id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 217 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
5706219a52bb8914006898db | MP3 | In 1991, there were only two proposals available that could be completely assessed for an MPEG audio standard: Musicam (Masking pattern adapted Universal Subband Integrated Coding And Multiplexing) and ASPEC (Adaptive Spectral Perceptual Entropy Coding). The Musicam technique, as proposed by Philips (the Netherlands), ... | Which other quality alongside simplicty was key in selecting this proposal? | {
"text": [
"error robustness"
],
"answer_start": [
415
]
} |
5706219a52bb8914006898dc | MP3 | In 1991, there were only two proposals available that could be completely assessed for an MPEG audio standard: Musicam (Masking pattern adapted Universal Subband Integrated Coding And Multiplexing) and ASPEC (Adaptive Spectral Perceptual Entropy Coding). The Musicam technique, as proposed by Philips (the Netherlands), ... | What was the Musican format based on? | {
"text": [
"sub-band coding"
],
"answer_start": [
564
]
} |
5706233475f01819005e79de | MP3 | Much of its technology and ideas were incorporated into the definition of ISO MPEG Audio Layer I and Layer II and the filter bank alone into Layer III (MP3) format as part of the computationally inefficient hybrid filter bank. Under the chairmanship of Professor Musmann (University of Hannover) the editing of the stand... | What was only incorporated into Layer III and not Layers I or II? | {
"text": [
"filter bank"
],
"answer_start": [
118
]
} |
5706233475f01819005e79df | MP3 | Much of its technology and ideas were incorporated into the definition of ISO MPEG Audio Layer I and Layer II and the filter bank alone into Layer III (MP3) format as part of the computationally inefficient hybrid filter bank. Under the chairmanship of Professor Musmann (University of Hannover) the editing of the stand... | Who was the chair that oversaw the editing of the standard? | {
"text": [
"Professor Musmann"
],
"answer_start": [
253
]
} |
5706233475f01819005e79e0 | MP3 | Much of its technology and ideas were incorporated into the definition of ISO MPEG Audio Layer I and Layer II and the filter bank alone into Layer III (MP3) format as part of the computationally inefficient hybrid filter bank. Under the chairmanship of Professor Musmann (University of Hannover) the editing of the stand... | Who's responsibility was it to edit the standard for Layer I? | {
"text": [
"Leon van de Kerkhof"
],
"answer_start": [
363
]
} |
5706233475f01819005e79e1 | MP3 | Much of its technology and ideas were incorporated into the definition of ISO MPEG Audio Layer I and Layer II and the filter bank alone into Layer III (MP3) format as part of the computationally inefficient hybrid filter bank. Under the chairmanship of Professor Musmann (University of Hannover) the editing of the stand... | Who's responsibility was it to edit the standard for Layer II? | {
"text": [
"Gerhard Stoll"
],
"answer_start": [
397
]
} |
570623ba75f01819005e79e6 | MP3 | ASPEC was the joint proposal of AT&T Bell Laboratories, Thomson Consumer Electronics, Fraunhofer Society and CNET. It provided the highest coding efficiency. | What was the name given to the proposal? | {
"text": [
"ASPEC"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
570623ba75f01819005e79e7 | MP3 | ASPEC was the joint proposal of AT&T Bell Laboratories, Thomson Consumer Electronics, Fraunhofer Society and CNET. It provided the highest coding efficiency. | What did the joint proposal provide? | {
"text": [
"the highest coding efficiency"
],
"answer_start": [
127
]
} |
570623ba75f01819005e79e8 | MP3 | ASPEC was the joint proposal of AT&T Bell Laboratories, Thomson Consumer Electronics, Fraunhofer Society and CNET. It provided the highest coding efficiency. | Other than Thomson Consumer Electronics, Fraunhofer Society and CNET, who else was a part of the joint proposal? | {
"text": [
"AT&T Bell Laboratories"
],
"answer_start": [
32
]
} |
570624f252bb8914006898f6 | MP3 | A working group consisting of Leon van de Kerkhof (The Netherlands), Gerhard Stoll (Germany), Leonardo Chiariglione (Italy), Yves-François Dehery (France), Karlheinz Brandenburg (Germany) and James D. Johnston (USA) took ideas from ASPEC, integrated the filter bank from Layer 2, added some of their own ideas and create... | What did the working group take ideas from? | {
"text": [
"ASPEC"
],
"answer_start": [
232
]
} |
570624f252bb8914006898f7 | MP3 | A working group consisting of Leon van de Kerkhof (The Netherlands), Gerhard Stoll (Germany), Leonardo Chiariglione (Italy), Yves-François Dehery (France), Karlheinz Brandenburg (Germany) and James D. Johnston (USA) took ideas from ASPEC, integrated the filter bank from Layer 2, added some of their own ideas and create... | What did the working group integrate their ideas with? | {
"text": [
"filter bank"
],
"answer_start": [
254
]
} |
570624f252bb8914006898f8 | MP3 | A working group consisting of Leon van de Kerkhof (The Netherlands), Gerhard Stoll (Germany), Leonardo Chiariglione (Italy), Yves-François Dehery (France), Karlheinz Brandenburg (Germany) and James D. Johnston (USA) took ideas from ASPEC, integrated the filter bank from Layer 2, added some of their own ideas and create... | Where was the filter bank taken from? | {
"text": [
"Layer 2"
],
"answer_start": [
271
]
} |
570624f252bb8914006898f9 | MP3 | A working group consisting of Leon van de Kerkhof (The Netherlands), Gerhard Stoll (Germany), Leonardo Chiariglione (Italy), Yves-François Dehery (France), Karlheinz Brandenburg (Germany) and James D. Johnston (USA) took ideas from ASPEC, integrated the filter bank from Layer 2, added some of their own ideas and create... | What did the working group eventually create? | {
"text": [
"MP3"
],
"answer_start": [
322
]
} |
570624f252bb8914006898fa | MP3 | A working group consisting of Leon van de Kerkhof (The Netherlands), Gerhard Stoll (Germany), Leonardo Chiariglione (Italy), Yves-François Dehery (France), Karlheinz Brandenburg (Germany) and James D. Johnston (USA) took ideas from ASPEC, integrated the filter bank from Layer 2, added some of their own ideas and create... | What quality were they hoping to match at 128 kbit/s? | {
"text": [
"MP2 at 192 kbit/s"
],
"answer_start": [
391
]
} |
5706254b75f01819005e79ec | MP3 | All algorithms for MPEG-1 Audio Layer I, II and III were approved in 1991 and finalized in 1992 as part of MPEG-1, the first standard suite by MPEG, which resulted in the international standard ISO/IEC 11172-3 (a.k.a. MPEG-1 Audio or MPEG-1 Part 3), published in 1993. | When were the algorithms approved? | {
"text": [
"1991"
],
"answer_start": [
69
]
} |
5706254b75f01819005e79ed | MP3 | All algorithms for MPEG-1 Audio Layer I, II and III were approved in 1991 and finalized in 1992 as part of MPEG-1, the first standard suite by MPEG, which resulted in the international standard ISO/IEC 11172-3 (a.k.a. MPEG-1 Audio or MPEG-1 Part 3), published in 1993. | When were the approved algorithms finalized? | {
"text": [
"1992"
],
"answer_start": [
91
]
} |
5706254b75f01819005e79ee | MP3 | All algorithms for MPEG-1 Audio Layer I, II and III were approved in 1991 and finalized in 1992 as part of MPEG-1, the first standard suite by MPEG, which resulted in the international standard ISO/IEC 11172-3 (a.k.a. MPEG-1 Audio or MPEG-1 Part 3), published in 1993. | What was the first started suite by MPEG? | {
"text": [
"MPEG-1"
],
"answer_start": [
107
]
} |
5706254b75f01819005e79ef | MP3 | All algorithms for MPEG-1 Audio Layer I, II and III were approved in 1991 and finalized in 1992 as part of MPEG-1, the first standard suite by MPEG, which resulted in the international standard ISO/IEC 11172-3 (a.k.a. MPEG-1 Audio or MPEG-1 Part 3), published in 1993. | What was the official name of the internation standard? | {
"text": [
"ISO/IEC 11172-3"
],
"answer_start": [
194
]
} |
5706254b75f01819005e79f0 | MP3 | All algorithms for MPEG-1 Audio Layer I, II and III were approved in 1991 and finalized in 1992 as part of MPEG-1, the first standard suite by MPEG, which resulted in the international standard ISO/IEC 11172-3 (a.k.a. MPEG-1 Audio or MPEG-1 Part 3), published in 1993. | When was the international standard published? | {
"text": [
"1993"
],
"answer_start": [
263
]
} |
5706262d52bb891400689900 | MP3 | Further work on MPEG audio was finalized in 1994 as part of the second suite of MPEG standards, MPEG-2, more formally known as international standard ISO/IEC 13818-3 (a.k.a. MPEG-2 Part 3 or backwards compatible MPEG-2 Audio or MPEG-2 Audio BC), originally published in 1995. MPEG-2 Part 3 (ISO/IEC 13818-3) defined addi... | Further work on MPEG was finalized as a part of which MPEG standard? | {
"text": [
"second suite"
],
"answer_start": [
64
]
} |
5706262d52bb891400689901 | MP3 | Further work on MPEG audio was finalized in 1994 as part of the second suite of MPEG standards, MPEG-2, more formally known as international standard ISO/IEC 13818-3 (a.k.a. MPEG-2 Part 3 or backwards compatible MPEG-2 Audio or MPEG-2 Audio BC), originally published in 1995. MPEG-2 Part 3 (ISO/IEC 13818-3) defined addi... | What was the official name of ISO/IEC 13818-3 better known as? | {
"text": [
"MPEG-2"
],
"answer_start": [
96
]
} |
5706262d52bb891400689902 | MP3 | Further work on MPEG audio was finalized in 1994 as part of the second suite of MPEG standards, MPEG-2, more formally known as international standard ISO/IEC 13818-3 (a.k.a. MPEG-2 Part 3 or backwards compatible MPEG-2 Audio or MPEG-2 Audio BC), originally published in 1995. MPEG-2 Part 3 (ISO/IEC 13818-3) defined addi... | At what rate were the new sampling rates defined in comparison to MPEG-1 Audio? | {
"text": [
"half"
],
"answer_start": [
427
]
} |
5706262d52bb891400689903 | MP3 | Further work on MPEG audio was finalized in 1994 as part of the second suite of MPEG standards, MPEG-2, more formally known as international standard ISO/IEC 13818-3 (a.k.a. MPEG-2 Part 3 or backwards compatible MPEG-2 Audio or MPEG-2 Audio BC), originally published in 1995. MPEG-2 Part 3 (ISO/IEC 13818-3) defined addi... | Apart from cutting the frequency fidelity in half, what else was cut in half? | {
"text": [
"bitrate"
],
"answer_start": [
596
]
} |
5706262d52bb891400689904 | MP3 | Further work on MPEG audio was finalized in 1994 as part of the second suite of MPEG standards, MPEG-2, more formally known as international standard ISO/IEC 13818-3 (a.k.a. MPEG-2 Part 3 or backwards compatible MPEG-2 Audio or MPEG-2 Audio BC), originally published in 1995. MPEG-2 Part 3 (ISO/IEC 13818-3) defined addi... | Allowing the coding of audio programs with more than two channels was a major aspect of what? | {
"text": [
"MPEG-2 Part 3"
],
"answer_start": [
612
]
} |
5706282e52bb89140068990a | MP3 | An additional extension to MPEG-2 is named MPEG-2.5 audio, as MPEG-3 already had a different meaning. This extension was developed at Fraunhofer IIS, the registered MP3 patent holders. Like MPEG-2, MPEG-2.5 adds new sampling rates exactly half of that previously possible with MPEG-2. It thus widens the scope of MP3 to ... | As MPEG-3 had a different meaning, what was the name given to the extension of MPEG-2? | {
"text": [
"MPEG-2.5 audio"
],
"answer_start": [
43
]
} |
5706282e52bb89140068990b | MP3 | An additional extension to MPEG-2 is named MPEG-2.5 audio, as MPEG-3 already had a different meaning. This extension was developed at Fraunhofer IIS, the registered MP3 patent holders. Like MPEG-2, MPEG-2.5 adds new sampling rates exactly half of that previously possible with MPEG-2. It thus widens the scope of MP3 to ... | Where was this extension developed? | {
"text": [
"Fraunhofer IIS"
],
"answer_start": [
134
]
} |
5706282e52bb89140068990c | MP3 | An additional extension to MPEG-2 is named MPEG-2.5 audio, as MPEG-3 already had a different meaning. This extension was developed at Fraunhofer IIS, the registered MP3 patent holders. Like MPEG-2, MPEG-2.5 adds new sampling rates exactly half of that previously possible with MPEG-2. It thus widens the scope of MP3 to ... | The new sampling rates widened the scope of MP3 to be able to include what? | {
"text": [
"human speech"
],
"answer_start": [
328
]
} |
5706282e52bb89140068990d | MP3 | An additional extension to MPEG-2 is named MPEG-2.5 audio, as MPEG-3 already had a different meaning. This extension was developed at Fraunhofer IIS, the registered MP3 patent holders. Like MPEG-2, MPEG-2.5 adds new sampling rates exactly half of that previously possible with MPEG-2. It thus widens the scope of MP3 to ... | What is not an ISO recognized standard? | {
"text": [
"MPEG-2.5"
],
"answer_start": [
473
]
} |
5706282e52bb89140068990e | MP3 | An additional extension to MPEG-2 is named MPEG-2.5 audio, as MPEG-3 already had a different meaning. This extension was developed at Fraunhofer IIS, the registered MP3 patent holders. Like MPEG-2, MPEG-2.5 adds new sampling rates exactly half of that previously possible with MPEG-2. It thus widens the scope of MP3 to ... | As MPEG-2.5 is unofficial, it is considered what kind of extension to the MP3 format? | {
"text": [
"proprietary"
],
"answer_start": [
817
]
} |
570629ba52bb891400689914 | MP3 | Compression efficiency of encoders is typically defined by the bit rate, because compression ratio depends on the bit depth and sampling rate of the input signal. Nevertheless, compression ratios are often published. They may use the Compact Disc (CD) parameters as references (44.1 kHz, 2 channels at 16 bits per channe... | What defines the compression efficiency of encoders? | {
"text": [
"bit rate"
],
"answer_start": [
63
]
} |
570629ba52bb891400689915 | MP3 | Compression efficiency of encoders is typically defined by the bit rate, because compression ratio depends on the bit depth and sampling rate of the input signal. Nevertheless, compression ratios are often published. They may use the Compact Disc (CD) parameters as references (44.1 kHz, 2 channels at 16 bits per channe... | Compression ratio depends on the sample rate and bit depth of which signal? | {
"text": [
"input"
],
"answer_start": [
149
]
} |
570629ba52bb891400689916 | MP3 | Compression efficiency of encoders is typically defined by the bit rate, because compression ratio depends on the bit depth and sampling rate of the input signal. Nevertheless, compression ratios are often published. They may use the Compact Disc (CD) parameters as references (44.1 kHz, 2 channels at 16 bits per channe... | What does CD stand for? | {
"text": [
"Compact Disc"
],
"answer_start": [
234
]
} |
570629ba52bb891400689917 | MP3 | Compression efficiency of encoders is typically defined by the bit rate, because compression ratio depends on the bit depth and sampling rate of the input signal. Nevertheless, compression ratios are often published. They may use the Compact Disc (CD) parameters as references (44.1 kHz, 2 channels at 16 bits per channe... | What can CD parameters be used as references for? | {
"text": [
"compression ratios"
],
"answer_start": [
177
]
} |
570629ba52bb891400689918 | MP3 | Compression efficiency of encoders is typically defined by the bit rate, because compression ratio depends on the bit depth and sampling rate of the input signal. Nevertheless, compression ratios are often published. They may use the Compact Disc (CD) parameters as references (44.1 kHz, 2 channels at 16 bits per channe... | Other than CD parameters, what else can be used as parameter references? | {
"text": [
"Digital Audio Tape (DAT) SP"
],
"answer_start": [
353
]
} |
57062a3a75f01819005e7a14 | MP3 | Karlheinz Brandenburg used a CD recording of Suzanne Vega's song "Tom's Diner" to assess and refine the MP3 compression algorithm. This song was chosen because of its nearly monophonic nature and wide spectral content, making it easier to hear imperfections in the compression format during playbacks. Some refer to Suza... | What type of recording did Brandenburg use? | {
"text": [
"CD"
],
"answer_start": [
29
]
} |
57062a3a75f01819005e7a15 | MP3 | Karlheinz Brandenburg used a CD recording of Suzanne Vega's song "Tom's Diner" to assess and refine the MP3 compression algorithm. This song was chosen because of its nearly monophonic nature and wide spectral content, making it easier to hear imperfections in the compression format during playbacks. Some refer to Suza... | What did Brandenburg use the recording to refine? | {
"text": [
"the MP3 compression algorithm"
],
"answer_start": [
100
]
} |
57062a3a75f01819005e7a16 | MP3 | Karlheinz Brandenburg used a CD recording of Suzanne Vega's song "Tom's Diner" to assess and refine the MP3 compression algorithm. This song was chosen because of its nearly monophonic nature and wide spectral content, making it easier to hear imperfections in the compression format during playbacks. Some refer to Suza... | What word describes the nature of the song used? | {
"text": [
"monophonic"
],
"answer_start": [
174
]
} |
57062a3a75f01819005e7a17 | MP3 | Karlheinz Brandenburg used a CD recording of Suzanne Vega's song "Tom's Diner" to assess and refine the MP3 compression algorithm. This song was chosen because of its nearly monophonic nature and wide spectral content, making it easier to hear imperfections in the compression format during playbacks. Some refer to Suza... | As a result of her song being used, Suzanne Vega is sometimes referred to as what? | {
"text": [
"The mother of MP3"
],
"answer_start": [
333
]
} |
57062a3a75f01819005e7a18 | MP3 | Karlheinz Brandenburg used a CD recording of Suzanne Vega's song "Tom's Diner" to assess and refine the MP3 compression algorithm. This song was chosen because of its nearly monophonic nature and wide spectral content, making it easier to hear imperfections in the compression format during playbacks. Some refer to Suza... | Excerpts were taken from which reference compact disc to assess the subjective quality of the MPEG audio formats? | {
"text": [
"EBU V3/SQAM"
],
"answer_start": [
811
]
} |
57062b6152bb89140068991e | MP3 | A reference simulation software implementation, written in the C language and later known as ISO 11172-5, was developed (in 1991–1996) by the members of the ISO MPEG Audio committee in order to produce bit compliant MPEG Audio files (Layer 1, Layer 2, Layer 3). It was approved as a committee draft of ISO/IEC technical ... | Which language was the reference simulation software written in? | {
"text": [
"C"
],
"answer_start": [
63
]
} |
57062b6152bb89140068991f | MP3 | A reference simulation software implementation, written in the C language and later known as ISO 11172-5, was developed (in 1991–1996) by the members of the ISO MPEG Audio committee in order to produce bit compliant MPEG Audio files (Layer 1, Layer 2, Layer 3). It was approved as a committee draft of ISO/IEC technical ... | Who developed the reference simulation software? | {
"text": [
"the ISO MPEG Audio committee"
],
"answer_start": [
153
]
} |
57062b6152bb891400689920 | MP3 | A reference simulation software implementation, written in the C language and later known as ISO 11172-5, was developed (in 1991–1996) by the members of the ISO MPEG Audio committee in order to produce bit compliant MPEG Audio files (Layer 1, Layer 2, Layer 3). It was approved as a committee draft of ISO/IEC technical ... | When was the reference software approved? | {
"text": [
"March 1994"
],
"answer_start": [
330
]
} |
57062b6152bb891400689921 | MP3 | A reference simulation software implementation, written in the C language and later known as ISO 11172-5, was developed (in 1991–1996) by the members of the ISO MPEG Audio committee in order to produce bit compliant MPEG Audio files (Layer 1, Layer 2, Layer 3). It was approved as a committee draft of ISO/IEC technical ... | When did the reference software become an international standard? | {
"text": [
"1998"
],
"answer_start": [
548
]
} |
57062b6152bb891400689922 | MP3 | A reference simulation software implementation, written in the C language and later known as ISO 11172-5, was developed (in 1991–1996) by the members of the ISO MPEG Audio committee in order to produce bit compliant MPEG Audio files (Layer 1, Layer 2, Layer 3). It was approved as a committee draft of ISO/IEC technical ... | What could the reference software demonstrate? | {
"text": [
"real time hardware decoding"
],
"answer_start": [
743
]
} |
57062c2552bb891400689928 | MP3 | On 7 July 1994, the Fraunhofer Society released the first software MP3 encoder called l3enc. The filename extension .mp3 was chosen by the Fraunhofer team on 14 July 1995 (previously, the files had been named .bit). With the first real-time software MP3 player WinPlay3 (released 9 September 1995) many people were able ... | When was the first software MP3 encoder released? | {
"text": [
"7 July 1994"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
57062c2552bb891400689929 | MP3 | On 7 July 1994, the Fraunhofer Society released the first software MP3 encoder called l3enc. The filename extension .mp3 was chosen by the Fraunhofer team on 14 July 1995 (previously, the files had been named .bit). With the first real-time software MP3 player WinPlay3 (released 9 September 1995) many people were able ... | What was the name of the first software MP3 encoder? | {
"text": [
"l3enc"
],
"answer_start": [
86
]
} |
57062c2552bb89140068992a | MP3 | On 7 July 1994, the Fraunhofer Society released the first software MP3 encoder called l3enc. The filename extension .mp3 was chosen by the Fraunhofer team on 14 July 1995 (previously, the files had been named .bit). With the first real-time software MP3 player WinPlay3 (released 9 September 1995) many people were able ... | What was the filename extension? | {
"text": [
".mp3"
],
"answer_start": [
116
]
} |
57062c2552bb89140068992b | MP3 | On 7 July 1994, the Fraunhofer Society released the first software MP3 encoder called l3enc. The filename extension .mp3 was chosen by the Fraunhofer team on 14 July 1995 (previously, the files had been named .bit). With the first real-time software MP3 player WinPlay3 (released 9 September 1995) many people were able ... | What was the name of the first real-time software MP3 player? | {
"text": [
"WinPlay3"
],
"answer_start": [
261
]
} |
57062c2552bb89140068992c | MP3 | On 7 July 1994, the Fraunhofer Society released the first software MP3 encoder called l3enc. The filename extension .mp3 was chosen by the Fraunhofer team on 14 July 1995 (previously, the files had been named .bit). With the first real-time software MP3 player WinPlay3 (released 9 September 1995) many people were able ... | What was the average high end hard drive size? | {
"text": [
"1000 MB"
],
"answer_start": [
437
]
} |
57062c9b52bb891400689932 | MP3 | As sound scholar Jonathan Sterne notes, "An Australian hacker acquired l3enc using a stolen credit card. The hacker then reverse-engineered the software, wrote a new user interface, and redistributed it for free, naming it "thank you Fraunhofer"". | What was Jonathan Sterne's profession? | {
"text": [
"sound scholar"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
57062c9b52bb891400689933 | MP3 | As sound scholar Jonathan Sterne notes, "An Australian hacker acquired l3enc using a stolen credit card. The hacker then reverse-engineered the software, wrote a new user interface, and redistributed it for free, naming it "thank you Fraunhofer"". | Which nationality was the hacker who acquired I3enc? | {
"text": [
"Australian"
],
"answer_start": [
44
]
} |
57062c9b52bb891400689934 | MP3 | As sound scholar Jonathan Sterne notes, "An Australian hacker acquired l3enc using a stolen credit card. The hacker then reverse-engineered the software, wrote a new user interface, and redistributed it for free, naming it "thank you Fraunhofer"". | What did the hacker use to acquire the software? | {
"text": [
"stolen credit card"
],
"answer_start": [
85
]
} |
57062c9b52bb891400689935 | MP3 | As sound scholar Jonathan Sterne notes, "An Australian hacker acquired l3enc using a stolen credit card. The hacker then reverse-engineered the software, wrote a new user interface, and redistributed it for free, naming it "thank you Fraunhofer"". | The hacker re-wrote which element of the program? | {
"text": [
"user interface"
],
"answer_start": [
166
]
} |
57062c9b52bb891400689936 | MP3 | As sound scholar Jonathan Sterne notes, "An Australian hacker acquired l3enc using a stolen credit card. The hacker then reverse-engineered the software, wrote a new user interface, and redistributed it for free, naming it "thank you Fraunhofer"". | How much did the new released program by the hacker cost? | {
"text": [
"free"
],
"answer_start": [
207
]
} |
57062dd675f01819005e7a32 | MP3 | In the second half of '90s, MP3 files began to spread on the Internet. The popularity of MP3s began to rise rapidly with the advent of Nullsoft's audio player Winamp, released in 1997. In 1998, the first portable solid state digital audio player MPMan, developed by SaeHan Information Systems which is headquartered in S... | Where did MP3s begin to spread? | {
"text": [
"the Internet"
],
"answer_start": [
57
]
} |
57062dd675f01819005e7a33 | MP3 | In the second half of '90s, MP3 files began to spread on the Internet. The popularity of MP3s began to rise rapidly with the advent of Nullsoft's audio player Winamp, released in 1997. In 1998, the first portable solid state digital audio player MPMan, developed by SaeHan Information Systems which is headquartered in S... | Which audio player was released in 1997? | {
"text": [
"Winamp"
],
"answer_start": [
159
]
} |
57062dd675f01819005e7a34 | MP3 | In the second half of '90s, MP3 files began to spread on the Internet. The popularity of MP3s began to rise rapidly with the advent of Nullsoft's audio player Winamp, released in 1997. In 1998, the first portable solid state digital audio player MPMan, developed by SaeHan Information Systems which is headquartered in S... | Who released the audio player? | {
"text": [
"Nullsoft"
],
"answer_start": [
135
]
} |
57062dd675f01819005e7a35 | MP3 | In the second half of '90s, MP3 files began to spread on the Internet. The popularity of MP3s began to rise rapidly with the advent of Nullsoft's audio player Winamp, released in 1997. In 1998, the first portable solid state digital audio player MPMan, developed by SaeHan Information Systems which is headquartered in S... | What was the name of the first portable solid state digital audio player? | {
"text": [
"MPMan"
],
"answer_start": [
246
]
} |
57062dd675f01819005e7a36 | MP3 | In the second half of '90s, MP3 files began to spread on the Internet. The popularity of MP3s began to rise rapidly with the advent of Nullsoft's audio player Winamp, released in 1997. In 1998, the first portable solid state digital audio player MPMan, developed by SaeHan Information Systems which is headquartered in S... | In which country was the first portable audio player developed? | {
"text": [
"South Korea"
],
"answer_start": [
326
]
} |
57062e7e52bb89140068993c | MP3 | In November 1997, the website mp3.com was offering thousands of MP3s created by independent artists for free. The small size of MP3 files enabled widespread peer-to-peer file sharing of music ripped from CDs, which would have previously been nearly impossible. The first large peer-to-peer filesharing network, Napster, ... | Which website offered MP3s for free? | {
"text": [
"mp3.com"
],
"answer_start": [
30
]
} |
57062e7e52bb89140068993d | MP3 | In November 1997, the website mp3.com was offering thousands of MP3s created by independent artists for free. The small size of MP3 files enabled widespread peer-to-peer file sharing of music ripped from CDs, which would have previously been nearly impossible. The first large peer-to-peer filesharing network, Napster, ... | How many MP3s were offered for free by the website? | {
"text": [
"thousands"
],
"answer_start": [
51
]
} |
57062e7e52bb89140068993e | MP3 | In November 1997, the website mp3.com was offering thousands of MP3s created by independent artists for free. The small size of MP3 files enabled widespread peer-to-peer file sharing of music ripped from CDs, which would have previously been nearly impossible. The first large peer-to-peer filesharing network, Napster, ... | What kind of file sharing became popular due to the file sizes of MP3s? | {
"text": [
"peer-to-peer"
],
"answer_start": [
157
]
} |
57062e7e52bb89140068993f | MP3 | In November 1997, the website mp3.com was offering thousands of MP3s created by independent artists for free. The small size of MP3 files enabled widespread peer-to-peer file sharing of music ripped from CDs, which would have previously been nearly impossible. The first large peer-to-peer filesharing network, Napster, ... | How did people come into possession of MP3s? | {
"text": [
"ripped from CDs"
],
"answer_start": [
192
]
} |
57062e7e52bb891400689940 | MP3 | In November 1997, the website mp3.com was offering thousands of MP3s created by independent artists for free. The small size of MP3 files enabled widespread peer-to-peer file sharing of music ripped from CDs, which would have previously been nearly impossible. The first large peer-to-peer filesharing network, Napster, ... | Which network was the first large peer to peer file sharing network? | {
"text": [
"Napster"
],
"answer_start": [
311
]
} |
57062ef375f01819005e7a46 | MP3 | The ease of creating and sharing MP3s resulted in widespread copyright infringement. Major record companies argued that this free sharing of music reduced sales, and called it "music piracy". They reacted by pursuing lawsuits against Napster (which was eventually shut down and later sold) and against individual users w... | What kind of infringement resulted from sharing MP3s? | {
"text": [
"copyright"
],
"answer_start": [
61
]
} |
57062ef375f01819005e7a47 | MP3 | The ease of creating and sharing MP3s resulted in widespread copyright infringement. Major record companies argued that this free sharing of music reduced sales, and called it "music piracy". They reacted by pursuing lawsuits against Napster (which was eventually shut down and later sold) and against individual users w... | What name did the record companies associate with MP3 file sharing? | {
"text": [
"music piracy"
],
"answer_start": [
177
]
} |
57062ef375f01819005e7a48 | MP3 | The ease of creating and sharing MP3s resulted in widespread copyright infringement. Major record companies argued that this free sharing of music reduced sales, and called it "music piracy". They reacted by pursuing lawsuits against Napster (which was eventually shut down and later sold) and against individual users w... | Who was the target of the record companies? | {
"text": [
"Napster"
],
"answer_start": [
234
]
} |
57062ef375f01819005e7a49 | MP3 | The ease of creating and sharing MP3s resulted in widespread copyright infringement. Major record companies argued that this free sharing of music reduced sales, and called it "music piracy". They reacted by pursuing lawsuits against Napster (which was eventually shut down and later sold) and against individual users w... | What happened to Napster? | {
"text": [
"shut down and later sold"
],
"answer_start": [
264
]
} |
57062f6975f01819005e7a58 | MP3 | Unauthorized MP3 file sharing continues on next-generation peer-to-peer networks. Some authorized services, such as Beatport, Bleep, Juno Records, eMusic, Zune Marketplace, Walmart.com, Rhapsody, the recording industry approved re-incarnation of Napster, and Amazon.com sell unrestricted music in the MP3 format. | What kind of MP3 file sharing continues on? | {
"text": [
"Unauthorized"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
57062f6975f01819005e7a59 | MP3 | Unauthorized MP3 file sharing continues on next-generation peer-to-peer networks. Some authorized services, such as Beatport, Bleep, Juno Records, eMusic, Zune Marketplace, Walmart.com, Rhapsody, the recording industry approved re-incarnation of Napster, and Amazon.com sell unrestricted music in the MP3 format. | Beatport, Bleep and Juno records are examples of what kind of service? | {
"text": [
"authorized"
],
"answer_start": [
87
]
} |
57062f6975f01819005e7a5a | MP3 | Unauthorized MP3 file sharing continues on next-generation peer-to-peer networks. Some authorized services, such as Beatport, Bleep, Juno Records, eMusic, Zune Marketplace, Walmart.com, Rhapsody, the recording industry approved re-incarnation of Napster, and Amazon.com sell unrestricted music in the MP3 format. | What kind of music is sold by these companies? | {
"text": [
"unrestricted"
],
"answer_start": [
275
]
} |
57062f6975f01819005e7a5b | MP3 | Unauthorized MP3 file sharing continues on next-generation peer-to-peer networks. Some authorized services, such as Beatport, Bleep, Juno Records, eMusic, Zune Marketplace, Walmart.com, Rhapsody, the recording industry approved re-incarnation of Napster, and Amazon.com sell unrestricted music in the MP3 format. | Which format is used by the companies that sell the music legally? | {
"text": [
"MP3"
],
"answer_start": [
301
]
} |
5706300775f01819005e7a60 | MP3 | An MP3 file is made up of MP3 frames, which consist of a header and a data block. This sequence of frames is called an elementary stream. Due to the "byte reservoir", frames are not independent items and cannot usually be extracted on arbitrary frame boundaries. The MP3 Data blocks contain the (compressed) audio inform... | A header and data block together make up what? | {
"text": [
"MP3 frames"
],
"answer_start": [
26
]
} |
5706300775f01819005e7a61 | MP3 | An MP3 file is made up of MP3 frames, which consist of a header and a data block. This sequence of frames is called an elementary stream. Due to the "byte reservoir", frames are not independent items and cannot usually be extracted on arbitrary frame boundaries. The MP3 Data blocks contain the (compressed) audio inform... | What is a sequence of MP3 frames called? | {
"text": [
"elementary stream"
],
"answer_start": [
119
]
} |
5706300775f01819005e7a62 | MP3 | An MP3 file is made up of MP3 frames, which consist of a header and a data block. This sequence of frames is called an elementary stream. Due to the "byte reservoir", frames are not independent items and cannot usually be extracted on arbitrary frame boundaries. The MP3 Data blocks contain the (compressed) audio inform... | What is used to identify the begining of a valid frame of an MP3 header? | {
"text": [
"dard"
],
"answer_start": [
550
]
} |
5706300775f01819005e7a63 | MP3 | An MP3 file is made up of MP3 frames, which consist of a header and a data block. This sequence of frames is called an elementary stream. Due to the "byte reservoir", frames are not independent items and cannot usually be extracted on arbitrary frame boundaries. The MP3 Data blocks contain the (compressed) audio inform... | How many bits are needed to indicate that layer 3 is used? | {
"text": [
"two"
],
"answer_start": [
559
]
} |
5706300775f01819005e7a64 | MP3 | An MP3 file is made up of MP3 frames, which consist of a header and a data block. This sequence of frames is called an elementary stream. Due to the "byte reservoir", frames are not independent items and cannot usually be extracted on arbitrary frame boundaries. The MP3 Data blocks contain the (compressed) audio inform... | MP3 files today contain what kind of metadeta? | {
"text": [
"ID3"
],
"answer_start": [
850
]
} |
5706315b52bb891400689950 | MP3 | The MPEG-1 standard does not include a precise specification for an MP3 encoder, but does provide example psychoacoustic models, rate loop, and the like in the non-normative part of the original standard. At present, these suggested implementations are quite dated. Implementers of the standard were supposed to devise t... | Which standard does not include a specification for an MP3 encoder? | {
"text": [
"MPEG-1"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} |
5706315b52bb891400689951 | MP3 | The MPEG-1 standard does not include a precise specification for an MP3 encoder, but does provide example psychoacoustic models, rate loop, and the like in the non-normative part of the original standard. At present, these suggested implementations are quite dated. Implementers of the standard were supposed to devise t... | Example psychoacoustic models and rate loops can be foundin which part of the original standard? | {
"text": [
"non-normative"
],
"answer_start": [
160
]
} |
5706315b52bb891400689952 | MP3 | The MPEG-1 standard does not include a precise specification for an MP3 encoder, but does provide example psychoacoustic models, rate loop, and the like in the non-normative part of the original standard. At present, these suggested implementations are quite dated. Implementers of the standard were supposed to devise t... | What were implementers of the standard supposed to devise? | {
"text": [
"their own algorithms"
],
"answer_start": [
319
]
} |
5706315b52bb891400689953 | MP3 | The MPEG-1 standard does not include a precise specification for an MP3 encoder, but does provide example psychoacoustic models, rate loop, and the like in the non-normative part of the original standard. At present, these suggested implementations are quite dated. Implementers of the standard were supposed to devise t... | It is easy for a prospective user of an encoder to research the best choice because of what factor? | {
"text": [
"Comparisons are widely available"
],
"answer_start": [
514
]
} |
5706315b52bb891400689954 | MP3 | The MPEG-1 standard does not include a precise specification for an MP3 encoder, but does provide example psychoacoustic models, rate loop, and the like in the non-normative part of the original standard. At present, these suggested implementations are quite dated. Implementers of the standard were supposed to devise t... | An encoder that is proficient at encoding at higher bit rates might be worse at what? | {
"text": [
"lower bit rates"
],
"answer_start": [
735
]
} |
5706324275f01819005e7a6a | MP3 | During encoding, 576 time-domain samples are taken and are transformed to 576 frequency-domain samples.[clarification needed] If there is a transient, 192 samples are taken instead of 576. This is done to limit the temporal spread of quantization noise accompanying the transient. (See psychoacoustics.) | How many domain samples are taken during encoding? | {
"text": [
"576"
],
"answer_start": [
17
]
} |
5706324275f01819005e7a6b | MP3 | During encoding, 576 time-domain samples are taken and are transformed to 576 frequency-domain samples.[clarification needed] If there is a transient, 192 samples are taken instead of 576. This is done to limit the temporal spread of quantization noise accompanying the transient. (See psychoacoustics.) | Domain samples are transformed into what? | {
"text": [
"frequency-domain samples"
],
"answer_start": [
78
]
} |
5706324275f01819005e7a6c | MP3 | During encoding, 576 time-domain samples are taken and are transformed to 576 frequency-domain samples.[clarification needed] If there is a transient, 192 samples are taken instead of 576. This is done to limit the temporal spread of quantization noise accompanying the transient. (See psychoacoustics.) | When are 192 samples taken instead of 576? | {
"text": [
"there is a transient"
],
"answer_start": [
129
]
} |
5706324275f01819005e7a6d | MP3 | During encoding, 576 time-domain samples are taken and are transformed to 576 frequency-domain samples.[clarification needed] If there is a transient, 192 samples are taken instead of 576. This is done to limit the temporal spread of quantization noise accompanying the transient. (See psychoacoustics.) | When 192 samples are taken instead of 576, it is done in an effort to limit what? | {
"text": [
"temporal spread"
],
"answer_start": [
215
]
} |
5706324275f01819005e7a6e | MP3 | During encoding, 576 time-domain samples are taken and are transformed to 576 frequency-domain samples.[clarification needed] If there is a transient, 192 samples are taken instead of 576. This is done to limit the temporal spread of quantization noise accompanying the transient. (See psychoacoustics.) | What accompanies a transient? | {
"text": [
"quantization noise"
],
"answer_start": [
234
]
} |
5706336875f01819005e7a86 | MP3 | Due to the tree structure of the filter bank, pre-echo problems are made worse, as the combined impulse response of the two filter banks does not, and cannot, provide an optimum solution in time/frequency resolution. Additionally, the combining of the two filter banks' outputs creates aliasing problems that must be han... | What kind of structure does a filter bank have? | {
"text": [
"tree"
],
"answer_start": [
11
]
} |
5706336875f01819005e7a87 | MP3 | Due to the tree structure of the filter bank, pre-echo problems are made worse, as the combined impulse response of the two filter banks does not, and cannot, provide an optimum solution in time/frequency resolution. Additionally, the combining of the two filter banks' outputs creates aliasing problems that must be han... | Due to a specific kind of structure, what kind of problems are made worse? | {
"text": [
"pre-echo problems"
],
"answer_start": [
46
]
} |
5706336875f01819005e7a88 | MP3 | Due to the tree structure of the filter bank, pre-echo problems are made worse, as the combined impulse response of the two filter banks does not, and cannot, provide an optimum solution in time/frequency resolution. Additionally, the combining of the two filter banks' outputs creates aliasing problems that must be han... | What kind of resolution are the filter banks unable to provide an optimal solution for? | {
"text": [
"time/frequency"
],
"answer_start": [
190
]
} |
5706336875f01819005e7a89 | MP3 | Due to the tree structure of the filter bank, pre-echo problems are made worse, as the combined impulse response of the two filter banks does not, and cannot, provide an optimum solution in time/frequency resolution. Additionally, the combining of the two filter banks' outputs creates aliasing problems that must be han... | Combining two filter banks' outputs creates what kind of problem? | {
"text": [
"aliasing"
],
"answer_start": [
286
]
} |
5706336875f01819005e7a8a | MP3 | Due to the tree structure of the filter bank, pre-echo problems are made worse, as the combined impulse response of the two filter banks does not, and cannot, provide an optimum solution in time/frequency resolution. Additionally, the combining of the two filter banks' outputs creates aliasing problems that must be han... | The need to code excess energy in the frequency domain decreases what kind of efficiency? | {
"text": [
"coding"
],
"answer_start": [
465
]
} |
5706347875f01819005e7a90 | MP3 | Decoding, on the other hand, is carefully defined in the standard. Most decoders are "bitstream compliant", which means that the decompressed output that they produce from a given MP3 file will be the same, within a specified degree of rounding tolerance, as the output specified mathematically in the ISO/IEC high stand... | What is carefully defined in the standard? | {
"text": [
"Decoding"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
5706347875f01819005e7a91 | MP3 | Decoding, on the other hand, is carefully defined in the standard. Most decoders are "bitstream compliant", which means that the decompressed output that they produce from a given MP3 file will be the same, within a specified degree of rounding tolerance, as the output specified mathematically in the ISO/IEC high stand... | What are most decoders? | {
"text": [
"bitstream compliant"
],
"answer_start": [
86
]
} |
5706347875f01819005e7a92 | MP3 | Decoding, on the other hand, is carefully defined in the standard. Most decoders are "bitstream compliant", which means that the decompressed output that they produce from a given MP3 file will be the same, within a specified degree of rounding tolerance, as the output specified mathematically in the ISO/IEC high stand... | The ISO/IEC high standard document states that the decompressed output produced from a given MP3 file will be the same within what standards? | {
"text": [
"specified degree of rounding tolerance"
],
"answer_start": [
216
]
} |
5706347875f01819005e7a93 | MP3 | Decoding, on the other hand, is carefully defined in the standard. Most decoders are "bitstream compliant", which means that the decompressed output that they produce from a given MP3 file will be the same, within a specified degree of rounding tolerance, as the output specified mathematically in the ISO/IEC high stand... | Decoders are usually compared by examining which factor? | {
"text": [
"computationally efficient"
],
"answer_start": [
410
]
} |
5706347875f01819005e7a94 | MP3 | Decoding, on the other hand, is carefully defined in the standard. Most decoders are "bitstream compliant", which means that the decompressed output that they produce from a given MP3 file will be the same, within a specified degree of rounding tolerance, as the output specified mathematically in the ISO/IEC high stand... | The efficiency of decoders is examined by seeing how much memory and what other process they use in the decoding process? | {
"text": [
"CPU time"
],
"answer_start": [
471
]
} |
570634ea75f01819005e7a9a | MP3 | Encoder / decoder overall delay is not defined, which means there is no official provision for gapless playback. However, some encoders such as LAME can attach additional metadata that will allow players that can handle it to deliver seamless playback. | What is there no official provision for? | {
"text": [
"gapless playback"
],
"answer_start": [
95
]
} |
570634ea75f01819005e7a9b | MP3 | Encoder / decoder overall delay is not defined, which means there is no official provision for gapless playback. However, some encoders such as LAME can attach additional metadata that will allow players that can handle it to deliver seamless playback. | What is an example of an encoder that can attach additional metadeta? | {
"text": [
"LAME"
],
"answer_start": [
144
]
} |
570634ea75f01819005e7a9c | MP3 | Encoder / decoder overall delay is not defined, which means there is no official provision for gapless playback. However, some encoders such as LAME can attach additional metadata that will allow players that can handle it to deliver seamless playback. | Adding additional metadata allows players to handle gapless playback and deliver what? | {
"text": [
"seamless playback"
],
"answer_start": [
234
]
} |
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