id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 217 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
572998921d04691400779569 | Insect | Many of these species have adaptations to help in under-water locomotion. Water beetles and water bugs have legs adapted into paddle-like structures. Dragonfly naiads use jet propulsion, forcibly expelling water out of their rectal chamber. Some species like the water striders are capable of walking on the surface of w... | Rove beetle Stenus emit what type of gland secretions? | {
"text": [
"pygidial"
],
"answer_start": [
595
]
} |
572999816aef05140015500c | Insect | Insect ecology is the scientific study of how insects, individually or as a community, interact with the surrounding environment or ecosystem.:3 Insects play one of the most important roles in their ecosystems, which includes many roles, such as soil turning and aeration, dung burial, pest control, pollination and wild... | Learning how insects interact with the surrounding environment is called what? | {
"text": [
"Insect ecology"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
572999816aef05140015500d | Insect | Insect ecology is the scientific study of how insects, individually or as a community, interact with the surrounding environment or ecosystem.:3 Insects play one of the most important roles in their ecosystems, which includes many roles, such as soil turning and aeration, dung burial, pest control, pollination and wild... | Another term for surrounding environment is what? | {
"text": [
"ecosystem"
],
"answer_start": [
132
]
} |
572999816aef05140015500e | Insect | Insect ecology is the scientific study of how insects, individually or as a community, interact with the surrounding environment or ecosystem.:3 Insects play one of the most important roles in their ecosystems, which includes many roles, such as soil turning and aeration, dung burial, pest control, pollination and wild... | What kind of role do insects play in their ecosystem? | {
"text": [
"important"
],
"answer_start": [
174
]
} |
572999816aef05140015500f | Insect | Insect ecology is the scientific study of how insects, individually or as a community, interact with the surrounding environment or ecosystem.:3 Insects play one of the most important roles in their ecosystems, which includes many roles, such as soil turning and aeration, dung burial, pest control, pollination and wild... | What type of burial do insects engage in? | {
"text": [
"dung"
],
"answer_start": [
273
]
} |
572999816aef051400155010 | Insect | Insect ecology is the scientific study of how insects, individually or as a community, interact with the surrounding environment or ecosystem.:3 Insects play one of the most important roles in their ecosystems, which includes many roles, such as soil turning and aeration, dung burial, pest control, pollination and wild... | Beetles are also known as what? | {
"text": [
"scavengers"
],
"answer_start": [
373
]
} |
57299a913f37b319004784ed | Insect | Camouflage is an important defense strategy, which involves the use of coloration or shape to blend into the surrounding environment. This sort of protective coloration is common and widespread among beetle families, especially those that feed on wood or vegetation, such as many of the leaf beetles (family Chrysomelida... | What is an important defense strategy for insects to survive? | {
"text": [
"Camouflage"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
57299a913f37b319004784ee | Insect | Camouflage is an important defense strategy, which involves the use of coloration or shape to blend into the surrounding environment. This sort of protective coloration is common and widespread among beetle families, especially those that feed on wood or vegetation, such as many of the leaf beetles (family Chrysomelida... | What does coloration and shape help an insect do in the surrounding environment? | {
"text": [
"blend"
],
"answer_start": [
94
]
} |
57299a913f37b319004784ef | Insect | Camouflage is an important defense strategy, which involves the use of coloration or shape to blend into the surrounding environment. This sort of protective coloration is common and widespread among beetle families, especially those that feed on wood or vegetation, such as many of the leaf beetles (family Chrysomelida... | Protective coloring is common in what insect family? | {
"text": [
"beetle"
],
"answer_start": [
200
]
} |
57299a913f37b319004784f0 | Insect | Camouflage is an important defense strategy, which involves the use of coloration or shape to blend into the surrounding environment. This sort of protective coloration is common and widespread among beetle families, especially those that feed on wood or vegetation, such as many of the leaf beetles (family Chrysomelida... | What is Chrysomelidae? | {
"text": [
"leaf beetles"
],
"answer_start": [
287
]
} |
57299a913f37b319004784f1 | Insect | Camouflage is an important defense strategy, which involves the use of coloration or shape to blend into the surrounding environment. This sort of protective coloration is common and widespread among beetle families, especially those that feed on wood or vegetation, such as many of the leaf beetles (family Chrysomelida... | A beetle can resemble what kind of dung? | {
"text": [
"bird dung"
],
"answer_start": [
437
]
} |
57299bd7af94a219006aa561 | Insect | Another defense that often uses color or shape to deceive potential enemies is mimicry. A number of longhorn beetles (family Cerambycidae) bear a striking resemblance to wasps, which helps them avoid predation even though the beetles are in fact harmless. Batesian and Müllerian mimicry complexes are commonly found in L... | Mimicry is another type of what kid of strategy? | {
"text": [
"defense"
],
"answer_start": [
8
]
} |
57299bd7af94a219006aa562 | Insect | Another defense that often uses color or shape to deceive potential enemies is mimicry. A number of longhorn beetles (family Cerambycidae) bear a striking resemblance to wasps, which helps them avoid predation even though the beetles are in fact harmless. Batesian and Müllerian mimicry complexes are commonly found in L... | Mimicry is used to do what to potential enemies? | {
"text": [
"deceive"
],
"answer_start": [
50
]
} |
57299bd7af94a219006aa563 | Insect | Another defense that often uses color or shape to deceive potential enemies is mimicry. A number of longhorn beetles (family Cerambycidae) bear a striking resemblance to wasps, which helps them avoid predation even though the beetles are in fact harmless. Batesian and Müllerian mimicry complexes are commonly found in L... | Longhorn beetles look similar to what other insect? | {
"text": [
"wasps"
],
"answer_start": [
170
]
} |
57299bd7af94a219006aa564 | Insect | Another defense that often uses color or shape to deceive potential enemies is mimicry. A number of longhorn beetles (family Cerambycidae) bear a striking resemblance to wasps, which helps them avoid predation even though the beetles are in fact harmless. Batesian and Müllerian mimicry complexes are commonly found in L... | Mimicry complexes are usually found where? | {
"text": [
"in Lepidoptera"
],
"answer_start": [
316
]
} |
57299bd7af94a219006aa565 | Insect | Another defense that often uses color or shape to deceive potential enemies is mimicry. A number of longhorn beetles (family Cerambycidae) bear a striking resemblance to wasps, which helps them avoid predation even though the beetles are in fact harmless. Batesian and Müllerian mimicry complexes are commonly found in L... | What is a well known Mullerian complex? | {
"text": [
"Taxa"
],
"answer_start": [
1037
]
} |
57299cebaf94a219006aa56b | Insect | Chemical defense is another important defense found amongst species of Coleoptera and Lepidoptera, usually being advertised by bright colors, such as the Monarch butterfly. They obtain their toxicity by sequestering the chemicals from the plants they eat into their own tissues. Some Lepidoptera manufacture their own to... | What kind of defense is found in the Coleoptera species? | {
"text": [
"Chemical"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
57299cebaf94a219006aa56c | Insect | Chemical defense is another important defense found amongst species of Coleoptera and Lepidoptera, usually being advertised by bright colors, such as the Monarch butterfly. They obtain their toxicity by sequestering the chemicals from the plants they eat into their own tissues. Some Lepidoptera manufacture their own to... | What chemical defense is used by the Monarch butterfly? | {
"text": [
"bright colors"
],
"answer_start": [
127
]
} |
57299cebaf94a219006aa56d | Insect | Chemical defense is another important defense found amongst species of Coleoptera and Lepidoptera, usually being advertised by bright colors, such as the Monarch butterfly. They obtain their toxicity by sequestering the chemicals from the plants they eat into their own tissues. Some Lepidoptera manufacture their own to... | Insects become toxic by doing what with the chemicals from plants? | {
"text": [
"sequestering"
],
"answer_start": [
203
]
} |
57299cebaf94a219006aa56e | Insect | Chemical defense is another important defense found amongst species of Coleoptera and Lepidoptera, usually being advertised by bright colors, such as the Monarch butterfly. They obtain their toxicity by sequestering the chemicals from the plants they eat into their own tissues. Some Lepidoptera manufacture their own to... | Which insect manufactures it's own toxins? | {
"text": [
"Lepidoptera"
],
"answer_start": [
284
]
} |
57299cebaf94a219006aa56f | Insect | Chemical defense is another important defense found amongst species of Coleoptera and Lepidoptera, usually being advertised by bright colors, such as the Monarch butterfly. They obtain their toxicity by sequestering the chemicals from the plants they eat into their own tissues. Some Lepidoptera manufacture their own to... | Some beetles can spray what from their abdomen? | {
"text": [
"chemicals"
],
"answer_start": [
723
]
} |
57299e233f37b319004784ff | Insect | Pollination is the process by which pollen is transferred in the reproduction of plants, thereby enabling fertilisation and sexual reproduction. Most flowering plants require an animal to do the transportation. While other animals are included as pollinators, the majority of pollination is done by insects. Because inse... | Pollen transferred in the reproduction of plants is called? | {
"text": [
"Pollination"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
57299e233f37b31900478500 | Insect | Pollination is the process by which pollen is transferred in the reproduction of plants, thereby enabling fertilisation and sexual reproduction. Most flowering plants require an animal to do the transportation. While other animals are included as pollinators, the majority of pollination is done by insects. Because inse... | What is required to transport pollen? | {
"text": [
"an animal"
],
"answer_start": [
175
]
} |
57299e233f37b31900478501 | Insect | Pollination is the process by which pollen is transferred in the reproduction of plants, thereby enabling fertilisation and sexual reproduction. Most flowering plants require an animal to do the transportation. While other animals are included as pollinators, the majority of pollination is done by insects. Because inse... | Most pollination is completed by what? | {
"text": [
"insects"
],
"answer_start": [
299
]
} |
57299e233f37b31900478502 | Insect | Pollination is the process by which pollen is transferred in the reproduction of plants, thereby enabling fertilisation and sexual reproduction. Most flowering plants require an animal to do the transportation. While other animals are included as pollinators, the majority of pollination is done by insects. Because inse... | What do insects receive in return for pollination? | {
"text": [
"energy rich nectar"
],
"answer_start": [
383
]
} |
57299e233f37b31900478503 | Insect | Pollination is the process by which pollen is transferred in the reproduction of plants, thereby enabling fertilisation and sexual reproduction. Most flowering plants require an animal to do the transportation. While other animals are included as pollinators, the majority of pollination is done by insects. Because inse... | Flowers that allow only one type of pollinator is called what? | {
"text": [
"pollination syndromes"
],
"answer_start": [
566
]
} |
57299ef46aef05140015503c | Insect | Many insects are considered pests by humans. Insects commonly regarded as pests include those that are parasitic (e.g. lice, bed bugs), transmit diseases (mosquitoes, flies), damage structures (termites), or destroy agricultural goods (locusts, weevils). Many entomologists are involved in various forms of pest control,... | Humans consider insects as what? | {
"text": [
"pests"
],
"answer_start": [
28
]
} |
57299ef46aef05140015503d | Insect | Many insects are considered pests by humans. Insects commonly regarded as pests include those that are parasitic (e.g. lice, bed bugs), transmit diseases (mosquitoes, flies), damage structures (termites), or destroy agricultural goods (locusts, weevils). Many entomologists are involved in various forms of pest control,... | Lice and bed bugs are considered what kind of insect? | {
"text": [
"parasitic"
],
"answer_start": [
103
]
} |
57299ef46aef05140015503e | Insect | Many insects are considered pests by humans. Insects commonly regarded as pests include those that are parasitic (e.g. lice, bed bugs), transmit diseases (mosquitoes, flies), damage structures (termites), or destroy agricultural goods (locusts, weevils). Many entomologists are involved in various forms of pest control,... | Flies and what other kind of insect transmit diseases? | {
"text": [
"mosquitoes"
],
"answer_start": [
155
]
} |
57299ef46aef05140015503f | Insect | Many insects are considered pests by humans. Insects commonly regarded as pests include those that are parasitic (e.g. lice, bed bugs), transmit diseases (mosquitoes, flies), damage structures (termites), or destroy agricultural goods (locusts, weevils). Many entomologists are involved in various forms of pest control,... | What kind of insect can damage architectural structures? | {
"text": [
"termites"
],
"answer_start": [
194
]
} |
57299ef46aef051400155040 | Insect | Many insects are considered pests by humans. Insects commonly regarded as pests include those that are parasitic (e.g. lice, bed bugs), transmit diseases (mosquitoes, flies), damage structures (termites), or destroy agricultural goods (locusts, weevils). Many entomologists are involved in various forms of pest control,... | Locusts destroy what? | {
"text": [
"agricultural goods"
],
"answer_start": [
216
]
} |
57299ff56aef051400155046 | Insect | Although pest insects attract the most attention, many insects are beneficial to the environment and to humans. Some insects, like wasps, bees, butterflies and ants, pollinate flowering plants. Pollination is a mutualistic relationship between plants and insects. As insects gather nectar from different plants of the sa... | What kind of insects attract the most attention from humans? | {
"text": [
"pest insects"
],
"answer_start": [
9
]
} |
57299ff56aef051400155047 | Insect | Although pest insects attract the most attention, many insects are beneficial to the environment and to humans. Some insects, like wasps, bees, butterflies and ants, pollinate flowering plants. Pollination is a mutualistic relationship between plants and insects. As insects gather nectar from different plants of the sa... | Many insects are what to the environment? | {
"text": [
"beneficial"
],
"answer_start": [
67
]
} |
57299ff56aef051400155048 | Insect | Although pest insects attract the most attention, many insects are beneficial to the environment and to humans. Some insects, like wasps, bees, butterflies and ants, pollinate flowering plants. Pollination is a mutualistic relationship between plants and insects. As insects gather nectar from different plants of the sa... | What do bees, wasps, butterflies, and ants do to flowers? | {
"text": [
"pollinate"
],
"answer_start": [
166
]
} |
57299ff56aef051400155049 | Insect | Although pest insects attract the most attention, many insects are beneficial to the environment and to humans. Some insects, like wasps, bees, butterflies and ants, pollinate flowering plants. Pollination is a mutualistic relationship between plants and insects. As insects gather nectar from different plants of the sa... | What do insects gather from plants? | {
"text": [
"nectar"
],
"answer_start": [
282
]
} |
57299ff56aef05140015504a | Insect | Although pest insects attract the most attention, many insects are beneficial to the environment and to humans. Some insects, like wasps, bees, butterflies and ants, pollinate flowering plants. Pollination is a mutualistic relationship between plants and insects. As insects gather nectar from different plants of the sa... | What kind of environmental problem would occur without pollination? | {
"text": [
"serious"
],
"answer_start": [
800
]
} |
5729a1066aef051400155050 | Insect | Insectivorous insects, or insects which feed on other insects, are beneficial to humans because they eat insects that could cause damage to agriculture and human structures. For example, aphids feed on crops and cause problems for farmers, but ladybugs feed on aphids, and can be used as a means to get significantly red... | What insects feed on other insects? | {
"text": [
"Insectivorous"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
5729a1066aef051400155051 | Insect | Insectivorous insects, or insects which feed on other insects, are beneficial to humans because they eat insects that could cause damage to agriculture and human structures. For example, aphids feed on crops and cause problems for farmers, but ladybugs feed on aphids, and can be used as a means to get significantly red... | Insectivorous insects are beneficial or harmful to humans? | {
"text": [
"beneficial"
],
"answer_start": [
67
]
} |
5729a1066aef051400155052 | Insect | Insectivorous insects, or insects which feed on other insects, are beneficial to humans because they eat insects that could cause damage to agriculture and human structures. For example, aphids feed on crops and cause problems for farmers, but ladybugs feed on aphids, and can be used as a means to get significantly red... | What insect feeds on aphids? | {
"text": [
"ladybugs"
],
"answer_start": [
244
]
} |
5729a1066aef051400155053 | Insect | Insectivorous insects, or insects which feed on other insects, are beneficial to humans because they eat insects that could cause damage to agriculture and human structures. For example, aphids feed on crops and cause problems for farmers, but ladybugs feed on aphids, and can be used as a means to get significantly red... | What are the most visible predators of insects? | {
"text": [
"birds"
],
"answer_start": [
354
]
} |
5729a1066aef051400155054 | Insect | Insectivorous insects, or insects which feed on other insects, are beneficial to humans because they eat insects that could cause damage to agriculture and human structures. For example, aphids feed on crops and cause problems for farmers, but ladybugs feed on aphids, and can be used as a means to get significantly red... | What is the largest consumer of insects? | {
"text": [
"insects themselves"
],
"answer_start": [
407
]
} |
5729a26f3f37b3190047852b | Insect | Insects play important roles in biological research. For example, because of its small size, short generation time and high fecundity, the common fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is a model organism for studies in the genetics of higher eukaryotes. D. melanogaster has been an essential part of studies into principles ... | Insects play prominent roles in what? | {
"text": [
"biological research"
],
"answer_start": [
32
]
} |
5729a26f3f37b3190047852c | Insect | Insects play important roles in biological research. For example, because of its small size, short generation time and high fecundity, the common fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is a model organism for studies in the genetics of higher eukaryotes. D. melanogaster has been an essential part of studies into principles ... | What is a common insect used for research purposes? | {
"text": [
"fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster"
],
"answer_start": [
146
]
} |
5729a26f3f37b3190047852d | Insect | Insects play important roles in biological research. For example, because of its small size, short generation time and high fecundity, the common fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is a model organism for studies in the genetics of higher eukaryotes. D. melanogaster has been an essential part of studies into principles ... | Drosophila has helped develop principles in what kind of linkage? | {
"text": [
"genetic"
],
"answer_start": [
325
]
} |
5729a26f3f37b3190047852e | Insect | Insects play important roles in biological research. For example, because of its small size, short generation time and high fecundity, the common fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is a model organism for studies in the genetics of higher eukaryotes. D. melanogaster has been an essential part of studies into principles ... | Genetic systems are conserved among what? | {
"text": [
"eukaryotes"
],
"answer_start": [
478
]
} |
5729a26f3f37b3190047852f | Insect | Insects play important roles in biological research. For example, because of its small size, short generation time and high fecundity, the common fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is a model organism for studies in the genetics of higher eukaryotes. D. melanogaster has been an essential part of studies into principles ... | What percent of the fly genome is similar to the human genome | {
"text": [
"70%"
],
"answer_start": [
796
]
} |
5729a3d56aef051400155074 | Insect | In some cultures, insects, especially deep-fried cicadas, are considered to be delicacies, while in other places they form part of the normal diet. Insects have a high protein content for their mass, and some authors suggest their potential as a major source of protein in human nutrition.:10–13 In most first-world coun... | Insects are considered as what in some cultures? | {
"text": [
"delicacies"
],
"answer_start": [
79
]
} |
5729a3d56aef051400155075 | Insect | In some cultures, insects, especially deep-fried cicadas, are considered to be delicacies, while in other places they form part of the normal diet. Insects have a high protein content for their mass, and some authors suggest their potential as a major source of protein in human nutrition.:10–13 In most first-world coun... | What deep-fried insect is part of the normal diet in some cultures? | {
"text": [
"cicadas"
],
"answer_start": [
49
]
} |
5729a3d56aef051400155076 | Insect | In some cultures, insects, especially deep-fried cicadas, are considered to be delicacies, while in other places they form part of the normal diet. Insects have a high protein content for their mass, and some authors suggest their potential as a major source of protein in human nutrition.:10–13 In most first-world coun... | Insects have what kind of protein content? | {
"text": [
"high"
],
"answer_start": [
163
]
} |
5729a3d56aef051400155077 | Insect | In some cultures, insects, especially deep-fried cicadas, are considered to be delicacies, while in other places they form part of the normal diet. Insects have a high protein content for their mass, and some authors suggest their potential as a major source of protein in human nutrition.:10–13 In most first-world coun... | What is the term for eating insects? | {
"text": [
"entomophagy"
],
"answer_start": [
336
]
} |
5729a3d56aef051400155078 | Insect | In some cultures, insects, especially deep-fried cicadas, are considered to be delicacies, while in other places they form part of the normal diet. Insects have a high protein content for their mass, and some authors suggest their potential as a major source of protein in human nutrition.:10–13 In most first-world coun... | Where is eating insects considered taboo? | {
"text": [
"first-world countries"
],
"answer_start": [
304
]
} |
5729a5f51d046914007795a3 | Insect | Scarab beetles held religious and cultural symbolism in Old Egypt, Greece and some shamanistic Old World cultures. The ancient Chinese regarded cicadas as symbols of rebirth or immortality. In Mesopotamian literature, the epic poem of Gilgamesh has allusions to Odonata which signify the impossibility of immortality. Am... | What ancient world insect is considered symbolic? | {
"text": [
"Scarab beetles"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
5729a5f51d046914007795a4 | Insect | Scarab beetles held religious and cultural symbolism in Old Egypt, Greece and some shamanistic Old World cultures. The ancient Chinese regarded cicadas as symbols of rebirth or immortality. In Mesopotamian literature, the epic poem of Gilgamesh has allusions to Odonata which signify the impossibility of immortality. Am... | Cicadas symbolize immortality in what culture? | {
"text": [
"Chinese"
],
"answer_start": [
127
]
} |
5729a5f51d046914007795a5 | Insect | Scarab beetles held religious and cultural symbolism in Old Egypt, Greece and some shamanistic Old World cultures. The ancient Chinese regarded cicadas as symbols of rebirth or immortality. In Mesopotamian literature, the epic poem of Gilgamesh has allusions to Odonata which signify the impossibility of immortality. Am... | What kind of ants are symbolic among the Australian Aborigines? | {
"text": [
"honey ants"
],
"answer_start": [
387
]
} |
5729a5f51d046914007795a6 | Insect | Scarab beetles held religious and cultural symbolism in Old Egypt, Greece and some shamanistic Old World cultures. The ancient Chinese regarded cicadas as symbols of rebirth or immortality. In Mesopotamian literature, the epic poem of Gilgamesh has allusions to Odonata which signify the impossibility of immortality. Am... | The praying mantis symbolizes patience and what else? | {
"text": [
"creation"
],
"answer_start": [
574
]
} |
5729a5f51d046914007795a7 | Insect | Scarab beetles held religious and cultural symbolism in Old Egypt, Greece and some shamanistic Old World cultures. The ancient Chinese regarded cicadas as symbols of rebirth or immortality. In Mesopotamian literature, the epic poem of Gilgamesh has allusions to Odonata which signify the impossibility of immortality. Am... | Witchety grubs serve as personal clan totems in what country? | {
"text": [
"Australia"
],
"answer_start": [
344
]
} |
5728ad892ca10214002da5a6 | Race_(human_categorization) | Even though there is a broad scientific agreement that essentialist and typological conceptualizations of race are untenable, scientists around the world continue to conceptualize race in widely differing ways, some of which have essentialist implications. While some researchers sometimes use the concept of race to mak... | What do all living humans belong to? | {
"text": [
"the same species"
],
"answer_start": [
599
]
} |
5728ad892ca10214002da5a7 | Race_(human_categorization) | Even though there is a broad scientific agreement that essentialist and typological conceptualizations of race are untenable, scientists around the world continue to conceptualize race in widely differing ways, some of which have essentialist implications. While some researchers sometimes use the concept of race to mak... | What species are all humans? | {
"text": [
"Homo sapiens"
],
"answer_start": [
617
]
} |
5728ad892ca10214002da5a8 | Race_(human_categorization) | Even though there is a broad scientific agreement that essentialist and typological conceptualizations of race are untenable, scientists around the world continue to conceptualize race in widely differing ways, some of which have essentialist implications. While some researchers sometimes use the concept of race to mak... | Race has no taxonomic significance among whom? | {
"text": [
"humans"
],
"answer_start": [
507
]
} |
5728ad892ca10214002da5a9 | Race_(human_categorization) | Even though there is a broad scientific agreement that essentialist and typological conceptualizations of race are untenable, scientists around the world continue to conceptualize race in widely differing ways, some of which have essentialist implications. While some researchers sometimes use the concept of race to mak... | What set of traits do some scientists use race to make distinctions among? | {
"text": [
"fuzzy"
],
"answer_start": [
341
]
} |
5728ad892ca10214002da5aa | Race_(human_categorization) | Even though there is a broad scientific agreement that essentialist and typological conceptualizations of race are untenable, scientists around the world continue to conceptualize race in widely differing ways, some of which have essentialist implications. While some researchers sometimes use the concept of race to mak... | How do scientists around the world continue to conceptualize race? | {
"text": [
"in widely differing ways"
],
"answer_start": [
185
]
} |
5728c94a2ca10214002da7c6 | Race_(human_categorization) | There is a wide consensus that the racial categories that are common in everyday usage are socially constructed, and that racial groups cannot be biologically defined. Nonetheless, some scholars argue that racial categories obviously correlate with biological traits (e.g. phenotype) to some degree, and that certain gen... | What type of group can't be biologically defined? | {
"text": [
"racial"
],
"answer_start": [
122
]
} |
5728c94a2ca10214002da7c7 | Race_(human_categorization) | There is a wide consensus that the racial categories that are common in everyday usage are socially constructed, and that racial groups cannot be biologically defined. Nonetheless, some scholars argue that racial categories obviously correlate with biological traits (e.g. phenotype) to some degree, and that certain gen... | What type of categorization in every day usage is there wide agreement it is only a social construct? | {
"text": [
"racial"
],
"answer_start": [
35
]
} |
5728c94a2ca10214002da7c8 | Race_(human_categorization) | There is a wide consensus that the racial categories that are common in everyday usage are socially constructed, and that racial groups cannot be biologically defined. Nonetheless, some scholars argue that racial categories obviously correlate with biological traits (e.g. phenotype) to some degree, and that certain gen... | What do some people contend racial categories are obviously correlated with? | {
"text": [
"biological traits"
],
"answer_start": [
249
]
} |
5728c94a2ca10214002da7c9 | Race_(human_categorization) | There is a wide consensus that the racial categories that are common in everyday usage are socially constructed, and that racial groups cannot be biologically defined. Nonetheless, some scholars argue that racial categories obviously correlate with biological traits (e.g. phenotype) to some degree, and that certain gen... | Some genetic markers have varying frequencies among what populations? | {
"text": [
"human"
],
"answer_start": [
364
]
} |
5728c94a2ca10214002da7ca | Race_(human_categorization) | There is a wide consensus that the racial categories that are common in everyday usage are socially constructed, and that racial groups cannot be biologically defined. Nonetheless, some scholars argue that racial categories obviously correlate with biological traits (e.g. phenotype) to some degree, and that certain gen... | What is the majority opinion on whether racial categories can be considered to have impact on human genetic variation? | {
"text": [
"no current consensus"
],
"answer_start": [
480
]
} |
5728cd6b4b864d1900164e68 | Race_(human_categorization) | When people define and talk about a particular conception of race, they create a social reality through which social categorization is achieved. In this sense, races are said to be social constructs. These constructs develop within various legal, economic, and sociopolitical contexts, and may be the effect, rather than... | How do people create a social reality in which social categorization is achieved? | {
"text": [
"define and talk about a particular conception of race"
],
"answer_start": [
12
]
} |
5728cd6b4b864d1900164e69 | Race_(human_categorization) | When people define and talk about a particular conception of race, they create a social reality through which social categorization is achieved. In this sense, races are said to be social constructs. These constructs develop within various legal, economic, and sociopolitical contexts, and may be the effect, rather than... | What can be said to be a social construct? | {
"text": [
"races"
],
"answer_start": [
160
]
} |
5728cd6b4b864d1900164e6a | Race_(human_categorization) | When people define and talk about a particular conception of race, they create a social reality through which social categorization is achieved. In this sense, races are said to be social constructs. These constructs develop within various legal, economic, and sociopolitical contexts, and may be the effect, rather than... | What contexts do racial social constructs develop within? | {
"text": [
"legal, economic, and sociopolitical"
],
"answer_start": [
240
]
} |
5728cd6b4b864d1900164e6b | Race_(human_categorization) | When people define and talk about a particular conception of race, they create a social reality through which social categorization is achieved. In this sense, races are said to be social constructs. These constructs develop within various legal, economic, and sociopolitical contexts, and may be the effect, rather than... | Constructs may be the result rather than the inciter of what? | {
"text": [
"major social situations"
],
"answer_start": [
335
]
} |
5728cd6b4b864d1900164e6c | Race_(human_categorization) | When people define and talk about a particular conception of race, they create a social reality through which social categorization is achieved. In this sense, races are said to be social constructs. These constructs develop within various legal, economic, and sociopolitical contexts, and may be the effect, rather than... | What effect does race have in the lives of people? | {
"text": [
"real material"
],
"answer_start": [
453
]
} |
5728ce6b4b864d1900164e86 | Race_(human_categorization) | Socioeconomic factors, in combination with early but enduring views of race, have led to considerable suffering within disadvantaged racial groups. Racial discrimination often coincides with racist mindsets, whereby the individuals and ideologies of one group come to perceive the members of an outgroup as both racially... | Socioeconomic factors and enduring views on race has led to what for certain racial groups? | {
"text": [
"considerable suffering"
],
"answer_start": [
89
]
} |
5728ce6b4b864d1900164e87 | Race_(human_categorization) | Socioeconomic factors, in combination with early but enduring views of race, have led to considerable suffering within disadvantaged racial groups. Racial discrimination often coincides with racist mindsets, whereby the individuals and ideologies of one group come to perceive the members of an outgroup as both racially... | What is discrimination often paired with? | {
"text": [
"racist mindsets"
],
"answer_start": [
191
]
} |
5728ce6b4b864d1900164e88 | Race_(human_categorization) | Socioeconomic factors, in combination with early but enduring views of race, have led to considerable suffering within disadvantaged racial groups. Racial discrimination often coincides with racist mindsets, whereby the individuals and ideologies of one group come to perceive the members of an outgroup as both racially... | What do members of one group typically perceive the moral standing of outgroups as? | {
"text": [
"inferior"
],
"answer_start": [
341
]
} |
5728ce6b4b864d1900164e89 | Race_(human_categorization) | Socioeconomic factors, in combination with early but enduring views of race, have led to considerable suffering within disadvantaged racial groups. Racial discrimination often coincides with racist mindsets, whereby the individuals and ideologies of one group come to perceive the members of an outgroup as both racially... | What do groups with less power often find themselves? | {
"text": [
"excluded or oppressed"
],
"answer_start": [
435
]
} |
5728ce6b4b864d1900164e8a | Race_(human_categorization) | Socioeconomic factors, in combination with early but enduring views of race, have led to considerable suffering within disadvantaged racial groups. Racial discrimination often coincides with racist mindsets, whereby the individuals and ideologies of one group come to perceive the members of an outgroup as both racially... | What has led to many tragic instances of events like slavery and genocide? | {
"text": [
"Racism"
],
"answer_start": [
546
]
} |
5728cf173acd2414000dff09 | Race_(human_categorization) | In some countries, law enforcement uses race to profile suspects. This use of racial categories is frequently criticized for perpetuating an outmoded understanding of human biological variation, and promoting stereotypes. Because in some societies racial groupings correspond closely with patterns of social stratificati... | What does law enforcement in some countries use to profile suspects? | {
"text": [
"race"
],
"answer_start": [
40
]
} |
5728cf173acd2414000dff0a | Race_(human_categorization) | In some countries, law enforcement uses race to profile suspects. This use of racial categories is frequently criticized for perpetuating an outmoded understanding of human biological variation, and promoting stereotypes. Because in some societies racial groupings correspond closely with patterns of social stratificati... | Why is using racial categorization for profiling often criticized? | {
"text": [
"perpetuating an outmoded understanding of human biological variation"
],
"answer_start": [
125
]
} |
5728cf173acd2414000dff0b | Race_(human_categorization) | In some countries, law enforcement uses race to profile suspects. This use of racial categories is frequently criticized for perpetuating an outmoded understanding of human biological variation, and promoting stereotypes. Because in some societies racial groupings correspond closely with patterns of social stratificati... | What promotes stereotypes? | {
"text": [
"use of racial categories"
],
"answer_start": [
71
]
} |
5728cf173acd2414000dff0c | Race_(human_categorization) | In some countries, law enforcement uses race to profile suspects. This use of racial categories is frequently criticized for perpetuating an outmoded understanding of human biological variation, and promoting stereotypes. Because in some societies racial groupings correspond closely with patterns of social stratificati... | Who can race serve as a significant factor when studying social inequality? | {
"text": [
"social scientists"
],
"answer_start": [
328
]
} |
5728cf173acd2414000dff0d | Race_(human_categorization) | In some countries, law enforcement uses race to profile suspects. This use of racial categories is frequently criticized for perpetuating an outmoded understanding of human biological variation, and promoting stereotypes. Because in some societies racial groupings correspond closely with patterns of social stratificati... | What may in part reflect subjective attributes, self-identities and social institutions? | {
"text": [
"sociological factors"
],
"answer_start": [
413
]
} |
5728d7ba3acd2414000e0001 | Race_(human_categorization) | Groups of humans have always identified themselves as distinct from neighboring groups, but such differences have not always been understood to be natural, immutable and global. These features are the distinguishing features of how the concept of race is used today. In this way the idea of race as we understand it toda... | What have human groups always considered themselves as compared to other nearby groups? | {
"text": [
"distinct"
],
"answer_start": [
54
]
} |
5728d7ba3acd2414000e0002 | Race_(human_categorization) | Groups of humans have always identified themselves as distinct from neighboring groups, but such differences have not always been understood to be natural, immutable and global. These features are the distinguishing features of how the concept of race is used today. In this way the idea of race as we understand it toda... | What have differences among groups not typically been perceived as being? | {
"text": [
"natural, immutable and global"
],
"answer_start": [
147
]
} |
5728d7ba3acd2414000e0003 | Race_(human_categorization) | Groups of humans have always identified themselves as distinct from neighboring groups, but such differences have not always been understood to be natural, immutable and global. These features are the distinguishing features of how the concept of race is used today. In this way the idea of race as we understand it toda... | During which process did our current idea of race come about? | {
"text": [
"exploration and conquest"
],
"answer_start": [
366
]
} |
5728d7ba3acd2414000e0004 | Race_(human_categorization) | Groups of humans have always identified themselves as distinct from neighboring groups, but such differences have not always been understood to be natural, immutable and global. These features are the distinguishing features of how the concept of race is used today. In this way the idea of race as we understand it toda... | Where did Europeans come into contact with other groups? | {
"text": [
"different continents"
],
"answer_start": [
445
]
} |
5728d7ba3acd2414000e0005 | Race_(human_categorization) | Groups of humans have always identified themselves as distinct from neighboring groups, but such differences have not always been understood to be natural, immutable and global. These features are the distinguishing features of how the concept of race is used today. In this way the idea of race as we understand it toda... | What ideaology is found in the natural sciences? | {
"text": [
"classification and typology"
],
"answer_start": [
490
]
} |
5728d9162ca10214002da964 | Race_(human_categorization) | The European concept of "race", along with many of the ideas now associated with the term, arose at the time of the scientific revolution, which introduced and privileged the study of natural kinds, and the age of European imperialism and colonization which established political relations between Europeans and peoples ... | When did many of the ideas associated with the term "race" arise? | {
"text": [
"time of the scientific revolution"
],
"answer_start": [
104
]
} |
5728d9162ca10214002da965 | Race_(human_categorization) | The European concept of "race", along with many of the ideas now associated with the term, arose at the time of the scientific revolution, which introduced and privileged the study of natural kinds, and the age of European imperialism and colonization which established political relations between Europeans and peoples ... | What created relations between Europeans and people with different cultures? | {
"text": [
"colonization"
],
"answer_start": [
239
]
} |
5728d9162ca10214002da966 | Race_(human_categorization) | The European concept of "race", along with many of the ideas now associated with the term, arose at the time of the scientific revolution, which introduced and privileged the study of natural kinds, and the age of European imperialism and colonization which established political relations between Europeans and peoples ... | Who speculated about the observable difference among different groups of humans? | {
"text": [
"Europeans"
],
"answer_start": [
372
]
} |
5728d9162ca10214002da967 | Race_(human_categorization) | The European concept of "race", along with many of the ideas now associated with the term, arose at the time of the scientific revolution, which introduced and privileged the study of natural kinds, and the age of European imperialism and colonization which established political relations between Europeans and peoples ... | Justifying the subordination of what group was one of the incentives to categorize human groups? | {
"text": [
"African slaves"
],
"answer_start": [
747
]
} |
5728d9162ca10214002da968 | Race_(human_categorization) | The European concept of "race", along with many of the ideas now associated with the term, arose at the time of the scientific revolution, which introduced and privileged the study of natural kinds, and the age of European imperialism and colonization which established political relations between Europeans and peoples ... | What groups has there always been brutal conflict between? | {
"text": [
"ethnic"
],
"answer_start": [
1602
]
} |
5728d9f14b864d1900164f8c | Race_(human_categorization) | The first post-Classical published classification of humans into distinct races seems to be François Bernier's Nouvelle division de la terre par les différents espèces ou races qui l'habitent ("New division of Earth by the different species or races which inhabit it"), published in 1684. In the 18th century the differe... | Who was the author of the first published book classifying humans into distinct races? | {
"text": [
"François Bernier"
],
"answer_start": [
92
]
} |
5728d9f14b864d1900164f8d | Race_(human_categorization) | The first post-Classical published classification of humans into distinct races seems to be François Bernier's Nouvelle division de la terre par les différents espèces ou races qui l'habitent ("New division of Earth by the different species or races which inhabit it"), published in 1684. In the 18th century the differe... | In what century did differences among human groups become a focus of science? | {
"text": [
"18th century"
],
"answer_start": [
296
]
} |
5728d9f14b864d1900164f8e | Race_(human_categorization) | The first post-Classical published classification of humans into distinct races seems to be François Bernier's Nouvelle division de la terre par les différents espèces ou races qui l'habitent ("New division of Earth by the different species or races which inhabit it"), published in 1684. In the 18th century the differe... | What race was typically ascribed the most desirable features? | {
"text": [
"White"
],
"answer_start": [
591
]
} |
5728d9f14b864d1900164f8f | Race_(human_categorization) | The first post-Classical published classification of humans into distinct races seems to be François Bernier's Nouvelle division de la terre par les différents espèces ou races qui l'habitent ("New division of Earth by the different species or races which inhabit it"), published in 1684. In the 18th century the differe... | How was Homo sapiens europaeus described as? | {
"text": [
"active, acute, and adventurous"
],
"answer_start": [
1030
]
} |
5728d9f14b864d1900164f90 | Race_(human_categorization) | The first post-Classical published classification of humans into distinct races seems to be François Bernier's Nouvelle division de la terre par les différents espèces ou races qui l'habitent ("New division of Earth by the different species or races which inhabit it"), published in 1684. In the 18th century the differe... | What attributes were bestowed on homo spaiens afer? | {
"text": [
"crafty, lazy, and careless"
],
"answer_start": [
1103
]
} |
5728daea3acd2414000e0053 | Race_(human_categorization) | The 1775 treatise "The Natural Varieties of Mankind", by Johann Friedrich Blumenbach proposed five major divisions: the Caucasoid race, Mongoloid race, Ethiopian race (later termed Negroid, and not to be confused with the narrower Ethiopid race), American Indian race, and Malayan race, but he did not propose any hierar... | What year was Blumenbach's treatise published? | {
"text": [
"1775"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} |
5728daea3acd2414000e0054 | Race_(human_categorization) | The 1775 treatise "The Natural Varieties of Mankind", by Johann Friedrich Blumenbach proposed five major divisions: the Caucasoid race, Mongoloid race, Ethiopian race (later termed Negroid, and not to be confused with the narrower Ethiopid race), American Indian race, and Malayan race, but he did not propose any hierar... | How many divisions did Blumenbach's treatise specify? | {
"text": [
"five"
],
"answer_start": [
94
]
} |
5728daea3acd2414000e0055 | Race_(human_categorization) | The 1775 treatise "The Natural Varieties of Mankind", by Johann Friedrich Blumenbach proposed five major divisions: the Caucasoid race, Mongoloid race, Ethiopian race (later termed Negroid, and not to be confused with the narrower Ethiopid race), American Indian race, and Malayan race, but he did not propose any hierar... | What race was later renamed to Negroid? | {
"text": [
"Ethiopian"
],
"answer_start": [
152
]
} |
5728daea3acd2414000e0056 | Race_(human_categorization) | The 1775 treatise "The Natural Varieties of Mankind", by Johann Friedrich Blumenbach proposed five major divisions: the Caucasoid race, Mongoloid race, Ethiopian race (later termed Negroid, and not to be confused with the narrower Ethiopid race), American Indian race, and Malayan race, but he did not propose any hierar... | What type of transition was noted from one group to the next? | {
"text": [
"graded"
],
"answer_start": [
367
]
} |
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