id stringlengths 30 30 | corpus stringclasses 3 values | sentence stringlengths 10 1.38k | token stringlengths 1 16 ⌀ | complexity float64 0 0.86 | difficulty stringclasses 5 values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3ABAOCJ4R84YSDO6ZYVU8BIYA3YMQ5 | biomed | We first tested DNA CpG methylation [25] at major satellite repeats and found no significant difference between control and p150CAF-1-depleted cells (Figure 6). | Figure | 0.236111 | easy |
31GECDVA9JM3TSKUX9AFDA4LK2766I | biomed | Activating E2fs may also promote apoptosis in the Rb KO retina (Figure 1B). | Figure | 0.283333 | easy |
3GKAWYFRAPTAO7HEMSH2PG5UWTKPDZ | biomed | To confirm that the arrest of plaques without any sign of clearance was not unique to the line 107 mice, we repeated the dox-suppression experiment in a second line of tet-off APP mice (CaMKIIα-tTA × tet-APPswe/ind line 18; n = 22). | sign | 0.025 | very easy |
3L21G7IH47WA5QT3XMTQ15XXB2E1YB | biomed | However, the control mice used in this study were heterozygous for a null allele of Bmpr1a, and they showed little sign of osteoarthritis even late in life. | sign | 0.211538 | easy |
3L21G7IH47WA5QT3XMTQ15XXB1F1YA | biomed | Heterozygous animals showed intermediate amounts of all three forms. | amounts | 0.025 | very easy |
3TL87MO8CMPHV6GCL6JLWZZV3WZLF8 | biomed | A typical western diet contains relatively equal amounts of cholesterol and non-cholesterol sterols, mainly plant sterols, of which about 55% of the dietary cholesterol is absorbed and retained compared to ~1% of the dietary non-cholesterol sterols [1-3]. | amounts | 0.183333 | very easy |
37YYO3NWHDQHPQ2WHR0LLAO5CBMCC3 | biomed | If small amounts of PGC-1α activity are present in the mice reported here, it could explain some of the observed differences between the models. | amounts | 0.191176 | very easy |
3E22YV8GG16JAJ8RBMV5LLHOAXMNPF | biomed | In the embryo, alterations in the determination or migration of melanoblasts from the neural crest affect the number or distribution of pigment cells in the skin (reviewed in Reedy et al. 1998). | skin | 0.025 | very easy |
3YKP7CX6G2FS34FUCAWFU4Q9TFV7BY | biomed | In addition, the protein is overexpressed in human cancers of many tissues, such as lung, liver, brain, breast, kidney and skin (40). | skin | 0.05 | very easy |
3GS542CVJVNUS7MEQX3M5EHNE8Z95B | biomed | By positional cloning and gene targeting, we identify an allele of droopy ear, deH, as a loss of function for Tbx15, which encodes a T-box transcription factor expressed in a dynamic and spatially restricted manner in the developing skin and musculoskeletal system. | skin | 0.25 | easy |
3OCZWXS7ZO7PT9NNFU6CAN8IE3E5L4 | biomed | Patients with TTD additionally display hallmark sulphur-deficient brittle hair and nails and scaling skin [13], resulting from a basal transcription defect in specific cell types [16,17]. | skin | 0.291667 | easy |
3FVBZG9CLJEOC6IWR3L210JKGDX0H8 | biomed | Activity levels appeared to follow a relatively normal diurnal cycle, decreasing substantially during the daylight hours. | daylight | 0.025 | very easy |
386659BNTLHD8VXIPEIH9D3DZO610F | biomed | Are some olfactory receptor mRNAs more stable than others, leading to higher transcript levels per expressing cell? | others | 0.025 | very easy |
338GLSUI43B4ZJB25FGM8LDQVQ7FSG | biomed | We, as well as others, have proposed Abcg5/sterolin-1 and Abcg8/sterolin-2 to function as obligate heterodimers. | others | 0.223684 | easy |
3G4VVJO6PZGI2DNOE93PTT0KG3AKP2 | biomed | Therefore, we, and others, set out to discover huntingtin's essential activities by studying the effects of huntingtin deficiency in the mouse. | others | 0.225 | easy |
3P7QK0GJ3TLHZ1L4CCVNKVG492VZ2G | biomed | However, more detailed quantification by others [3] reported that at P4 about 77% of vestibular neurons and only 29% of spiral neurons are lost. | others | 0.328125 | easy |
32PT7WK7DMF3HICROUKVCD2TRXND36 | biomed | Susceptibility to most complex diseases is controlled by many genes, each having a small effect on the disease. | diseases | 0.025 | very easy |
3QD8LUVX4XYKT34CTD90LH35LBV5XV | biomed | Additional studies with this system should greatly enhance our knowledge of the development, function, and disease mechanisms of joints, and may bring us closer to better prevention and treatment of joint diseases. | diseases | 0.125 | very easy |
3FSEU3P2NR0P1UGYHLGBZ0MDCCZRRZ | biomed | In addition, mutations of human CRX have been demonstrated to be associated with three types of photoreceptor diseases: autosomal dominant cone-rod dystrophy 2, autosomal dominant-type retinitis pigmentosa, and Leber's congenital amaurosis (LCA) [11-14]. | diseases | 0.15625 | very easy |
34KYK9TV2R8EM2ZM0DUQPVM5GSASB6 | biomed | Hence, RanBP2 and its partners emerge as key players and target genes in mediating neuropathophysiological mechanisms implicated in various genetic and environmental lesions to the CNS, as in patients with Parkinson, diabetes with insulin-resistance, and other neuropathies and neurodegenerative diseases, often linked to aging manifestations. | diseases | 0.197368 | very easy |
3B9XR6P1WEVLNZGWDJLCXUVIK92BJE | biomed | Lastly, we propose that the PGC-1α−/− mice should serve as a useful murine model to investigate the role of altered energy metabolism in obesity, diabetes, hepatic steatosis, and diseases of the heart, skeletal muscle, and central nervous system. | diseases | 0.288462 | easy |
3QD8LUVX4XYKT34CTD90LH35LBQ5XQ | biomed | Although missense mutation of ITPR1 had previously been ruled out [2] and the mode of inheritance was inconsistent with that seen in the Itpr1Δ18 and Itpr1opt mice, the phenotypic presence of ataxia in the mice led us to reexamine this candidate gene as a possible cause of SCA15. | cause | 0.171875 | very easy |
3S4TINXCC0NZOA7TTWDH5QC4J37BOS | biomed | Human germline mutations in APC cause FAP [4,5], which is characterized by hundreds of adenomatous colorectal polyps, with an almost inevitable progression to colorectal cancer in the third and fourth decades of life. | cause | 0.178571 | very easy |
3O0M2G5VC62CWOIECSKC0MB9EC4491 | biomed | Null mutations in Bmpr1a cause early embryonic lethality, with defects in gastrulation similar to those seen in mice with mutations in Bmp4 (Mishina et al. 1995; Winnier et al. 1995). | cause | 0.25 | easy |
3DW3BNF1GHIBCWIJRWFL9GGB7QJV8F | biomed | The underlying cause of the preimplantation lethality in Capn2-/- embryos has not yet been clarified. | cause | 0.289474 | easy |
371QPA24C2OEO4U9NG6RTO5IW0VT1D | biomed | One explanation of why the Dhcr24-/- mice are developmentally normal but Dhcr7-/- mice are affected may be because desmosterol can functionally substitute for cholesterol, whereas the other cholesterol precursors can not. | explanation | 0.027778 | very easy |
3D1UCPY6GG9R0NG07M9FQLOSG6W831 | biomed | At present, there is no obvious explanation for this result. | explanation | 0.096154 | very easy |
3TZ0XG8CBUKDFP5GOVAPHYREGY098D | biomed | Another possible explanation is that any differences in NBEC from BC individuals compared to non-BC individuals resulted from development of BC, instead of being a hereditary cause of increased risk for cancer. | explanation | 0.220588 | easy |
3OID399FXG7YXUSK8PLXDMRQUOQFDH | biomed | Quantities of stria vascularis isolated from these different mice were similar, since no significant differences were found in the numbers of 18S rRNA molecules (log(rRNA) = 9.46 ± 0.08, n = 17, pooled data). | numbers | 0.027778 | very easy |
3S8A4GJRD33O8IZVYHINP2KK1VYV6Y | biomed | Such large numbers of nonsynonymous substitutions between orthologues is suggestive of adaptive selection. | numbers | 0.202381 | easy |
33CLA8O0MIBSY4BPQQGHIB8U9OJFRN | biomed | In conclusion, the mammalian Pygo2 gene is required for normal branching morphogenesis of the ureteric bud, with mutants showing dilated tips and reduced numbers of tips. | numbers | 0.211538 | easy |
36FFXPMST9O9FNAFTONDR1F2EGHOHQ | biomed | The long term retention of afferents in the cochlear apex in the absence of any apparent differentiation of hair cells raises hopes for cochlear implants in deaf-born children. | hair | 0.027778 | very easy |
3PUV2Q8SV448KDG43NZ1UW05FP0DBX | biomed | Agouti protein has a short radius of action (Silvers and Russel 1955) and can be switched on and off during a single hair cycle (Bultman et al. 1992, 1994; Miller et al. 1993; Vrieling et al. 1994); thus, its regulated expression is thought to be responsible for the cream-colored or yellow ventral surface of mice carrying the black-and-tan (at) allele and for the yellow markings around the feet, ears, or head, i.e., tan points or head spots, of certain dog breeds. | hair | 0.09375 | very easy |
3OYHVNTV5TY0HDBNZ9QA4TVU6XLKOQ | biomed | Our results indicate that the apparent uniformity of the dorsoventral boundary represents the sum of independent mechanisms that affect melanocyte density and/or differentiation, pigment-type synthesis, and hair length; surprisingly, none of these coincide with the somite–lateral plate lineage boundary. | hair | 0.176471 | very easy |
378G7J1SJLY50MSFU96HNSVBP2JEW7 | biomed | These observations suggest that the cochlear environment supports the survival of sensory hair cells in spite of the enlargement of the endolymphatic duct. | hair | 0.2 | easy |
3YD0MU1NC21NKUA26WWJZT63BXA7A3 | biomed | In trained hands, our measurement procedure is reliable, accurate and rapid enough to allow large scale genetic studies of factors determining IOP. | hands | 0.05 | very easy |
3RIHDBQ1NEYLFKP3G880ZXQXJHVMH4 | biomed | The initial experiments demonstrated that in our hands careful ocular cannulation has a very minor effect on IOP (average of -0.3 mmHg, mode -0.5 mmHg) and demonstrated significant differences in intraocular pressure levels between four mouse strains. | hands | 0.205882 | easy |
3TLFH2L6Y9OLDPC56K65Y7FNO5BT2U | biomed | Dual color imaging of several GFP variant proteins is a very attractive prospect and has become a standard procedure in cell biology [7,8]. | color | 0.027778 | very easy |
34D9ZRXCYRU93SUUUZUUUK2ZYAPSAB | biomed | These were generated through the aggregation of diploid embryos with diploid embryos (or ES cells) of the complementary color. | color | 0.166667 | very easy |
371QPA24C2OEO4U9NG6RTO5IW0V1TL | biomed | In the laboratory, color variation has been the subject of vertebrate genetics for more than a century (Searle 1968; Silvers 1979), and many pigmentary components have been identified whose actions are understood in a cellular or organ-based context (reviewed in Bennett and Lamoreux 2003). | color | 0.234375 | easy |
372AGES0I459YQ2AQKM3OI81DTKXR1 | biomed | Yet clear functions of RanBP2 in animal and cell physiology remain elusive. | animal | 0.038462 | very easy |
3JY0Q5X05J67NEY6LZSN1SUZ8U8GGR | biomed | XY and KB performed the animal experiments. | animal | 0.171875 | very easy |
3RSBJ6YZECQP1RJ9YYZDOG3PY14OFS | biomed | Adequate animal models are useful tools for the identification of genes involved in complex human diseases. | animal | 0.180556 | very easy |
3P6ENY9P79WZJ1ZCVTA874JG27DIHK | biomed | In a forward genetic screen that used ethylnitrosourea (ENU) to induce mutations in a founder animal whose offspring were then screened for abnormal whole body metabolism [19,20], we found a family of mice that urinated and drank excessively. | animal | 0.205882 | easy |
37MQ8Z1JQEWHUBBZGQT46O7237Z2YY | biomed | In the past decade, many studies applied this technique to study both RA and its animal models [15-22]. | animal | 0.25 | easy |
3KVQ0UJWPXL543ZMJ8DEJYPYC9P5W2 | biomed | A genome database search revealed orthologs of ADAM11, ADAM22 and ADAM23 genes to exist in vertebrates such as mammals, fish, and amphibians, but not in invertebrates. | fish | 0.05 | very easy |
301KG0KX9CLV8GLA6QPGKOCZDBM2HZ | biomed | However, vertebrate Dmrt gene function is not limited to sexual differentiation: Dmrt2 is required in both sexes for segmentation in mice and fish [33–35]. | fish | 0.216667 | easy |
3FHTJGYT8N0D0RR5OIIAV18R9LVGPV | biomed | Once Sry expression begins, expression patterns of other genes in the gonad begin to diverge. | patterns | 0.05 | very easy |
37VHPF5VYC3FDNCJ0FKGJOSMMK18CT | biomed | Indeed, the patterns of protein expression seemed comparable and indistinguishable from wild-type embryos at all stages of lung development examined. | patterns | 0.15 | very easy |
36818Z1KV3D5JB9F4KTTMCUN6VOA31 | biomed | To determine if this is due to different methods in immunofluorescence staining or indeed different expression patterns in mouse and human, we repeated the immunofluorescence of human brain. | patterns | 0.233333 | easy |
3BAKUKE49HC18PHHJR1WT9408E5R13 | biomed | Many of the double transgenic mice showed similar circular patterns of swimming near the edge of the tank when tested in the Morris water maze. | patterns | 0.235294 | easy |
324N5FAHSXBV7XKK0LCOZLP22QIVK3 | biomed | Despite these similarities, the differential expression patterns of μ- and m-calpain in mammalian tissues suggest they have some isoform specific and distinct functions. | patterns | 0.328125 | easy |
3ODOP6T3ASK1W4XFRJ5XQZ3V86U247 | biomed | We also developed a congenic mouse strain bearing a portion of 129 Chromosome 1 on a C57BL/6 background and showed that this wild-type congenic line expressed striking anti-nuclear autoimmunity. | mouse | 0.05 | very easy |
39XCQ6V3KY47AOKGSQ0AL4QLO7S65Y | biomed | Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) (the mouse gene is Acadm, whereas the protein is MCAD), specifically, is responsible for catalyzing the dehydrogenation of medium-chain length (C6-C12) fatty acid thioesters [1]. | mouse | 0.075 | very easy |
3MD8CKRQZZN836XL9G72X90M2V5JRZ | biomed | Sam68 protein expression was observed throughout the developing mouse embryo, in keeping with previous reports that identified the Sam68 mRNA to be widely expressed [38]. | mouse | 0.140625 | very easy |
3ZUE82NE0A1MGZWTRHAHRUDPJWVF8B | biomed | It has been reported that the disruption of Adam23 gene in the mouse results in premature death associated with ataxia and tremor [23]. | mouse | 0.214286 | easy |
3YOAVL4CA0HR2F0RGQEBDAD2TFT4ZH | biomed | Because the mutation is not in BCKDH, the validity of this mutant mouse line for modeling human MSUD is questionable. | mouse | 0.234375 | easy |
3IKDQS3DQE082TOW91W7WDM0PFECIB | biomed | Unpaired images represent prenatal time points and are labeled with the gene symbol of the gene in question ("wt" indicates that the retina is from a wild-type animal) and a designation of the embryonic day from which the retina derives (e.g., e17.5 = embryonic day 17.5). | images | 0.05 | very easy |
3VIVIU06FKCLBF0NMQQLZ9RCJTCIMT | biomed | In the development of the mammalian retina, a diverse range of cell types is generated from a pool of multipotent retinal progenitor cells. | range | 0.05 | very easy |
3NBFJK3IOHIVFRF49I5V6131ZHXGOE | biomed | Heterozygous mutations of the human PAX6 gene cause aniridia (absence of the iris) and a range of other congenital eye malformations [2]. | range | 0.220588 | easy |
311HQEI8RSGOL2IAIOCIGMXCKIHZ7W | biomed | Apcs−/− mice spontaneously produce a wide range of ANAs and develop significant immune complex glomerulonephritis (Bickerstaff et al. 1999). | range | 0.288462 | easy |
3PN6H8C9R4Q313BCX9Z5ZLGZX7FADZ | biomed | The pathogenesis of the wide range of metabolic disturbances in MCAD deficiency is poorly understood and certain aspects of patient management are controversial. | range | 0.291667 | easy |
3I7SHAD35MWOMVJR3ZMO8K135EZ7MN | biomed | It should also be stressed that Capn4-/- ES and MEF cells from the presumptive hypomorphic allele can be maintained in culture despite an apparent lack of calpain activity, as assessed by casein zymography or by the appearance of characteristic spectrin breakdown products. | products | 0.15625 | very easy |
3TCFMTM8HEOK450W41MVS1WSWMQ12Z | biomed | In large part, this has been due to the lack of inhibitors capable of specifically down-regulating the calpains without affecting other proteases. | lack | 0.05 | very easy |
3CVBMEMMXBG2UHIGC26BGFT7OR2H7O | biomed | The lack of clearance in both models of AD pathology comes as a stark contrast to the rapid removal of protein aggregates found in similar tet-off mouse models of Huntington [32] and prion disease [62]. | lack | 0.071429 | very easy |
37SOB9Z0SSXMFU0J1BIJVQAY06PL3U | biomed | Possibly, the lack of dopamine D2R-mediated signaling prevents refinement of the corticostriatal reinforcement circuits in the brains of the D2R-/- mice, thus impairing their ability to form S+/S- contingencies and disengage inappropriate dopamine D1R-mediated associative responding when unexpected consequences to goal-directed behaviors happened. | lack | 0.180556 | very easy |
36BTXXLZ2V8I0OE069KYR7B3KYA4RO | biomed | The apparent reduction of paraxial mesoderm in Hdhex4/5/Hdhex4/5 embryos could explain the lack of headfolds since paraxial mesoderm is important for the full development of neuroectoderm, and consequently, headfolds. | lack | 0.25 | easy |
3087LXLJ6MG4YARQWDX2YF770YK0FA | biomed | Thus, our observations provide unexpected starting-points in the search for huntingtin's precise molecular activities, which began with the discovery that this HEAT domain protein hosts the dominant polyglutamine property that is the fundamental basis of HD pathogenesis. | search | 0.05 | very easy |
3JYPJ2TAYI87MRVADYCSDG8F86VFPV | biomed | For this study, an inducible, liver-specific Mtf1 knockout mouse line was generated to perform a search for MTF-1 target genes and cadmium-inducible genes in the adult liver. | search | 0.083333 | very easy |
36BTXXLZ2V8I0OE069KYR7B3KZ8R4B | biomed | A previous target gene search for MTF-1 with mouse embryos of conventional Mtf1 knockout phenotype revealed, besides metallothionein genes, the multifunctional alpha-fetoprotein (Afp) and the liver-enriched transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (Cebpa) as prime candidates (65). | search | 0.229167 | easy |
3ECKRY5B1QWLAMZ61FGF7BNLYYRZIQ | biomed | Thus, our observations provide unexpected starting-points in the search for huntingtin's precise molecular activities, which began with the discovery that this HEAT domain protein hosts the dominant polyglutamine property that is the fundamental basis of HD pathogenesis. | search | 0.525 | neutral |
3UYRNV2KITZY4R9AP5TUZZMYLNH8NB | biomed | m-calpain was implicated in the acrosome reaction [47] which correlated with a translocation of m-calpain to the cortical membrane in oocytes where it might participate in the release of cortical granule contents required to prevent polyspermy [45]. | release | 0.3 | easy |
3XEDXEGFX3OFEWJ4XOOZESZC8U5K00 | biomed | The manuscript was prepared jointly by STC and IMH, who have both read and approved the final version. | read | 0.05 | very easy |
3BO3NEOQM0HK9ERYPN0GQIWCPCSIAE | biomed | DT provided the sections the human autopsy brain, analyzed them by immunofluorescence, and contributed to the analysis of data. | brain | 0.05 | very easy |
3ZTE0JGGCESIYFZZ7W9CGAIM1ODCO6 | biomed | The roles of PAX6 in brain development have mainly been studied in homozygous mutant mice or rats and include arealisation of the cerebral cortex [7], formation of the prosencephalon-mesencephalon boundary [8], axon guidance [8], differentiation of neurons from glia [9] and neuronal migration in the cerebellum [10]. | brain | 0.196429 | very easy |
3VP28W7DUNK10VXG07AU4EATI60FZG | biomed | Plasma and all tissues, apart from the brain, have significantly elevated sitosterol levels. | brain | 0.225 | easy |
3GKAWYFRAPTAO7HEMSH2PG5UWTKDPN | biomed | Both Annexin A7 isoforms described in brain tissue seemingly are expressed by neurons and astrocytes, which was shown using total cell extracts of cultured neuo-2a, PC-12, and C6 cells. | brain | 0.25 | easy |
3I7KR83SNADXAQ7HXK7S7305BZS9KW | biomed | While this approach is promising, constant exposure to antibodies that recognize an epitope highly enriched in the brain may have unexpected side effects that will limit its long-term use. | brain | 0.296875 | easy |
3P0I4CQYVY7RCD54ON9DS4PPT4OWOS | biomed | In contrast, no mortality was noted in adult MCAD-/- mice unless challenged with cold stress and fasting. | stress | 0.05 | very easy |
3QHITW7OYO9XQCFH2V5PZKNYGM4QAK | biomed | The present study confirms and extends the role of MTF-1 as an important stress response regulator. | stress | 0.196429 | very easy |
39AYGO6AFFKB0DQMWQWWFLQ7FSR6NN | biomed | One type of stress response is triggered by heavy metals, such as zinc, copper and cadmium (for convenience, the terms zinc, copper and cadmium are also used here to denote Zn2+, Cu2+ and Cd2+, respectively). | stress | 0.222222 | easy |
3M67TQBQQHORYDYVLTU3DPX96M0A9I | biomed | Alterations in the cytosolic pH in conjunction with free radical stress may lead to the loss of KCNJ10 protein expression in strial intermediate cells. | stress | 0.222222 | easy |
3WPCIUYH1A88GZAL39QMUQ6RLXYDTN | biomed | We have identified and preliminarily characterized four target genes of MTF-1 in the adult mouse liver: in the case of Sepw1, MTF-1 is required to maintain basal expression, supporting a role of mouse MTF-1 in oxidative stress response. | stress | 0.294118 | easy |
335VBRURDJ0UOQF71YWP98N0R1Y9EC | biomed | BMP2 and BMP7 are thus secondary signals produced in response to SHH activity. | activity | 0.05 | very easy |
3CRWSLD91K4V71BQKL3QJ6NYV2GOMZ | biomed | Because synapsis occurs in TRIP13-deficient spermatocytes and is dependent on DSB formation (activity of SPO11 and MEI1), we suggest that TRIP13 functions after homology recognition and strand exchange, and that recombination events entering the CO repair pathway are either completed or nearly so (because OA treated resulted in bivalent chromosomes). | activity | 0.140625 | very easy |
3R15W654VDTEMV6LZMUF8Y39AY8LQ2 | biomed | However, again we were unable to generate ES cells or mice exhibiting robust widespread reporter activity (A.-K.H. and V.E. Papaioannou, unpublished observations). | activity | 0.176471 | very easy |
3BPP3MA3TCKPPSGGQVZFEHEVRVFELE | biomed | Previous studies have shown that the alpha-crystallin possesses molecular chaperone activity, binding to partially denatured proteins, both in vitro [5] and probably in vivo [6], to inhibit further denaturation. | activity | 0.235294 | easy |
35O6H0UNLSGJYJZNC9UZU8VQADGJ5L | biomed | Initial studies targeted Capn4 based on the prediction that loss of this calpain subunit would abolish activity of both μ- and m-calpain. | activity | 0.45 | neutral |
32L724R85LKRWIX0E6IDGDL7OYNPIW | biomed | The activity of BCKDH in livers of homozygous knockout mouse pups was undetectable, accounting for the accumulation of unmetabolized BCAA. | livers | 0.05 | very easy |
3LCXHSGDLT6CT5B6A4WGQ3SQJPTESY | biomed | The comparison of gene expression in livers of mock- or cadmium-treated Mtf1Mx-cre and Mtf1loxP mice revealed several MTF-1 target gene candidates. | livers | 0.323529 | easy |
35JDMRECC499302FF42Z1P9NVETEG8 | biomed | Many of the double transgenic mice showed similar circular patterns of swimming near the edge of the tank when tested in the Morris water maze. | swimming | 0.05 | very easy |
3FCO4VKOZ4DQA7REM1Y5VCWUWC87EY | biomed | In kidneys taken from mutant animals, however, AQP2 was distributed randomly throughout the cell in the basal state (Figure 4A, third row), while AQP3 (green) appropriately localized to the basolateral surface [23]. | kidneys | 0.05 | very easy |
3PR3LXCWSFZ3UQ6OW3MHXX877879XL | biomed | A total of 200 female mice (ten months of age) of the N2 backcross between NFR/N and C57BL/B10. | total | 0.05 | very easy |
3B286OTISEHG4PB475LG2JBC2RCJAM | biomed | In a simple model, such a binding could interfere with the accessibility of the transcriptional start site for RNA polymerase II and/or general transcription factors, thus preventing transcription initiation of the gene. | start | 0.142857 | very easy |
34R0BODSP1ZBN3DVY8J8XSIY55KE5V | biomed | Second, we cannot rule out the existence of an alternate start site for ITPR1 that may result in a product that confers a pathogenic gain of function to the protein; however, Western blot analysis of cells derived from affected AUS1 family members, which was performed using an antibody raised against the C-terminal portion of ITPR1, failed to identify any disease-specific truncated protein products. | start | 0.15625 | very easy |
31YWE12TE0CZG7IVH6OXJ1H1CIIX7W | biomed | In the case of Csrp1, expression analyses and DNA-binding studies indicate that MTF-1 is required for cadmium induction by binding to an MRE upstream of the transcription start. | start | 0.282609 | easy |
3KTZHH2ONIFSM9OAD4EUMKXYGX88MC | biomed | Here we report the generation of additional mutant Xpd alleles that fail to support viability on their own but nevertheless ameliorate TTD-associated premature segmental ageing, cutaneous features, cellular DNA repair capacity, and UV survival when present in a compound heterozygote state. | survival | 0.055556 | very easy |
3S8APUMBJXJ5IXU0UTURIW3QR3EFBA | biomed | One striking observation of this study is that precocious induction of ETS signaling promotes neuronal survival without a requirement for neurotrophic support and in complete absence of Trk receptor expression. | survival | 0.125 | very easy |
3S37Y8CWI80N8KVM53U4E6JKCENW4J | biomed | Clearly this would have survival value since DNA repair gene up-regulation in response to E2F1 provides additional DNA repair when the DNA is replicating and is particularly vulnerable to damage. | survival | 0.134615 | very easy |
3CO05SML7V5110WZN8XWF4LQ3MUR0V | biomed | The presence of some mature glycosylated proteins (35-45 kDa) in Aqp2F204V/F204V mice presumably permits their survival compared to Aqp2T126M/T126M mice, and is consistent with a diminished response to dDAVP. | survival | 0.15 | very easy |
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