's called $R$ instead of $a$ in that case. If $k=1$ then $R$ is the size of the universe (or its reduced circumference). If $k=-1$, it at least sets a characteristic scale, t... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "general-relativity, cosmology, universe, dark-energy",
"url": null
} |
python, unit-testing, django
You have a tricky problem, where the "best" solution is not necessarily intuitive, and how you measure "best" can vary wildly
Overall, the code is pretty good, so I can't just write a more nit-picky answer and ignore the larger question of "is this structured the right way" | {
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"tags": "python, unit-testing, django",
"url": null
} |
quantum-gravity
Expanding out the Lagrangian in the de Donder and Lorenz gauges, i.e.
$$\partial_\mu h^{\mu \nu} =\frac{1}{2} \partial^{\nu} h$$
$$ \partial_\mu A^\mu = 0 \, ,$$
I get this:
$$\mathcal{L} = -\frac{1}{4} (F_{\mu \nu})^2 - \frac{\kappa}{2} h^{\mu \nu} \left( -F_{\alpha \mu} F^{\alpha}_{\nu} + \frac{1}{4}... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "quantum-gravity",
"url": null
} |
c++, clion, image-transport
This does not happen when the debugger is not used (i.e. running it from CLion with the 'play' button), and neither happens when debugging the binary with gdb in the command line, in which cases the node seems to run correctly.
I suspect it may be due to the Import Error that is shown befor... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c++, clion, image-transport",
"url": null
} |
catkin-make, catkin, ros-kinetic, actionlib
Title: catkin_make unable to find actionlib in its original install location
It seems as though it is looking for actionlib in one of our catkin workspaces. It was installed to /opt/ros/kinetic/share/actionlib.
Is there a way to correct how catkin finds it? Is there another... | {
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"id": 36553,
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"tags": "catkin-make, catkin, ros-kinetic, actionlib",
"url": null
} |
classical-mechanics, material-science
The corresponding axial strain in this differential element is $\epsilon=\frac{ds-dx}{dx}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{dw(x)}{dx}\right)^2$. Multiply this strain by the constant residual stress to obtain the work done per unit volume and then integrate over the beam volume to obtain
$$U... | {
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"id": 47644,
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"tags": "classical-mechanics, material-science",
"url": null
} |
What you will have noticed, of course, is that while the problem in the second example appears to be much different than the problem in the first example, and while the easy approach to problem one does not appear to apply to problem two, the "approximation'' approach works in both, and moreover the {\it calculations a... | {
"domain": "libretexts.org",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9891815519849905,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8087295870261323,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8175744739711883,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 121.15550637291591,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9232532978057861,
"tags"... |
php, optimization, design-patterns
Template Class (instantiates the page class)
template.object.php
class Template{
private $appath;
private $page;
protected $settings;
private $issettings; | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 4265,
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"url": null
} |
about the graph, space, and change originally the idealization of how varying. Not function at all on the relation never has a unique y value Contents Index Top of page by. Has been already published books ; test Prep ; Bootcamps ; Class ; Earn Money ; Log ;. The red line to show the points of intersection with all cur... | {
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"id": null,
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"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9683812327313545,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8111354585410767,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8376199694135332,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 511.1752047267459,
"openwebmath_score": 0.2904495894908905,
"tags": null,
... |
python, beginner, tic-tac-toe
Title: Text-based Tic Tac Toe in Python (First Project) I've recently started learning Python again after a long time away from it and doing MATLAB at university. Today, I spent some time working on a first little project of mine. Right now it works as it should minus ending the game when... | {
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"id": 40970,
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"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "python, beginner, tic-tac-toe",
"url": null
} |
python, statistics
Title: Computing confidence interval for average from individual predictions In the attached image, I am plotting actual vs predicted along with confidence intervals for each of the predicted points. The black star represents the average of all the predicted points. What formula can I use to combine... | {
"domain": "datascience.stackexchange",
"id": 1671,
"lm_label": null,
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"tags": "python, statistics",
"url": null
} |
The advantage of going for absolute convergence is that we do not have to deal with the negative terms; this allows us to use other tests.
Applied to our example, if the series $\sum\limits_{{n=1}}^{\infty }{{{{{\left( {\frac{1}{3}} \right)}}^{{n-1}}}}}$ converges, then our series $\sum\limits_{{n=1}}^{\infty }{{{{{\l... | {
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"id": null,
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9910145723089617,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.814801400905734,
"lm_q2_score": 0.822189121808099,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 310.44031062552403,
"openwebmath_score": 0.884639322757721,
"ta... |
javascript, array, html, dynamic-programming
The below code is an example, and its a bit quick and dirty to illustrate the point. Ideally I suspect I'd want to be encapsulating the whole thing in a class, passing it a DOM element to act as the container for all generated code. Rather than using globals for users, ru... | {
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"id": 43433,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "javascript, array, html, dynamic-programming",
"url": null
} |
equation, ∂2u ∂t2 = c2 ∂2u ∂x2. It is derived using the scalar field's conservation law , together with Gauss's theorem , and taking the infinitesimal limit. Physics Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for active researchers, academics and students of physics. Consider heat conduction in Ω with fixed boundary t... | {
"domain": "fraggo.it",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9845754492759498,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8204709378220344,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8333245953120233,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 727.0711570699918,
"openwebmath_score": 0.7068103551864624,
"tags": null... |
quantum-mechanics, quantum-hall-effect
$$
Where $J_z = -i \partial_\phi$ is the angular momentum, $\omega_c$ is the cyclotron frequency and I set $\hbar =m =1$.
Let us now start in the lowest Landau level, i.e., $\psi_0=|n=0,m\rangle$. Notice that $J_z \psi_0 = m \psi_0$ and that $J_z$ commutes with the Hamiltonian $H... | {
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"id": 93110,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "quantum-mechanics, quantum-hall-effect",
"url": null
} |
java, console
//CONSTRUCTORS
//crtical methods
//getters and setters
//method overrides (e.g., `toString()`, `actionPerformed()`, ...)
//STATIC METHODS
//INNER CLASSES
}
That's just my particular style, but even if you don't like mine, there should be a consistent structure you use throughout y... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "java, console",
"url": null
} |
See Wikipedia's article on the mediant, which explains when your solution is the best.
-
Just so you know, I fixed the broken link in your answer. – Mike Spivey Dec 17 '10 at 16:03
@Mike: thanks . – lhf Dec 17 '10 at 17:03
This is also the method used by Chuquet (in the Middle ages) to approximate $k$th roots of rat... | {
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"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9755769078156284,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8423049153775621,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8633916082162402,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 245.1936163283011,
"openwebmath_score": 0.8918044567108154,
"tag... |
java, android, cryptography, aes
//TODO describe your default implementation or use better member names (mine are a bit too plain - this would make this javadoc obsolete)
private SecretKey getDefaultSecretKey(final String password, final byte[] salt){
return getSecretKey(password, salt, FACTORY_ALGORITHM, KEY_ALGO... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "java, android, cryptography, aes",
"url": null
} |
species-identification, marine-biology, ichthyology
Title: Can anyone tell me what type of fish this is? Notice the reflective patterns on its underside. I think it must be a deep water fish. It was found washed up on the ocean sand in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina (USA) after a hurricane. Not an expert, but an onlin... | {
"domain": "biology.stackexchange",
"id": 9247,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "species-identification, marine-biology, ichthyology",
"url": null
} |
mapping, octomap, 3d-navigation
Title: [Octomap] Not updating the map in real time?
Hi
I am currently using 2d Navigation stack (and Slam, gmapping) with Groovy on Ros, my OS is Ubuntu 12.04
For 3D visualization, I used Octomap for 3D map (JUST FOR VISUALIZATION PURPOSE), and then use 2d Navigation stack for collisio... | {
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"id": 14877,
"lm_label": null,
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"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "mapping, octomap, 3d-navigation",
"url": null
} |
Using Pythagorean identities, we have:
$$\displaystyle 2\sin^2(B)\sin^2(C)=\sin(B)\sin(C)(1+2\cos(B)\cos(C))$$
Assuming the triangle is not degenerate, i.e., $$\displaystyle \sin(B)\sin(C)\ne0$$ we have:
$$\displaystyle 2\sin(B)\sin(C)=1+2\cos(B)\cos(C)$$
$$\displaystyle -\frac{1}{2}=\cos(B)\cos(C)-\sin(B)\sin(C)=\... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9875683498785867,
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8499711775577736,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 2732.3335478698664,
"openwebmath_score": 0.7162274718284607,
"t... |
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