id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 217 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
572938f31d04691400779188 | Software_testing | Operational Acceptance is used to conduct operational readiness (pre-release) of a product, service or system as part of a quality management system. OAT is a common type of non-functional software testing, used mainly in software development and software maintenance projects. This type of testing focuses on the operat... | What does Operational Acceptance focus on? | {
"text": [
"operational readiness of the system"
],
"answer_start": [
314
]
} |
57293bee1d046914007791a5 | Software_testing | A common cause of software failure (real or perceived) is a lack of its compatibility with other application software, operating systems (or operating system versions, old or new), or target environments that differ greatly from the original (such as a terminal or GUI application intended to be run on the desktop now b... | What is the most common reason for software failure? | {
"text": [
"compatibility with other application software"
],
"answer_start": [
72
]
} |
57293bee1d046914007791a6 | Software_testing | A common cause of software failure (real or perceived) is a lack of its compatibility with other application software, operating systems (or operating system versions, old or new), or target environments that differ greatly from the original (such as a terminal or GUI application intended to be run on the desktop now b... | What do developers commonly do when creating software that can lead to failures? | {
"text": [
"lack of backward compatibility"
],
"answer_start": [
430
]
} |
57293d646aef051400154bd0 | Software_testing | A common cause of software failure (real or perceived) is a lack of its compatibility with other application software, operating systems (or operating system versions, old or new), or target environments that differ greatly from the original (such as a terminal or GUI application intended to be run on the desktop now b... | What is the most common cause for software failure? | {
"text": [
"lack of its compatibility with other application software"
],
"answer_start": [
60
]
} |
57293d646aef051400154bd1 | Software_testing | A common cause of software failure (real or perceived) is a lack of its compatibility with other application software, operating systems (or operating system versions, old or new), or target environments that differ greatly from the original (such as a terminal or GUI application intended to be run on the desktop now b... | What often lacks in software developed when its released that can eventually lead to errors? | {
"text": [
"a lack of backward compatibility"
],
"answer_start": [
428
]
} |
572940641d046914007791f9 | Software_testing | Regression testing focuses on finding defects after a major code change has occurred. Specifically, it seeks to uncover software regressions, as degraded or lost features, including old bugs that have come back. Such regressions occur whenever software functionality that was previously working correctly, stops working ... | Finding defects once a change in code had already happened is called? | {
"text": [
"Regression testing"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
572940641d046914007791fa | Software_testing | Regression testing focuses on finding defects after a major code change has occurred. Specifically, it seeks to uncover software regressions, as degraded or lost features, including old bugs that have come back. Such regressions occur whenever software functionality that was previously working correctly, stops working ... | What happens to software after a major change in code that leads to regression?? | {
"text": [
"stops working as intended"
],
"answer_start": [
306
]
} |
572940641d046914007791fb | Software_testing | Regression testing focuses on finding defects after a major code change has occurred. Specifically, it seeks to uncover software regressions, as degraded or lost features, including old bugs that have come back. Such regressions occur whenever software functionality that was previously working correctly, stops working ... | What is a common method used during regression testing? | {
"text": [
"re-running previous sets of test-cases"
],
"answer_start": [
546
]
} |
572940641d046914007791fd | Software_testing | Regression testing focuses on finding defects after a major code change has occurred. Specifically, it seeks to uncover software regressions, as degraded or lost features, including old bugs that have come back. Such regressions occur whenever software functionality that was previously working correctly, stops working ... | If changes need to occur during the softwares early release with regression testing how much of an impact does this have on the team as related to other testing? | {
"text": [
"typically the largest test effort in commercial software development"
],
"answer_start": [
995
]
} |
5729410f6aef051400154c04 | Software_testing | Beta testing comes after alpha testing and can be considered a form of external user acceptance testing. Versions of the software, known as beta versions, are released to a limited audience outside of the programming team known as beta testers. The software is released to groups of people so that further testing can en... | What typically comes after the Alpha stage in the development and testing of software? | {
"text": [
"Beta testing"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
5729410f6aef051400154c05 | Software_testing | Beta testing comes after alpha testing and can be considered a form of external user acceptance testing. Versions of the software, known as beta versions, are released to a limited audience outside of the programming team known as beta testers. The software is released to groups of people so that further testing can en... | To whom is the beta testing released to? | {
"text": [
"limited audience outside of the programming"
],
"answer_start": [
173
]
} |
5729410f6aef051400154c06 | Software_testing | Beta testing comes after alpha testing and can be considered a form of external user acceptance testing. Versions of the software, known as beta versions, are released to a limited audience outside of the programming team known as beta testers. The software is released to groups of people so that further testing can en... | What is it called when a public test continues indefinitely? | {
"text": [
"perpetual beta"
],
"answer_start": [
564
]
} |
5729429a6aef051400154c18 | Software_testing | Destructive testing attempts to cause the software or a sub-system to fail. It verifies that the software functions properly even when it receives invalid or unexpected inputs, thereby establishing the robustness of input validation and error-management routines.[citation needed] Software fault injection, in the form o... | What method is used to cause a system to fail? | {
"text": [
"Destructive testing"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
5729429a6aef051400154c1a | Software_testing | Destructive testing attempts to cause the software or a sub-system to fail. It verifies that the software functions properly even when it receives invalid or unexpected inputs, thereby establishing the robustness of input validation and error-management routines.[citation needed] Software fault injection, in the form o... | What is one example of failure testing? | {
"text": [
"Software fault injection"
],
"answer_start": [
281
]
} |
57294dae6aef051400154c7e | Software_testing | Load testing is primarily concerned with testing that the system can continue to operate under a specific load, whether that be large quantities of data or a large number of users. This is generally referred to as software scalability. The related load testing activity of when performed as a non-functional activity is ... | What method is used to test software under a specific load? | {
"text": [
"Load testing"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
57294dae6aef051400154c7f | Software_testing | Load testing is primarily concerned with testing that the system can continue to operate under a specific load, whether that be large quantities of data or a large number of users. This is generally referred to as software scalability. The related load testing activity of when performed as a non-functional activity is ... | What two methods can be used when using Load Testing? | {
"text": [
"data or a large number of users"
],
"answer_start": [
148
]
} |
57294dae6aef051400154c80 | Software_testing | Load testing is primarily concerned with testing that the system can continue to operate under a specific load, whether that be large quantities of data or a large number of users. This is generally referred to as software scalability. The related load testing activity of when performed as a non-functional activity is ... | What is called to test software functions when certain components increase in side? | {
"text": [
"Volume testing"
],
"answer_start": [
360
]
} |
57294dae6aef051400154c81 | Software_testing | Load testing is primarily concerned with testing that the system can continue to operate under a specific load, whether that be large quantities of data or a large number of users. This is generally referred to as software scalability. The related load testing activity of when performed as a non-functional activity is ... | What is Stable testing also called? | {
"text": [
"endurance testing"
],
"answer_start": [
629
]
} |
57294dae6aef051400154c82 | Software_testing | Load testing is primarily concerned with testing that the system can continue to operate under a specific load, whether that be large quantities of data or a large number of users. This is generally referred to as software scalability. The related load testing activity of when performed as a non-functional activity is ... | What method is used to test components under unexpected workloads? | {
"text": [
"Stress testing"
],
"answer_start": [
501
]
} |
57294ea7af94a219006aa27f | Software_testing | Development Testing is a software development process that involves synchronized application of a broad spectrum of defect prevention and detection strategies in order to reduce software development risks, time, and costs. It is performed by the software developer or engineer during the construction phase of the softwa... | What method is used that involves synchronization of a application? | {
"text": [
"Development Testing"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
57294ea7af94a219006aa280 | Software_testing | Development Testing is a software development process that involves synchronized application of a broad spectrum of defect prevention and detection strategies in order to reduce software development risks, time, and costs. It is performed by the software developer or engineer during the construction phase of the softwa... | When is development testing used? | {
"text": [
"construction phase of the software development lifecycle"
],
"answer_start": [
288
]
} |
57294ea7af94a219006aa281 | Software_testing | Development Testing is a software development process that involves synchronized application of a broad spectrum of defect prevention and detection strategies in order to reduce software development risks, time, and costs. It is performed by the software developer or engineer during the construction phase of the softwa... | What does Development testing look to eliminate? | {
"text": [
"construction errors"
],
"answer_start": [
444
]
} |
57295082af94a219006aa295 | Software_testing | In contrast, some emerging software disciplines such as extreme programming and the agile software development movement, adhere to a "test-driven software development" model. In this process, unit tests are written first, by the software engineers (often with pair programming in the extreme programming methodology). Of... | Which two current movements adhere to the "test-driven software development"? | {
"text": [
"extreme programming and the agile software development"
],
"answer_start": [
56
]
} |
57295082af94a219006aa296 | Software_testing | In contrast, some emerging software disciplines such as extreme programming and the agile software development movement, adhere to a "test-driven software development" model. In this process, unit tests are written first, by the software engineers (often with pair programming in the extreme programming methodology). Of... | Under the development of agile software and extreme programing what is written first? | {
"text": [
"unit tests are written first"
],
"answer_start": [
192
]
} |
5729525c6aef051400154cdc | Software_testing | Bottom Up Testing is an approach to integrated testing where the lowest level components (modules, procedures, and functions) are tested first, then integrated and used to facilitate the testing of higher level components. After the integration testing of lower level integrated modules, the next level of modules will b... | What three components make up Bottom Up Testing? | {
"text": [
"modules, procedures, and functions"
],
"answer_start": [
90
]
} |
5729525c6aef051400154cdd | Software_testing | Bottom Up Testing is an approach to integrated testing where the lowest level components (modules, procedures, and functions) are tested first, then integrated and used to facilitate the testing of higher level components. After the integration testing of lower level integrated modules, the next level of modules will b... | Bottom Up Testing helps facilitate the testing of what? | {
"text": [
"the testing of higher level components"
],
"answer_start": [
183
]
} |
572954a83f37b31900478261 | Software_testing | It has been proved that each class is strictly included into the next. For instance, testing when we assume that the behavior of the implementation under test can be denoted by a deterministic finite-state machine for some known finite sets of inputs and outputs and with some known number of states belongs to Class I (... | If the number of states is unknown, what group does this fall into? | {
"text": [
"Class II"
],
"answer_start": [
437
]
} |
572954a83f37b31900478262 | Software_testing | It has been proved that each class is strictly included into the next. For instance, testing when we assume that the behavior of the implementation under test can be denoted by a deterministic finite-state machine for some known finite sets of inputs and outputs and with some known number of states belongs to Class I (... | There are three classes, what has been concluded and proven for all classes? | {
"text": [
"each class is strictly included into the next"
],
"answer_start": [
24
]
} |
572954a83f37b31900478263 | Software_testing | It has been proved that each class is strictly included into the next. For instance, testing when we assume that the behavior of the implementation under test can be denoted by a deterministic finite-state machine for some known finite sets of inputs and outputs and with some known number of states belongs to Class I (... | If the number of states are unknown and the finite state of the machine is failing for a single trace, which group does this fall into? | {
"text": [
"Class III"
],
"answer_start": [
672
]
} |
572955e1af94a219006aa2cd | Software_testing | Several certification programs exist to support the professional aspirations of software testers and quality assurance specialists. No certification now offered actually requires the applicant to show their ability to test software. No certification is based on a widely accepted body of knowledge. This has led some to ... | With several certifications out there that can be aquired, what is the one trait they all share? | {
"text": [
"requires the applicant to show their ability to test software"
],
"answer_start": [
170
]
} |
572955e1af94a219006aa2ce | Software_testing | Several certification programs exist to support the professional aspirations of software testers and quality assurance specialists. No certification now offered actually requires the applicant to show their ability to test software. No certification is based on a widely accepted body of knowledge. This has led some to ... | What has the inability for the applicant to show how well they test led to? | {
"text": [
"testing field is not ready for certification"
],
"answer_start": [
337
]
} |
572955e1af94a219006aa2cf | Software_testing | Several certification programs exist to support the professional aspirations of software testers and quality assurance specialists. No certification now offered actually requires the applicant to show their ability to test software. No certification is based on a widely accepted body of knowledge. This has led some to ... | What four traits can a certification not measure? | {
"text": [
"individual's productivity, their skill, or practical knowledge"
],
"answer_start": [
422
]
} |
572958236aef051400154d24 | Software_testing | Software testing is a part of the software quality assurance (SQA) process.:347 In SQA, software process specialists and auditors are concerned for the software development process rather than just the artifacts such as documentation, code and systems. They examine and change the software engineering process itself to ... | What makes up part of the SQA? | {
"text": [
"Software testing"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
572958236aef051400154d25 | Software_testing | Software testing is a part of the software quality assurance (SQA) process.:347 In SQA, software process specialists and auditors are concerned for the software development process rather than just the artifacts such as documentation, code and systems. They examine and change the software engineering process itself to ... | What is the primary concern for the software specialist and auditors? | {
"text": [
"software development process"
],
"answer_start": [
152
]
} |
572958236aef051400154d26 | Software_testing | Software testing is a part of the software quality assurance (SQA) process.:347 In SQA, software process specialists and auditors are concerned for the software development process rather than just the artifacts such as documentation, code and systems. They examine and change the software engineering process itself to ... | What type of software would have a better defect tolerance? | {
"text": [
"video game"
],
"answer_start": [
519
]
} |
57290d70af94a219006a9feb | States_of_Germany | Germany is a federal republic consisting of sixteen federal states (German: Bundesland, or Land).[a] Since today's Germany was formed from an earlier collection of several states, it has a federal constitution, and the constituent states retain a measure of sovereignty. With an emphasis on geographical conditions, Berl... | How many states are in Germany? | {
"text": [
"sixteen"
],
"answer_start": [
44
]
} |
57290d70af94a219006a9fec | States_of_Germany | Germany is a federal republic consisting of sixteen federal states (German: Bundesland, or Land).[a] Since today's Germany was formed from an earlier collection of several states, it has a federal constitution, and the constituent states retain a measure of sovereignty. With an emphasis on geographical conditions, Berl... | What is the German terms for states? | {
"text": [
"Bundesland, or Land"
],
"answer_start": [
76
]
} |
57290d70af94a219006a9fed | States_of_Germany | Germany is a federal republic consisting of sixteen federal states (German: Bundesland, or Land).[a] Since today's Germany was formed from an earlier collection of several states, it has a federal constitution, and the constituent states retain a measure of sovereignty. With an emphasis on geographical conditions, Berl... | Which cities are called Stadtstaaten, other than Bremen? | {
"text": [
"Berlin and Hamburg"
],
"answer_start": [
316
]
} |
57290d70af94a219006a9fee | States_of_Germany | Germany is a federal republic consisting of sixteen federal states (German: Bundesland, or Land).[a] Since today's Germany was formed from an earlier collection of several states, it has a federal constitution, and the constituent states retain a measure of sovereignty. With an emphasis on geographical conditions, Berl... | How many states are called "Flächenländer"? | {
"text": [
"13"
],
"answer_start": [
501
]
} |
57290d70af94a219006a9fef | States_of_Germany | Germany is a federal republic consisting of sixteen federal states (German: Bundesland, or Land).[a] Since today's Germany was formed from an earlier collection of several states, it has a federal constitution, and the constituent states retain a measure of sovereignty. With an emphasis on geographical conditions, Berl... | The Free Hanseatic City of Bremen includes which cities? | {
"text": [
"Bremen and Bremerhaven"
],
"answer_start": [
463
]
} |
57290e1f1d04691400778feb | States_of_Germany | The creation of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1949 was through the unification of the western states (which were previously under American, British, and French administration) created in the aftermath of World War II. Initially, in 1949, the states of the Federal Republic were Baden, Bavaria (in German: Bayern), B... | When was the Federal Republic of Germany created | {
"text": [
"1949"
],
"answer_start": [
51
]
} |
57290e1f1d04691400778fec | States_of_Germany | The creation of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1949 was through the unification of the western states (which were previously under American, British, and French administration) created in the aftermath of World War II. Initially, in 1949, the states of the Federal Republic were Baden, Bavaria (in German: Bayern), B... | Which countries administrations was the Federal Republic of Germany previously under? | {
"text": [
"American, British, and French"
],
"answer_start": [
135
]
} |
57290e1f1d04691400778fed | States_of_Germany | The creation of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1949 was through the unification of the western states (which were previously under American, British, and French administration) created in the aftermath of World War II. Initially, in 1949, the states of the Federal Republic were Baden, Bavaria (in German: Bayern), B... | Which city was originally not a part of the Federal Republic of Germany? | {
"text": [
"West Berlin"
],
"answer_start": [
537
]
} |
57290e1f1d04691400778fee | States_of_Germany | The creation of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1949 was through the unification of the western states (which were previously under American, British, and French administration) created in the aftermath of World War II. Initially, in 1949, the states of the Federal Republic were Baden, Bavaria (in German: Bayern), B... | What was the Federal Republic of Germany created in the aftermath of? | {
"text": [
"World War II"
],
"answer_start": [
209
]
} |
57290ee56aef051400154a04 | States_of_Germany | In 1952, following a referendum, Baden, Württemberg-Baden, and Württemberg-Hohenzollern merged into Baden-Württemberg. In 1957, the Saar Protectorate rejoined the Federal Republic as the Saarland. German reunification in 1990, in which the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) ascended into the Federal Republic, re... | Which city did Baden, Württemberg-Baden, and Württemberg-Hohenzollern merge into? | {
"text": [
"Baden-Württemberg"
],
"answer_start": [
100
]
} |
57290ee56aef051400154a05 | States_of_Germany | In 1952, following a referendum, Baden, Württemberg-Baden, and Württemberg-Hohenzollern merged into Baden-Württemberg. In 1957, the Saar Protectorate rejoined the Federal Republic as the Saarland. German reunification in 1990, in which the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) ascended into the Federal Republic, re... | In what year did Baden, Württemberg-Baden, and Württemberg-Hohenzollern merge? | {
"text": [
"1952"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
57290ee56aef051400154a06 | States_of_Germany | In 1952, following a referendum, Baden, Württemberg-Baden, and Württemberg-Hohenzollern merged into Baden-Württemberg. In 1957, the Saar Protectorate rejoined the Federal Republic as the Saarland. German reunification in 1990, in which the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) ascended into the Federal Republic, re... | In 1957, the Saar Protectorate rejoined the Federal Republic as which city? | {
"text": [
"Saarland"
],
"answer_start": [
187
]
} |
57290ee56aef051400154a07 | States_of_Germany | In 1952, following a referendum, Baden, Württemberg-Baden, and Württemberg-Hohenzollern merged into Baden-Württemberg. In 1957, the Saar Protectorate rejoined the Federal Republic as the Saarland. German reunification in 1990, in which the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) ascended into the Federal Republic, re... | When did the German reunification take place? | {
"text": [
"1990"
],
"answer_start": [
221
]
} |
57290ee56aef051400154a08 | States_of_Germany | In 1952, following a referendum, Baden, Württemberg-Baden, and Württemberg-Hohenzollern merged into Baden-Württemberg. In 1957, the Saar Protectorate rejoined the Federal Republic as the Saarland. German reunification in 1990, in which the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) ascended into the Federal Republic, re... | Why did a regional referendum in 1996 to merge Berlin with surrounding Brandenburg fail? | {
"text": [
"failed to reach the necessary majority vote in Brandenburg"
],
"answer_start": [
749
]
} |
572912746aef051400154a26 | States_of_Germany | Federalism is one of the entrenched constitutional principles of Germany. According to the German constitution (called Grundgesetz or in English Basic Law), some topics, such as foreign affairs and defense, are the exclusive responsibility of the federation (i.e., the federal level), while others fall under the shared ... | What is an entrenched constitutional principle in Germany? | {
"text": [
"Federalism"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
572912746aef051400154a27 | States_of_Germany | Federalism is one of the entrenched constitutional principles of Germany. According to the German constitution (called Grundgesetz or in English Basic Law), some topics, such as foreign affairs and defense, are the exclusive responsibility of the federation (i.e., the federal level), while others fall under the shared ... | In Germany, foreign affairs is under the exclusive purvey of what? | {
"text": [
"the federation"
],
"answer_start": [
243
]
} |
572912746aef051400154a28 | States_of_Germany | Federalism is one of the entrenched constitutional principles of Germany. According to the German constitution (called Grundgesetz or in English Basic Law), some topics, such as foreign affairs and defense, are the exclusive responsibility of the federation (i.e., the federal level), while others fall under the shared ... | What is an example of what states retain authority over? | {
"text": [
"culture"
],
"answer_start": [
445
]
} |
572912746aef051400154a29 | States_of_Germany | Federalism is one of the entrenched constitutional principles of Germany. According to the German constitution (called Grundgesetz or in English Basic Law), some topics, such as foreign affairs and defense, are the exclusive responsibility of the federation (i.e., the federal level), while others fall under the shared ... | The states defend their interests at the federal level through what? | {
"text": [
"the Bundesrat"
],
"answer_start": [
883
]
} |
572912746aef051400154a2a | States_of_Germany | Federalism is one of the entrenched constitutional principles of Germany. According to the German constitution (called Grundgesetz or in English Basic Law), some topics, such as foreign affairs and defense, are the exclusive responsibility of the federation (i.e., the federal level), while others fall under the shared ... | Whose consent do the states need to make international treaties? | {
"text": [
"the federal government"
],
"answer_start": [
1107
]
} |
572913111d0469140077901b | States_of_Germany | The use of the term Länder (Lands) dates back to the Weimar Constitution of 1919. Before this time, the constituent states of the German Empire were called Staaten (States). Today, it is very common to use the term Bundesland (Federal Land). However, this term is not used officially, neither by the constitution of 1919... | What does the term Länder date back to? | {
"text": [
"the Weimar Constitution of 1919"
],
"answer_start": [
49
]
} |
572913111d0469140077901c | States_of_Germany | The use of the term Länder (Lands) dates back to the Weimar Constitution of 1919. Before this time, the constituent states of the German Empire were called Staaten (States). Today, it is very common to use the term Bundesland (Federal Land). However, this term is not used officially, neither by the constitution of 1919... | Before 1919 what were the German states called? | {
"text": [
"Staaten"
],
"answer_start": [
156
]
} |
572913111d0469140077901d | States_of_Germany | The use of the term Länder (Lands) dates back to the Weimar Constitution of 1919. Before this time, the constituent states of the German Empire were called Staaten (States). Today, it is very common to use the term Bundesland (Federal Land). However, this term is not used officially, neither by the constitution of 1919... | What does Bavaria refer to itself as? | {
"text": [
"Freistaaten"
],
"answer_start": [
395
]
} |
572913111d0469140077901e | States_of_Germany | The use of the term Länder (Lands) dates back to the Weimar Constitution of 1919. Before this time, the constituent states of the German Empire were called Staaten (States). Today, it is very common to use the term Bundesland (Federal Land). However, this term is not used officially, neither by the constitution of 1919... | How many free states are there in Germany? | {
"text": [
"three"
],
"answer_start": [
710
]
} |
572913111d0469140077901f | States_of_Germany | The use of the term Länder (Lands) dates back to the Weimar Constitution of 1919. Before this time, the constituent states of the German Empire were called Staaten (States). Today, it is very common to use the term Bundesland (Federal Land). However, this term is not used officially, neither by the constitution of 1919... | What are the two city-states in Germany? | {
"text": [
"Hamburg and Bremen"
],
"answer_start": [
756
]
} |
5729145a3f37b31900477fff | States_of_Germany | A new delimitation of the federal territory keeps being debated in Germany, though "Some scholars note that there are significant differences among the American states and regional governments in other federations without serious calls for territorial changes ...", as political scientist Arthur B. Gunlicks remarks. He ... | What keeps being debated in Germany? | {
"text": [
"delimitation of the federal territory"
],
"answer_start": [
6
]
} |
5729145a3f37b31900478000 | States_of_Germany | A new delimitation of the federal territory keeps being debated in Germany, though "Some scholars note that there are significant differences among the American states and regional governments in other federations without serious calls for territorial changes ...", as political scientist Arthur B. Gunlicks remarks. He ... | What does Gunlick remark that the German System of dual federalism requires strong Länder to have other than the capacity to implement legislation? | {
"text": [
"pay for it from own source revenues"
],
"answer_start": [
525
]
} |
5729145a3f37b31900478001 | States_of_Germany | A new delimitation of the federal territory keeps being debated in Germany, though "Some scholars note that there are significant differences among the American states and regional governments in other federations without serious calls for territorial changes ...", as political scientist Arthur B. Gunlicks remarks. He ... | How many proposals have failed so far? | {
"text": [
"several"
],
"answer_start": [
663
]
} |
5729153baf94a219006aa055 | States_of_Germany | Federalism has a long tradition in German history. The Holy Roman Empire comprised many petty states numbering more than 300 around 1796. The number of territories was greatly reduced during the Napoleonic Wars (1796–1814). After the Congress of Vienna (1815), 39 states formed the German Confederation. The Confederatio... | The Holy Roman Empire comprised of how many petty states? | {
"text": [
"more than 300"
],
"answer_start": [
111
]
} |
5729153baf94a219006aa056 | States_of_Germany | Federalism has a long tradition in German history. The Holy Roman Empire comprised many petty states numbering more than 300 around 1796. The number of territories was greatly reduced during the Napoleonic Wars (1796–1814). After the Congress of Vienna (1815), 39 states formed the German Confederation. The Confederatio... | The number of territories was greatly reduced during what? | {
"text": [
"the Napoleonic Wars"
],
"answer_start": [
191
]
} |
5729153baf94a219006aa057 | States_of_Germany | Federalism has a long tradition in German history. The Holy Roman Empire comprised many petty states numbering more than 300 around 1796. The number of territories was greatly reduced during the Napoleonic Wars (1796–1814). After the Congress of Vienna (1815), 39 states formed the German Confederation. The Confederatio... | A North German Federation under Prussian hegemony replaced what confederation? | {
"text": [
"the German Confederation"
],
"answer_start": [
278
]
} |
5729153baf94a219006aa058 | States_of_Germany | Federalism has a long tradition in German history. The Holy Roman Empire comprised many petty states numbering more than 300 around 1796. The number of territories was greatly reduced during the Napoleonic Wars (1796–1814). After the Congress of Vienna (1815), 39 states formed the German Confederation. The Confederatio... | How much of the population did Prussia control? | {
"text": [
"62%"
],
"answer_start": [
887
]
} |
5729153baf94a219006aa059 | States_of_Germany | Federalism has a long tradition in German history. The Holy Roman Empire comprised many petty states numbering more than 300 around 1796. The number of territories was greatly reduced during the Napoleonic Wars (1796–1814). After the Congress of Vienna (1815), 39 states formed the German Confederation. The Confederatio... | How much of the land did Prussia control? | {
"text": [
"65%"
],
"answer_start": [
862
]
} |
57291636af94a219006aa065 | States_of_Germany | During the Allied occupation of Germany after World War II, internal borders were redrawn by the Allied military governments. No single state comprised more than 30% of either population or territory; this was intended to prevent any one state from being as dominant within Germany as Prussia had been in the past. Initi... | Who redrew Germany's internal borders after World War II? | {
"text": [
"Allied military governments"
],
"answer_start": [
97
]
} |
57291636af94a219006aa066 | States_of_Germany | During the Allied occupation of Germany after World War II, internal borders were redrawn by the Allied military governments. No single state comprised more than 30% of either population or territory; this was intended to prevent any one state from being as dominant within Germany as Prussia had been in the past. Initi... | No single state comprised of how much of the population after World War II? | {
"text": [
"30%"
],
"answer_start": [
162
]
} |
57291636af94a219006aa067 | States_of_Germany | During the Allied occupation of Germany after World War II, internal borders were redrawn by the Allied military governments. No single state comprised more than 30% of either population or territory; this was intended to prevent any one state from being as dominant within Germany as Prussia had been in the past. Initi... | After WWII how many states initially remained in Germany? | {
"text": [
"seven"
],
"answer_start": [
331
]
} |
57291636af94a219006aa068 | States_of_Germany | During the Allied occupation of Germany after World War II, internal borders were redrawn by the Allied military governments. No single state comprised more than 30% of either population or territory; this was intended to prevent any one state from being as dominant within Germany as Prussia had been in the past. Initi... | Former German territory that lie east of the Oder-Neisse Line went under which countries administration? | {
"text": [
"Polish or Soviet administration"
],
"answer_start": [
785
]
} |
57291636af94a219006aa069 | States_of_Germany | During the Allied occupation of Germany after World War II, internal borders were redrawn by the Allied military governments. No single state comprised more than 30% of either population or territory; this was intended to prevent any one state from being as dominant within Germany as Prussia had been in the past. Initi... | How many made to establish new states in the territories lying east of the Oder-Neisse Line? | {
"text": [
"no attempts"
],
"answer_start": [
919
]
} |
57291a3e1d04691400779035 | States_of_Germany | Upon its founding in 1949, West Germany had eleven states. These were reduced to nine in 1952 when three south-western states (South Baden, Württemberg-Hohenzollern, and Württemberg-Baden) merged to form Baden-Württemberg. From 1957, when the French-occupied Saar Protectorate was returned and formed into the Saarland, ... | How many states did West Germany have at its founding? | {
"text": [
"eleven"
],
"answer_start": [
44
]
} |
57291a3e1d04691400779036 | States_of_Germany | Upon its founding in 1949, West Germany had eleven states. These were reduced to nine in 1952 when three south-western states (South Baden, Württemberg-Hohenzollern, and Württemberg-Baden) merged to form Baden-Württemberg. From 1957, when the French-occupied Saar Protectorate was returned and formed into the Saarland, ... | What was West Berlin under the sovereignty of? | {
"text": [
"Western Allies"
],
"answer_start": [
460
]
} |
57291a3e1d04691400779037 | States_of_Germany | Upon its founding in 1949, West Germany had eleven states. These were reduced to nine in 1952 when three south-western states (South Baden, Württemberg-Hohenzollern, and Württemberg-Baden) merged to form Baden-Württemberg. From 1957, when the French-occupied Saar Protectorate was returned and formed into the Saarland, ... | Which state was West Berlin apart of? | {
"text": [
"neither a Western German state nor part of one"
],
"answer_start": [
479
]
} |
57291a3e1d04691400779038 | States_of_Germany | Upon its founding in 1949, West Germany had eleven states. These were reduced to nine in 1952 when three south-western states (South Baden, Württemberg-Hohenzollern, and Württemberg-Baden) merged to form Baden-Württemberg. From 1957, when the French-occupied Saar Protectorate was returned and formed into the Saarland, ... | When did the Saarland form? | {
"text": [
"1957"
],
"answer_start": [
228
]
} |
57291a3e1d04691400779039 | States_of_Germany | Upon its founding in 1949, West Germany had eleven states. These were reduced to nine in 1952 when three south-western states (South Baden, Württemberg-Hohenzollern, and Württemberg-Baden) merged to form Baden-Württemberg. From 1957, when the French-occupied Saar Protectorate was returned and formed into the Saarland, ... | How many states was Germany reduced to in 1952 | {
"text": [
"1952"
],
"answer_start": [
89
]
} |
57291cb03f37b3190047802d | States_of_Germany | Later, the constitution was amended to state that the citizens of the 16 states had successfully achieved the unity of Germany in free self-determination and that the Basic Law thus applied to the entire German people. Article 23, which had allowed "any other parts of Germany" to join, was rephrased. It had been used i... | What was the German constitution later amended to say about the citizens of the 16 states? | {
"text": [
"had successfully achieved the unity of Germany"
],
"answer_start": [
80
]
} |
57291cb03f37b3190047802e | States_of_Germany | Later, the constitution was amended to state that the citizens of the 16 states had successfully achieved the unity of Germany in free self-determination and that the Basic Law thus applied to the entire German people. Article 23, which had allowed "any other parts of Germany" to join, was rephrased. It had been used i... | Article 23, before it was rephrased allowed what? | {
"text": [
"\"any other parts of Germany\" to join"
],
"answer_start": [
249
]
} |
57291cb03f37b3190047802f | States_of_Germany | Later, the constitution was amended to state that the citizens of the 16 states had successfully achieved the unity of Germany in free self-determination and that the Basic Law thus applied to the entire German people. Article 23, which had allowed "any other parts of Germany" to join, was rephrased. It had been used i... | Which state was Article 23 used to reintegrate? | {
"text": [
"Saar Protectorate"
],
"answer_start": [
346
]
} |
57291cb03f37b31900478030 | States_of_Germany | Later, the constitution was amended to state that the citizens of the 16 states had successfully achieved the unity of Germany in free self-determination and that the Basic Law thus applied to the entire German people. Article 23, which had allowed "any other parts of Germany" to join, was rephrased. It had been used i... | The amended article 23 now defines the participation of the Federal Council and what else? | {
"text": [
"the 16 German states"
],
"answer_start": [
547
]
} |
57291d241d04691400779065 | States_of_Germany | A new delimitation of the federal territory has been discussed since the Federal Republic was founded in 1949 and even before. Committees and expert commissions advocated a reduction of the number of states; academics (Rutz, Miegel, Ottnad etc.) and politicians (Döring, Apel, and others) made proposals – some of them f... | What has been discussed since the Federal Republic was founded in 1949? | {
"text": [
"new delimitation of the federal territory"
],
"answer_start": [
2
]
} |
57291d241d04691400779066 | States_of_Germany | A new delimitation of the federal territory has been discussed since the Federal Republic was founded in 1949 and even before. Committees and expert commissions advocated a reduction of the number of states; academics (Rutz, Miegel, Ottnad etc.) and politicians (Döring, Apel, and others) made proposals – some of them f... | What have experts advocated in regards to delimitation? | {
"text": [
"a reduction of the number of states"
],
"answer_start": [
171
]
} |
57291d241d04691400779067 | States_of_Germany | A new delimitation of the federal territory has been discussed since the Federal Republic was founded in 1949 and even before. Committees and expert commissions advocated a reduction of the number of states; academics (Rutz, Miegel, Ottnad etc.) and politicians (Döring, Apel, and others) made proposals – some of them f... | What is propagated by the richer states as a means to avoid or reduce fiscal transfers? | {
"text": [
"Territorial reform"
],
"answer_start": [
415
]
} |
57291e663f37b31900478039 | States_of_Germany | The debate on a new delimitation of the German territory started in 1919 as part of discussions about the new constitution. Hugo Preuss, the father of the Weimar Constitution, drafted a plan to divide the German Reich into 14 roughly equal-sized states. His proposal was turned down due to opposition of the states and c... | When did the debate on delimitation begin in Germany? | {
"text": [
"1919"
],
"answer_start": [
68
]
} |
57291e663f37b3190047803a | States_of_Germany | The debate on a new delimitation of the German territory started in 1919 as part of discussions about the new constitution. Hugo Preuss, the father of the Weimar Constitution, drafted a plan to divide the German Reich into 14 roughly equal-sized states. His proposal was turned down due to opposition of the states and c... | Who was the father of the Weimar Constitution? | {
"text": [
"Hugo Preuss"
],
"answer_start": [
124
]
} |
57291e663f37b3190047803b | States_of_Germany | The debate on a new delimitation of the German territory started in 1919 as part of discussions about the new constitution. Hugo Preuss, the father of the Weimar Constitution, drafted a plan to divide the German Reich into 14 roughly equal-sized states. His proposal was turned down due to opposition of the states and c... | How many states was the German Reich to divided into? | {
"text": [
"14"
],
"answer_start": [
223
]
} |
57291e663f37b3190047803c | States_of_Germany | The debate on a new delimitation of the German territory started in 1919 as part of discussions about the new constitution. Hugo Preuss, the father of the Weimar Constitution, drafted a plan to divide the German Reich into 14 roughly equal-sized states. His proposal was turned down due to opposition of the states and c... | Until 1933 how many configurations in the German states occurred? | {
"text": [
"four"
],
"answer_start": [
623
]
} |
57291e663f37b3190047803d | States_of_Germany | The debate on a new delimitation of the German territory started in 1919 as part of discussions about the new constitution. Hugo Preuss, the father of the Weimar Constitution, drafted a plan to divide the German Reich into 14 roughly equal-sized states. His proposal was turned down due to opposition of the states and c... | When did Pyrmont join Prussia? | {
"text": [
"1922"
],
"answer_start": [
784
]
} |
57291f33af94a219006aa0a7 | States_of_Germany | After the Nazi Party seized power in January 1933, the Länder increasingly lost importance. They became administrative regions of a centralised country. Three changes are of particular note: on January 1, 1934, Mecklenburg-Schwerin was united with the neighbouring Mecklenburg-Strelitz; and, by the Greater Hamburg Act (... | When did the Nazi Party seize power? | {
"text": [
"January 1933"
],
"answer_start": [
37
]
} |
57291f33af94a219006aa0a8 | States_of_Germany | After the Nazi Party seized power in January 1933, the Länder increasingly lost importance. They became administrative regions of a centralised country. Three changes are of particular note: on January 1, 1934, Mecklenburg-Schwerin was united with the neighbouring Mecklenburg-Strelitz; and, by the Greater Hamburg Act (... | What happened to the Länder as they lost importance during the Nazi regime? | {
"text": [
"They became administrative regions"
],
"answer_start": [
92
]
} |
57291f33af94a219006aa0a9 | States_of_Germany | After the Nazi Party seized power in January 1933, the Länder increasingly lost importance. They became administrative regions of a centralised country. Three changes are of particular note: on January 1, 1934, Mecklenburg-Schwerin was united with the neighbouring Mecklenburg-Strelitz; and, by the Greater Hamburg Act (... | on January 1, 1934, Mecklenburg-Schwerin was united with which state? | {
"text": [
"Mecklenburg-Strelitz"
],
"answer_start": [
265
]
} |
57291f33af94a219006aa0aa | States_of_Germany | After the Nazi Party seized power in January 1933, the Länder increasingly lost importance. They became administrative regions of a centralised country. Three changes are of particular note: on January 1, 1934, Mecklenburg-Schwerin was united with the neighbouring Mecklenburg-Strelitz; and, by the Greater Hamburg Act (... | When did the Greater Hamburg Act occur? | {
"text": [
"April 1, 1937"
],
"answer_start": [
347
]
} |
57291f33af94a219006aa0ab | States_of_Germany | After the Nazi Party seized power in January 1933, the Länder increasingly lost importance. They became administrative regions of a centralised country. Three changes are of particular note: on January 1, 1934, Mecklenburg-Schwerin was united with the neighbouring Mecklenburg-Strelitz; and, by the Greater Hamburg Act (... | Which Prussian province did Lübeck become a part of? | {
"text": [
"Schleswig-Holstein"
],
"answer_start": [
482
]
} |
57292188af94a219006aa0cf | States_of_Germany | As the premiers did not come to an agreement on this question, the Parliamentary Council was supposed to address this issue. Its provisions are reflected in Article 29. There was a binding provision for a new delimitation of the federal territory: the Federal Territory must be revised ... (paragraph 1). Moreover, in te... | In the revision of Article 29, what was a binding provision for a new delimitation of the federal territory? | {
"text": [
"the Federal Territory must be revised"
],
"answer_start": [
248
]
} |
57292188af94a219006aa0d0 | States_of_Germany | As the premiers did not come to an agreement on this question, the Parliamentary Council was supposed to address this issue. Its provisions are reflected in Article 29. There was a binding provision for a new delimitation of the federal territory: the Federal Territory must be revised ... (paragraph 1). Moreover, in te... | How much of the population must have been in favor of the revision? | {
"text": [
"one tenth"
],
"answer_start": [
585
]
} |
57292188af94a219006aa0d1 | States_of_Germany | As the premiers did not come to an agreement on this question, the Parliamentary Council was supposed to address this issue. Its provisions are reflected in Article 29. There was a binding provision for a new delimitation of the federal territory: the Federal Territory must be revised ... (paragraph 1). Moreover, in te... | What was required in each territory or part of a territory whose affiliation was to be changed? | {
"text": [
"a referendum"
],
"answer_start": [
752
]
} |
57292188af94a219006aa0d2 | States_of_Germany | As the premiers did not come to an agreement on this question, the Parliamentary Council was supposed to address this issue. Its provisions are reflected in Article 29. There was a binding provision for a new delimitation of the federal territory: the Federal Territory must be revised ... (paragraph 1). Moreover, in te... | Which paragraph stated that reorganization should be completed within three years after the Basic Law had come into force? | {
"text": [
"paragraph 6"
],
"answer_start": [
1231
]
} |
5729240c1d046914007790b9 | States_of_Germany | In the Paris Agreements of 23 October 1954, France offered to establish an independent "Saarland", under the auspices of the Western European Union (WEU), but on 23 October 1955 in the Saar Statute referendum the Saar electorate rejected this plan by 67.7% to 32.3% (out of a 96.5% turnout: 423,434 against, 201,975 for)... | In what negotiation did France offer to establish the independent Saarland? | {
"text": [
"Paris Agreements"
],
"answer_start": [
7
]
} |
5729240c1d046914007790ba | States_of_Germany | In the Paris Agreements of 23 October 1954, France offered to establish an independent "Saarland", under the auspices of the Western European Union (WEU), but on 23 October 1955 in the Saar Statute referendum the Saar electorate rejected this plan by 67.7% to 32.3% (out of a 96.5% turnout: 423,434 against, 201,975 for)... | In the 23 October 1955 Saar Statute referendum, what percentage opposed the formation of the Saarland? | {
"text": [
"67.7%"
],
"answer_start": [
251
]
} |
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