id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 217 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
5706c6bf0eeca41400aa0e27 | Bird_migration | It has been possible to teach a migration route to a flock of birds, for example in re-introduction schemes. After a trial with Canada geese Branta canadensis, microlight aircraft were used in the US to teach safe migration routes to reintroduced whooping cranes Grus americana. | What is a re-introduction scheme? | {
"text": [
"to teach a migration route to a flock of birds"
],
"answer_start": [
21
]
} |
5706c6bf0eeca41400aa0e28 | Bird_migration | It has been possible to teach a migration route to a flock of birds, for example in re-introduction schemes. After a trial with Canada geese Branta canadensis, microlight aircraft were used in the US to teach safe migration routes to reintroduced whooping cranes Grus americana. | What did they use to teach birds a migration route? | {
"text": [
"microlight aircraft"
],
"answer_start": [
160
]
} |
5706c6bf0eeca41400aa0e29 | Bird_migration | It has been possible to teach a migration route to a flock of birds, for example in re-introduction schemes. After a trial with Canada geese Branta canadensis, microlight aircraft were used in the US to teach safe migration routes to reintroduced whooping cranes Grus americana. | Which birds did they reintroduce to the US? | {
"text": [
"whooping cranes"
],
"answer_start": [
247
]
} |
5706c6bf0eeca41400aa0e2a | Bird_migration | It has been possible to teach a migration route to a flock of birds, for example in re-introduction schemes. After a trial with Canada geese Branta canadensis, microlight aircraft were used in the US to teach safe migration routes to reintroduced whooping cranes Grus americana. | Which birds did they use as a trial run? | {
"text": [
"Canada geese"
],
"answer_start": [
128
]
} |
5706c7a52eaba6190074ad02 | Bird_migration | Birds need to alter their metabolism in order to meet the demands of migration. The storage of energy through the accumulation of fat and the control of sleep in nocturnal migrants require special physiological adaptations. In addition, the feathers of a bird suffer from wear-and-tear and require to be molted. The timi... | What do birds need to change to meet the demands of migration? | {
"text": [
"their metabolism"
],
"answer_start": [
20
]
} |
5706c7a52eaba6190074ad03 | Bird_migration | Birds need to alter their metabolism in order to meet the demands of migration. The storage of energy through the accumulation of fat and the control of sleep in nocturnal migrants require special physiological adaptations. In addition, the feathers of a bird suffer from wear-and-tear and require to be molted. The timi... | How often do birds molt? | {
"text": [
"usually once a year"
],
"answer_start": [
338
]
} |
5706c7a52eaba6190074ad04 | Bird_migration | Birds need to alter their metabolism in order to meet the demands of migration. The storage of energy through the accumulation of fat and the control of sleep in nocturnal migrants require special physiological adaptations. In addition, the feathers of a bird suffer from wear-and-tear and require to be molted. The timi... | How do birds store energy? | {
"text": [
"through the accumulation of fat and the control of sleep"
],
"answer_start": [
102
]
} |
5706c7a52eaba6190074ad05 | Bird_migration | Birds need to alter their metabolism in order to meet the demands of migration. The storage of energy through the accumulation of fat and the control of sleep in nocturnal migrants require special physiological adaptations. In addition, the feathers of a bird suffer from wear-and-tear and require to be molted. The timi... | Why do birds need to molt? | {
"text": [
"feathers of a bird suffer from wear-and-tear"
],
"answer_start": [
241
]
} |
5706c7a52eaba6190074ad06 | Bird_migration | Birds need to alter their metabolism in order to meet the demands of migration. The storage of energy through the accumulation of fat and the control of sleep in nocturnal migrants require special physiological adaptations. In addition, the feathers of a bird suffer from wear-and-tear and require to be molted. The timi... | When do birds molt? | {
"text": [
"varies with some species"
],
"answer_start": [
380
]
} |
5706cfe02eaba6190074ad14 | Bird_migration | Migration in birds is highly labile and is believed to have developed independently in many avian lineages. While it is agreed that the behavioral and physiological adaptations necessary for migration are under genetic control, some authors have argued that no genetic change is necessary for migratory behavior to devel... | How was migration developed? | {
"text": [
"independently"
],
"answer_start": [
70
]
} |
5706cfe02eaba6190074ad15 | Bird_migration | Migration in birds is highly labile and is believed to have developed independently in many avian lineages. While it is agreed that the behavioral and physiological adaptations necessary for migration are under genetic control, some authors have argued that no genetic change is necessary for migratory behavior to devel... | What is highly labile? | {
"text": [
"Migration in birds"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
5706cfe02eaba6190074ad16 | Bird_migration | Migration in birds is highly labile and is believed to have developed independently in many avian lineages. While it is agreed that the behavioral and physiological adaptations necessary for migration are under genetic control, some authors have argued that no genetic change is necessary for migratory behavior to devel... | What causes the behavioral adaptations necessary for migration? | {
"text": [
"genetic control"
],
"answer_start": [
211
]
} |
5706cfe02eaba6190074ad17 | Bird_migration | Migration in birds is highly labile and is believed to have developed independently in many avian lineages. While it is agreed that the behavioral and physiological adaptations necessary for migration are under genetic control, some authors have argued that no genetic change is necessary for migratory behavior to devel... | What exists in nearly all avian lineages? | {
"text": [
"genetic framework for migratory behavior"
],
"answer_start": [
358
]
} |
5706d7150eeca41400aa0e69 | Bird_migration | Theoretical analyses show that detours that increase flight distance by up to 20% will often be adaptive on aerodynamic grounds - a bird that loads itself with food to cross a long barrier flies less efficiently. However some species show circuitous migratory routes that reflect historical range expansions and are far ... | What percentage increase in flight distance will often be adaptive? | {
"text": [
"20%"
],
"answer_start": [
78
]
} |
5706d7150eeca41400aa0e6a | Bird_migration | Theoretical analyses show that detours that increase flight distance by up to 20% will often be adaptive on aerodynamic grounds - a bird that loads itself with food to cross a long barrier flies less efficiently. However some species show circuitous migratory routes that reflect historical range expansions and are far ... | What kind of bird flies less efficiently? | {
"text": [
"a bird that loads itself with food"
],
"answer_start": [
130
]
} |
5706d7150eeca41400aa0e6b | Bird_migration | Theoretical analyses show that detours that increase flight distance by up to 20% will often be adaptive on aerodynamic grounds - a bird that loads itself with food to cross a long barrier flies less efficiently. However some species show circuitous migratory routes that reflect historical range expansions and are far ... | What type of bird show circuitous migratory routes? | {
"text": [
"Swainson's thrush"
],
"answer_start": [
412
]
} |
5706d7150eeca41400aa0e6c | Bird_migration | Theoretical analyses show that detours that increase flight distance by up to 20% will often be adaptive on aerodynamic grounds - a bird that loads itself with food to cross a long barrier flies less efficiently. However some species show circuitous migratory routes that reflect historical range expansions and are far ... | Where do Swainson's thrush fly from? | {
"text": [
"far east across North America"
],
"answer_start": [
460
]
} |
5706d7962eaba6190074ad30 | Bird_migration | Large scale climatic changes, as have been experienced in the past, are expected to have an effect on the timing of migration. Studies have shown a variety of effects including timing changes in migration, breeding as well as population variations. | What is expected to have an effect on migration timing? | {
"text": [
"climatic changes"
],
"answer_start": [
12
]
} |
5706d7962eaba6190074ad31 | Bird_migration | Large scale climatic changes, as have been experienced in the past, are expected to have an effect on the timing of migration. Studies have shown a variety of effects including timing changes in migration, breeding as well as population variations. | What have studies shown regarding climate change? | {
"text": [
"timing changes in migration"
],
"answer_start": [
177
]
} |
5706d7962eaba6190074ad32 | Bird_migration | Large scale climatic changes, as have been experienced in the past, are expected to have an effect on the timing of migration. Studies have shown a variety of effects including timing changes in migration, breeding as well as population variations. | What else is climate change been shown to change? | {
"text": [
"breeding as well as population variations"
],
"answer_start": [
206
]
} |
5706d83b0eeca41400aa0e71 | Bird_migration | The migration of birds also aids the movement of other species, including those of ectoparasites such as ticks and lice, which in turn may carry micro-organisms including those of concern to human health. Due to the global spread of avian influenza, bird migration has been studied as a possible mechanism of disease tra... | What other species does migration help? | {
"text": [
"ectoparasites such as ticks and lice"
],
"answer_start": [
83
]
} |
5706d83b0eeca41400aa0e72 | Bird_migration | The migration of birds also aids the movement of other species, including those of ectoparasites such as ticks and lice, which in turn may carry micro-organisms including those of concern to human health. Due to the global spread of avian influenza, bird migration has been studied as a possible mechanism of disease tra... | What is a greater threat of disease transmission? | {
"text": [
"import of pet and domestic birds"
],
"answer_start": [
384
]
} |
5706d83b0eeca41400aa0e73 | Bird_migration | The migration of birds also aids the movement of other species, including those of ectoparasites such as ticks and lice, which in turn may carry micro-organisms including those of concern to human health. Due to the global spread of avian influenza, bird migration has been studied as a possible mechanism of disease tra... | What has been studied as a mechanism of disease transmission? | {
"text": [
"bird migration"
],
"answer_start": [
250
]
} |
5706d83b0eeca41400aa0e74 | Bird_migration | The migration of birds also aids the movement of other species, including those of ectoparasites such as ticks and lice, which in turn may carry micro-organisms including those of concern to human health. Due to the global spread of avian influenza, bird migration has been studied as a possible mechanism of disease tra... | What has a role in the dispersal of propagules of plants and plankton? | {
"text": [
"Birds"
],
"answer_start": [
574
]
} |
5706d83b0eeca41400aa0e75 | Bird_migration | The migration of birds also aids the movement of other species, including those of ectoparasites such as ticks and lice, which in turn may carry micro-organisms including those of concern to human health. Due to the global spread of avian influenza, bird migration has been studied as a possible mechanism of disease tra... | What virus is maintained in birds without lethal effects? | {
"text": [
"West Nile Virus"
],
"answer_start": [
516
]
} |
5706d88c0eeca41400aa0e7b | Bird_migration | Some predators take advantage of the concentration of birds during migration. Greater noctule bats feed on nocturnal migrating passerines. Some birds of prey specialize on migrating waders. | Who takes advantage of migrating birds? | {
"text": [
"Greater noctule bats"
],
"answer_start": [
78
]
} |
5706d88c0eeca41400aa0e7c | Bird_migration | Some predators take advantage of the concentration of birds during migration. Greater noctule bats feed on nocturnal migrating passerines. Some birds of prey specialize on migrating waders. | What do greater noctule bats feed on? | {
"text": [
"nocturnal migrating passerines"
],
"answer_start": [
107
]
} |
5706d88c0eeca41400aa0e7d | Bird_migration | Some predators take advantage of the concentration of birds during migration. Greater noctule bats feed on nocturnal migrating passerines. Some birds of prey specialize on migrating waders. | What do some birds of prey specialize on? | {
"text": [
"migrating waders"
],
"answer_start": [
172
]
} |
5706d9820eeca41400aa0e81 | Bird_migration | Bird migration routes have been studied by a variety of techniques including the oldest, marking. Swans have been marked with a nick on the beak since about 1560 in England. Scientific ringing was pioneered by Hans Christian Cornelius Mortensen in 1899. Other techniques include radar and satellite tracking. | What is the oldest way to study migration? | {
"text": [
"marking"
],
"answer_start": [
89
]
} |
5706d9820eeca41400aa0e82 | Bird_migration | Bird migration routes have been studied by a variety of techniques including the oldest, marking. Swans have been marked with a nick on the beak since about 1560 in England. Scientific ringing was pioneered by Hans Christian Cornelius Mortensen in 1899. Other techniques include radar and satellite tracking. | How have swans been marked? | {
"text": [
"a nick on the beak"
],
"answer_start": [
126
]
} |
5706d9820eeca41400aa0e83 | Bird_migration | Bird migration routes have been studied by a variety of techniques including the oldest, marking. Swans have been marked with a nick on the beak since about 1560 in England. Scientific ringing was pioneered by Hans Christian Cornelius Mortensen in 1899. Other techniques include radar and satellite tracking. | Since when have swans been marked? | {
"text": [
"1560"
],
"answer_start": [
157
]
} |
5706d9820eeca41400aa0e84 | Bird_migration | Bird migration routes have been studied by a variety of techniques including the oldest, marking. Swans have been marked with a nick on the beak since about 1560 in England. Scientific ringing was pioneered by Hans Christian Cornelius Mortensen in 1899. Other techniques include radar and satellite tracking. | Who was scientific ringing pioneered by? | {
"text": [
"Hans Christian Cornelius Mortensen"
],
"answer_start": [
210
]
} |
5706d9820eeca41400aa0e85 | Bird_migration | Bird migration routes have been studied by a variety of techniques including the oldest, marking. Swans have been marked with a nick on the beak since about 1560 in England. Scientific ringing was pioneered by Hans Christian Cornelius Mortensen in 1899. Other techniques include radar and satellite tracking. | What are other forms of studying migration? | {
"text": [
"radar and satellite tracking"
],
"answer_start": [
279
]
} |
5706f6a190286e26004fc76d | Bird_migration | Orientation behaviour studies have been traditionally carried out using variants of a setup known as the Emlen funnel, which consists of a circular cage with the top covered by glass or wire-screen so that either the sky is visible or the setup is placed in a planetarium or with other controls on environmental cues. Th... | How are orientation behavior studies traditionally carried out? | {
"text": [
"the Emlen funnel"
],
"answer_start": [
101
]
} |
5706f6a190286e26004fc76e | Bird_migration | Orientation behaviour studies have been traditionally carried out using variants of a setup known as the Emlen funnel, which consists of a circular cage with the top covered by glass or wire-screen so that either the sky is visible or the setup is placed in a planetarium or with other controls on environmental cues. Th... | What shape is the cage in the Emlen funnel? | {
"text": [
"circular"
],
"answer_start": [
139
]
} |
5706f6a190286e26004fc76f | Bird_migration | Orientation behaviour studies have been traditionally carried out using variants of a setup known as the Emlen funnel, which consists of a circular cage with the top covered by glass or wire-screen so that either the sky is visible or the setup is placed in a planetarium or with other controls on environmental cues. Th... | What is studied quantitatively inside the cage? | {
"text": [
"The orientation behaviour"
],
"answer_start": [
318
]
} |
5706f6a190286e26004fc770 | Bird_migration | Orientation behaviour studies have been traditionally carried out using variants of a setup known as the Emlen funnel, which consists of a circular cage with the top covered by glass or wire-screen so that either the sky is visible or the setup is placed in a planetarium or with other controls on environmental cues. Th... | What does the bird leave on the walls of the cage? | {
"text": [
"marks"
],
"answer_start": [
424
]
} |
5706f6a190286e26004fc771 | Bird_migration | Orientation behaviour studies have been traditionally carried out using variants of a setup known as the Emlen funnel, which consists of a circular cage with the top covered by glass or wire-screen so that either the sky is visible or the setup is placed in a planetarium or with other controls on environmental cues. Th... | Where does the homing pigeon vanish? | {
"text": [
"on the horizon"
],
"answer_start": [
577
]
} |
5706fac590286e26004fc791 | Bird_migration | Hunting along migration routes threatens some bird species. The populations of Siberian cranes (Leucogeranus leucogeranus) that wintered in India declined due to hunting along the route, particularly in Afghanistan and Central Asia. Birds were last seen in their favourite wintering grounds in Keoladeo National Park in ... | What threatens some bird species? | {
"text": [
"Hunting along migration routes"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
5706fac590286e26004fc792 | Bird_migration | Hunting along migration routes threatens some bird species. The populations of Siberian cranes (Leucogeranus leucogeranus) that wintered in India declined due to hunting along the route, particularly in Afghanistan and Central Asia. Birds were last seen in their favourite wintering grounds in Keoladeo National Park in ... | What species declined due to hunting in Afghanistand and Asia? | {
"text": [
"Siberian cranes"
],
"answer_start": [
79
]
} |
5706fac590286e26004fc793 | Bird_migration | Hunting along migration routes threatens some bird species. The populations of Siberian cranes (Leucogeranus leucogeranus) that wintered in India declined due to hunting along the route, particularly in Afghanistan and Central Asia. Birds were last seen in their favourite wintering grounds in Keoladeo National Park in ... | When were birds last seen in Keoladeo National Park? | {
"text": [
"2002"
],
"answer_start": [
320
]
} |
5706fac590286e26004fc794 | Bird_migration | Hunting along migration routes threatens some bird species. The populations of Siberian cranes (Leucogeranus leucogeranus) that wintered in India declined due to hunting along the route, particularly in Afghanistan and Central Asia. Birds were last seen in their favourite wintering grounds in Keoladeo National Park in ... | What can power lines, wind farms and oil rigs affect? | {
"text": [
"migratory birds"
],
"answer_start": [
422
]
} |
5706fac590286e26004fc795 | Bird_migration | Hunting along migration routes threatens some bird species. The populations of Siberian cranes (Leucogeranus leucogeranus) that wintered in India declined due to hunting along the route, particularly in Afghanistan and Central Asia. Birds were last seen in their favourite wintering grounds in Keoladeo National Park in ... | What are other migration hazards? | {
"text": [
"pollution, storms, wildfires, and habitat destruction"
],
"answer_start": [
471
]
} |
5706070375f01819005e78a4 | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | It is on Absecon Island, on the Atlantic coast. Atlantic City was incorporated on May 1, 1854, from portions of Egg Harbor Township and Galloway Township. The city borders Absecon, Brigantine, Pleasantville, Ventnor City and West Atlantic City. | What is the name of the island on which Atlantic City is located? | {
"text": [
"Absecon Island"
],
"answer_start": [
9
]
} |
5706070375f01819005e78a5 | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | It is on Absecon Island, on the Atlantic coast. Atlantic City was incorporated on May 1, 1854, from portions of Egg Harbor Township and Galloway Township. The city borders Absecon, Brigantine, Pleasantville, Ventnor City and West Atlantic City. | In what year was Atlantic City incorporated? | {
"text": [
"1854"
],
"answer_start": [
89
]
} |
5706070375f01819005e78a6 | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | It is on Absecon Island, on the Atlantic coast. Atlantic City was incorporated on May 1, 1854, from portions of Egg Harbor Township and Galloway Township. The city borders Absecon, Brigantine, Pleasantville, Ventnor City and West Atlantic City. | What are the names of the two townships that became part of Atlantic City when it was incorporated? | {
"text": [
"Egg Harbor Township and Galloway Township"
],
"answer_start": [
112
]
} |
5706070375f01819005e78a7 | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | It is on Absecon Island, on the Atlantic coast. Atlantic City was incorporated on May 1, 1854, from portions of Egg Harbor Township and Galloway Township. The city borders Absecon, Brigantine, Pleasantville, Ventnor City and West Atlantic City. | How many other towns share a border with Atlantic City? | {
"text": [
"Absecon, Brigantine, Pleasantville, Ventnor City and West Atlantic City"
],
"answer_start": [
172
]
} |
5706070375f01819005e78a8 | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | It is on Absecon Island, on the Atlantic coast. Atlantic City was incorporated on May 1, 1854, from portions of Egg Harbor Township and Galloway Township. The city borders Absecon, Brigantine, Pleasantville, Ventnor City and West Atlantic City. | Which coast is Atlantic City located on? | {
"text": [
"Atlantic"
],
"answer_start": [
32
]
} |
5706099a52bb8914006897e8 | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | Because of its location in South Jersey, hugging the Atlantic Ocean between marshlands and islands, Atlantic City was viewed by developers as prime real estate and a potential resort town. In 1853, the first commercial hotel, The Belloe House, located at Massachusetts and Atlantic Avenue, was built. | What is the name of the first commercial hotel built in Atlantic City? | {
"text": [
"The Belloe House"
],
"answer_start": [
226
]
} |
5706099a52bb8914006897e9 | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | Because of its location in South Jersey, hugging the Atlantic Ocean between marshlands and islands, Atlantic City was viewed by developers as prime real estate and a potential resort town. In 1853, the first commercial hotel, The Belloe House, located at Massachusetts and Atlantic Avenue, was built. | In what year was the first commercial hotel built in Atlantic City? | {
"text": [
"1853"
],
"answer_start": [
192
]
} |
5706099a52bb8914006897ea | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | Because of its location in South Jersey, hugging the Atlantic Ocean between marshlands and islands, Atlantic City was viewed by developers as prime real estate and a potential resort town. In 1853, the first commercial hotel, The Belloe House, located at Massachusetts and Atlantic Avenue, was built. | What are the names of the two avenues at which The Belloe House is located? | {
"text": [
"Massachusetts and Atlantic Avenue"
],
"answer_start": [
255
]
} |
5706099a52bb8914006897eb | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | Because of its location in South Jersey, hugging the Atlantic Ocean between marshlands and islands, Atlantic City was viewed by developers as prime real estate and a potential resort town. In 1853, the first commercial hotel, The Belloe House, located at Massachusetts and Atlantic Avenue, was built. | What are the two geographical features that Atlantic City is located between? | {
"text": [
"marshlands and islands"
],
"answer_start": [
76
]
} |
5706099a52bb8914006897ec | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | Because of its location in South Jersey, hugging the Atlantic Ocean between marshlands and islands, Atlantic City was viewed by developers as prime real estate and a potential resort town. In 1853, the first commercial hotel, The Belloe House, located at Massachusetts and Atlantic Avenue, was built. | What were the two potential aspects of Atlantic City that originally attracted developers? | {
"text": [
"prime real estate and a potential resort town"
],
"answer_start": [
142
]
} |
57060b8852bb8914006897ff | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | The city was incorporated in 1854, the same year in which the Camden and Atlantic Railroad train service began. Built on the edge of the bay, this served as the direct link of this remote parcel of land with Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. That same year, construction of the Absecon Lighthouse, designed by George Meade of ... | What other US city was linked to Atlantic City by the Camden and Atlantic Railroad train service? | {
"text": [
"Philadelphia"
],
"answer_start": [
208
]
} |
57060b8852bb891400689800 | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | The city was incorporated in 1854, the same year in which the Camden and Atlantic Railroad train service began. Built on the edge of the bay, this served as the direct link of this remote parcel of land with Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. That same year, construction of the Absecon Lighthouse, designed by George Meade of ... | By 1874, how many passengers were coming to Atlantic City by rail each year? | {
"text": [
"500,000"
],
"answer_start": [
423
]
} |
57060b8852bb891400689801 | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | The city was incorporated in 1854, the same year in which the Camden and Atlantic Railroad train service began. Built on the edge of the bay, this served as the direct link of this remote parcel of land with Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. That same year, construction of the Absecon Lighthouse, designed by George Meade of ... | What is the name of the lighthouse that is located on the Atlantic City coast? | {
"text": [
"Absecon Lighthouse"
],
"answer_start": [
272
]
} |
57060b8852bb891400689802 | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | The city was incorporated in 1854, the same year in which the Camden and Atlantic Railroad train service began. Built on the edge of the bay, this served as the direct link of this remote parcel of land with Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. That same year, construction of the Absecon Lighthouse, designed by George Meade of ... | Who is considered to be "Atlantic City's Godfather?" | {
"text": [
"Nelson Johnson"
],
"answer_start": [
592
]
} |
57060d1275f01819005e78fc | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | The first boardwalk was built in 1870 along a portion of the beach in an effort to help hotel owners keep sand out of their lobbies. Businesses were restricted and the boardwalk was removed each year at the end of the peak season. Because of its effectiveness and popularity, the boardwalk was expanded in length and wid... | In what year was the first boardwalk built in Atlantic City? | {
"text": [
"1870"
],
"answer_start": [
33
]
} |
57060d1275f01819005e78fd | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | The first boardwalk was built in 1870 along a portion of the beach in an effort to help hotel owners keep sand out of their lobbies. Businesses were restricted and the boardwalk was removed each year at the end of the peak season. Because of its effectiveness and popularity, the boardwalk was expanded in length and wid... | Why was the first boardwalk built in Atlantic City? | {
"text": [
"to help hotel owners keep sand out of their lobbies"
],
"answer_start": [
80
]
} |
57060d1275f01819005e78fe | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | The first boardwalk was built in 1870 along a portion of the beach in an effort to help hotel owners keep sand out of their lobbies. Businesses were restricted and the boardwalk was removed each year at the end of the peak season. Because of its effectiveness and popularity, the boardwalk was expanded in length and wid... | What year was the Great Atlantic Hurricane? | {
"text": [
"1944"
],
"answer_start": [
433
]
} |
57060d1275f01819005e78ff | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | The first boardwalk was built in 1870 along a portion of the beach in an effort to help hotel owners keep sand out of their lobbies. Businesses were restricted and the boardwalk was removed each year at the end of the peak season. Because of its effectiveness and popularity, the boardwalk was expanded in length and wid... | What was the historic length of the boardwalk before the Great Atlantic Hurricane? | {
"text": [
"about 7 miles"
],
"answer_start": [
468
]
} |
57060d1275f01819005e7900 | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | The first boardwalk was built in 1870 along a portion of the beach in an effort to help hotel owners keep sand out of their lobbies. Businesses were restricted and the boardwalk was removed each year at the end of the peak season. Because of its effectiveness and popularity, the boardwalk was expanded in length and wid... | Before the Great Atlantic Hurricane the boardwalk extended from Atlantic City to what other city? | {
"text": [
"Longport"
],
"answer_start": [
528
]
} |
57060ece75f01819005e791a | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | The first road connecting the city to the mainland at Pleasantville was completed in 1870 and charged a 30-cent toll. Albany Avenue was the first road to the mainland that was available without a toll. | The first road connected Atlantic City to which mainland town? | {
"text": [
"Pleasantville"
],
"answer_start": [
54
]
} |
57060ece75f01819005e791b | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | The first road connecting the city to the mainland at Pleasantville was completed in 1870 and charged a 30-cent toll. Albany Avenue was the first road to the mainland that was available without a toll. | The first road that connected Atlantic City to the mainland was completed in what year? | {
"text": [
"1870"
],
"answer_start": [
85
]
} |
57060ece75f01819005e791c | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | The first road connecting the city to the mainland at Pleasantville was completed in 1870 and charged a 30-cent toll. Albany Avenue was the first road to the mainland that was available without a toll. | How much of a toll was charged on the first road to connect Atlantic City to the mainland? | {
"text": [
"30-cent"
],
"answer_start": [
104
]
} |
57060ece75f01819005e791d | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | The first road connecting the city to the mainland at Pleasantville was completed in 1870 and charged a 30-cent toll. Albany Avenue was the first road to the mainland that was available without a toll. | What was the name of the first road to the mainland that did not charge a toll? | {
"text": [
"Albany Avenue"
],
"answer_start": [
118
]
} |
5706109452bb891400689842 | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | By 1878, because of the growing popularity of the city, one railroad line could no longer keep up with demand. Soon, the Philadelphia and Atlantic City Railway was also constructed to transport tourists to Atlantic City. At this point massive hotels like The United States and Surf House, as well as smaller rooming hous... | By what year was demand so great that one railroad line could no longer keep up with the demand? | {
"text": [
"1878"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
5706109452bb891400689843 | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | By 1878, because of the growing popularity of the city, one railroad line could no longer keep up with demand. Soon, the Philadelphia and Atlantic City Railway was also constructed to transport tourists to Atlantic City. At this point massive hotels like The United States and Surf House, as well as smaller rooming hous... | What was the name of the new railway that was constructed to transport tourists to Atlantic City after 1878? | {
"text": [
"Philadelphia and Atlantic City Railway"
],
"answer_start": [
121
]
} |
5706109452bb891400689844 | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | By 1878, because of the growing popularity of the city, one railroad line could no longer keep up with demand. Soon, the Philadelphia and Atlantic City Railway was also constructed to transport tourists to Atlantic City. At this point massive hotels like The United States and Surf House, as well as smaller rooming hous... | What was the name of the hotel that took up a full city block? | {
"text": [
"The United States Hotel"
],
"answer_start": [
353
]
} |
5706109452bb891400689845 | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | By 1878, because of the growing popularity of the city, one railroad line could no longer keep up with demand. Soon, the Philadelphia and Atlantic City Railway was also constructed to transport tourists to Atlantic City. At this point massive hotels like The United States and Surf House, as well as smaller rooming hous... | Besides massive hotels, what else was appearing all over Atlantic City during this period? | {
"text": [
"rooming houses"
],
"answer_start": [
308
]
} |
5706109452bb891400689846 | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | By 1878, because of the growing popularity of the city, one railroad line could no longer keep up with demand. Soon, the Philadelphia and Atlantic City Railway was also constructed to transport tourists to Atlantic City. At this point massive hotels like The United States and Surf House, as well as smaller rooming hous... | What were the names of the four avenues that surrounded The United States Hotel? | {
"text": [
"Atlantic, Pacific, Delaware, and Maryland Avenues"
],
"answer_start": [
411
]
} |
570612ce52bb891400689854 | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | In the early part of the 20th century, Atlantic City went through a radical building boom. Many of the modest boarding houses that dotted the boardwalk were replaced with large hotels. Two of the city's most distinctive hotels were the Marlborough-Blenheim Hotel and the Traymore Hotel. | When did Atlantic City go through a radical building boom? | {
"text": [
"early part of the 20th century"
],
"answer_start": [
7
]
} |
570612ce52bb891400689855 | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | In the early part of the 20th century, Atlantic City went through a radical building boom. Many of the modest boarding houses that dotted the boardwalk were replaced with large hotels. Two of the city's most distinctive hotels were the Marlborough-Blenheim Hotel and the Traymore Hotel. | What replaced many of the modest boarding houses? | {
"text": [
"large hotels"
],
"answer_start": [
171
]
} |
570612ce52bb891400689856 | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | In the early part of the 20th century, Atlantic City went through a radical building boom. Many of the modest boarding houses that dotted the boardwalk were replaced with large hotels. Two of the city's most distinctive hotels were the Marlborough-Blenheim Hotel and the Traymore Hotel. | What were the names of two of the city's most distinctive hotels? | {
"text": [
"Marlborough-Blenheim Hotel and the Traymore Hotel"
],
"answer_start": [
236
]
} |
570612ce52bb891400689857 | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | In the early part of the 20th century, Atlantic City went through a radical building boom. Many of the modest boarding houses that dotted the boardwalk were replaced with large hotels. Two of the city's most distinctive hotels were the Marlborough-Blenheim Hotel and the Traymore Hotel. | What happened to Atlantic City in the early part of the 20th century? | {
"text": [
"a radical building boom"
],
"answer_start": [
66
]
} |
570612ce52bb891400689858 | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | In the early part of the 20th century, Atlantic City went through a radical building boom. Many of the modest boarding houses that dotted the boardwalk were replaced with large hotels. Two of the city's most distinctive hotels were the Marlborough-Blenheim Hotel and the Traymore Hotel. | Where were the modest boarding houses located before they were replaced by large hotels? | {
"text": [
"the boardwalk"
],
"answer_start": [
138
]
} |
5706143352bb891400689876 | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | In 1903, Josiah White III bought a parcel of land near Ohio Avenue and the boardwalk and built the Queen Anne style Marlborough House. The hotel was a hit and, in 1905–06, he chose to expand the hotel and bought another parcel of land next door to his Marlborough House. In an effort to make his new hotel a source of co... | In what year did Josiah White III by land to build a hotel? | {
"text": [
"1903"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
5706143352bb891400689877 | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | In 1903, Josiah White III bought a parcel of land near Ohio Avenue and the boardwalk and built the Queen Anne style Marlborough House. The hotel was a hit and, in 1905–06, he chose to expand the hotel and bought another parcel of land next door to his Marlborough House. In an effort to make his new hotel a source of co... | What was the name of the hotel built by Josiah White III? | {
"text": [
"Marlborough House"
],
"answer_start": [
116
]
} |
5706143352bb891400689878 | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | In 1903, Josiah White III bought a parcel of land near Ohio Avenue and the boardwalk and built the Queen Anne style Marlborough House. The hotel was a hit and, in 1905–06, he chose to expand the hotel and bought another parcel of land next door to his Marlborough House. In an effort to make his new hotel a source of co... | In what style was the Malborough House buit? | {
"text": [
"Queen Anne"
],
"answer_start": [
99
]
} |
5706143352bb891400689879 | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | In 1903, Josiah White III bought a parcel of land near Ohio Avenue and the boardwalk and built the Queen Anne style Marlborough House. The hotel was a hit and, in 1905–06, he chose to expand the hotel and bought another parcel of land next door to his Marlborough House. In an effort to make his new hotel a source of co... | In what year was reinforced concrete invented? | {
"text": [
"1848"
],
"answer_start": [
490
]
} |
5706143352bb89140068987a | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | In 1903, Josiah White III bought a parcel of land near Ohio Avenue and the boardwalk and built the Queen Anne style Marlborough House. The hotel was a hit and, in 1905–06, he chose to expand the hotel and bought another parcel of land next door to his Marlborough House. In an effort to make his new hotel a source of co... | What was the name of the second hotel built by Josiah White III? | {
"text": [
"Blenheim"
],
"answer_start": [
747
]
} |
5706160975f01819005e7966 | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | The Traymore Hotel was located at the corner of Illinois Avenue and the boardwalk. Begun in 1879 as a small boarding house, the hotel grew through a series of uncoordinated expansions. By 1914, the hotel's owner, Daniel White, taking a hint from the Marlborough-Blenheim, commissioned the firm of Price and McLanahan to ... | What was the name of the hotel located at the corner of Illinois Avenue and the boardwalk? | {
"text": [
"The Traymore Hotel"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
5706160975f01819005e7967 | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | The Traymore Hotel was located at the corner of Illinois Avenue and the boardwalk. Begun in 1879 as a small boarding house, the hotel grew through a series of uncoordinated expansions. By 1914, the hotel's owner, Daniel White, taking a hint from the Marlborough-Blenheim, commissioned the firm of Price and McLanahan to ... | What year was The Traymore Hotel begun? | {
"text": [
"1879"
],
"answer_start": [
92
]
} |
5706160975f01819005e7968 | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | The Traymore Hotel was located at the corner of Illinois Avenue and the boardwalk. Begun in 1879 as a small boarding house, the hotel grew through a series of uncoordinated expansions. By 1914, the hotel's owner, Daniel White, taking a hint from the Marlborough-Blenheim, commissioned the firm of Price and McLanahan to ... | Who was the owner of The Traymore Hotel? | {
"text": [
"Daniel White"
],
"answer_start": [
213
]
} |
5706160975f01819005e7969 | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | The Traymore Hotel was located at the corner of Illinois Avenue and the boardwalk. Begun in 1879 as a small boarding house, the hotel grew through a series of uncoordinated expansions. By 1914, the hotel's owner, Daniel White, taking a hint from the Marlborough-Blenheim, commissioned the firm of Price and McLanahan to ... | How many stories was The Traymore Hotel after its renovation? | {
"text": [
"16"
],
"answer_start": [
355
]
} |
5706160975f01819005e796a | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | The Traymore Hotel was located at the corner of Illinois Avenue and the boardwalk. Begun in 1879 as a small boarding house, the hotel grew through a series of uncoordinated expansions. By 1914, the hotel's owner, Daniel White, taking a hint from the Marlborough-Blenheim, commissioned the firm of Price and McLanahan to ... | What was the name of the firm commissioned to build The Traymore Hotel? | {
"text": [
"Price and McLanahan"
],
"answer_start": [
297
]
} |
5706176852bb89140068989a | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | One by one, additional large hotels were constructed along the boardwalk, including the Brighton, Chelsea, Shelburne, Ambassador, Ritz Carlton, Mayflower, Madison House, and the Breakers. The Quaker-owned Chalfonte House, opened in 1868, and Haddon House, opened in 1869, flanked North Carolina Avenue at the beach end. ... | What year did the Quaker-owned Chalfonte House open? | {
"text": [
"1868"
],
"answer_start": [
232
]
} |
5706176852bb89140068989b | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | One by one, additional large hotels were constructed along the boardwalk, including the Brighton, Chelsea, Shelburne, Ambassador, Ritz Carlton, Mayflower, Madison House, and the Breakers. The Quaker-owned Chalfonte House, opened in 1868, and Haddon House, opened in 1869, flanked North Carolina Avenue at the beach end. ... | What year did the Haddon House open? | {
"text": [
"1869"
],
"answer_start": [
266
]
} |
5706176852bb89140068989c | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | One by one, additional large hotels were constructed along the boardwalk, including the Brighton, Chelsea, Shelburne, Ambassador, Ritz Carlton, Mayflower, Madison House, and the Breakers. The Quaker-owned Chalfonte House, opened in 1868, and Haddon House, opened in 1869, flanked North Carolina Avenue at the beach end. ... | How many stories was the modern Chalfonte Hotel when it opened in 1904? | {
"text": [
"eight"
],
"answer_start": [
456
]
} |
5706176852bb89140068989d | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | One by one, additional large hotels were constructed along the boardwalk, including the Brighton, Chelsea, Shelburne, Ambassador, Ritz Carlton, Mayflower, Madison House, and the Breakers. The Quaker-owned Chalfonte House, opened in 1868, and Haddon House, opened in 1869, flanked North Carolina Avenue at the beach end. ... | How many rooms were in the merged Chalfonte-Haddon Hall Hotel? | {
"text": [
"nearly 1,000"
],
"answer_start": [
718
]
} |
5706176852bb89140068989e | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | One by one, additional large hotels were constructed along the boardwalk, including the Brighton, Chelsea, Shelburne, Ambassador, Ritz Carlton, Mayflower, Madison House, and the Breakers. The Quaker-owned Chalfonte House, opened in 1868, and Haddon House, opened in 1869, flanked North Carolina Avenue at the beach end. ... | What was the name given to the 24 story tall, 400-room Claridge? | {
"text": [
"Skyscraper By The Sea"
],
"answer_start": [
982
]
} |
5706195175f01819005e797a | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | In 1883, salt water taffy was conceived in Atlantic City by David Bradley. The traditional story is that Bradley's shop was flooded after a major storm, soaking his taffy with salty Atlantic Ocean water. He sold some "salt water taffy" to a girl, who proudly walked down to the beach to show her friends. Bradley's mothe... | In what year was salt water taffy conceived? | {
"text": [
"1883"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
5706195175f01819005e797b | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | In 1883, salt water taffy was conceived in Atlantic City by David Bradley. The traditional story is that Bradley's shop was flooded after a major storm, soaking his taffy with salty Atlantic Ocean water. He sold some "salt water taffy" to a girl, who proudly walked down to the beach to show her friends. Bradley's mothe... | Who was the creator of salt water taffy? | {
"text": [
"David Bradley"
],
"answer_start": [
60
]
} |
5706195175f01819005e797c | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | In 1883, salt water taffy was conceived in Atlantic City by David Bradley. The traditional story is that Bradley's shop was flooded after a major storm, soaking his taffy with salty Atlantic Ocean water. He sold some "salt water taffy" to a girl, who proudly walked down to the beach to show her friends. Bradley's mothe... | What happened to David Bradley's shop that led to the creation of salt water taffy? | {
"text": [
"Bradley's shop was flooded after a major storm"
],
"answer_start": [
105
]
} |
5706195175f01819005e797d | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | In 1883, salt water taffy was conceived in Atlantic City by David Bradley. The traditional story is that Bradley's shop was flooded after a major storm, soaking his taffy with salty Atlantic Ocean water. He sold some "salt water taffy" to a girl, who proudly walked down to the beach to show her friends. Bradley's mothe... | Who did Bradley sell salt water taffy to for the first time? | {
"text": [
"a girl"
],
"answer_start": [
239
]
} |
5706195175f01819005e797e | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | In 1883, salt water taffy was conceived in Atlantic City by David Bradley. The traditional story is that Bradley's shop was flooded after a major storm, soaking his taffy with salty Atlantic Ocean water. He sold some "salt water taffy" to a girl, who proudly walked down to the beach to show her friends. Bradley's mothe... | Where did the water come from for the creation of the first salt water taffy? | {
"text": [
"Atlantic Ocean"
],
"answer_start": [
182
]
} |
57061add52bb8914006898ae | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | The 1920s, with tourism at its peak, are considered by many historians as Atlantic City's golden age. During Prohibition, which was enacted nationally in 1919 and lasted until 1933, much liquor was consumed and gambling regularly took place in the back rooms of nightclubs and restaurants. It was during Prohibition that... | What years do many historians consider Atlantic City's golden age? | {
"text": [
"1920s"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} |
57061add52bb8914006898af | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | The 1920s, with tourism at its peak, are considered by many historians as Atlantic City's golden age. During Prohibition, which was enacted nationally in 1919 and lasted until 1933, much liquor was consumed and gambling regularly took place in the back rooms of nightclubs and restaurants. It was during Prohibition that... | What year was Prohibition enacted nationally? | {
"text": [
"1919"
],
"answer_start": [
154
]
} |
57061add52bb8914006898b0 | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | The 1920s, with tourism at its peak, are considered by many historians as Atlantic City's golden age. During Prohibition, which was enacted nationally in 1919 and lasted until 1933, much liquor was consumed and gambling regularly took place in the back rooms of nightclubs and restaurants. It was during Prohibition that... | During Prohibition what name was given to Atlantic City? | {
"text": [
"The World's Playground"
],
"answer_start": [
679
]
} |
57061add52bb8914006898b1 | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | The 1920s, with tourism at its peak, are considered by many historians as Atlantic City's golden age. During Prohibition, which was enacted nationally in 1919 and lasted until 1933, much liquor was consumed and gambling regularly took place in the back rooms of nightclubs and restaurants. It was during Prohibition that... | During Prohibition how high was Nucky Johnson's income? | {
"text": [
"as much as $500,000 annually"
],
"answer_start": [
742
]
} |
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