id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 217 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
5728f1a1af94a219006a9e1d | Samurai | From 1854, the samurai army and the navy were modernized. A Naval training school was established in Nagasaki in 1855. Naval students were sent to study in Western naval schools for several years, starting a tradition of foreign-educated future leaders, such as Admiral Enomoto. French naval engineers were hired to buil... | When was the samurai military modernized? | {
"text": [
"1854"
],
"answer_start": [
5
]
} |
5728f1a1af94a219006a9e1e | Samurai | From 1854, the samurai army and the navy were modernized. A Naval training school was established in Nagasaki in 1855. Naval students were sent to study in Western naval schools for several years, starting a tradition of foreign-educated future leaders, such as Admiral Enomoto. French naval engineers were hired to buil... | Where did Japan open a military school in 1855? | {
"text": [
"Nagasaki"
],
"answer_start": [
101
]
} |
5728f1a1af94a219006a9e1f | Samurai | From 1854, the samurai army and the navy were modernized. A Naval training school was established in Nagasaki in 1855. Naval students were sent to study in Western naval schools for several years, starting a tradition of foreign-educated future leaders, such as Admiral Enomoto. French naval engineers were hired to buil... | What kind of military school did Japan open in 1855? | {
"text": [
"Naval"
],
"answer_start": [
60
]
} |
5728f1a1af94a219006a9e20 | Samurai | From 1854, the samurai army and the navy were modernized. A Naval training school was established in Nagasaki in 1855. Naval students were sent to study in Western naval schools for several years, starting a tradition of foreign-educated future leaders, such as Admiral Enomoto. French naval engineers were hired to buil... | What nationality of engineers did Japan hire to build naval arsenals? | {
"text": [
"tradition"
],
"answer_start": [
208
]
} |
5728f1a1af94a219006a9e21 | Samurai | From 1854, the samurai army and the navy were modernized. A Naval training school was established in Nagasaki in 1855. Naval students were sent to study in Western naval schools for several years, starting a tradition of foreign-educated future leaders, such as Admiral Enomoto. French naval engineers were hired to buil... | How many steam warships did Japan have in 1867? | {
"text": [
"eight"
],
"answer_start": [
465
]
} |
5728f2282ca10214002dab00 | Samurai | Emperor Meiji abolished the samurai's right to be the only armed force in favor of a more modern, western-style, conscripted army in 1873. Samurai became Shizoku (士族) who retained some of their salaries, but the right to wear a katana in public was eventually abolished along with the right to execute commoners who paid... | Who established a western-style army in Japan? | {
"text": [
"Emperor Meiji"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
5728f2282ca10214002dab01 | Samurai | Emperor Meiji abolished the samurai's right to be the only armed force in favor of a more modern, western-style, conscripted army in 1873. Samurai became Shizoku (士族) who retained some of their salaries, but the right to wear a katana in public was eventually abolished along with the right to execute commoners who paid... | When was a western-style army established in Japan? | {
"text": [
"1873"
],
"answer_start": [
133
]
} |
5728f2282ca10214002dab02 | Samurai | Emperor Meiji abolished the samurai's right to be the only armed force in favor of a more modern, western-style, conscripted army in 1873. Samurai became Shizoku (士族) who retained some of their salaries, but the right to wear a katana in public was eventually abolished along with the right to execute commoners who paid... | What did samurai become in 1873? | {
"text": [
"Shizoku"
],
"answer_start": [
154
]
} |
5728f2282ca10214002dab03 | Samurai | Emperor Meiji abolished the samurai's right to be the only armed force in favor of a more modern, western-style, conscripted army in 1873. Samurai became Shizoku (士族) who retained some of their salaries, but the right to wear a katana in public was eventually abolished along with the right to execute commoners who paid... | Who had samurai been allowed to kill? | {
"text": [
"commoners who paid them disrespect"
],
"answer_start": [
302
]
} |
5728f2282ca10214002dab04 | Samurai | Emperor Meiji abolished the samurai's right to be the only armed force in favor of a more modern, western-style, conscripted army in 1873. Samurai became Shizoku (士族) who retained some of their salaries, but the right to wear a katana in public was eventually abolished along with the right to execute commoners who paid... | In what century were the Meiji reforms? | {
"text": [
"19th"
],
"answer_start": [
850
]
} |
5728f2a34b864d1900165102 | Samurai | Samurai were many of the early exchange students, not directly because they were samurai, but because many samurai were literate and well-educated scholars. Some of these exchange students started private schools for higher educations, while many samurai took pens instead of guns and became reporters and writers, setti... | What group made up most of Japan's first exchange students? | {
"text": [
"Samurai"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
5728f2a34b864d1900165103 | Samurai | Samurai were many of the early exchange students, not directly because they were samurai, but because many samurai were literate and well-educated scholars. Some of these exchange students started private schools for higher educations, while many samurai took pens instead of guns and became reporters and writers, setti... | Who started Mitsubishi? | {
"text": [
"Iwasaki Yatarō"
],
"answer_start": [
434
]
} |
5728f2a34b864d1900165104 | Samurai | Samurai were many of the early exchange students, not directly because they were samurai, but because many samurai were literate and well-educated scholars. Some of these exchange students started private schools for higher educations, while many samurai took pens instead of guns and became reporters and writers, setti... | What was Iwasaki's relationship to samurai? | {
"text": [
"great-grandson of a samurai"
],
"answer_start": [
462
]
} |
5728f2a34b864d1900165105 | Samurai | Samurai were many of the early exchange students, not directly because they were samurai, but because many samurai were literate and well-educated scholars. Some of these exchange students started private schools for higher educations, while many samurai took pens instead of guns and became reporters and writers, setti... | What kind of schools did samurai start? | {
"text": [
"private schools for higher educations"
],
"answer_start": [
197
]
} |
5728f2a34b864d1900165106 | Samurai | Samurai were many of the early exchange students, not directly because they were samurai, but because many samurai were literate and well-educated scholars. Some of these exchange students started private schools for higher educations, while many samurai took pens instead of guns and became reporters and writers, setti... | Who did samurai write for? | {
"text": [
"newspaper companies"
],
"answer_start": [
326
]
} |
5728f3026aef05140015489f | Samurai | The philosophies of Buddhism and Zen, and to a lesser extent Confucianism and Shinto, influenced the samurai culture. Zen meditation became an important teaching due to it offering a process to calm one's mind. The Buddhist concept of reincarnation and rebirth led samurai to abandon torture and needless killing, while ... | What type of meditation did samurai do? | {
"text": [
"Zen"
],
"answer_start": [
118
]
} |
5728f3026aef0514001548a0 | Samurai | The philosophies of Buddhism and Zen, and to a lesser extent Confucianism and Shinto, influenced the samurai culture. Zen meditation became an important teaching due to it offering a process to calm one's mind. The Buddhist concept of reincarnation and rebirth led samurai to abandon torture and needless killing, while ... | What caused some samurai to stop fighting? | {
"text": [
"The Buddhist concept of reincarnation and rebirth"
],
"answer_start": [
211
]
} |
5728f3026aef0514001548a1 | Samurai | The philosophies of Buddhism and Zen, and to a lesser extent Confucianism and Shinto, influenced the samurai culture. Zen meditation became an important teaching due to it offering a process to calm one's mind. The Buddhist concept of reincarnation and rebirth led samurai to abandon torture and needless killing, while ... | What was the contribution of Confucianism to samurai? | {
"text": [
"to stress the importance of the lord-retainer relationship"
],
"answer_start": [
600
]
} |
5728f34c4b864d190016510c | Samurai | In the 13th century, Hōjō Shigetoki (1198–1261 AD) wrote: "When one is serving officially or in the master's court, he should not think of a hundred or a thousand people, but should consider only the importance of the master." Carl Steenstrup noted that 13th and 14th century warrior writings (gunki) "portrayed the bush... | When was Hojo Shigetoki born? | {
"text": [
"1198"
],
"answer_start": [
37
]
} |
5728f34c4b864d190016510d | Samurai | In the 13th century, Hōjō Shigetoki (1198–1261 AD) wrote: "When one is serving officially or in the master's court, he should not think of a hundred or a thousand people, but should consider only the importance of the master." Carl Steenstrup noted that 13th and 14th century warrior writings (gunki) "portrayed the bush... | When did Hojo Shigetoki die? | {
"text": [
"1261"
],
"answer_start": [
42
]
} |
5728f34c4b864d190016510e | Samurai | In the 13th century, Hōjō Shigetoki (1198–1261 AD) wrote: "When one is serving officially or in the master's court, he should not think of a hundred or a thousand people, but should consider only the importance of the master." Carl Steenstrup noted that 13th and 14th century warrior writings (gunki) "portrayed the bush... | What were gunki? | {
"text": [
"13th and 14th century warrior writings"
],
"answer_start": [
254
]
} |
5728f34c4b864d190016510f | Samurai | In the 13th century, Hōjō Shigetoki (1198–1261 AD) wrote: "When one is serving officially or in the master's court, he should not think of a hundred or a thousand people, but should consider only the importance of the master." Carl Steenstrup noted that 13th and 14th century warrior writings (gunki) "portrayed the bush... | When was Shiba Yoshimasa born? | {
"text": [
"1350"
],
"answer_start": [
519
]
} |
5728f34c4b864d1900165110 | Samurai | In the 13th century, Hōjō Shigetoki (1198–1261 AD) wrote: "When one is serving officially or in the master's court, he should not think of a hundred or a thousand people, but should consider only the importance of the master." Carl Steenstrup noted that 13th and 14th century warrior writings (gunki) "portrayed the bush... | When did Shiba Yoshimasa die? | {
"text": [
"1410"
],
"answer_start": [
524
]
} |
5728f3a54b864d190016511e | Samurai | "First of all, a samurai who dislikes battle and has not put his heart in the right place even though he has been born in the house of the warrior, should not be reckoned among one's retainers....It is forbidden to forget the great debt of kindness one owes to his master and ancestors and thereby make light of the virt... | What does a samurai has his heart in the wrong place dislike? | {
"text": [
"battle"
],
"answer_start": [
38
]
} |
5728f3a54b864d1900165120 | Samurai | "First of all, a samurai who dislikes battle and has not put his heart in the right place even though he has been born in the house of the warrior, should not be reckoned among one's retainers....It is forbidden to forget the great debt of kindness one owes to his master and ancestors and thereby make light of the virt... | What virtues should samurai not be dismissive of? | {
"text": [
"loyalty and filial piety"
],
"answer_start": [
327
]
} |
5728f41daf94a219006a9e4b | Samurai | Katō Kiyomasa was one of the most powerful and well-known lords of the Sengoku Era. He commanded most of Japan's major clans during the invasion of Korea (1592–1598). In a handbook he addressed to "all samurai, regardless of rank" he told his followers that a warrior's only duty in life was to "...grasp the long and th... | When was Kato Kiyomasa in power? | {
"text": [
"the Sengoku Era"
],
"answer_start": [
67
]
} |
5728f41daf94a219006a9e4c | Samurai | Katō Kiyomasa was one of the most powerful and well-known lords of the Sengoku Era. He commanded most of Japan's major clans during the invasion of Korea (1592–1598). In a handbook he addressed to "all samurai, regardless of rank" he told his followers that a warrior's only duty in life was to "...grasp the long and th... | When did Japan begin invading Korea? | {
"text": [
"1592"
],
"answer_start": [
155
]
} |
5728f41daf94a219006a9e4d | Samurai | Katō Kiyomasa was one of the most powerful and well-known lords of the Sengoku Era. He commanded most of Japan's major clans during the invasion of Korea (1592–1598). In a handbook he addressed to "all samurai, regardless of rank" he told his followers that a warrior's only duty in life was to "...grasp the long and th... | When did Japan finish invading Korea? | {
"text": [
"1598"
],
"answer_start": [
160
]
} |
5728f41daf94a219006a9e4f | Samurai | Katō Kiyomasa was one of the most powerful and well-known lords of the Sengoku Era. He commanded most of Japan's major clans during the invasion of Korea (1592–1598). In a handbook he addressed to "all samurai, regardless of rank" he told his followers that a warrior's only duty in life was to "...grasp the long and th... | What concept did Kato Kiyomasa think should be studied every day? | {
"text": [
"Bushido"
],
"answer_start": [
575
]
} |
5728f45c6aef0514001548b0 | Samurai | Torii Mototada (1539–1600) was a feudal lord in the service of Tokugawa Ieyasu. On the eve of the battle of Sekigahara, he volunteered to remain behind in the doomed Fushimi Castle while his lord advanced to the east. Torii and Tokugawa both agreed that the castle was indefensible. In an act of loyalty to his lord, Tor... | Who did Torii Mototada serve? | {
"text": [
"Tokugawa Ieyasu"
],
"answer_start": [
63
]
} |
5728f45c6aef0514001548b1 | Samurai | Torii Mototada (1539–1600) was a feudal lord in the service of Tokugawa Ieyasu. On the eve of the battle of Sekigahara, he volunteered to remain behind in the doomed Fushimi Castle while his lord advanced to the east. Torii and Tokugawa both agreed that the castle was indefensible. In an act of loyalty to his lord, Tor... | When was Torii Mototada born? | {
"text": [
"1539"
],
"answer_start": [
16
]
} |
5728f45c6aef0514001548b2 | Samurai | Torii Mototada (1539–1600) was a feudal lord in the service of Tokugawa Ieyasu. On the eve of the battle of Sekigahara, he volunteered to remain behind in the doomed Fushimi Castle while his lord advanced to the east. Torii and Tokugawa both agreed that the castle was indefensible. In an act of loyalty to his lord, Tor... | When did Torii Mototada die? | {
"text": [
"1600"
],
"answer_start": [
21
]
} |
5728f45c6aef0514001548b3 | Samurai | Torii Mototada (1539–1600) was a feudal lord in the service of Tokugawa Ieyasu. On the eve of the battle of Sekigahara, he volunteered to remain behind in the doomed Fushimi Castle while his lord advanced to the east. Torii and Tokugawa both agreed that the castle was indefensible. In an act of loyalty to his lord, Tor... | How many people were in Ishida Mitsunari's army? | {
"text": [
"40,000"
],
"answer_start": [
611
]
} |
5728f45c6aef0514001548b4 | Samurai | Torii Mototada (1539–1600) was a feudal lord in the service of Tokugawa Ieyasu. On the eve of the battle of Sekigahara, he volunteered to remain behind in the doomed Fushimi Castle while his lord advanced to the east. Torii and Tokugawa both agreed that the castle was indefensible. In an act of loyalty to his lord, Tor... | How many soldiers defended Torii's last stand? | {
"text": [
"2,000"
],
"answer_start": [
506
]
} |
5728f4a76aef0514001548ba | Samurai | The rival of Takeda Shingen (1521–1573) was Uesugi Kenshin (1530–1578), a legendary Sengoku warlord well-versed in the Chinese military classics and who advocated the "way of the warrior as death". Japanese historian Daisetz Teitaro Suzuki describes Uesugi's beliefs as: "Those who are reluctant to give up their lives a... | Who was Takeda's rival? | {
"text": [
"Uesugi Kenshin"
],
"answer_start": [
44
]
} |
5728f4a76aef0514001548bb | Samurai | The rival of Takeda Shingen (1521–1573) was Uesugi Kenshin (1530–1578), a legendary Sengoku warlord well-versed in the Chinese military classics and who advocated the "way of the warrior as death". Japanese historian Daisetz Teitaro Suzuki describes Uesugi's beliefs as: "Those who are reluctant to give up their lives a... | What did Uesugi encourage? | {
"text": [
"the \"way of the warrior as death\""
],
"answer_start": [
163
]
} |
5728f4a76aef0514001548bc | Samurai | The rival of Takeda Shingen (1521–1573) was Uesugi Kenshin (1530–1578), a legendary Sengoku warlord well-versed in the Chinese military classics and who advocated the "way of the warrior as death". Japanese historian Daisetz Teitaro Suzuki describes Uesugi's beliefs as: "Those who are reluctant to give up their lives a... | What was Daisetz Teitaro Suzuki's occupation? | {
"text": [
"Japanese historian"
],
"answer_start": [
198
]
} |
5728f4a76aef0514001548bd | Samurai | The rival of Takeda Shingen (1521–1573) was Uesugi Kenshin (1530–1578), a legendary Sengoku warlord well-versed in the Chinese military classics and who advocated the "way of the warrior as death". Japanese historian Daisetz Teitaro Suzuki describes Uesugi's beliefs as: "Those who are reluctant to give up their lives a... | When was Takeda born? | {
"text": [
"1521"
],
"answer_start": [
29
]
} |
5728f4a76aef0514001548be | Samurai | The rival of Takeda Shingen (1521–1573) was Uesugi Kenshin (1530–1578), a legendary Sengoku warlord well-versed in the Chinese military classics and who advocated the "way of the warrior as death". Japanese historian Daisetz Teitaro Suzuki describes Uesugi's beliefs as: "Those who are reluctant to give up their lives a... | When was Uesugi born? | {
"text": [
"1530"
],
"answer_start": [
60
]
} |
5728f514af94a219006a9e5f | Samurai | Historian H. Paul Varley notes the description of Japan given by Jesuit leader St. Francis Xavier (1506–1552): "There is no nation in the world which fears death less." Xavier further describes the honour and manners of the people: "I fancy that there are no people in the world more punctilious about their honour than ... | What religious order was St. Francis Xavier in? | {
"text": [
"Jesuit"
],
"answer_start": [
65
]
} |
5728f514af94a219006a9e60 | Samurai | Historian H. Paul Varley notes the description of Japan given by Jesuit leader St. Francis Xavier (1506–1552): "There is no nation in the world which fears death less." Xavier further describes the honour and manners of the people: "I fancy that there are no people in the world more punctilious about their honour than ... | When was St. Francis Xavier born? | {
"text": [
"1506"
],
"answer_start": [
99
]
} |
5728f514af94a219006a9e61 | Samurai | Historian H. Paul Varley notes the description of Japan given by Jesuit leader St. Francis Xavier (1506–1552): "There is no nation in the world which fears death less." Xavier further describes the honour and manners of the people: "I fancy that there are no people in the world more punctilious about their honour than ... | When did St. Francis Xavier die? | {
"text": [
"1552"
],
"answer_start": [
104
]
} |
5728f514af94a219006a9e62 | Samurai | Historian H. Paul Varley notes the description of Japan given by Jesuit leader St. Francis Xavier (1506–1552): "There is no nation in the world which fears death less." Xavier further describes the honour and manners of the people: "I fancy that there are no people in the world more punctilious about their honour than ... | When did Xavier try to convert Japan to Christianity? | {
"text": [
"1549–1551"
],
"answer_start": [
436
]
} |
5728f5716aef0514001548ca | Samurai | In December 1547, Francis was in Malacca (Malaysia) waiting to return to Goa (India) when he met a low-ranked samurai named Anjiro (possibly spelled "Yajiro"). Anjiro was not an intellectual, but he impressed Xavier because he took careful notes of everything he said in church. Xavier made the decision to go to Japan i... | Where was Malacca? | {
"text": [
"Malaysia"
],
"answer_start": [
42
]
} |
5728f5716aef0514001548cb | Samurai | In December 1547, Francis was in Malacca (Malaysia) waiting to return to Goa (India) when he met a low-ranked samurai named Anjiro (possibly spelled "Yajiro"). Anjiro was not an intellectual, but he impressed Xavier because he took careful notes of everything he said in church. Xavier made the decision to go to Japan i... | Where was Goa? | {
"text": [
"India"
],
"answer_start": [
78
]
} |
5728f5716aef0514001548cc | Samurai | In December 1547, Francis was in Malacca (Malaysia) waiting to return to Goa (India) when he met a low-ranked samurai named Anjiro (possibly spelled "Yajiro"). Anjiro was not an intellectual, but he impressed Xavier because he took careful notes of everything he said in church. Xavier made the decision to go to Japan i... | Who impressed Xavier by taking notes in church? | {
"text": [
"Anjiro"
],
"answer_start": [
160
]
} |
5728f5716aef0514001548cd | Samurai | In December 1547, Francis was in Malacca (Malaysia) waiting to return to Goa (India) when he met a low-ranked samurai named Anjiro (possibly spelled "Yajiro"). Anjiro was not an intellectual, but he impressed Xavier because he took careful notes of everything he said in church. Xavier made the decision to go to Japan i... | In what language did Anjiro speak to Xavier? | {
"text": [
"Portuguese"
],
"answer_start": [
377
]
} |
5728f5716aef0514001548ce | Samurai | In December 1547, Francis was in Malacca (Malaysia) waiting to return to Goa (India) when he met a low-ranked samurai named Anjiro (possibly spelled "Yajiro"). Anjiro was not an intellectual, but he impressed Xavier because he took careful notes of everything he said in church. Xavier made the decision to go to Japan i... | How did Anjiro think the Japanese would accept Christianity? | {
"text": [
"en masse"
],
"answer_start": [
638
]
} |
5728f5e26aef0514001548d4 | Samurai | In his book "Ideals of the Samurai" translator William Scott Wilson states: "The warriors in the Heike Monogatari served as models for the educated warriors of later generations, and the ideals depicted by them were not assumed to be beyond reach. Rather, these ideals were vigorously pursued in the upper echelons of wa... | Who wrote 'Ideals of the Samurai'? | {
"text": [
"William Scott Wilson"
],
"answer_start": [
47
]
} |
5728f5e26aef0514001548d5 | Samurai | In his book "Ideals of the Samurai" translator William Scott Wilson states: "The warriors in the Heike Monogatari served as models for the educated warriors of later generations, and the ideals depicted by them were not assumed to be beyond reach. Rather, these ideals were vigorously pursued in the upper echelons of wa... | Who were the models for future generations of samurai? | {
"text": [
"The warriors in the Heike Monogatari"
],
"answer_start": [
77
]
} |
5728f5e26aef0514001548d6 | Samurai | In his book "Ideals of the Samurai" translator William Scott Wilson states: "The warriors in the Heike Monogatari served as models for the educated warriors of later generations, and the ideals depicted by them were not assumed to be beyond reach. Rather, these ideals were vigorously pursued in the upper echelons of wa... | Where did Japanese warriors come to literary maturity? | {
"text": [
"the Heike Monogatari"
],
"answer_start": [
403
]
} |
5728f64eaf94a219006a9e7b | Samurai | As aristocrats for centuries, samurai developed their own cultures that influenced Japanese culture as a whole. The culture associated with the samurai such as the tea ceremony, monochrome ink painting, rock gardens and poetry were adopted by warrior patrons throughout the centuries 1200–1600. These practices were adap... | Whose culture included tea ceremonies? | {
"text": [
"samurai"
],
"answer_start": [
144
]
} |
5728f64eaf94a219006a9e7c | Samurai | As aristocrats for centuries, samurai developed their own cultures that influenced Japanese culture as a whole. The culture associated with the samurai such as the tea ceremony, monochrome ink painting, rock gardens and poetry were adopted by warrior patrons throughout the centuries 1200–1600. These practices were adap... | What kind of painting did samurai do? | {
"text": [
"monochrome ink"
],
"answer_start": [
178
]
} |
5728f64eaf94a219006a9e7d | Samurai | As aristocrats for centuries, samurai developed their own cultures that influenced Japanese culture as a whole. The culture associated with the samurai such as the tea ceremony, monochrome ink painting, rock gardens and poetry were adopted by warrior patrons throughout the centuries 1200–1600. These practices were adap... | What was Japanese culture influenced by? | {
"text": [
"Chinese arts"
],
"answer_start": [
333
]
} |
5728f64eaf94a219006a9e7e | Samurai | As aristocrats for centuries, samurai developed their own cultures that influenced Japanese culture as a whole. The culture associated with the samurai such as the tea ceremony, monochrome ink painting, rock gardens and poetry were adopted by warrior patrons throughout the centuries 1200–1600. These practices were adap... | Who brought Chinese arts to Japan? | {
"text": [
"Zen monks"
],
"answer_start": [
347
]
} |
5728f64eaf94a219006a9e7f | Samurai | As aristocrats for centuries, samurai developed their own cultures that influenced Japanese culture as a whole. The culture associated with the samurai such as the tea ceremony, monochrome ink painting, rock gardens and poetry were adopted by warrior patrons throughout the centuries 1200–1600. These practices were adap... | When was Muso Soseki born? | {
"text": [
"1275"
],
"answer_start": [
477
]
} |
5728f6bc6aef0514001548ec | Samurai | For example, the full name of Oda Nobunaga would be "Oda Kazusanosuke Saburo Nobunaga" (織田上総介三郎信長), in which "Oda" is a clan or family name, "Kazusanosuke" is a title of vice-governor of Kazusa province, "Saburo" is a formal nickname (yobina), and "Nobunaga" is an adult name (nanori) given at genpuku, the coming of age... | What was Oda Nobunaga's full name? | {
"text": [
"Oda Kazusanosuke Saburo Nobunaga"
],
"answer_start": [
53
]
} |
5728f6bc6aef0514001548ed | Samurai | For example, the full name of Oda Nobunaga would be "Oda Kazusanosuke Saburo Nobunaga" (織田上総介三郎信長), in which "Oda" is a clan or family name, "Kazusanosuke" is a title of vice-governor of Kazusa province, "Saburo" is a formal nickname (yobina), and "Nobunaga" is an adult name (nanori) given at genpuku, the coming of age... | What did Oda mean? | {
"text": [
"a clan or family name"
],
"answer_start": [
118
]
} |
5728f6bc6aef0514001548ee | Samurai | For example, the full name of Oda Nobunaga would be "Oda Kazusanosuke Saburo Nobunaga" (織田上総介三郎信長), in which "Oda" is a clan or family name, "Kazusanosuke" is a title of vice-governor of Kazusa province, "Saburo" is a formal nickname (yobina), and "Nobunaga" is an adult name (nanori) given at genpuku, the coming of age... | What did Kazusanosuke mean? | {
"text": [
"a title of vice-governor of Kazusa province"
],
"answer_start": [
159
]
} |
5728f6bc6aef0514001548ef | Samurai | For example, the full name of Oda Nobunaga would be "Oda Kazusanosuke Saburo Nobunaga" (織田上総介三郎信長), in which "Oda" is a clan or family name, "Kazusanosuke" is a title of vice-governor of Kazusa province, "Saburo" is a formal nickname (yobina), and "Nobunaga" is an adult name (nanori) given at genpuku, the coming of age... | What did Saburo mean? | {
"text": [
"a formal nickname (yobina)"
],
"answer_start": [
216
]
} |
5728f761af94a219006a9e85 | Samurai | A samurai could take concubines but their backgrounds were checked by higher-ranked samurai. In many cases, taking a concubine was akin to a marriage. Kidnapping a concubine, although common in fiction, would have been shameful, if not criminal. If the concubine was a commoner, a messenger was sent with betrothal money... | How did the samurai treat concubines? | {
"text": [
"akin to a marriage"
],
"answer_start": [
131
]
} |
5728f761af94a219006a9e86 | Samurai | A samurai could take concubines but their backgrounds were checked by higher-ranked samurai. In many cases, taking a concubine was akin to a marriage. Kidnapping a concubine, although common in fiction, would have been shameful, if not criminal. If the concubine was a commoner, a messenger was sent with betrothal money... | How did the samurai view kidnapping concubines? | {
"text": [
"shameful, if not criminal"
],
"answer_start": [
219
]
} |
5728f761af94a219006a9e87 | Samurai | A samurai could take concubines but their backgrounds were checked by higher-ranked samurai. In many cases, taking a concubine was akin to a marriage. Kidnapping a concubine, although common in fiction, would have been shameful, if not criminal. If the concubine was a commoner, a messenger was sent with betrothal money... | Who thought being a concubine was better than being a wife? | {
"text": [
"many wealthy merchants"
],
"answer_start": [
481
]
} |
5728f761af94a219006a9e88 | Samurai | A samurai could take concubines but their backgrounds were checked by higher-ranked samurai. In many cases, taking a concubine was akin to a marriage. Kidnapping a concubine, although common in fiction, would have been shameful, if not criminal. If the concubine was a commoner, a messenger was sent with betrothal money... | Why did merchants prefer that their daughters not marry samurai? | {
"text": [
"her family's money erased the samurai's debts"
],
"answer_start": [
649
]
} |
5728f761af94a219006a9e89 | Samurai | A samurai could take concubines but their backgrounds were checked by higher-ranked samurai. In many cases, taking a concubine was akin to a marriage. Kidnapping a concubine, although common in fiction, would have been shameful, if not criminal. If the concubine was a commoner, a messenger was sent with betrothal money... | What happened if a commoner concubine had a son? | {
"text": [
"the son could inherit his father's social status"
],
"answer_start": [
829
]
} |
5728f7df4b864d1900165138 | Samurai | A samurai could divorce his wife for a variety of reasons with approval from a superior, but divorce was, while not entirely nonexistent, a rare event. A wife's failure to produce a son was cause for divorce, but adoption of a male heir was considered an acceptable alternative to divorce. A samurai could divorce for pe... | How common was divorce for samurai? | {
"text": [
"rare"
],
"answer_start": [
140
]
} |
5728f7df4b864d1900165139 | Samurai | A samurai could divorce his wife for a variety of reasons with approval from a superior, but divorce was, while not entirely nonexistent, a rare event. A wife's failure to produce a son was cause for divorce, but adoption of a male heir was considered an acceptable alternative to divorce. A samurai could divorce for pe... | What could samurai do instead of divorce if their wife couldn't produce a son? | {
"text": [
"adoption of a male heir"
],
"answer_start": [
213
]
} |
5728f7df4b864d190016513a | Samurai | A samurai could divorce his wife for a variety of reasons with approval from a superior, but divorce was, while not entirely nonexistent, a rare event. A wife's failure to produce a son was cause for divorce, but adoption of a male heir was considered an acceptable alternative to divorce. A samurai could divorce for pe... | Why did samurai avoid divorcing for reasons of dislike? | {
"text": [
"it would embarrass the person who had arranged the marriage"
],
"answer_start": [
411
]
} |
5728f7df4b864d190016513b | Samurai | A samurai could divorce his wife for a variety of reasons with approval from a superior, but divorce was, while not entirely nonexistent, a rare event. A wife's failure to produce a son was cause for divorce, but adoption of a male heir was considered an acceptable alternative to divorce. A samurai could divorce for pe... | What financial concern prevented divorce? | {
"text": [
"After a divorce samurai had to return the betrothal money"
],
"answer_start": [
582
]
} |
5728f8484b864d1900165140 | Samurai | Maintaining the household was the main duty of samurai women. This was especially crucial during early feudal Japan, when warrior husbands were often traveling abroad or engaged in clan battles. The wife, or okugatasama (meaning: one who remains in the home), was left to manage all household affairs, care for the child... | What did samurai wives spend most of their time on? | {
"text": [
"Maintaining the household"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
5728f8484b864d1900165141 | Samurai | Maintaining the household was the main duty of samurai women. This was especially crucial during early feudal Japan, when warrior husbands were often traveling abroad or engaged in clan battles. The wife, or okugatasama (meaning: one who remains in the home), was left to manage all household affairs, care for the child... | What did okugatasama mean? | {
"text": [
"one who remains in the home"
],
"answer_start": [
230
]
} |
5728f8484b864d1900165143 | Samurai | Maintaining the household was the main duty of samurai women. This was especially crucial during early feudal Japan, when warrior husbands were often traveling abroad or engaged in clan battles. The wife, or okugatasama (meaning: one who remains in the home), was left to manage all household affairs, care for the child... | What was a naginata? | {
"text": [
"a polearm"
],
"answer_start": [
442
]
} |
5728f8484b864d1900165144 | Samurai | Maintaining the household was the main duty of samurai women. This was especially crucial during early feudal Japan, when warrior husbands were often traveling abroad or engaged in clan battles. The wife, or okugatasama (meaning: one who remains in the home), was left to manage all household affairs, care for the child... | What was tantojutsu? | {
"text": [
"the skill of the knife"
],
"answer_start": [
541
]
} |
5728f95d6aef051400154908 | Samurai | Traits valued in women of the samurai class were humility, obedience, self-control, strength, and loyalty. Ideally, a samurai wife would be skilled at managing property, keeping records, dealing with financial matters, educating the children (and perhaps servants, too), and caring for elderly parents or in-laws that ma... | What characteristics did samurais want their wives to have? | {
"text": [
"humility, obedience, self-control, strength, and loyalty"
],
"answer_start": [
49
]
} |
5728f95d6aef051400154909 | Samurai | Traits valued in women of the samurai class were humility, obedience, self-control, strength, and loyalty. Ideally, a samurai wife would be skilled at managing property, keeping records, dealing with financial matters, educating the children (and perhaps servants, too), and caring for elderly parents or in-laws that ma... | Who did samurai wives have to teach? | {
"text": [
"the children (and perhaps servants, too)"
],
"answer_start": [
229
]
} |
5728f95d6aef05140015490b | Samurai | Traits valued in women of the samurai class were humility, obedience, self-control, strength, and loyalty. Ideally, a samurai wife would be skilled at managing property, keeping records, dealing with financial matters, educating the children (and perhaps servants, too), and caring for elderly parents or in-laws that ma... | Who was a woman supposed to be subservient to? | {
"text": [
"her husband"
],
"answer_start": [
493
]
} |
5728f95d6aef05140015490c | Samurai | Traits valued in women of the samurai class were humility, obedience, self-control, strength, and loyalty. Ideally, a samurai wife would be skilled at managing property, keeping records, dealing with financial matters, educating the children (and perhaps servants, too), and caring for elderly parents or in-laws that ma... | What defined the samurais' code? | {
"text": [
"Confucian law"
],
"answer_start": [
348
]
} |
5728f9abaf94a219006a9e8f | Samurai | This does not mean that samurai women were always powerless. Powerful women both wisely and unwisely wielded power at various occasions. After Ashikaga Yoshimasa, 8th shogun of the Muromachi shogunate, lost interest in politics, his wife Hino Tomiko largely ruled in his place. Nene, wife of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, was know... | Who was Ashikaga Yoshimasa? | {
"text": [
"8th shogun of the Muromachi shogunate"
],
"answer_start": [
163
]
} |
5728f9abaf94a219006a9e90 | Samurai | This does not mean that samurai women were always powerless. Powerful women both wisely and unwisely wielded power at various occasions. After Ashikaga Yoshimasa, 8th shogun of the Muromachi shogunate, lost interest in politics, his wife Hino Tomiko largely ruled in his place. Nene, wife of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, was know... | Who was Ashikaga Yoshimasa's wife? | {
"text": [
"Hino Tomiko"
],
"answer_start": [
238
]
} |
5728f9abaf94a219006a9e91 | Samurai | This does not mean that samurai women were always powerless. Powerful women both wisely and unwisely wielded power at various occasions. After Ashikaga Yoshimasa, 8th shogun of the Muromachi shogunate, lost interest in politics, his wife Hino Tomiko largely ruled in his place. Nene, wife of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, was know... | Why did Ashikaga let his wife take over? | {
"text": [
"lost interest in politics"
],
"answer_start": [
202
]
} |
5728f9abaf94a219006a9e92 | Samurai | This does not mean that samurai women were always powerless. Powerful women both wisely and unwisely wielded power at various occasions. After Ashikaga Yoshimasa, 8th shogun of the Muromachi shogunate, lost interest in politics, his wife Hino Tomiko largely ruled in his place. Nene, wife of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, was know... | Who was Nene? | {
"text": [
"wife of Toyotomi Hideyoshi"
],
"answer_start": [
284
]
} |
5728f9abaf94a219006a9e93 | Samurai | This does not mean that samurai women were always powerless. Powerful women both wisely and unwisely wielded power at various occasions. After Ashikaga Yoshimasa, 8th shogun of the Muromachi shogunate, lost interest in politics, his wife Hino Tomiko largely ruled in his place. Nene, wife of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, was know... | Who was Yodo-dono the concubine of? | {
"text": [
"Toyotomi Hideyoshi"
],
"answer_start": [
292
]
} |
5728fa232ca10214002dab62 | Samurai | As the Tokugawa period progressed more value became placed on education, and the education of females beginning at a young age became important to families and society as a whole. Marriage criteria began to weigh intelligence and education as desirable attributes in a wife, right along with physical attractiveness. Tho... | In what period did Japanese women begin being more educated? | {
"text": [
"Tokugawa"
],
"answer_start": [
7
]
} |
5728fa232ca10214002dab63 | Samurai | As the Tokugawa period progressed more value became placed on education, and the education of females beginning at a young age became important to families and society as a whole. Marriage criteria began to weigh intelligence and education as desirable attributes in a wife, right along with physical attractiveness. Tho... | What were added to marriage criteria in the Tokugawa period? | {
"text": [
"intelligence and education as desirable attributes"
],
"answer_start": [
213
]
} |
5728fa232ca10214002dab64 | Samurai | As the Tokugawa period progressed more value became placed on education, and the education of females beginning at a young age became important to families and society as a whole. Marriage criteria began to weigh intelligence and education as desirable attributes in a wife, right along with physical attractiveness. Tho... | What types of advanced books did some Japanese women read? | {
"text": [
"philosophical and literary classics"
],
"answer_start": [
555
]
} |
5728fa232ca10214002dab65 | Samurai | As the Tokugawa period progressed more value became placed on education, and the education of females beginning at a young age became important to families and society as a whole. Marriage criteria began to weigh intelligence and education as desirable attributes in a wife, right along with physical attractiveness. Tho... | When had most samurai wives learned to read? | {
"text": [
"the end of the Tokugawa period"
],
"answer_start": [
647
]
} |
5728fab36aef05140015492a | Samurai | The English sailor and adventurer William Adams (1564–1620) was the first Westerner to receive the dignity of samurai. The Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu presented him with two swords representing the authority of a samurai, and decreed that William Adams the sailor was dead and that Anjin Miura (三浦按針), a samurai, was born. Ad... | Who was the first Western samurai? | {
"text": [
"William Adams"
],
"answer_start": [
34
]
} |
5728fab36aef05140015492b | Samurai | The English sailor and adventurer William Adams (1564–1620) was the first Westerner to receive the dignity of samurai. The Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu presented him with two swords representing the authority of a samurai, and decreed that William Adams the sailor was dead and that Anjin Miura (三浦按針), a samurai, was born. Ad... | Who made William Adams a samurai? | {
"text": [
"Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu"
],
"answer_start": [
123
]
} |
5728fab36aef05140015492c | Samurai | The English sailor and adventurer William Adams (1564–1620) was the first Westerner to receive the dignity of samurai. The Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu presented him with two swords representing the authority of a samurai, and decreed that William Adams the sailor was dead and that Anjin Miura (三浦按針), a samurai, was born. Ad... | What was William Adams's Japanese name? | {
"text": [
"Anjin Miura"
],
"answer_start": [
277
]
} |
5728fab36aef05140015492d | Samurai | The English sailor and adventurer William Adams (1564–1620) was the first Westerner to receive the dignity of samurai. The Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu presented him with two swords representing the authority of a samurai, and decreed that William Adams the sailor was dead and that Anjin Miura (三浦按針), a samurai, was born. Ad... | What did hatamoto mean? | {
"text": [
"bannerman"
],
"answer_start": [
361
]
} |
5728fab36aef05140015492e | Samurai | The English sailor and adventurer William Adams (1564–1620) was the first Westerner to receive the dignity of samurai. The Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu presented him with two swords representing the authority of a samurai, and decreed that William Adams the sailor was dead and that Anjin Miura (三浦按針), a samurai, was born. Ad... | How many servants did William Adams have? | {
"text": [
"eighty or ninety"
],
"answer_start": [
711
]
} |
5728fb0daf94a219006a9eb3 | Samurai | Jan Joosten van Lodensteijn (1556?–1623?), a Dutch colleague of Adams' on their ill-fated voyage to Japan in the ship De Liefde, was also given similar privileges by Tokugawa Ieyasu. It appears Joosten became a samurai[citation needed] and was given a residence within Ieyasu's castle at Edo. Today, this area at the eas... | What nationality was Jan Joosten van Lodensteijn? | {
"text": [
"Dutch"
],
"answer_start": [
45
]
} |
5728fb0daf94a219006a9eb4 | Samurai | Jan Joosten van Lodensteijn (1556?–1623?), a Dutch colleague of Adams' on their ill-fated voyage to Japan in the ship De Liefde, was also given similar privileges by Tokugawa Ieyasu. It appears Joosten became a samurai[citation needed] and was given a residence within Ieyasu's castle at Edo. Today, this area at the eas... | Around when was Jan Joosten van Lodensteijn born? | {
"text": [
"1556"
],
"answer_start": [
29
]
} |
5728fb0daf94a219006a9eb5 | Samurai | Jan Joosten van Lodensteijn (1556?–1623?), a Dutch colleague of Adams' on their ill-fated voyage to Japan in the ship De Liefde, was also given similar privileges by Tokugawa Ieyasu. It appears Joosten became a samurai[citation needed] and was given a residence within Ieyasu's castle at Edo. Today, this area at the eas... | What was Jan Joosten van Lodensteijn's Japanese name? | {
"text": [
"Yayousu"
],
"answer_start": [
424
]
} |
5728fb0daf94a219006a9eb6 | Samurai | Jan Joosten van Lodensteijn (1556?–1623?), a Dutch colleague of Adams' on their ill-fated voyage to Japan in the ship De Liefde, was also given similar privileges by Tokugawa Ieyasu. It appears Joosten became a samurai[citation needed] and was given a residence within Ieyasu's castle at Edo. Today, this area at the eas... | What permission allowed trade between Japan and Indo-China? | {
"text": [
"a Red Seal Ship"
],
"answer_start": [
486
]
} |
5728fb0daf94a219006a9eb7 | Samurai | Jan Joosten van Lodensteijn (1556?–1623?), a Dutch colleague of Adams' on their ill-fated voyage to Japan in the ship De Liefde, was also given similar privileges by Tokugawa Ieyasu. It appears Joosten became a samurai[citation needed] and was given a residence within Ieyasu's castle at Edo. Today, this area at the eas... | How did Jan Joosten van Lodensteijn die? | {
"text": [
"drowned after his ship ran aground"
],
"answer_start": [
601
]
} |
5728fb8a6aef05140015493c | Samurai | In the same war, the Prussian Edward Schnell served the Aizu domain as a military instructor and procurer of weapons. He was granted the Japanese name Hiramatsu Buhei (平松武兵衛), which inverted the characters of the daimyo's name Matsudaira. Hiramatsu (Schnell) was given the right to wear swords, as well as a residence in... | What nationality was Edward Schnell? | {
"text": [
"Prussian"
],
"answer_start": [
21
]
} |
5728fb8a6aef05140015493d | Samurai | In the same war, the Prussian Edward Schnell served the Aizu domain as a military instructor and procurer of weapons. He was granted the Japanese name Hiramatsu Buhei (平松武兵衛), which inverted the characters of the daimyo's name Matsudaira. Hiramatsu (Schnell) was given the right to wear swords, as well as a residence in... | What duties did Edward Schnell have? | {
"text": [
"military instructor and procurer of weapons"
],
"answer_start": [
73
]
} |
5728fb8a6aef05140015493e | Samurai | In the same war, the Prussian Edward Schnell served the Aizu domain as a military instructor and procurer of weapons. He was granted the Japanese name Hiramatsu Buhei (平松武兵衛), which inverted the characters of the daimyo's name Matsudaira. Hiramatsu (Schnell) was given the right to wear swords, as well as a residence in... | Who did Edward Schnell work for? | {
"text": [
"the Aizu domain"
],
"answer_start": [
52
]
} |
5728fb8a6aef05140015493f | Samurai | In the same war, the Prussian Edward Schnell served the Aizu domain as a military instructor and procurer of weapons. He was granted the Japanese name Hiramatsu Buhei (平松武兵衛), which inverted the characters of the daimyo's name Matsudaira. Hiramatsu (Schnell) was given the right to wear swords, as well as a residence in... | What was Edward Schnell's Japanese name? | {
"text": [
"Hiramatsu Buhei"
],
"answer_start": [
151
]
} |
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