id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 217 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
5706b6aa2eaba6190074ac60 | New_Delhi | The city is home to numerous international organisations. The Asian and Pacific Centre for Transfer of Technology of the UNESCAP servicing the Asia-Pacific region is headquartered in New Delhi. New Delhi is home to most UN regional offices in India namely the UNDP, UNODC, UNESCO, UNICEF, WFP, UNV, UNCTAD, FAO, UNFPA, W... | In what city is the Asian and Pacific Centre for Transfer of Technology located? | {
"text": [
"New Delhi"
],
"answer_start": [
183
]
} |
5706b6aa2eaba6190074ac61 | New_Delhi | The city is home to numerous international organisations. The Asian and Pacific Centre for Transfer of Technology of the UNESCAP servicing the Asia-Pacific region is headquartered in New Delhi. New Delhi is home to most UN regional offices in India namely the UNDP, UNODC, UNESCO, UNICEF, WFP, UNV, UNCTAD, FAO, UNFPA, W... | What major city is home to most regional UN offices in India? | {
"text": [
"New Delhi"
],
"answer_start": [
194
]
} |
5706b6aa2eaba6190074ac62 | New_Delhi | The city is home to numerous international organisations. The Asian and Pacific Centre for Transfer of Technology of the UNESCAP servicing the Asia-Pacific region is headquartered in New Delhi. New Delhi is home to most UN regional offices in India namely the UNDP, UNODC, UNESCO, UNICEF, WFP, UNV, UNCTAD, FAO, UNFPA, W... | What is one regional UN office located in New Delhi? | {
"text": [
"UNDP"
],
"answer_start": [
260
]
} |
5706b6aa2eaba6190074ac63 | New_Delhi | The city is home to numerous international organisations. The Asian and Pacific Centre for Transfer of Technology of the UNESCAP servicing the Asia-Pacific region is headquartered in New Delhi. New Delhi is home to most UN regional offices in India namely the UNDP, UNODC, UNESCO, UNICEF, WFP, UNV, UNCTAD, FAO, UNFPA, W... | The regional office of the World Bank in India is located in what city? | {
"text": [
"New Delhi"
],
"answer_start": [
194
]
} |
5706b6aa2eaba6190074ac64 | New_Delhi | The city is home to numerous international organisations. The Asian and Pacific Centre for Transfer of Technology of the UNESCAP servicing the Asia-Pacific region is headquartered in New Delhi. New Delhi is home to most UN regional offices in India namely the UNDP, UNODC, UNESCO, UNICEF, WFP, UNV, UNCTAD, FAO, UNFPA, W... | The regional offices of the IMF, UNICEF, and UNESCO are all located in what major Indian city? | {
"text": [
"New Delhi"
],
"answer_start": [
194
]
} |
5705e78f75f01819005e7734 | Bird_migration | Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south along a flyway, between breeding and wintering grounds. Many species of bird migrate. Migration carries high costs in predation and mortality, including from hunting by humans, and is driven primarily by availability of food. It occurs mainly in the... | Where does migration mainly occur? | {
"text": [
"the northern hemisphere"
],
"answer_start": [
317
]
} |
5705e78f75f01819005e7735 | Bird_migration | Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south along a flyway, between breeding and wintering grounds. Many species of bird migrate. Migration carries high costs in predation and mortality, including from hunting by humans, and is driven primarily by availability of food. It occurs mainly in the... | Why do birds primarily migrate? | {
"text": [
"availability of food"
],
"answer_start": [
275
]
} |
5705e78f75f01819005e7736 | Bird_migration | Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south along a flyway, between breeding and wintering grounds. Many species of bird migrate. Migration carries high costs in predation and mortality, including from hunting by humans, and is driven primarily by availability of food. It occurs mainly in the... | Which birds migrate? | {
"text": [
"Many species"
],
"answer_start": [
127
]
} |
5705e78f75f01819005e7738 | Bird_migration | Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south along a flyway, between breeding and wintering grounds. Many species of bird migrate. Migration carries high costs in predation and mortality, including from hunting by humans, and is driven primarily by availability of food. It occurs mainly in the... | What is a cause of death to birds during migration? | {
"text": [
"humans"
],
"answer_start": [
240
]
} |
5705e90375f01819005e7748 | Bird_migration | Historically, migration has been recorded as much as 3,000 years ago by Ancient Greek authors including Homer and Aristotle, and in the Book of Job, for species such as storks, turtle doves, and swallows. More recently, Johannes Leche began recording dates of arrivals of spring migrants in Finland in 1749, and scientif... | When was migration first recorded? | {
"text": [
"3,000 years ago"
],
"answer_start": [
53
]
} |
5705e90375f01819005e7749 | Bird_migration | Historically, migration has been recorded as much as 3,000 years ago by Ancient Greek authors including Homer and Aristotle, and in the Book of Job, for species such as storks, turtle doves, and swallows. More recently, Johannes Leche began recording dates of arrivals of spring migrants in Finland in 1749, and scientif... | Who recorded the earliest records of migration? | {
"text": [
"Homer and Aristotle, and in the Book of Job"
],
"answer_start": [
104
]
} |
5705e90375f01819005e774a | Bird_migration | Historically, migration has been recorded as much as 3,000 years ago by Ancient Greek authors including Homer and Aristotle, and in the Book of Job, for species such as storks, turtle doves, and swallows. More recently, Johannes Leche began recording dates of arrivals of spring migrants in Finland in 1749, and scientif... | Where was Johannes Leche from? | {
"text": [
"Finland"
],
"answer_start": [
291
]
} |
5705e90375f01819005e774b | Bird_migration | Historically, migration has been recorded as much as 3,000 years ago by Ancient Greek authors including Homer and Aristotle, and in the Book of Job, for species such as storks, turtle doves, and swallows. More recently, Johannes Leche began recording dates of arrivals of spring migrants in Finland in 1749, and scientif... | Which species of birds were recorded 3,000 years ago? | {
"text": [
"storks, turtle doves, and swallows"
],
"answer_start": [
169
]
} |
5705e90375f01819005e774c | Bird_migration | Historically, migration has been recorded as much as 3,000 years ago by Ancient Greek authors including Homer and Aristotle, and in the Book of Job, for species such as storks, turtle doves, and swallows. More recently, Johannes Leche began recording dates of arrivals of spring migrants in Finland in 1749, and scientif... | What is a major threat to migratory birds? | {
"text": [
"habitat destruction"
],
"answer_start": [
442
]
} |
5705e9bf52bb891400689692 | Bird_migration | The Arctic tern holds the long-distance migration record for birds, travelling between Arctic breeding grounds and the Antarctic each year. Some species of tubenoses (Procellariiformes) such as albatrosses circle the earth, flying over the southern oceans, while others such as Manx shearwaters migrate 14,000 km (8,700 ... | Which birds migrate the furthest? | {
"text": [
"The Arctic tern"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
5705e9bf52bb891400689693 | Bird_migration | The Arctic tern holds the long-distance migration record for birds, travelling between Arctic breeding grounds and the Antarctic each year. Some species of tubenoses (Procellariiformes) such as albatrosses circle the earth, flying over the southern oceans, while others such as Manx shearwaters migrate 14,000 km (8,700 ... | Where does the Arctic tern migrate each year? | {
"text": [
"between Arctic breeding grounds and the Antarctic"
],
"answer_start": [
79
]
} |
5705e9bf52bb891400689694 | Bird_migration | The Arctic tern holds the long-distance migration record for birds, travelling between Arctic breeding grounds and the Antarctic each year. Some species of tubenoses (Procellariiformes) such as albatrosses circle the earth, flying over the southern oceans, while others such as Manx shearwaters migrate 14,000 km (8,700 ... | which bird migrates by circling the earth? | {
"text": [
"albatrosses"
],
"answer_start": [
194
]
} |
5705e9bf52bb891400689695 | Bird_migration | The Arctic tern holds the long-distance migration record for birds, travelling between Arctic breeding grounds and the Antarctic each year. Some species of tubenoses (Procellariiformes) such as albatrosses circle the earth, flying over the southern oceans, while others such as Manx shearwaters migrate 14,000 km (8,700 ... | Where do Manx shearwaters migrate? | {
"text": [
"between their northern breeding grounds and the southern ocean"
],
"answer_start": [
324
]
} |
5705e9bf52bb891400689696 | Bird_migration | The Arctic tern holds the long-distance migration record for birds, travelling between Arctic breeding grounds and the Antarctic each year. Some species of tubenoses (Procellariiformes) such as albatrosses circle the earth, flying over the southern oceans, while others such as Manx shearwaters migrate 14,000 km (8,700 ... | What is an example of a shorter migration? | {
"text": [
"altitudinal migrations on mountains such as the Andes and Himalayas"
],
"answer_start": [
429
]
} |
5705ea4175f01819005e7752 | Bird_migration | The timing of migration seems to be controlled primarily by changes in day length. Migrating birds navigate using celestial cues from the sun and stars, the earth's magnetic field, and probably also mental maps. | What causes the timing of migration? | {
"text": [
"changes in day length"
],
"answer_start": [
60
]
} |
5705ea4175f01819005e7753 | Bird_migration | The timing of migration seems to be controlled primarily by changes in day length. Migrating birds navigate using celestial cues from the sun and stars, the earth's magnetic field, and probably also mental maps. | How do migrating birds navigate? | {
"text": [
"celestial cues from the sun and stars"
],
"answer_start": [
114
]
} |
5705ea4175f01819005e7754 | Bird_migration | The timing of migration seems to be controlled primarily by changes in day length. Migrating birds navigate using celestial cues from the sun and stars, the earth's magnetic field, and probably also mental maps. | How else to migrating birds navigate? | {
"text": [
"the earth's magnetic field"
],
"answer_start": [
153
]
} |
5705ea4175f01819005e7755 | Bird_migration | The timing of migration seems to be controlled primarily by changes in day length. Migrating birds navigate using celestial cues from the sun and stars, the earth's magnetic field, and probably also mental maps. | What might help migrating birds navigate? | {
"text": [
"mental maps"
],
"answer_start": [
199
]
} |
5705eb3152bb89140068969d | Bird_migration | Records of bird migration were made as much as 3,000 years ago by the Ancient Greek writers Hesiod, Homer, Herodotus and Aristotle. The Bible also notes migrations, as in the Book of Job (39:26), where the inquiry is made: "Is it by your insight that the hawk hovers, spreads its wings southward?" The author of Jeremiah... | Who recorded early records of migration? | {
"text": [
"Ancient Greek writers"
],
"answer_start": [
70
]
} |
5705eb3152bb89140068969e | Bird_migration | Records of bird migration were made as much as 3,000 years ago by the Ancient Greek writers Hesiod, Homer, Herodotus and Aristotle. The Bible also notes migrations, as in the Book of Job (39:26), where the inquiry is made: "Is it by your insight that the hawk hovers, spreads its wings southward?" The author of Jeremiah... | Where in the bible does it mention migration? | {
"text": [
"the Book of Job (39:26)"
],
"answer_start": [
171
]
} |
5705eb3152bb89140068969f | Bird_migration | Records of bird migration were made as much as 3,000 years ago by the Ancient Greek writers Hesiod, Homer, Herodotus and Aristotle. The Bible also notes migrations, as in the Book of Job (39:26), where the inquiry is made: "Is it by your insight that the hawk hovers, spreads its wings southward?" The author of Jeremiah... | What bird is mentioned in the book of Job? | {
"text": [
"hawk"
],
"answer_start": [
255
]
} |
5705ef1452bb8914006896e8 | Bird_migration | Aristotle noted that cranes traveled from the steppes of Scythia to marshes at the headwaters of the Nile. Pliny the Elder, in his Historia Naturalis, repeats Aristotle's observations. | Who noted that cranes traveled from Scythia to the Nile? | {
"text": [
"Aristotle"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
5705ef1452bb8914006896e9 | Bird_migration | Aristotle noted that cranes traveled from the steppes of Scythia to marshes at the headwaters of the Nile. Pliny the Elder, in his Historia Naturalis, repeats Aristotle's observations. | Who repeats Aristotle's observations? | {
"text": [
"Pliny the Elder"
],
"answer_start": [
107
]
} |
5705ef1452bb8914006896ea | Bird_migration | Aristotle noted that cranes traveled from the steppes of Scythia to marshes at the headwaters of the Nile. Pliny the Elder, in his Historia Naturalis, repeats Aristotle's observations. | Where did Pliny the Elder repeat Aristotle's observations? | {
"text": [
"in his Historia Naturalis"
],
"answer_start": [
124
]
} |
5705ef1452bb8914006896eb | Bird_migration | Aristotle noted that cranes traveled from the steppes of Scythia to marshes at the headwaters of the Nile. Pliny the Elder, in his Historia Naturalis, repeats Aristotle's observations. | What kind of bird did Aristotle and Pliny the Elder write about? | {
"text": [
"cranes"
],
"answer_start": [
21
]
} |
5705f22952bb891400689700 | Bird_migration | Aristotle however suggested that swallows and other birds hibernated. This belief persisted as late as 1878, when Elliott Coues listed the titles of no less than 182 papers dealing with the hibernation of swallows. Even the "highly observant" Gilbert White, in his posthumously published 1789 The Natural History of Selb... | Which bird did Aristotle believe hibernated? | {
"text": [
"swallows"
],
"answer_start": [
33
]
} |
5705f22952bb891400689701 | Bird_migration | Aristotle however suggested that swallows and other birds hibernated. This belief persisted as late as 1878, when Elliott Coues listed the titles of no less than 182 papers dealing with the hibernation of swallows. Even the "highly observant" Gilbert White, in his posthumously published 1789 The Natural History of Selb... | Until what year did the belief of hibernating birds persist? | {
"text": [
"1878"
],
"answer_start": [
103
]
} |
5705f22952bb891400689702 | Bird_migration | Aristotle however suggested that swallows and other birds hibernated. This belief persisted as late as 1878, when Elliott Coues listed the titles of no less than 182 papers dealing with the hibernation of swallows. Even the "highly observant" Gilbert White, in his posthumously published 1789 The Natural History of Selb... | Who wrote 182 papers dealing with the hibernation of swallows? | {
"text": [
"Elliott Coues"
],
"answer_start": [
114
]
} |
5705f22952bb891400689703 | Bird_migration | Aristotle however suggested that swallows and other birds hibernated. This belief persisted as late as 1878, when Elliott Coues listed the titles of no less than 182 papers dealing with the hibernation of swallows. Even the "highly observant" Gilbert White, in his posthumously published 1789 The Natural History of Selb... | Who wrote "The Natural History of Selborne"? | {
"text": [
"Gilbert White"
],
"answer_start": [
243
]
} |
5705f31c52bb89140068970e | Bird_migration | It was not until the end of the eighteenth century that migration as an explanation for the winter disappearance of birds from northern climes was accepted. Thomas Bewick's A History of British Birds (Volume 1, 1797) mentions a report from "a very intelligent master of a vessel" who, "between the islands of Minorca and... | When was migration finally accepted? | {
"text": [
"the end of the eighteenth century"
],
"answer_start": [
17
]
} |
5705f31c52bb89140068970f | Bird_migration | It was not until the end of the eighteenth century that migration as an explanation for the winter disappearance of birds from northern climes was accepted. Thomas Bewick's A History of British Birds (Volume 1, 1797) mentions a report from "a very intelligent master of a vessel" who, "between the islands of Minorca and... | Who wrote A History of British Birds? | {
"text": [
"Thomas Bewick"
],
"answer_start": [
157
]
} |
5705f31c52bb891400689710 | Bird_migration | It was not until the end of the eighteenth century that migration as an explanation for the winter disappearance of birds from northern climes was accepted. Thomas Bewick's A History of British Birds (Volume 1, 1797) mentions a report from "a very intelligent master of a vessel" who, "between the islands of Minorca and... | What year was Thomas Bewick's book published? | {
"text": [
"1797"
],
"answer_start": [
211
]
} |
5705f31c52bb891400689711 | Bird_migration | It was not until the end of the eighteenth century that migration as an explanation for the winter disappearance of birds from northern climes was accepted. Thomas Bewick's A History of British Birds (Volume 1, 1797) mentions a report from "a very intelligent master of a vessel" who, "between the islands of Minorca and... | Where were Swallows seen flying? | {
"text": [
"between the islands of Minorca and Majorca"
],
"answer_start": [
286
]
} |
5705f31c52bb891400689712 | Bird_migration | It was not until the end of the eighteenth century that migration as an explanation for the winter disappearance of birds from northern climes was accepted. Thomas Bewick's A History of British Birds (Volume 1, 1797) mentions a report from "a very intelligent master of a vessel" who, "between the islands of Minorca and... | Which directions were the Swallows flying? | {
"text": [
"northward"
],
"answer_start": [
367
]
} |
5705f3a375f01819005e77c2 | Bird_migration | Bewick then describes an experiment which succeeded in keeping swallows alive in Britain for several years, where they remained warm and dry through the winters. He concludes: | Who describes an experiment with swallows? | {
"text": [
"Bewick"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
5705f3a375f01819005e77c3 | Bird_migration | Bewick then describes an experiment which succeeded in keeping swallows alive in Britain for several years, where they remained warm and dry through the winters. He concludes: | Where did this experiment take place? | {
"text": [
"Britain"
],
"answer_start": [
81
]
} |
5705f3a375f01819005e77c4 | Bird_migration | Bewick then describes an experiment which succeeded in keeping swallows alive in Britain for several years, where they remained warm and dry through the winters. He concludes: | How did the experiment succeed? | {
"text": [
"they remained warm and dry through the winters"
],
"answer_start": [
114
]
} |
5705f3a375f01819005e77c5 | Bird_migration | Bewick then describes an experiment which succeeded in keeping swallows alive in Britain for several years, where they remained warm and dry through the winters. He concludes: | How long did the birds stay alive? | {
"text": [
"several years"
],
"answer_start": [
93
]
} |
5705f53452bb891400689736 | Bird_migration | Migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south, undertaken by many species of birds. Bird movements include those made in response to changes in food availability, habitat, or weather. Sometimes, journeys are not termed "true migration" because they are irregular (nomadism, invasions, irruptions) or ... | Why do birds migrate? | {
"text": [
"response to changes in food availability, habitat, or weather"
],
"answer_start": [
141
]
} |
5705f53452bb891400689737 | Bird_migration | Migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south, undertaken by many species of birds. Bird movements include those made in response to changes in food availability, habitat, or weather. Sometimes, journeys are not termed "true migration" because they are irregular (nomadism, invasions, irruptions) or ... | What are non=migratory birds called? | {
"text": [
"resident or sedentary"
],
"answer_start": [
477
]
} |
5705f53452bb891400689738 | Bird_migration | Migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south, undertaken by many species of birds. Bird movements include those made in response to changes in food availability, habitat, or weather. Sometimes, journeys are not termed "true migration" because they are irregular (nomadism, invasions, irruptions) or ... | How many species of birds are there? | {
"text": [
"10,000"
],
"answer_start": [
534
]
} |
5705f53452bb891400689739 | Bird_migration | Migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south, undertaken by many species of birds. Bird movements include those made in response to changes in food availability, habitat, or weather. Sometimes, journeys are not termed "true migration" because they are irregular (nomadism, invasions, irruptions) or ... | How many bird species are long distance migrants? | {
"text": [
"1800"
],
"answer_start": [
514
]
} |
5705f53452bb89140068973a | Bird_migration | Migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south, undertaken by many species of birds. Bird movements include those made in response to changes in food availability, habitat, or weather. Sometimes, journeys are not termed "true migration" because they are irregular (nomadism, invasions, irruptions) or ... | Which direction do birds primarily migrate? | {
"text": [
"north and south"
],
"answer_start": [
50
]
} |
5705f69d75f01819005e77ca | Bird_migration | Many bird populations migrate long distances along a flyway. The most common pattern involves flying north in the spring to breed in the temperate or Arctic summer and returning in the autumn to wintering grounds in warmer regions to the south. Of course, in the southern hemisphere the directions are reversed, but ther... | Along where do many birds migrate? | {
"text": [
"a flyway"
],
"answer_start": [
51
]
} |
5705f69d75f01819005e77cb | Bird_migration | Many bird populations migrate long distances along a flyway. The most common pattern involves flying north in the spring to breed in the temperate or Arctic summer and returning in the autumn to wintering grounds in warmer regions to the south. Of course, in the southern hemisphere the directions are reversed, but ther... | What is the most common pattern of migration in the spring? | {
"text": [
"flying north"
],
"answer_start": [
94
]
} |
5705f69d75f01819005e77cc | Bird_migration | Many bird populations migrate long distances along a flyway. The most common pattern involves flying north in the spring to breed in the temperate or Arctic summer and returning in the autumn to wintering grounds in warmer regions to the south. Of course, in the southern hemisphere the directions are reversed, but ther... | What is the most common directionof migration in autumn? | {
"text": [
"south"
],
"answer_start": [
238
]
} |
5705f69d75f01819005e77cd | Bird_migration | Many bird populations migrate long distances along a flyway. The most common pattern involves flying north in the spring to breed in the temperate or Arctic summer and returning in the autumn to wintering grounds in warmer regions to the south. Of course, in the southern hemisphere the directions are reversed, but ther... | Why do the birds fly north? | {
"text": [
"to breed"
],
"answer_start": [
121
]
} |
5705f85275f01819005e77e6 | Bird_migration | The primary motivation for migration appears to be food; for example, some hummingbirds choose not to migrate if fed through the winter. Also, the longer days of the northern summer provide extended time for breeding birds to feed their young. This helps diurnal birds to produce larger clutches than related non-migrato... | What is the primary motivation for migration? | {
"text": [
"food"
],
"answer_start": [
51
]
} |
5705f85275f01819005e77e7 | Bird_migration | The primary motivation for migration appears to be food; for example, some hummingbirds choose not to migrate if fed through the winter. Also, the longer days of the northern summer provide extended time for breeding birds to feed their young. This helps diurnal birds to produce larger clutches than related non-migrato... | Which birds will not migrate if they are well fed through winter? | {
"text": [
"hummingbirds"
],
"answer_start": [
75
]
} |
5705f85275f01819005e77e8 | Bird_migration | The primary motivation for migration appears to be food; for example, some hummingbirds choose not to migrate if fed through the winter. Also, the longer days of the northern summer provide extended time for breeding birds to feed their young. This helps diurnal birds to produce larger clutches than related non-migrato... | When do the birds return to warmer regions? | {
"text": [
"autumn"
],
"answer_start": [
382
]
} |
5705f85275f01819005e77e9 | Bird_migration | The primary motivation for migration appears to be food; for example, some hummingbirds choose not to migrate if fed through the winter. Also, the longer days of the northern summer provide extended time for breeding birds to feed their young. This helps diurnal birds to produce larger clutches than related non-migrato... | what do the longer days of summer provide the birds? | {
"text": [
"time for breeding birds to feed their young."
],
"answer_start": [
199
]
} |
5705f85275f01819005e77ea | Bird_migration | The primary motivation for migration appears to be food; for example, some hummingbirds choose not to migrate if fed through the winter. Also, the longer days of the northern summer provide extended time for breeding birds to feed their young. This helps diurnal birds to produce larger clutches than related non-migrato... | What do diurnal birds produce as opposed to non migratory species? | {
"text": [
"larger clutches"
],
"answer_start": [
280
]
} |
5705f90475f01819005e77f8 | Bird_migration | These advantages offset the high stress, physical exertion costs, and other risks of the migration. Predation can be heightened during migration: Eleonora's falcon Falco eleonorae, which breeds on Mediterranean islands, has a very late breeding season, coordinated with the autumn passage of southbound passerine migrant... | What is hightened during migration? | {
"text": [
"Predation"
],
"answer_start": [
100
]
} |
5705f90475f01819005e77f9 | Bird_migration | These advantages offset the high stress, physical exertion costs, and other risks of the migration. Predation can be heightened during migration: Eleonora's falcon Falco eleonorae, which breeds on Mediterranean islands, has a very late breeding season, coordinated with the autumn passage of southbound passerine migrant... | Where do Eleonora's falcon breed? | {
"text": [
"Mediterranean islands"
],
"answer_start": [
197
]
} |
5705f90475f01819005e77fa | Bird_migration | These advantages offset the high stress, physical exertion costs, and other risks of the migration. Predation can be heightened during migration: Eleonora's falcon Falco eleonorae, which breeds on Mediterranean islands, has a very late breeding season, coordinated with the autumn passage of southbound passerine migrant... | What do Eleonora's falcon feed their young? | {
"text": [
"southbound passerine migrants"
],
"answer_start": [
292
]
} |
5705f90475f01819005e77fb | Bird_migration | These advantages offset the high stress, physical exertion costs, and other risks of the migration. Predation can be heightened during migration: Eleonora's falcon Falco eleonorae, which breeds on Mediterranean islands, has a very late breeding season, coordinated with the autumn passage of southbound passerine migrant... | What preys on nocturnal passerine migrants? | {
"text": [
"the greater noctule bat"
],
"answer_start": [
385
]
} |
5705f90475f01819005e77fc | Bird_migration | These advantages offset the high stress, physical exertion costs, and other risks of the migration. Predation can be heightened during migration: Eleonora's falcon Falco eleonorae, which breeds on Mediterranean islands, has a very late breeding season, coordinated with the autumn passage of southbound passerine migrant... | What makes birds prone to parasites and pathogens? | {
"text": [
"higher concentrations of migrating birds"
],
"answer_start": [
459
]
} |
5705fa3075f01819005e780c | Bird_migration | Within a species not all populations may be migratory; this is known as "partial migration". Partial migration is very common in the southern continents; in Australia, 44% of non-passerine birds and 32% of passerine species are partially migratory. In some species, the population at higher latitudes tends to be migrato... | What is partial migration? | {
"text": [
"not all populations may be migratory"
],
"answer_start": [
17
]
} |
5705fa3075f01819005e780d | Bird_migration | Within a species not all populations may be migratory; this is known as "partial migration". Partial migration is very common in the southern continents; in Australia, 44% of non-passerine birds and 32% of passerine species are partially migratory. In some species, the population at higher latitudes tends to be migrato... | Where is partial migration most common? | {
"text": [
"the southern continents"
],
"answer_start": [
129
]
} |
5705fa3075f01819005e780e | Bird_migration | Within a species not all populations may be migratory; this is known as "partial migration". Partial migration is very common in the southern continents; in Australia, 44% of non-passerine birds and 32% of passerine species are partially migratory. In some species, the population at higher latitudes tends to be migrato... | In Australia, what percent of non-passerine birds are partially migratory? | {
"text": [
"44%"
],
"answer_start": [
168
]
} |
5705fa3075f01819005e780f | Bird_migration | Within a species not all populations may be migratory; this is known as "partial migration". Partial migration is very common in the southern continents; in Australia, 44% of non-passerine birds and 32% of passerine species are partially migratory. In some species, the population at higher latitudes tends to be migrato... | In Australia, what percent of passerine species are partially migratory? | {
"text": [
"32%"
],
"answer_start": [
199
]
} |
5705fae575f01819005e7816 | Bird_migration | Within a population, it is common for different ages and/or sexes to have different patterns of timing and distance. Female chaffinches Fringilla coelebs in Eastern Fennoscandia migrate earlier in the autumn than males do. | Which sex of the chaffinches Fringilla coelebs migrate earlier? | {
"text": [
"Female"
],
"answer_start": [
117
]
} |
5705fae575f01819005e7817 | Bird_migration | Within a population, it is common for different ages and/or sexes to have different patterns of timing and distance. Female chaffinches Fringilla coelebs in Eastern Fennoscandia migrate earlier in the autumn than males do. | Where are chaffinches Fringilla coelebs from? | {
"text": [
"Eastern Fennoscandia"
],
"answer_start": [
157
]
} |
5705fae575f01819005e7818 | Bird_migration | Within a population, it is common for different ages and/or sexes to have different patterns of timing and distance. Female chaffinches Fringilla coelebs in Eastern Fennoscandia migrate earlier in the autumn than males do. | When do the chaffinches Fringilla coelebs migrate? | {
"text": [
"autumn"
],
"answer_start": [
201
]
} |
5705fb9e52bb89140068975a | Bird_migration | Most migrations begin with the birds starting off in a broad front. Often, this front narrows into one or more preferred routes termed flyways. These routes typically follow mountain ranges or coastlines, sometimes rivers, and may take advantage of updrafts and other wind patterns or avoid geographical barriers such as... | How do most migrations begin? | {
"text": [
"the birds starting off in a broad front"
],
"answer_start": [
27
]
} |
5705fb9e52bb89140068975b | Bird_migration | Most migrations begin with the birds starting off in a broad front. Often, this front narrows into one or more preferred routes termed flyways. These routes typically follow mountain ranges or coastlines, sometimes rivers, and may take advantage of updrafts and other wind patterns or avoid geographical barriers such as... | What to the migrating birds usually follow? | {
"text": [
"mountain ranges or coastlines"
],
"answer_start": [
174
]
} |
5705fb9e52bb89140068975c | Bird_migration | Most migrations begin with the birds starting off in a broad front. Often, this front narrows into one or more preferred routes termed flyways. These routes typically follow mountain ranges or coastlines, sometimes rivers, and may take advantage of updrafts and other wind patterns or avoid geographical barriers such as... | What obsticals will migrating birds avoid? | {
"text": [
"large stretches of open water"
],
"answer_start": [
321
]
} |
5705fb9e52bb89140068975d | Bird_migration | Most migrations begin with the birds starting off in a broad front. Often, this front narrows into one or more preferred routes termed flyways. These routes typically follow mountain ranges or coastlines, sometimes rivers, and may take advantage of updrafts and other wind patterns or avoid geographical barriers such as... | What is a common pattern in North America migration? | {
"text": [
"clockwise"
],
"answer_start": [
540
]
} |
5705fb9e52bb89140068975e | Bird_migration | Most migrations begin with the birds starting off in a broad front. Often, this front narrows into one or more preferred routes termed flyways. These routes typically follow mountain ranges or coastlines, sometimes rivers, and may take advantage of updrafts and other wind patterns or avoid geographical barriers such as... | What are the preferred routes for migration called? | {
"text": [
"flyways"
],
"answer_start": [
135
]
} |
5705fc5b75f01819005e7830 | Bird_migration | Many, if not most, birds migrate in flocks. For larger birds, flying in flocks reduces the energy cost. Geese in a V-formation may conserve 12–20% of the energy they would need to fly alone. Red knots Calidris canutus and dunlins Calidris alpina were found in radar studies to fly 5 km/h (3.1 mph) faster in flocks than ... | How do most birds migrate? | {
"text": [
"in flocks"
],
"answer_start": [
33
]
} |
5705fc5b75f01819005e7831 | Bird_migration | Many, if not most, birds migrate in flocks. For larger birds, flying in flocks reduces the energy cost. Geese in a V-formation may conserve 12–20% of the energy they would need to fly alone. Red knots Calidris canutus and dunlins Calidris alpina were found in radar studies to fly 5 km/h (3.1 mph) faster in flocks than ... | How much energy do geese conserve flying in a flock? | {
"text": [
"12–20%"
],
"answer_start": [
140
]
} |
5705fc5b75f01819005e7832 | Bird_migration | Many, if not most, birds migrate in flocks. For larger birds, flying in flocks reduces the energy cost. Geese in a V-formation may conserve 12–20% of the energy they would need to fly alone. Red knots Calidris canutus and dunlins Calidris alpina were found in radar studies to fly 5 km/h (3.1 mph) faster in flocks than ... | How much faster do Red knots and dunlins fly in a flock? | {
"text": [
"3.1 mph"
],
"answer_start": [
289
]
} |
5705fc5b75f01819005e7833 | Bird_migration | Many, if not most, birds migrate in flocks. For larger birds, flying in flocks reduces the energy cost. Geese in a V-formation may conserve 12–20% of the energy they would need to fly alone. Red knots Calidris canutus and dunlins Calidris alpina were found in radar studies to fly 5 km/h (3.1 mph) faster in flocks than ... | How do birds conserve energy? | {
"text": [
"a V-formation"
],
"answer_start": [
113
]
} |
5705fc5b75f01819005e7834 | Bird_migration | Many, if not most, birds migrate in flocks. For larger birds, flying in flocks reduces the energy cost. Geese in a V-formation may conserve 12–20% of the energy they would need to fly alone. Red knots Calidris canutus and dunlins Calidris alpina were found in radar studies to fly 5 km/h (3.1 mph) faster in flocks than ... | What does flying in flocks reduce? | {
"text": [
"energy cost"
],
"answer_start": [
91
]
} |
5706017552bb89140068978e | Bird_migration | Birds fly at varying altitudes during migration. An expedition to Mt. Everest found skeletons of northern pintail Anas acuta and black-tailed godwit Limosa limosa at 5,000 m (16,000 ft) on the Khumbu Glacier. Bar-headed geese Anser indicus have been recorded by GPS flying at up to 6,540 metres (21,460 ft) while crossin... | What part of birds was found on an expedition to Mt. Everest? | {
"text": [
"skeletons"
],
"answer_start": [
84
]
} |
5706017552bb89140068978f | Bird_migration | Birds fly at varying altitudes during migration. An expedition to Mt. Everest found skeletons of northern pintail Anas acuta and black-tailed godwit Limosa limosa at 5,000 m (16,000 ft) on the Khumbu Glacier. Bar-headed geese Anser indicus have been recorded by GPS flying at up to 6,540 metres (21,460 ft) while crossin... | Which birds have the highest rates of climb to altitude? | {
"text": [
"Bar-headed geese Anser indicus"
],
"answer_start": [
209
]
} |
5706017552bb891400689790 | Bird_migration | Birds fly at varying altitudes during migration. An expedition to Mt. Everest found skeletons of northern pintail Anas acuta and black-tailed godwit Limosa limosa at 5,000 m (16,000 ft) on the Khumbu Glacier. Bar-headed geese Anser indicus have been recorded by GPS flying at up to 6,540 metres (21,460 ft) while crossin... | What kind of birds fly low over water? | {
"text": [
"Seabirds"
],
"answer_start": [
518
]
} |
5706017552bb891400689791 | Bird_migration | Birds fly at varying altitudes during migration. An expedition to Mt. Everest found skeletons of northern pintail Anas acuta and black-tailed godwit Limosa limosa at 5,000 m (16,000 ft) on the Khumbu Glacier. Bar-headed geese Anser indicus have been recorded by GPS flying at up to 6,540 metres (21,460 ft) while crossin... | What altitude range is most migration recorded? | {
"text": [
"150 to 600 m"
],
"answer_start": [
677
]
} |
5706017552bb891400689792 | Bird_migration | Birds fly at varying altitudes during migration. An expedition to Mt. Everest found skeletons of northern pintail Anas acuta and black-tailed godwit Limosa limosa at 5,000 m (16,000 ft) on the Khumbu Glacier. Bar-headed geese Anser indicus have been recorded by GPS flying at up to 6,540 metres (21,460 ft) while crossin... | Where do most in air collisions occur? | {
"text": [
"below 600 m"
],
"answer_start": [
788
]
} |
5706021475f01819005e7864 | Bird_migration | Bird migration is not limited to birds that can fly. Most species of penguin (Spheniscidae) migrate by swimming. These routes can cover over 1,000 km (620 mi). Dusky grouse Dendragapus obscurus perform altitudinal migration mostly by walking. Emus Dromaius novaehollandiae in Australia have been observed to undertake lo... | How do penguins migrate? | {
"text": [
"by swimming"
],
"answer_start": [
100
]
} |
5706021475f01819005e7865 | Bird_migration | Bird migration is not limited to birds that can fly. Most species of penguin (Spheniscidae) migrate by swimming. These routes can cover over 1,000 km (620 mi). Dusky grouse Dendragapus obscurus perform altitudinal migration mostly by walking. Emus Dromaius novaehollandiae in Australia have been observed to undertake lo... | How far do penguins travel when they migrate? | {
"text": [
"over 1,000 km"
],
"answer_start": [
136
]
} |
5706021475f01819005e7866 | Bird_migration | Bird migration is not limited to birds that can fly. Most species of penguin (Spheniscidae) migrate by swimming. These routes can cover over 1,000 km (620 mi). Dusky grouse Dendragapus obscurus perform altitudinal migration mostly by walking. Emus Dromaius novaehollandiae in Australia have been observed to undertake lo... | How do Dusky grouse migrate? | {
"text": [
"mostly by walking"
],
"answer_start": [
224
]
} |
5706021475f01819005e7867 | Bird_migration | Bird migration is not limited to birds that can fly. Most species of penguin (Spheniscidae) migrate by swimming. These routes can cover over 1,000 km (620 mi). Dusky grouse Dendragapus obscurus perform altitudinal migration mostly by walking. Emus Dromaius novaehollandiae in Australia have been observed to undertake lo... | How do Emus migrate long distances during droughts? | {
"text": [
"on foot"
],
"answer_start": [
342
]
} |
5706021475f01819005e7868 | Bird_migration | Bird migration is not limited to birds that can fly. Most species of penguin (Spheniscidae) migrate by swimming. These routes can cover over 1,000 km (620 mi). Dusky grouse Dendragapus obscurus perform altitudinal migration mostly by walking. Emus Dromaius novaehollandiae in Australia have been observed to undertake lo... | Where are Emus from? | {
"text": [
"Australia"
],
"answer_start": [
276
]
} |
570602f875f01819005e786e | Bird_migration | The typical image of migration is of northern landbirds, such as swallows (Hirundinidae) and birds of prey, making long flights to the tropics. However, many Holarctic wildfowl and finch (Fringillidae) species winter in the North Temperate Zone, in regions with milder winters than their summer breeding grounds. For exa... | Where do the pink-footed goose migrate? | {
"text": [
"from Iceland to Britain"
],
"answer_start": [
378
]
} |
570602f875f01819005e786f | Bird_migration | The typical image of migration is of northern landbirds, such as swallows (Hirundinidae) and birds of prey, making long flights to the tropics. However, many Holarctic wildfowl and finch (Fringillidae) species winter in the North Temperate Zone, in regions with milder winters than their summer breeding grounds. For exa... | Where do the dark-eyed junco migrate? | {
"text": [
"arctic climates to the contiguous United States"
],
"answer_start": [
500
]
} |
570602f875f01819005e7870 | Bird_migration | The typical image of migration is of northern landbirds, such as swallows (Hirundinidae) and birds of prey, making long flights to the tropics. However, many Holarctic wildfowl and finch (Fringillidae) species winter in the North Temperate Zone, in regions with milder winters than their summer breeding grounds. For exa... | Where do the European pied flycatcher breed? | {
"text": [
"Asia and Europe"
],
"answer_start": [
992
]
} |
570602f875f01819005e7871 | Bird_migration | The typical image of migration is of northern landbirds, such as swallows (Hirundinidae) and birds of prey, making long flights to the tropics. However, many Holarctic wildfowl and finch (Fringillidae) species winter in the North Temperate Zone, in regions with milder winters than their summer breeding grounds. For exa... | Where does the European pied flycatcher spend the winter? | {
"text": [
"Africa"
],
"answer_start": [
1025
]
} |
570602f875f01819005e7872 | Bird_migration | The typical image of migration is of northern landbirds, such as swallows (Hirundinidae) and birds of prey, making long flights to the tropics. However, many Holarctic wildfowl and finch (Fringillidae) species winter in the North Temperate Zone, in regions with milder winters than their summer breeding grounds. For exa... | How do young learn migratory routes? | {
"text": [
"during their first migration with their parents"
],
"answer_start": [
750
]
} |
5706046752bb8914006897aa | Bird_migration | Often, the migration route of a long-distance migrator bird doesn't follow a straight line between breeding and wintering grounds. Rather, it could follow an hooked or arched line, with detours around geographical barriers. For most land-birds, such barriers could consist in seas, large water bodies or high mountain ra... | What route does a migrating bird usually follow? | {
"text": [
"an hooked or arched line"
],
"answer_start": [
155
]
} |
5706046752bb8914006897ab | Bird_migration | Often, the migration route of a long-distance migrator bird doesn't follow a straight line between breeding and wintering grounds. Rather, it could follow an hooked or arched line, with detours around geographical barriers. For most land-birds, such barriers could consist in seas, large water bodies or high mountain ra... | What geographical barriers to land birds try to avoid? | {
"text": [
"large water bodies or high mountain ranges"
],
"answer_start": [
282
]
} |
5706046752bb8914006897ac | Bird_migration | Often, the migration route of a long-distance migrator bird doesn't follow a straight line between breeding and wintering grounds. Rather, it could follow an hooked or arched line, with detours around geographical barriers. For most land-birds, such barriers could consist in seas, large water bodies or high mountain ra... | Why do migrating land birds avoid large water bodies or mountain ranges? | {
"text": [
"the lack of stopover or feeding sites"
],
"answer_start": [
337
]
} |
5706046752bb8914006897ad | Bird_migration | Often, the migration route of a long-distance migrator bird doesn't follow a straight line between breeding and wintering grounds. Rather, it could follow an hooked or arched line, with detours around geographical barriers. For most land-birds, such barriers could consist in seas, large water bodies or high mountain ra... | Why do broad winged birds avoid geographical barriers? | {
"text": [
"lack of thermal columns"
],
"answer_start": [
383
]
} |
5706057875f01819005e788c | Bird_migration | The same considerations about barriers and detours that apply to long-distance land-bird migration apply to water birds, but in reverse: a large area of land without bodies of water that offer feeding sites may also be a barrier to a bird that feeds in coastal waters. Detours avoiding such barriers are observed: for ex... | What do water birds avoid while migrating? | {
"text": [
"a large area of land without bodies of water"
],
"answer_start": [
137
]
} |
5706057875f01819005e788d | Bird_migration | The same considerations about barriers and detours that apply to long-distance land-bird migration apply to water birds, but in reverse: a large area of land without bodies of water that offer feeding sites may also be a barrier to a bird that feeds in coastal waters. Detours avoiding such barriers are observed: for ex... | Where do brent geese migrate from? | {
"text": [
"the Taymyr Peninsula"
],
"answer_start": [
370
]
} |
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