text stringlengths 1 1.11k | source dict |
|---|---|
quantum-state, mathematics, density-matrix
For self-adjoint $A$, the image of $A$ is the same as the support of $A$. To see this, pick any $u\in \ker(A)$ and $v\in V$. Then you have $$0 = \langle Au, v \rangle = \langle u, Av \rangle \implies Av \in \text{supp}(A)$$
In finite dimensional space, taking the orthogonal c... | {
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"tags": "quantum-state, mathematics, density-matrix",
"url": null
} |
python, beginner, strings, converting, console
Title: Command line tool for extracting, searching, and converting I just completed my first real application (command line app). It's simple, but I had no prior knowledge of Python. Everything was hit and miss, with many Python books and help from those in this community... | {
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"tags": "python, beginner, strings, converting, console",
"url": null
} |
c#, graph
yield return item;
}
}
}
The creation of a Graph is somehow complex, so I created a IGraphBuilder<T>.
public interface IGraphBuilder<T> where T : Edge
{
IEnumerable<Node> NodesInGraph { get; }
IGraph<T> Build();
}
public interface IWeightedGraphBuilder : IGraphBuilder<WeightedEdge>
{
... | {
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} |
Note that $\int_{\pi /4}^{3 \pi /4} |\sin x| \, dx >0$. Now consider the integrals over $(2k\pi +\pi /4, 2k \pi +3\pi /4) )$ and add up.
Observe that $|x+2k\pi | <2k \pi +3\pi /4$ on $(2k\pi +\pi /4, 2k \pi +3\pi /4) )$.
• Yes, unlike Riemann integrals, Lebesgue integrals have the property that $f$ is integrable iff $|... | {
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could make. The problem with this system is that it does not generate a value spread where each value probability is equal. Name_____ Name_____ Theoretical and Experimental Probability Investigating Probability Step 1: Roll two dice 50 times and fill in the table below. probability of sum of dice rolling n times. 99% w... | {
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"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8055327388547424,
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"openwebmath_score": 0.5968988537788391,
"tag... |
radius larger and larger, then the alpha shape (and likewise the calculated volume) should become closer and closer to the convex hull of your points. An upper hull is the part of the convex hull, which is visible from the above. You can find them here: Convex hull algorithms. "A convex hull algorithm and library for 2... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9879462222582661,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8054058559000264,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8152324871074607,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 702.2431703921578,
"openwebmath_score": 0.4055248498916626,
"tags": null,
... |
quantum-mechanics, hilbert-space, wavefunction, quantum-entanglement, quantum-interpretations
Of course stuff does interact so you can’t do this in practice.
The “wavefunction of the whole universe” is also (and maybe better) discussed in terms of density matrices, and pure and mixed states. I invite you to have a loo... | {
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"tags": "quantum-mechanics, hilbert-space, wavefunction, quantum-entanglement, quantum-inte... |
black-holes, astronomy, telescopes
The EHT basically aims to convert the entire planet into a large radio telescope antenna.
The wavelengths in radio have many advantages as radio waves pass through walls, they also traverse the galactic dust. We could never have seen the center of our galaxy at visible wavelengths, s... | {
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"tags": "black-holes, astronomy, telescopes",
"url": null
} |
quantum-mechanics, mass
Title: Are masses additive at the quantum level? When learning quantum mechanics, it seems like many of the assumptions that we have from the macroscopic scale do not necessary apply. Do we have proof that masses are additive at the quantum scale? That is to say is it possible that the mass of ... | {
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"tags": "quantum-mechanics, mass",
"url": null
} |
c, multithreading, pthreads
#endif // !defined(_ptevent_h)
ptevent.c
/*!
* @file ptevent.c
* @copyright < Pro Fusion , 2014 >
* @date 31.08.14
*
* Copyright 2014 Pro Fusion. All rights reserved.
*/
#include "ptevent.h" // ptevent_t
#include <pthread.h> // pthread_*
#i... | {
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"tags": "c, multithreading, pthreads",
"url": null
} |
ros, roomba
What ROS as an "operating system" does is to facilitate a framework where these nodes can all communicate with one another to perform complex tasks that requires simultaneous stimuli from different sensors and perform calculations.
The Roomba is a very simple robot compared to other systems you may see bei... | {
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"tags": "ros, roomba",
"url": null
} |
performance, c
Which you'll see produces identical assembly code to terse: https://godbolt.org/z/Gb97GWG4f
But all this is somewhat irrelevant to the more important Second point which is that you're programming in C, not Assembly. You should not primarily base your decisions on how to program by what the generated Ass... | {
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"tags": "performance, c",
"url": null
} |
In this answer, let me use the terms generator and extremal generator for the Wikipedia and Tohoku definitions respectively.
In general, these two definitions are not equivalent, and neither implies the other.
Example 1. For an example of an extremal generator which is not a generator, consider a non-trivial group se... | {
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8333245953120233,
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"openwebmath_score": 0.870477557182312,
"tags"... |
thermodynamics, fluid-dynamics, temperature, everyday-life
While it is not possible to give a definitive reason for why your particular intuition, because we are not you, one experiment that might be worth looking into is looking at how the smoke from incense moves. If the air in a room is still, incense smoke can tr... | {
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"tags": "thermodynamics, fluid-dynamics, temperature, everyday-life",
"url": null
} |
dimensional-analysis, gravitational-waves, binary-stars, post-newtonian
\begin{equation}
\frac{G M}{c^3}, \ \ \frac{1}{\omega}
\end{equation}
So dimensional analysis is only powerful enough to tell you that the answer must look like
\begin{equation}
P_{\rm GW} = \left(M c^2\right) \times \omega^d \times \left(\frac{c^... | {
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"url":... |
textbook-and-exercises, nielsen-and-chuang, bell-basis
\alpha_X^* \gamma_X + \beta_X^* \delta_X = 0 $$
for each $X$. I don't see how you can cancel the cross terms using this. In case you are interested in an alternative proof...
For a state $|\psi\rangle$ as given, the reduced density matrices of each of the three qu... | {
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"tags": "textbook-and-exercises, nielsen-and-chuang, bell-basis",
"url": null
} |
electrochemistry, electricity
I guess the question I'm asking in a more broad sense is: why are ions important in fuel cells (and more broadly, galvanic cells).
I'm only a high school student, so although I've searched quite a bit to try to find answers, I haven't been able to and hence why I'm asking here.
Thanks in ... | {
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"tags": "electrochemistry, electricity",
"url": null
} |
# Fourier Series Lecture Pdf | {
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"openwebmath_score": 0.8312659859657288,
"tags": nu... |
Task: find $$q(d)$$
Solution
0) Equivalent 2x2 matrix
This approach is a compact formulation of the results of my earlier studies documented before in this answer. It is valid for all dimensions $$d$$ and is based on the following theorem 1 which I provide here for the moment without proof.
Theorem 1
Consider the ... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9783846716491915,
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8221891327004133,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 186.48510935005777,
"openwebmath_score": 0.921990692615509,
"tag... |
ros
This arrangement has the advantage that input nodes, output nodes, and logic nodes are distinct and independent.
However, you might decide to collapse these into two or one node to be faster or more efficient. I don't know what software you are using on the Arduino side. I have used both rosserial_arduino and ros_... | {
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"tags": "ros",
"url": null
} |
electromagnetism, electric-circuits, voltage, electromagnetic-induction, inductance
Title: Formula for The Voltage of a Coil I've seen 2 different formulas being used for the voltage of a coil in a circuit. The first one is $$U_L=L\cdot\dot{I}$$ and the second one is $$U_L=-L\cdot\dot{I}$$ The first formula was used i... | {
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"tags": "electromagnetism, electric-circuits, voltage, electromagnetic-induction, inductanc... |
java
public static void main(String args[]){
new Painter();
}
}//end class Painter
Example2
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class Painter extends JPanel{
public Painter(){
JFrame frame = new JFrame();
frame.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
frame.setTitle("Paint drawing ... | {
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ros, ubuntu, ros-fuerte, ubuntu-precise, rosdoc
I adapted the source of rosdoc to cover the extra build number in the doxygen version.
I filed a bug in trac and also submitted the patch there (https://code.ros.org/trac/ros-pkg/ticket/5451).
Patch:
Index: doxygenator.py
--- doxygenator.py (revision 16732)
+++ doxy... | {
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"tags": "ros, ubuntu, ros-fuerte, ubuntu-precise, rosdoc",
"url": null
} |
mechanical-engineering, mechanisms
Title: Do crank-sliders require some minimum amount of momentum to work in linear-to-rotary convertions? I've been doing some reading into spinning wheels and old-fashioned sewing machines and so far as I can tell, they use a system similar to a piston in an engine. The main differen... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "mechanical-engineering, mechanisms",
"url": null
} |
equilibrium, concentration
Title: Equilibrium change in sealed container Question: | {
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"id": 9844,
"lm_label": null,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "equilibrium, concentration",
"url": null
} |
thermodynamics, energy, entropy, heat-engine
However, according to the laws of thermodynamics, the total amount of heat should always increase in a closed system. Therefore, regular airconditioning systems vent their waste heat to the outside, but this little mobile machine does not have any connection to the outside,... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "thermodynamics, energy, entropy, heat-engine",
"url": null
} |
quantum-mechanics, energy-conservation, perturbation-theory, fermis-golden-rule
Fermi golden rule is a useful tool for calculations and is easily derived using basic quantum mechanics, which gives impression of simplicity. There is however a lot what is hidden under the carpet in these derivations (see, e.g., this ans... | {
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... |
In another simple way
Given:
2 Intervals
Interval 1: (start1, end1)
Interval 2: (start2, end2)
Required:
Boolean condition to check if both intervals are intersected or not
Solution:
Following TWO conditions should be true to consider that 2 intervals are intersected:
1. end2 >= start1
2. start2 <= end1
// check 2 ... | {
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8596637469145054,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 1149.1845427185342,
"openwebmath_score": 0.6574029326438904,
"ta... |
object-oriented, objective-c, networking
*/
+ (void)baseNetWorkType:(NSString *)msg_type
version:(NSString *)version
dataDict:(NSDictionary *)dataDict
isEncrypt:(BOOL)encrypt
success:(SuccessBlock)success
failure:(FailureBlock)failure
{
A... | {
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"tags": "object-oriented, objective-c, networking",
"url": null
} |
quantum-mechanics, wavefunction, measurement-problem, wavefunction-collapse, decoherence
When you measure an observable on a system, you collapse the wave-function of the system into a Dirac delta function in the eigenbasis for that observable.
If you measure position, you get a delta function in position-space. If yo... | {
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strings, vba, formatting, vb6
End If
End Sub
Private Sub ProcessAsciiEscape(ByRef format_string As String, _
ByVal regexPattern As String)
Dim regex As RegExp, matches As MatchCollection, thisMatch As Match
Dim prefix As String, char As Long
If Not StringContains(format_s... | {
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"tags": "strings, vba, formatting, vb6",
"url": null
} |
python, performance, python-3.x, numpy
Since I'm distributing Z height randomly here, plots will look a little different each time. My output (run on a laptop) is as follows, and I can not even begin to understand why it takes longer (~ 16 seconds) when w_beam is small than when it is large (~6 seconds). (When I run t... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
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"tags": "python, performance, python-3.x, numpy",
"url": null
} |
special-relativity, relativity
Title: Twin paradox in ideal gas: does higher temperature imply slower decay In the twin paradox (which is actually not a paradox), one twin brother stays on earth (inertial reference frame), while the other travels to another planet and comes back. On his return the stay-at-home twin wi... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "special-relativity, relativity",
"url": null
} |
unsupervised-learning, autoencoder, gan
Title: What is the purpose of the discriminator in an adversarial autoencoder? This is specific to the generative adversarial network (GAN) proposed in A. Makhzani et al. "Adversarial Autoencoders". In a traditional GAN, the discriminator is trained to distinguish real samples i... | {
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"tags": "unsupervised-learning, autoencoder, gan",
"url": null
} |
In general let $d$ be the common difference of an arithmetic sequence, where $3\nmid d$, and let $a$, $a+d$, and $a+2d$ be three consecutive terms in that sequence. Now WLOG if we assume $3\nmid a$ then we can write $a$ and $d$ as: $$a=3k+1\quad\text{ or }\quad a'=3k+2\quad\text{ and }\quad d=3j+1\quad\text{ or }\quad ... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": 90.82299456413315,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9589896202087402,
"tag... |
It is a good exercise to prove that if $\sum_{k=0}^\infty |x_k| = c$ then $\sum_{k=0}^\infty x_{φ(k)}$ converges for any bijection $φ$ on $\mathbb{N}$. Especially for sequences of complex numbers.
The fundamental mistake you make is supposing that the sequence $(\sum_{n=1}^ka_{\phi(n)})_{k\in N}$ is a rearrangement of... | {
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8267117898012104,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 125.7430015054208,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9588875770568848,
"tag... |
With the aim of making this question/answers post self-contained, I've inserted the image from the linked puzzle, below, followed by the solution given in that link.
Four Men and a Hat
Shown above are four men buried up to their necks in the ground. They cannot move, so they can only look forward. Between A and B is ... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9553191271831559,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8248145242944477,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8633916152464017,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 541.4644721113484,
"openwebmath_score": 0.7188256978988647,
"tag... |
astronomy, time, orbital-motion
Using an ephemerides site like this one, one can check that the Earth was at perihelion on Jan 2 2013, at 4:37 UT, and will return to perihelion on Jan 4 2014, at 11:58 UT. The difference between these is called an anomalistic year. The same site shows that on Jan 2 2013, at 4:37 UT, th... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "astronomy, time, orbital-motion",
"url": null
} |
ros, pluginlib, roscpp, ros-indigo
Title: Nodelet namespace collision warning
Hi all,
I'm implementing a solution based on a collection of nodelets that run together. But for one of these nodelets, I'm getting the following warning every time I try to run it:
Initializing nodelet with 4 worker threads.
Warning: clas... | {
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"tags": "ros, pluginlib, roscpp, ros-indigo",
"url": null
} |
beginner, datetime, ios, swift
The fact of the matter is, well-written applications reuse code within themselves. And when possible, instead of writing your own code, you should pull in libraries that have already implemented the functionality you need instead of writing it all from scratch yourself.
Your buildTotalE... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "beginner, datetime, ios, swift",
"url": null
} |
complexity-theory, subset-sum
Title: Complexity of a variant of Subset Sum problem This is the variant of SSP: Given $n$ positive integer points $a_1, \ldots, a_n$ which are all at most $n$, does there exist a subset $\{a_i\}_{i \in P}$, such that its summation is exactly $n+1$?
My question is, for general $n$, is thi... | {
"domain": "cs.stackexchange",
"id": 18990,
"lm_label": null,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "complexity-theory, subset-sum",
"url": null
} |
definitions, markov-chain
Title: Can an Markov decision process be dependent on the past? As far as I know MDP are independent from the past. But the definition says that the same policy should always take the same action depending on the state.
What if I define my state as the current "main" state + previous decision... | {
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"id": 410,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "definitions, markov-chain",
"url": null
} |
javascript, css, html5, dom, audio
Title: HTML5 audio player with CSS-styled interface for pages with multiple MP3 sources This is one of my first JavaScript projects. It works (at least in Firefox and Chrome), but I would like to know if this code follows common best practices.
This script is supposed to look for <a... | {
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"tags": "javascript, css, html5, dom, audio",
"url": null
} |
quantum-mechanics
You can then use this expression along with the expression given for $\left|+n\right\rangle$ to find:
$$\left\langle+x\middle|+n\right\rangle=\left({1 \over \sqrt{2}}\left\langle+z\right|+{1 \over \sqrt{2}}\left\langle-z\right|\right)\left(\cos{\theta \over 2}\left|+z\right\rangle+e^{i\phi}\sin{\thet... | {
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"id": 18959,
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"url": null
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9. its sum. 9: Graph of sin x 2 and S 10 (x) Example 126 We now look at a 2ˇ-periodic function with discontinuities and The function is displayed in white, with the Fourier series approximation in red. © 2017 MathsIsFun. Fourier Series Methods Project 9. Loading Fourier Series Sum Fourier Series Grapher. a periodic fun... | {
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"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES\n\n",
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"openwebmath_score": 0.8730370998382568,
"ta... |
quantum-field-theory, quantum-electrodynamics, renormalization, correlation-functions, scattering-cross-section
Paradox: Applying the reasoning above, we should fix the QED loop-corrected vertex by experimental data regarding cross sections of a $e^-\rightarrow e^-\gamma$ interaction (in which all the particles are on... | {
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"tags": "quantum-field-theory, quantum-electrodynamics, renormalization, correlation-functi... |
java, functional-programming
Title: Passing a generic function as parameter Ran into this idea and I'm curious if it's possible.
I'm trying to make a single function that can test ALL of my sorting algorithms dynamically. I want to be able to pass the sorting function as a parameter and the algorithm will use the sort... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "java, functional-programming",
"url": null
} |
reinforcement-learning, q-learning, state-spaces
Title: Q-learning in gridworld with random board I'm trying to use Q-learning in order to solve Wumpus world environment.
Wumpus world is a toy problem on 4x4 gridworld. The agent starts in entry position of the cave, looks for gold (agent can sense that he is on the go... | {
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"tags": "reinforcement-learning, q-learning, state-spaces",
"url": null
} |
Marks: 1
In [ ]:
# YOUR CODE HERE
poly=[3,1,0,0]
above=0
below=-3
Test your code from above here(2 points), ID: difference_FindZero
In [ ]:
def OriginalFindZeroInInterval ( polynomial , range_lower , range_upper ):
''' perform an interval bisection on polynomial between the values
range_lower < range_upper
return x ... | {
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"id": null,
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9755769049752757,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8925562454264588,
"lm_q2_score": 0.9149009584734676,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 4157.842828911409,
"openwebmath_score": 0.4697786271572113,
"tags": nul... |
protostar
Title: Do protostars take longer to achieve H fusion due to gravitational sinking of heavy elements? After the death of the universe’s first generation of stars, the clouds from which new stars form will include elements heavier than hydrogen. In the formation of a protostar from such a cloud, do heavier el... | {
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"id": 6292,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "protostar",
"url": null
} |
history, si-units, metrology
Title: Why wasn't the meter defined using a round-number fraction (like 1/300 000 000) of the distance travelled by light in 1 second? We know that 1 meter is the distance travelled by light in vacuum within a time interval of 1/299,792,458 second. My question is why we didn't take a simpl... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 47589,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "history, si-units, metrology",
"url": null
} |
vba, excel
destWS.Range("B517") = srcWS.Cells(Row, 22) 'Financial Institution Address
destWS.Range("B518") = srcWS.Cells(Row, 23) 'Beneficiary Name
destWS.Range("B519") = srcWS.Cells(Row, 24) 'Beneficiary Account Number
destWS.Range("B520") = srcWS.Cells(Row, 25) 'Beneficiary Ph... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 37442,
"lm_label": null,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "vba, excel",
"url": null
} |
quantum-mechanics, quantum-information, quantum-optics, density-operator, second-quantization
\hat N = \sum_{n=0} n |n\rangle \langle n| = \sum_{n=0} a^{\dagger ~(n+1)}|0\rangle \langle 0| a^{n+1},
$$
etc...
I'm illustrating the idea here, and not fussing about normalizations and states. That will have to be done s... | {
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"id": 67829,
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"tags": "quantum-mechanics, quantum-information, quantum-optics, density-operator, second-q... |
The GL_MODELVIEW matrix, as its name implies, should contain modeling and viewing transformations, which transform object space coordinates into eye space coordinates. The calculation is based on the 2D linear coordinate transformation method detailed in chapter 18 of the fifth edition of Adjustment Computations - Spat... | {
"domain": "eyuc.pw",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES\n\n",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9857180685922241,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8546528264059812,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8670357718273068,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 549.3513566036629,
"openwebmath_score": 0.7963940501213074,
"tags": nu... |
homework-and-exercises, electric-current, electrical-resistance, classical-electrodynamics
$$\operatorname{d}\left(\frac{1}{R}\right) = \frac{g 2\pi r \operatorname{d}r}{2z}.$$ Because the cylindars are contained in a sphere, the half-height, $z$ is given by the equation: $$z = \sqrt{a^2 - r^2}.$$ So the total conduct... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 34300,
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"tags": "homework-and-exercises, electric-current, electrical-resistance, classical-electro... |
machine-learning, artificial-intelligence, search, planning
However, I would like to note that most "Planning" algorithms do use some kind of search procedure on the state space graph, significantly improving the search using planning-heuristics:
Consider the graph given on slide 4 (of the referenced link). The compl... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "machine-learning, artificial-intelligence, search, planning",
"url": null
} |
orbit, earth, mars, planetary-transits
Title: Why do transits of Earth across the Sun seen from Mars follow a pattern of occurring after 26, 79 then 100 years? According to this answer transits of Earth across the disk of the Sun as seen from Mars:
The (Arthur C.) Clarke story is quite correct. Earth (and Moon) would... | {
"domain": "astronomy.stackexchange",
"id": 3890,
"lm_label": null,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "orbit, earth, mars, planetary-transits",
"url": null
} |
___________________________________
As a result of the peculiar fact that $C_p(L_\tau) \cong C_p(L_\tau) \times C_p(L_\tau)$, it can be concluded that $C_p(L_\tau)$, though normal, is not hereditarily normal. This follows from an application of Katetov’s theorem. The theorem states that if $Y_1 \times Y_2$ is heredita... | {
"domain": "wordpress.com",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9899864317403413,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.807069107616509,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8152324938410784,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 87.30319509008908,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9752418994903564,
"tags": n... |
java, performance, time-limit-exceeded, memory-optimization
double m = deltaY / deltaX; //slope
double b = me.y - (double)(m*me.x); //y intercept
if((double) p.y == ((double)(m * p.x) + b)) { //if this point is on the same line
if( ((p.x <= hit.x && p.x >= me.x) ... | {
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"tags": "java, performance, time-limit-exceeded, memory-optimization",
"url": null
} |
java, queue
private boolean equalTo(ImmutableQueue another) {
return queueSize == another.queueSize
&& compare.equals(another.compare)
&& taskQueue.equals(another.taskQueue)
&& taskExec.equals(another.taskExec);
}
/**
* Computes hash code from attributes: {@code queueSize}, {@code c... | {
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"tags": "java, queue",
"url": null
} |
homework-and-exercises, electrostatics, charge, potential, potential-energy
If I had started with the $+Q$ charge all alone then the potential at a distance $r$ is $+\dfrac{kQ}{r}$ and the electric field at this position is $+\dfrac{kQ}{r^2}$.
Now when one starts to move the $-2Q$ charge towards the $+Q$ charge the po... | {
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"id": 28574,
"lm_label": null,
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"tags": "homework-and-exercises, electrostatics, charge, potential, potential-energy",
"u... |
prolog
map_reduce(Map, Reduce, Acc, List, Result) :-
map_reduce_(List, Map, Reduce, Acc, Result).
:- meta_predicate(map_reduce_(*, 2, 3, *, *)).
map_reduce_([], _, _, Result, Result).
map_reduce_([Arg| Args], Map, Reduce, Acc, Result) :-
call(Map, Arg, Arg2),
call(Reduce, Acc, Arg2, Acc2),
map_reduce_... | {
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"tags": "prolog",
"url": null
} |
black-holes, spacetime, quantum-gravity, gravitational-waves, black-hole-thermodynamics
Einstein had been fascinated by this electromagnetic field and how it
worked... soon came to understand that gravity, like electricity must
be conveyed by a field as well... the gravitational field is not
diffused through spa... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 28142,
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"tags": "black-holes, spacetime, quantum-gravity, gravitational-waves, black-hole-thermodyn... |
of using the polar form. In the last tutorial about Phasors, we saw that a complex number is represented by a real part and an imaginary part that takes the generalised form of: 1. To use these tools, you have to enter the numbers in standard form and select the operation to be performed. Multiplication and division in... | {
"domain": "cimice.cz",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.947381048137938,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.805246577880872,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8499711699569787,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 1188.9888814618516,
"openwebmath_score": 0.8129895925521851,
"tags": null,... |
pr.probability, it.information-theory
Title: Can the mutual information of a "cell" be negative? Please forgive me if this is not the right Stack Exchange (I also posted it at Cross Validated). Please also forgive me for inventing terms.
For discrete random variables X and Y, the mutual information of X and Y can be ... | {
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"tags": "pr.probability, it.information-theory",
"url": null
} |
# how to cancel arbitrary term in fractional formula
I often encounter this kind of problem that I want the fractional formula to be looked like the way I want it to be. For example, this one
$$\frac{R^2 \left(g m_1-g m_2\right)}{J+m_1 R^2+m_2 R^2}$$
I want it to be like this
$$\frac{g \left(m_1-m_2\right)}{\frac{J... | {
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"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9353465170505205,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.829843726644518,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8872045937171068,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 1504.9811413222917,
"openwebmath_score": 0.6239136457443237,
"tag... |
mechanical-engineering, sensors
In the end, inertial navigation fundamentally relies on integration to find position, so has a ever-increasing error envelope with time. This is one reason the astronauts on the way to the moon and back had to do regular position fixes from star sightings and the like. The inertial na... | {
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"tags": "mechanical-engineering, sensors",
"url": null
} |
ros, ros-fuerte, gazebo-worlds
setting /run_id to 48b61258-d682-11e1-8c5b-0025648c1ab0
Exception AttributeError: AttributeError("'_DummyThread' object has no attribute '_Thread__block'",) in <module 'threading' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/threading.pyc'> ignored
process[rosout-1]: started with pid [5305]
started core ser... | {
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"id": 10354,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "ros, ros-fuerte, gazebo-worlds",
"url": null
} |
gravity, quantum-gravity, noethers-theorem
Some of these paradigms do NOT assume a priori that gravity is the curvature of space-time and hence "not a force". And as you can see attempts have been made to make the other fields part of space-time curvature and hence "not and force". So in some sense it isn't fair to ... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "gravity, quantum-gravity, noethers-theorem",
"url": null
} |
beginner, rust, caesar-cipher
assert_eq!(format!("{}", letter1 + letter2), "s");
assert_eq!(format!("{}", letter1 - letter2), "y");
assert!(letter2 > letter1);
assert!(letter2 != letter1);
}
#[test]
fn test_alphabetic_display() {
let alpha = Alphabetic::try_from_str("hello")... | {
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"tags": "beginner, rust, caesar-cipher",
"url": null
} |
paging
$p_2=log_2(4K)=12$
Page Size=$8KW=2^{13}words \rightarrow d(page\,offset\,bits)=13$
Physical Address space=$64MW=2^{26}$
$f+d=26$
so $f=13$
That means maximum frames must be $2^{13}=8K$, but question mentions it's 16.
Have I done anything wrong or the question is poorly framed? your approach is right however so... | {
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"tags": "paging",
"url": null
} |
catkin, jenkins
Title: Forcing use of catkin in jenkins builds
Hi,
I have a package in which the CMakeLists.txt has to work without catkin as well (to build with cmake only). My current solution is to disable all catkin-specific commands (eg. catkin_package()) by taking them out with if statements, eg. if(COMPILE_WIT... | {
"domain": "robotics.stackexchange",
"id": 24776,
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"tags": "catkin, jenkins",
"url": null
} |
-
Its the solution space of the matrix equation $AX=0$ . It includes the trivial solution vector $0$. If $A$ is row equivalent to the identity matrix, then the zero vector is the only element of the solution space. If it is not i.e. when the column space of $A$ is of a dimension less than the number of columns of A th... | {
"domain": "stackexchange.com",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9465966747198241,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8273985995977806,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8740772302445241,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 206.69121500188368,
"openwebmath_score": 0.8344663977622986,
"ta... |
[x,n,ties] = parse_input(varargin{:});
x = prescale(x,n);
a = abs(x) + 0.5;
r = floor(a);
switch ties
case 'even'
m = (r == a) & (mod(r,2) == 1);
case 'odd'
m = (r == a) & (mod(r,2) == 0);
case 'down'
m = (r == a);
case 'up'
m = [];
case 'plus'
m = (x < 0) & (r == a);
case 'minus'
m = (x > 0) & (r == a);
otherwise
err... | {
"domain": "mathworks.com",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9711290955604489,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8348444805187988,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8596637505099167,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 5622.0860128923505,
"openwebmath_score": 0.27150222659111023,
"tags"... |
# Finding the trace of $T^4$ and $T^2$?
Q. Let $V$ denote the (complex) vector space of complex polynomials of degree at most $9$ and consider the linear operator $T:V \to V$ defined by $$T(a_0+a_1 x+a_2 x^2+\cdots+a_9 x^9)=a_0 +(a_2 x +a_1 x^2)+(a_4 x^3+ a_5 x^4 + a_3 x^5)+(a_7 x^6 + a_8 x^7 + a_9 x^8 + a_6 x^9).$$
... | {
"domain": "stackexchange.com",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9766692352660529,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8159910632594086,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8354835330070839,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 212.2468728612507,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9219073057174683,
"tag... |
cr.crypto-security, proofs, zero-knowledge
My Question: Why are the $t_i$ sign bits necessary? In parentheses, HAC notes that they are there as a technical requirement required to prove that no secret information is leaked. The wikipedia page for Feige-Fiat-Shamir (which gets the protocol wrong) implies that without... | {
"domain": "cstheory.stackexchange",
"id": 1074,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "cr.crypto-security, proofs, zero-knowledge",
"url": null
} |
javascript, css, api, event-handling, dom
</p>
</div>
<div class="carousel-content-item">
<p class="font-weight-light h3 text-muted font-italic">Lorem ipsum dolor, sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Quibusdam distinctio omnis odio dicta ad maiores accusantium voluptatibus cum nemo expedita?</... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 40624,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "javascript, css, api, event-handling, dom",
"url": null
} |
classical-mechanics, lagrangian-formalism, momentum, conservation-laws, differentiation
Title: Sufficient condition for conservation of conjugate momentum Is the following statement true?
If $\frac{\partial \dot{q}}{\partial q}=0$, then the conjugate momentum $p_q$ is conserved.
We know that conjugate momentum of $q$ ... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 98888,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "classical-mechanics, lagrangian-formalism, momentum, conservation-laws, differenti... |
Various special methods for comparison operators can now call up _illegal to issue the error message:
def __gt__(self, other): self._illegal('>')
def __ge__(self, other): self._illegal('>=')
def __lt__(self, other): self._illegal('<')
def __le__(self, other): self._illegal('<=')
Mixing complex and real numbe... | {
"domain": "github.io",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9702399060540358,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8106194705361546,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8354835391516133,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 2048.2745695884923,
"openwebmath_score": 0.20702165365219116,
"tags": nu... |
The number of passwords with at least one digit plus the number of passwords with no digit equals the total number of passwords.
Hint: But however, it is not given that the password should contain atleast one uppercase letter.
Thus, each of the six spaces can be occupied by $36$ characters, giving us the number of wa... | {
"domain": "stackexchange.com",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9886682453000386,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8012947672765498,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8104789155369048,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 106.96939293182832,
"openwebmath_score": 0.7342727184295654,
"ta... |
thermodynamics, free-energy
Then the result is:
$$G(p_2)-G(p_1)=n\mathcal{R}T\ln\left(\frac{p_2}{p_1}\right)$$
Or...
$$\Delta G=n\mathcal{R}T\ln\left(\frac{p_2}{p_1}\right)$$
This result is correct but I don't understand the left hand side. I've been told that the reason it's possible to write "$G(p_2)-G(p_1)$" or "$\... | {
"domain": "chemistry.stackexchange",
"id": 2388,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "thermodynamics, free-energy",
"url": null
} |
c++, strings, c++11, unicode
String& String::TrimLeft()
{
auto it = _vctr.Begin();
UInt size;
while(it < _vctr.End() && *it == 32)
++it;
if(it != _vctr.Begin())
{
size = _vctr.End() - it;
Memory::Move(it, _vctr.DrivePointer(size), size *... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 11283,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c++, strings, c++11, unicode",
"url": null
} |
electromagnetism, quantum-spin, quantum-states
The dipole dies off at about a $\frac{1}{|r|^3}$ rate, whereas coulomb dies off like $\frac{1}{r}$, but the coefficients matter to know where the regime transition occurs. As I claimed, the dipole interaction only matters at a very small range, less than 1% of the Hydroge... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 44739,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "electromagnetism, quantum-spin, quantum-states",
"url": null
} |
color, smell
Title: Books showing colorful images of elementary particles....is this true? Do electrons or protons or any other elementary particle have colors of their own or do they have smell? You can understand why they don't by understanding how smell and vision work
The mechanism by which we (or other animals) s... | {
"domain": "chemistry.stackexchange",
"id": 4897,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "color, smell",
"url": null
} |
A is at c 75 mm, B 1. Quarter Circle: Definition. It helps to consider the removed corner as a quarter circle subtracted from an r x r square (see figure below). determine the moment 59. The moment of inertia of a point mass is. Hemmingsen assumed (based on copyright claims). ⇒ The ratio of the moment of inertia of a c... | {
"domain": "accademiakravmagaitalia.it",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9828232935032462,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8334024631854222,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8479677564567913,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 611.8841540734246,
"openwebmath_score": 0.642078340053558... |
java, algorithm, graph, genetic-algorithm, traveling-salesman
parentFilter.add(parent);
distribution.removeElement(parent);
parents[index++] = parent;
}
}
return parents;
}
private static List<Tour>
computeInitia... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 43153,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "java, algorithm, graph, genetic-algorithm, traveling-salesman",
"url": null
} |
ros, homebrew, mavericks, osx
Reproduce this error by running:
==> cd /Users/tiberio/ros_catkin_ws/build_isolated/bondcpp && /Users/tiberio/ros_catkin_ws/install_isolated/env.sh make -j8 -l8
Command failed, exiting.
However the solution doesn't work. Am I doing it right?
I did:
brew update
rosdep update
rosdep insta... | {
"domain": "robotics.stackexchange",
"id": 19620,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "ros, homebrew, mavericks, osx",
"url": null
} |
is the sum, over all $x,y$, of the expectations of these <code>$F_{x,y}$</code>, and these expectations are just the probabilities that a random permutation fixes $x$ and $y$. For each of the $n$ pairs where $x=y$, that probability is $1/n$, so all these together contribute 1 to the sum. For each of the remaining <code... | {
"domain": "mathoverflow.net",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9835969645988576,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8041637665595678,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8175744695262775,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 290.56797703404123,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9750310182571411,
"tag... |
javascript, regex, palindrome, ecmascript-6
Regex - I'm using /\.|\,| |\!|\?|\'|\"|\/|\\|\-|\_|\+|\‘|\’/g to replace non word characters versus this /[^a-z0–9]/ig which is kind of obvious. But would still like your input.
String testing - The implementation provided in the article goes though the string in a while loo... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 40665,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "javascript, regex, palindrome, ecmascript-6",
"url": null
} |
• @Nebr Just looking at your addendum where at the end you say that you can't tell whether it should be $\frac{1}{3}$ or $\frac{1}{2}$ ... I would say that your * original description* where you assume that you don't know anything about Mr. Smith other than that he has two children (right before he makes the announceme... | {
"domain": "stackexchange.com",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9783846691281407,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8373516394498828,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8558511451289037,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 838.9512699130639,
"openwebmath_score": 0.8090196251869202,
"tag... |
php, mvc, url-routing
As I mentioned before, you don't really want to access the $_GET super global (or other super globals) directly. It is better to use a separate class to get that information out. It all boils down to separation of concerns. As a simple example of where this can break down, how would your current ... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 30506,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "php, mvc, url-routing",
"url": null
} |
python, beginner, object-oriented, playing-cards
Title: Texas Hold'em classes I am working on a simple Texas Hold'Em dealing simulator. I am new to Python and was hoping to get some advice on my use of classes here. I feel like I am not using them as efficiently as possible, especially when dealing out the player card... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 19495,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "python, beginner, object-oriented, playing-cards",
"url": null
} |
quantum-mechanics, operators, time, second-quantization
There's one more confusing point: in free relativistic quantum field theory, the creation and annihilation operators in momentum space just evolve via phases. It's conventional to pull out these phases in the definition of the quantum field,
$$\phi(x) = \int \fra... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 50099,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "quantum-mechanics, operators, time, second-quantization",
"url": null
} |
A. None
B. 1
C. 2
D. 8
E. 9
The question seems convoluted but it's not. You have to take the first step in the right direction. The only definitive thing given here is that we get a number with (n+1) digits, all the digits being (n+1). What will such a number look like?
22
333
4444
55555 etc
We obtain this number by... | {
"domain": "gmatclub.com",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. Yes\n2. Yes",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9196425267730008,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8038385971417774,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8740772351648677,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 1703.3075328679993,
"openwebmath_score": 0.6720051765441895,
"tags": ... |
point as a local maximum, local minimum, or saddle point, and state the value of \(f$$ at the critical point. At the remaining critical point (0, 0) the second derivative test is insufficient, and one must use higher order tests or other tools to determine the behavior of the function at this point. Be sure to check th... | {
"domain": "albertocoralloboutique.it",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES\n\n",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9871787872422175,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8183108116685095,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8289388125473628,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 636.6303380044121,
"openwebmath_score": 0.567912578582... |
value for y displayed. Please help. In Java you can find maximum or minimum value in a numeric array by looping through the array. find the absolute maximum and absolute minimum values of the fuction f(x)=2x-13ln(3x) on interval [1,8] 2. Extreme Values of Functions Definitions An extreme value of a function is the larg... | {
"domain": "umood.it",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES\n\n",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.982287697148445,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8030933560168718,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8175744828610095,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 356.6393909116782,
"openwebmath_score": 0.6372225284576416,
"tags": nu... |
algorithms, trees
Recall that in each phase, we choose the centroid $r$ as the root and consider only the paths passing the root. Let $B_a=\{b\in T:(a,b)\text{ pass }r\}$. Using the indicator function above, we have $\sum_{b\in B_a}\text{calc}(a,b)=\sum_{b\in B_a}\sum_v I_{ab}(v)=\sum_v\sum_{b\in B_a} I_{ab}(v)$. Ther... | {
"domain": "cs.stackexchange",
"id": 8335,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "algorithms, trees",
"url": null
} |
machine-learning, natural-language-processing, pattern-recognition, natural-language-understanding, hidden-markov-model
This self-transition models the number of observations in the second state (the duration $d_2$) with an exponential distribution of average $$\overline{d_2} = \frac{1}{1-a_{22}},$$ where $a_{22}$ is ... | {
"domain": "ai.stackexchange",
"id": 3503,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "machine-learning, natural-language-processing, pattern-recognition, natural-language-und... |
python, beginner, python-3.x, programming-challenge
if __name__ == '__main__':
print(sum(list(find_palindromes(1000000)))) Code review
The sequence of
if condition:
return True
return False
is a long way to say
return condition
Consider instead
def is_palindrome(n):
return to_str == to_s... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 35304,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "python, beginner, python-3.x, programming-challenge",
"url": null
} |
python, unit-testing, django
urls.py
from .views import HomeView, ArticleDetailView, CreatePostView, UpdatePostView, DeletePostView, StatisticcsView, CreatePostCategoryView, CategoryView, LikeView, CreateCommentView
urlpatterns = [
path('', HomeView.as_view(), name="home"),
path('article/<int... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 39312,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "python, unit-testing, django",
"url": null
} |
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