id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 217 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
5728fb8a6aef051400154940 | Samurai | In the same war, the Prussian Edward Schnell served the Aizu domain as a military instructor and procurer of weapons. He was granted the Japanese name Hiramatsu Buhei (平松武兵衛), which inverted the characters of the daimyo's name Matsudaira. Hiramatsu (Schnell) was given the right to wear swords, as well as a residence in... | Where did Edward Schnell live? | {
"text": [
"Wakamatsu"
],
"answer_start": [
340
]
} |
5728fbf83f37b31900477f05 | Samurai | As far back as the seventh century Japanese warriors wore a form of lamellar armor, this armor eventually evolved into the armor worn by the samurai. The first types of Japanese armors identified as samurai armor were known as yoroi. These early samurai armors were made from small individual scales known as kozane. The... | What type of armor did Japanese wear in the 7th century? | {
"text": [
"a form of lamellar armor"
],
"answer_start": [
58
]
} |
5728fbf83f37b31900477f06 | Samurai | As far back as the seventh century Japanese warriors wore a form of lamellar armor, this armor eventually evolved into the armor worn by the samurai. The first types of Japanese armors identified as samurai armor were known as yoroi. These early samurai armors were made from small individual scales known as kozane. The... | What was the first samurai armor called? | {
"text": [
"yoroi"
],
"answer_start": [
227
]
} |
5728fbf83f37b31900477f07 | Samurai | As far back as the seventh century Japanese warriors wore a form of lamellar armor, this armor eventually evolved into the armor worn by the samurai. The first types of Japanese armors identified as samurai armor were known as yoroi. These early samurai armors were made from small individual scales known as kozane. The... | What were the small scales in yoroi called? | {
"text": [
"kozane"
],
"answer_start": [
309
]
} |
5728fbf83f37b31900477f08 | Samurai | As far back as the seventh century Japanese warriors wore a form of lamellar armor, this armor eventually evolved into the armor worn by the samurai. The first types of Japanese armors identified as samurai armor were known as yoroi. These early samurai armors were made from small individual scales known as kozane. The... | What were kozane made of? | {
"text": [
"iron or leather"
],
"answer_start": [
350
]
} |
5728fbf83f37b31900477f09 | Samurai | As far back as the seventh century Japanese warriors wore a form of lamellar armor, this armor eventually evolved into the armor worn by the samurai. The first types of Japanese armors identified as samurai armor were known as yoroi. These early samurai armors were made from small individual scales known as kozane. The... | What was a full chest armor called? | {
"text": [
"dou"
],
"answer_start": [
599
]
} |
5728fc671d04691400778f08 | Samurai | In the 1500s a new type of armor started to become popular due to the advent of firearms, new fighting tactics and the need for additional protection. The kozane dou made from individual scales was replaced by plate armor. This new armor, which used iron plated dou (dō), was referred to as Tosei-gusoku, or modern armor... | What type of armor was replaced? | {
"text": [
"kozane dou"
],
"answer_start": [
155
]
} |
5728fc671d04691400778f09 | Samurai | In the 1500s a new type of armor started to become popular due to the advent of firearms, new fighting tactics and the need for additional protection. The kozane dou made from individual scales was replaced by plate armor. This new armor, which used iron plated dou (dō), was referred to as Tosei-gusoku, or modern armor... | What new type of armor replaced the old? | {
"text": [
"plate armor"
],
"answer_start": [
210
]
} |
5728fc671d04691400778f0a | Samurai | In the 1500s a new type of armor started to become popular due to the advent of firearms, new fighting tactics and the need for additional protection. The kozane dou made from individual scales was replaced by plate armor. This new armor, which used iron plated dou (dō), was referred to as Tosei-gusoku, or modern armor... | What was the new armor called? | {
"text": [
"Tosei-gusoku"
],
"answer_start": [
291
]
} |
5728fc671d04691400778f0b | Samurai | In the 1500s a new type of armor started to become popular due to the advent of firearms, new fighting tactics and the need for additional protection. The kozane dou made from individual scales was replaced by plate armor. This new armor, which used iron plated dou (dō), was referred to as Tosei-gusoku, or modern armor... | When was samurai armor last used? | {
"text": [
"1877"
],
"answer_start": [
597
]
} |
5728fce01d04691400778f1b | Samurai | The term samurai originally meant "those who serve in close attendance to nobility", and was written with a Chinese character (or kanji) that had the same meaning. In Japanese, it was originally recorded in the Nara Period as a verb *samorapu ("to watch, to keep watch, to observe, to be on the lookout for something; to... | What did 'samurai' mean at first? | {
"text": [
"those who serve in close attendance to nobility"
],
"answer_start": [
35
]
} |
5728fce01d04691400778f1d | Samurai | The term samurai originally meant "those who serve in close attendance to nobility", and was written with a Chinese character (or kanji) that had the same meaning. In Japanese, it was originally recorded in the Nara Period as a verb *samorapu ("to watch, to keep watch, to observe, to be on the lookout for something; to... | What did 'saburahu' mean? | {
"text": [
"to serve, to attend"
],
"answer_start": [
639
]
} |
5728fce01d04691400778f1e | Samurai | The term samurai originally meant "those who serve in close attendance to nobility", and was written with a Chinese character (or kanji) that had the same meaning. In Japanese, it was originally recorded in the Nara Period as a verb *samorapu ("to watch, to keep watch, to observe, to be on the lookout for something; to... | What did 'saburahi' mean? | {
"text": [
"servant, attendant"
],
"answer_start": [
706
]
} |
5728fce01d04691400778f1f | Samurai | The term samurai originally meant "those who serve in close attendance to nobility", and was written with a Chinese character (or kanji) that had the same meaning. In Japanese, it was originally recorded in the Nara Period as a verb *samorapu ("to watch, to keep watch, to observe, to be on the lookout for something; to... | When was the word 'samurahi' used? | {
"text": [
"the Edo period"
],
"answer_start": [
792
]
} |
5728fd38af94a219006a9edb | Samurai | Bushi was the name given to the ancient Japanese soldiers from traditional warrior families. The bushi class was developed mainly in the north of Japan. They formed powerful clans, which in the 12th century were against the noble families who were grouping themselves to support the imperial family who lived in Kyoto. S... | Who were the bushi class? | {
"text": [
"ancient Japanese soldiers from traditional warrior families"
],
"answer_start": [
32
]
} |
5728fd38af94a219006a9edc | Samurai | Bushi was the name given to the ancient Japanese soldiers from traditional warrior families. The bushi class was developed mainly in the north of Japan. They formed powerful clans, which in the 12th century were against the noble families who were grouping themselves to support the imperial family who lived in Kyoto. S... | Where did the bushi live? | {
"text": [
"mainly in the north of Japan"
],
"answer_start": [
123
]
} |
5728fd38af94a219006a9edd | Samurai | Bushi was the name given to the ancient Japanese soldiers from traditional warrior families. The bushi class was developed mainly in the north of Japan. They formed powerful clans, which in the 12th century were against the noble families who were grouping themselves to support the imperial family who lived in Kyoto. S... | Where did the imperial family live? | {
"text": [
"Kyoto"
],
"answer_start": [
312
]
} |
5728fd38af94a219006a9ede | Samurai | Bushi was the name given to the ancient Japanese soldiers from traditional warrior families. The bushi class was developed mainly in the north of Japan. They formed powerful clans, which in the 12th century were against the noble families who were grouping themselves to support the imperial family who lived in Kyoto. S... | What does Bushido mean? | {
"text": [
"the \"way of the warrior\""
],
"answer_start": [
444
]
} |
5728fd38af94a219006a9edf | Samurai | Bushi was the name given to the ancient Japanese soldiers from traditional warrior families. The bushi class was developed mainly in the north of Japan. They formed powerful clans, which in the 12th century were against the noble families who were grouping themselves to support the imperial family who lived in Kyoto. S... | What was a bukeyashiki? | {
"text": [
"the mansion of a warrior"
],
"answer_start": [
500
]
} |
5728fd971d04691400778f25 | Samurai | Most samurai were bound by a code of honor and were expected to set an example for those below them. A notable part of their code is seppuku (切腹, seppuku?) or hara kiri, which allowed a disgraced samurai to regain his honor by passing into death, where samurai were still beholden to social rules. Whilst there are many ... | What was a synonym for seppuku? | {
"text": [
"hara kiri"
],
"answer_start": [
159
]
} |
5728fd971d04691400778f27 | Samurai | Most samurai were bound by a code of honor and were expected to set an example for those below them. A notable part of their code is seppuku (切腹, seppuku?) or hara kiri, which allowed a disgraced samurai to regain his honor by passing into death, where samurai were still beholden to social rules. Whilst there are many ... | How idealistic were samurai? | {
"text": [
"as practical on the battlefield as were any other warrior"
],
"answer_start": [
497
]
} |
5728fd971d04691400778f28 | Samurai | Most samurai were bound by a code of honor and were expected to set an example for those below them. A notable part of their code is seppuku (切腹, seppuku?) or hara kiri, which allowed a disgraced samurai to regain his honor by passing into death, where samurai were still beholden to social rules. Whilst there are many ... | How were samurai unrealistically portrayed? | {
"text": [
"romanticized"
],
"answer_start": [
320
]
} |
5728fdf9af94a219006a9ee5 | Samurai | Despite the rampant romanticism of the 20th century, samurai could be disloyal and treacherous (e.g., Akechi Mitsuhide), cowardly, brave, or overly loyal (e.g., Kusunoki Masashige). Samurai were usually loyal to their immediate superiors, who in turn allied themselves with higher lords. These loyalties to the higher lo... | Who was an example of a disloyal samurai? | {
"text": [
"Akechi Mitsuhide"
],
"answer_start": [
102
]
} |
5728fdf9af94a219006a9ee6 | Samurai | Despite the rampant romanticism of the 20th century, samurai could be disloyal and treacherous (e.g., Akechi Mitsuhide), cowardly, brave, or overly loyal (e.g., Kusunoki Masashige). Samurai were usually loyal to their immediate superiors, who in turn allied themselves with higher lords. These loyalties to the higher lo... | Who was an example of an excessively loyal samurai? | {
"text": [
"Kusunoki Masashige)"
],
"answer_start": [
161
]
} |
5728fdf9af94a219006a9ee7 | Samurai | Despite the rampant romanticism of the 20th century, samurai could be disloyal and treacherous (e.g., Akechi Mitsuhide), cowardly, brave, or overly loyal (e.g., Kusunoki Masashige). Samurai were usually loyal to their immediate superiors, who in turn allied themselves with higher lords. These loyalties to the higher lo... | Some feudal lords shifted loyalties from Toyotomi to whom? | {
"text": [
"Tokugawa"
],
"answer_start": [
497
]
} |
5728fdf9af94a219006a9ee8 | Samurai | Despite the rampant romanticism of the 20th century, samurai could be disloyal and treacherous (e.g., Akechi Mitsuhide), cowardly, brave, or overly loyal (e.g., Kusunoki Masashige). Samurai were usually loyal to their immediate superiors, who in turn allied themselves with higher lords. These loyalties to the higher lo... | What sometimes overrode samurais' loyalty to the daimyo? | {
"text": [
"loyalty to the Emperor was seen to have supremacy"
],
"answer_start": [
645
]
} |
5728fe6d3f37b31900477f41 | Samurai | Jidaigeki (literally historical drama) has always been a staple program on Japanese movies and television. The programs typically feature a samurai. Samurai films and westerns share a number of similarities and the two have influenced each other over the years. One of Japan’s most renowned directors, Akira Kurosawa, gr... | What is Jidaigeki? | {
"text": [
"historical drama"
],
"answer_start": [
21
]
} |
5728fe6d3f37b31900477f42 | Samurai | Jidaigeki (literally historical drama) has always been a staple program on Japanese movies and television. The programs typically feature a samurai. Samurai films and westerns share a number of similarities and the two have influenced each other over the years. One of Japan’s most renowned directors, Akira Kurosawa, gr... | Who is Akira Kurosawa? | {
"text": [
"One of Japan’s most renowned directors"
],
"answer_start": [
262
]
} |
5728fe6d3f37b31900477f43 | Samurai | Jidaigeki (literally historical drama) has always been a staple program on Japanese movies and television. The programs typically feature a samurai. Samurai films and westerns share a number of similarities and the two have influenced each other over the years. One of Japan’s most renowned directors, Akira Kurosawa, gr... | Who directed 'Seven Samurai'? | {
"text": [
"Akira Kurosawa"
],
"answer_start": [
302
]
} |
5728fe6d3f37b31900477f44 | Samurai | Jidaigeki (literally historical drama) has always been a staple program on Japanese movies and television. The programs typically feature a samurai. Samurai films and westerns share a number of similarities and the two have influenced each other over the years. One of Japan’s most renowned directors, Akira Kurosawa, gr... | What Japanese movie is 'Star Wars: A New Hope' said to be similar to? | {
"text": [
"Seven Samurai"
],
"answer_start": [
463
]
} |
5728fe6d3f37b31900477f45 | Samurai | Jidaigeki (literally historical drama) has always been a staple program on Japanese movies and television. The programs typically feature a samurai. Samurai films and westerns share a number of similarities and the two have influenced each other over the years. One of Japan’s most renowned directors, Akira Kurosawa, gr... | What western was inspired by 'Seven Samurai'? | {
"text": [
"The Magnificent Seven"
],
"answer_start": [
844
]
} |
5728ff866aef05140015495c | Samurai | Most common are historical works where the protagonist is either a samurai or former samurai (or another rank or position) who possesses considerable martial skill. Eiji Yoshikawa is one of the most famous Japanese historical novelists. His retellings of popular works, including Taiko, Musashi and Heike Tale, are popul... | Who is Eiji Yoshikawa? | {
"text": [
"one of the most famous Japanese historical novelists"
],
"answer_start": [
183
]
} |
5728ff866aef05140015495e | Samurai | Most common are historical works where the protagonist is either a samurai or former samurai (or another rank or position) who possesses considerable martial skill. Eiji Yoshikawa is one of the most famous Japanese historical novelists. His retellings of popular works, including Taiko, Musashi and Heike Tale, are popul... | What are Japanese comic books called? | {
"text": [
"manga"
],
"answer_start": [
501
]
} |
5728ff866aef05140015495f | Samurai | Most common are historical works where the protagonist is either a samurai or former samurai (or another rank or position) who possesses considerable martial skill. Eiji Yoshikawa is one of the most famous Japanese historical novelists. His retellings of popular works, including Taiko, Musashi and Heike Tale, are popul... | What are Japanese animation called? | {
"text": [
"anime"
],
"answer_start": [
523
]
} |
5728ffd73f37b31900477f4b | Samurai | Just in the last two decades,[when?] samurai have become more popular in America. “Hyperbolizing the samurai in such a way that they appear as a whole to be a loyal body of master warriors provides international interest in certain characters due to admirable traits” (Moscardi, N.D.). Through various medium, producers ... | Who said America hyperbolizes the samurai? | {
"text": [
"Moscardi, N.D."
],
"answer_start": [
269
]
} |
5728ffd73f37b31900477f4c | Samurai | Just in the last two decades,[when?] samurai have become more popular in America. “Hyperbolizing the samurai in such a way that they appear as a whole to be a loyal body of master warriors provides international interest in certain characters due to admirable traits” (Moscardi, N.D.). Through various medium, producers ... | What kind of animation did Afro Samurai have? | {
"text": [
"hack-and-slash"
],
"answer_start": [
515
]
} |
5728ffd73f37b31900477f4d | Samurai | Just in the last two decades,[when?] samurai have become more popular in America. “Hyperbolizing the samurai in such a way that they appear as a whole to be a loyal body of master warriors provides international interest in certain characters due to admirable traits” (Moscardi, N.D.). Through various medium, producers ... | What kind of music did Afro Samurai have? | {
"text": [
"gritty urban"
],
"answer_start": [
544
]
} |
572900303f37b31900477f51 | Samurai | Created by Takashi Okazaki, Afro Samurai was initially a doujinshi, or manga series, which was then made into an animated series by Studio Gonzo. In 2007 the animated series debuted on American cable television on the Spike TV channel (Denison, 2010). The series was produced for American viewers which “embodies the tre... | Who created Afro Samurai? | {
"text": [
"Takashi Okazaki"
],
"answer_start": [
11
]
} |
572900303f37b31900477f52 | Samurai | Created by Takashi Okazaki, Afro Samurai was initially a doujinshi, or manga series, which was then made into an animated series by Studio Gonzo. In 2007 the animated series debuted on American cable television on the Spike TV channel (Denison, 2010). The series was produced for American viewers which “embodies the tre... | Who made Afro Samurai into an animated TV show? | {
"text": [
"Studio Gonzo"
],
"answer_start": [
132
]
} |
572900303f37b31900477f53 | Samurai | Created by Takashi Okazaki, Afro Samurai was initially a doujinshi, or manga series, which was then made into an animated series by Studio Gonzo. In 2007 the animated series debuted on American cable television on the Spike TV channel (Denison, 2010). The series was produced for American viewers which “embodies the tre... | When did Afro Samurai first air? | {
"text": [
"2007"
],
"answer_start": [
149
]
} |
572900303f37b31900477f54 | Samurai | Created by Takashi Okazaki, Afro Samurai was initially a doujinshi, or manga series, which was then made into an animated series by Studio Gonzo. In 2007 the animated series debuted on American cable television on the Spike TV channel (Denison, 2010). The series was produced for American viewers which “embodies the tre... | On what channel did Afro Samurai air? | {
"text": [
"Spike TV"
],
"answer_start": [
218
]
} |
572900303f37b31900477f55 | Samurai | Created by Takashi Okazaki, Afro Samurai was initially a doujinshi, or manga series, which was then made into an animated series by Studio Gonzo. In 2007 the animated series debuted on American cable television on the Spike TV channel (Denison, 2010). The series was produced for American viewers which “embodies the tre... | Who was the star voice actor of Afro Samurai? | {
"text": [
"Samuel L. Jackson"
],
"answer_start": [
598
]
} |
5729009aaf94a219006a9f0d | Samurai | American comic books have adopted the character type for stories of their own like the mutant-villain Silver Samurai of Marvel Comics. The design of this character preserves the samurai appearance; the villain is “Clad in traditional gleaming samurai armor and wielding an energy charged katana” (Buxton, 2013). Not only... | In what company's comics did Silver Samurai appear? | {
"text": [
"Marvel"
],
"answer_start": [
120
]
} |
5729009aaf94a219006a9f0e | Samurai | American comic books have adopted the character type for stories of their own like the mutant-villain Silver Samurai of Marvel Comics. The design of this character preserves the samurai appearance; the villain is “Clad in traditional gleaming samurai armor and wielding an energy charged katana” (Buxton, 2013). Not only... | What is Silver Samurai's weapon? | {
"text": [
"an energy charged katana"
],
"answer_start": [
270
]
} |
5729009aaf94a219006a9f0f | Samurai | American comic books have adopted the character type for stories of their own like the mutant-villain Silver Samurai of Marvel Comics. The design of this character preserves the samurai appearance; the villain is “Clad in traditional gleaming samurai armor and wielding an energy charged katana” (Buxton, 2013). Not only... | How many comic books has Silver Samurai appeared in? | {
"text": [
"over 350"
],
"answer_start": [
350
]
} |
5729009aaf94a219006a9f10 | Samurai | American comic books have adopted the character type for stories of their own like the mutant-villain Silver Samurai of Marvel Comics. The design of this character preserves the samurai appearance; the villain is “Clad in traditional gleaming samurai armor and wielding an energy charged katana” (Buxton, 2013). Not only... | Who starred in The Last Samurai? | {
"text": [
"Tom Cruise"
],
"answer_start": [
738
]
} |
5729009aaf94a219006a9f11 | Samurai | American comic books have adopted the character type for stories of their own like the mutant-villain Silver Samurai of Marvel Comics. The design of this character preserves the samurai appearance; the villain is “Clad in traditional gleaming samurai armor and wielding an energy charged katana” (Buxton, 2013). Not only... | Who did Tom Cruise play in The Last Samurai? | {
"text": [
"US Army Captain Nathan Algren"
],
"answer_start": [
1209
]
} |
57290d3a6aef0514001549f6 | Software_testing | As the number of possible tests for even simple software components is practically infinite, all software testing uses some strategy to select tests that are feasible for the available time and resources. As a result, software testing typically (but not exclusively) attempts to execute a program or application with the... | What is the purpose of testing software? | {
"text": [
"finding software bugs"
],
"answer_start": [
331
]
} |
57290d3a6aef0514001549f7 | Software_testing | As the number of possible tests for even simple software components is practically infinite, all software testing uses some strategy to select tests that are feasible for the available time and resources. As a result, software testing typically (but not exclusively) attempts to execute a program or application with the... | Why is it so difficult to locate bugs in software? | {
"text": [
"tests for even simple software components is practically infinite"
],
"answer_start": [
26
]
} |
57290d3a6aef0514001549f8 | Software_testing | As the number of possible tests for even simple software components is practically infinite, all software testing uses some strategy to select tests that are feasible for the available time and resources. As a result, software testing typically (but not exclusively) attempts to execute a program or application with the... | What can come from one bug being fixed? | {
"text": [
"it can illuminate other, deeper bugs,"
],
"answer_start": [
449
]
} |
57290ea56aef0514001549fc | Software_testing | Although testing can determine the correctness of software under the assumption of some specific hypotheses (see hierarchy of testing difficulty below), testing cannot identify all the defects within software. Instead, it furnishes a criticism or comparison that compares the state and behavior of the product against or... | What can testing not completely find? | {
"text": [
"all the defects"
],
"answer_start": [
177
]
} |
57290ea56aef0514001549fd | Software_testing | Although testing can determine the correctness of software under the assumption of some specific hypotheses (see hierarchy of testing difficulty below), testing cannot identify all the defects within software. Instead, it furnishes a criticism or comparison that compares the state and behavior of the product against or... | While looking for bugs, what else can testing do? | {
"text": [
"furnishes a criticism or comparison"
],
"answer_start": [
222
]
} |
57290ea56aef0514001549fe | Software_testing | Although testing can determine the correctness of software under the assumption of some specific hypotheses (see hierarchy of testing difficulty below), testing cannot identify all the defects within software. Instead, it furnishes a criticism or comparison that compares the state and behavior of the product against or... | What does the software compare during testing against? | {
"text": [
"oracles—principles or mechanisms"
],
"answer_start": [
318
]
} |
57290ea56aef0514001549ff | Software_testing | Although testing can determine the correctness of software under the assumption of some specific hypotheses (see hierarchy of testing difficulty below), testing cannot identify all the defects within software. Instead, it furnishes a criticism or comparison that compares the state and behavior of the product against or... | What make up the oracle during testing? | {
"text": [
"specifications, contracts, comparable products, past versions"
],
"answer_start": [
446
]
} |
572910176aef051400154a0e | Software_testing | A primary purpose of testing is to detect software failures so that defects may be discovered and corrected. Testing cannot establish that a product functions properly under all conditions but can only establish that it does not function properly under specific conditions. The scope of software testing often includes e... | What is the primamry reason for testing software? | {
"text": [
"to detect software failures"
],
"answer_start": [
32
]
} |
572910176aef051400154a0f | Software_testing | A primary purpose of testing is to detect software failures so that defects may be discovered and corrected. Testing cannot establish that a product functions properly under all conditions but can only establish that it does not function properly under specific conditions. The scope of software testing often includes e... | What can testing software not fully completely establish? | {
"text": [
"cannot establish that a product functions properly under all conditions"
],
"answer_start": [
117
]
} |
572910176aef051400154a10 | Software_testing | A primary purpose of testing is to detect software failures so that defects may be discovered and corrected. Testing cannot establish that a product functions properly under all conditions but can only establish that it does not function properly under specific conditions. The scope of software testing often includes e... | What does the scope of testing the software also look at? | {
"text": [
"examination of code as well as execution of that code"
],
"answer_start": [
319
]
} |
572910176aef051400154a11 | Software_testing | A primary purpose of testing is to detect software failures so that defects may be discovered and corrected. Testing cannot establish that a product functions properly under all conditions but can only establish that it does not function properly under specific conditions. The scope of software testing often includes e... | Which two teams would you normally separate when writing and testing software? | {
"text": [
"testing organization may be separate from the development team"
],
"answer_start": [
569
]
} |
572911636aef051400154a20 | Software_testing | Software faults occur through the following processes. A programmer makes an error (mistake), which results in a defect (fault, bug) in the software source code. If this defect is executed, in certain situations the system will produce wrong results, causing a failure. Not all defects will necessarily result in failure... | What is the first step that leads to a software failure? | {
"text": [
"programmer makes an error"
],
"answer_start": [
57
]
} |
572911636aef051400154a21 | Software_testing | Software faults occur through the following processes. A programmer makes an error (mistake), which results in a defect (fault, bug) in the software source code. If this defect is executed, in certain situations the system will produce wrong results, causing a failure. Not all defects will necessarily result in failure... | What is the result of the programmer making a mistake? | {
"text": [
"defect (fault, bug)"
],
"answer_start": [
113
]
} |
572911636aef051400154a22 | Software_testing | Software faults occur through the following processes. A programmer makes an error (mistake), which results in a defect (fault, bug) in the software source code. If this defect is executed, in certain situations the system will produce wrong results, causing a failure. Not all defects will necessarily result in failure... | When can software defects in dead code cause problems? | {
"text": [
"run on a new computer hardware platform"
],
"answer_start": [
522
]
} |
5729134aaf94a219006aa032 | Software_testing | A fundamental problem with software testing is that testing under all combinations of inputs and preconditions (initial state) is not feasible, even with a simple product.:17-18 This means that the number of defects in a software product can be very large and defects that occur infrequently are difficult to find in tes... | What types of software bugs are difficult to find during testing? | {
"text": [
"defects that occur infrequently"
],
"answer_start": [
260
]
} |
5729134aaf94a219006aa033 | Software_testing | A fundamental problem with software testing is that testing under all combinations of inputs and preconditions (initial state) is not feasible, even with a simple product.:17-18 This means that the number of defects in a software product can be very large and defects that occur infrequently are difficult to find in tes... | What other non-functional dimensions can cause software to underperform and cause other problems? | {
"text": [
"usability, scalability, performance, compatibility, reliability"
],
"answer_start": [
443
]
} |
5729141f6aef051400154a3a | Software_testing | Software developers can't test everything, but they can use combinatorial test design to identify the minimum number of tests needed to get the coverage they want. Combinatorial test design enables users to get greater test coverage with fewer tests. Whether they are looking for speed or test depth, they can use combin... | Although software developers are unable to test everything, what do they run to keep the testing to a minimum? | {
"text": [
"use combinatorial test design"
],
"answer_start": [
56
]
} |
5729141f6aef051400154a3b | Software_testing | Software developers can't test everything, but they can use combinatorial test design to identify the minimum number of tests needed to get the coverage they want. Combinatorial test design enables users to get greater test coverage with fewer tests. Whether they are looking for speed or test depth, they can use combin... | What does the use of combinatorial testing consist of? | {
"text": [
"get greater test coverage with fewer tests"
],
"answer_start": [
207
]
} |
5729141f6aef051400154a3c | Software_testing | Software developers can't test everything, but they can use combinatorial test design to identify the minimum number of tests needed to get the coverage they want. Combinatorial test design enables users to get greater test coverage with fewer tests. Whether they are looking for speed or test depth, they can use combin... | What two types of testing are involved with combinatorial testing as mentioned here? | {
"text": [
"speed or test depth"
],
"answer_start": [
280
]
} |
572914a26aef051400154a40 | Software_testing | It is commonly believed that the earlier a defect is found, the cheaper it is to fix it. The following table shows the cost of fixing the defect depending on the stage it was found. For example, if a problem in the requirements is found only post-release, then it would cost 10–100 times more to fix than if it had alrea... | What determines the cost of fixing a bug? | {
"text": [
"the earlier a defect is found"
],
"answer_start": [
29
]
} |
572914a26aef051400154a41 | Software_testing | It is commonly believed that the earlier a defect is found, the cheaper it is to fix it. The following table shows the cost of fixing the defect depending on the stage it was found. For example, if a problem in the requirements is found only post-release, then it would cost 10–100 times more to fix than if it had alrea... | Ho many more times would the cost be if the problem is found after the software's release? | {
"text": [
"10–100 times more"
],
"answer_start": [
275
]
} |
572914a26aef051400154a42 | Software_testing | It is commonly believed that the earlier a defect is found, the cheaper it is to fix it. The following table shows the cost of fixing the defect depending on the stage it was found. For example, if a problem in the requirements is found only post-release, then it would cost 10–100 times more to fix than if it had alrea... | What could possibly lessen the cost of fixing buggy software? | {
"text": [
"cloud-based services"
],
"answer_start": [
424
]
} |
572915f36aef051400154a4e | Software_testing | There are many approaches available in software testing. Reviews, walkthroughs, or inspections are referred to as static testing, whereas actually executing programmed code with a given set of test cases is referred to as dynamic testing. Static testing is often implicit, as proofreading, plus when programming tools/te... | Name three approaches software testers take when testing their software? | {
"text": [
"Reviews, walkthroughs, or inspections"
],
"answer_start": [
57
]
} |
572915f36aef051400154a4f | Software_testing | There are many approaches available in software testing. Reviews, walkthroughs, or inspections are referred to as static testing, whereas actually executing programmed code with a given set of test cases is referred to as dynamic testing. Static testing is often implicit, as proofreading, plus when programming tools/te... | What is the term that is used to described executing programmed code with a given set of test? | {
"text": [
"dynamic testing"
],
"answer_start": [
222
]
} |
572915f36aef051400154a50 | Software_testing | There are many approaches available in software testing. Reviews, walkthroughs, or inspections are referred to as static testing, whereas actually executing programmed code with a given set of test cases is referred to as dynamic testing. Static testing is often implicit, as proofreading, plus when programming tools/te... | When can dynamic testing occur? | {
"text": [
"before the program is 100% complete"
],
"answer_start": [
529
]
} |
572915f36aef051400154a51 | Software_testing | There are many approaches available in software testing. Reviews, walkthroughs, or inspections are referred to as static testing, whereas actually executing programmed code with a given set of test cases is referred to as dynamic testing. Static testing is often implicit, as proofreading, plus when programming tools/te... | What are commonly used techniques during dynamic testing? | {
"text": [
"stubs/drivers or execution from a debugger environment"
],
"answer_start": [
705
]
} |
5729193baf94a219006aa06f | Software_testing | White-box testing (also known as clear box testing, glass box testing, transparent box testing and structural testing, by seeing the source code) tests internal structures or workings of a program, as opposed to the functionality exposed to the end-user. In white-box testing an internal perspective of the system, as we... | What is another term used for White-box testing? | {
"text": [
"clear box testing"
],
"answer_start": [
33
]
} |
5729193baf94a219006aa070 | Software_testing | White-box testing (also known as clear box testing, glass box testing, transparent box testing and structural testing, by seeing the source code) tests internal structures or workings of a program, as opposed to the functionality exposed to the end-user. In white-box testing an internal perspective of the system, as we... | What is involved with White-box testing? | {
"text": [
"by seeing the source code"
],
"answer_start": [
119
]
} |
57291acd3f37b3190047801d | Software_testing | Black-box testing treats the software as a "black box", examining functionality without any knowledge of internal implementation, without seeing the source code. The testers are only aware of what the software is supposed to do, not how it does it. Black-box testing methods include: equivalence partitioning, boundary v... | What is the main difference between black-box testing and white-box testing? | {
"text": [
"seeing the source code"
],
"answer_start": [
138
]
} |
57291acd3f37b3190047801e | Software_testing | Black-box testing treats the software as a "black box", examining functionality without any knowledge of internal implementation, without seeing the source code. The testers are only aware of what the software is supposed to do, not how it does it. Black-box testing methods include: equivalence partitioning, boundary v... | What are the software testers aware of? | {
"text": [
"aware of what the software is supposed to do"
],
"answer_start": [
183
]
} |
57291acd3f37b3190047801f | Software_testing | Black-box testing treats the software as a "black box", examining functionality without any knowledge of internal implementation, without seeing the source code. The testers are only aware of what the software is supposed to do, not how it does it. Black-box testing methods include: equivalence partitioning, boundary v... | What are the first three methods mentioned that make up black-box testing?? | {
"text": [
"equivalence partitioning, boundary value analysis"
],
"answer_start": [
284
]
} |
57291e76af94a219006aa0a1 | Software_testing | Specification-based testing aims to test the functionality of software according to the applicable requirements. This level of testing usually requires thorough test cases to be provided to the tester, who then can simply verify that for a given input, the output value (or behavior), either "is" or "is not" the same as... | What term is used to test functionality of the software accordingly with the application requirements? | {
"text": [
"Specification-based testing"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
57291e76af94a219006aa0a2 | Software_testing | Specification-based testing aims to test the functionality of software according to the applicable requirements. This level of testing usually requires thorough test cases to be provided to the tester, who then can simply verify that for a given input, the output value (or behavior), either "is" or "is not" the same as... | What are the test cases built around? | {
"text": [
"specifications and requirements"
],
"answer_start": [
396
]
} |
57291e76af94a219006aa0a3 | Software_testing | Specification-based testing aims to test the functionality of software according to the applicable requirements. This level of testing usually requires thorough test cases to be provided to the tester, who then can simply verify that for a given input, the output value (or behavior), either "is" or "is not" the same as... | When building test cases which of the two methods used is more common over the other? | {
"text": [
"functional"
],
"answer_start": [
660
]
} |
572921606aef051400154a72 | Software_testing | One advantage of the black box technique is that no programming knowledge is required. Whatever biases the programmers may have had, the tester likely has a different set and may emphasize different areas of functionality. On the other hand, black-box testing has been said to be "like a walk in a dark labyrinth without... | What is one huge advantage to using the black-box method? | {
"text": [
"no programming knowledge is required"
],
"answer_start": [
49
]
} |
572921606aef051400154a73 | Software_testing | One advantage of the black box technique is that no programming knowledge is required. Whatever biases the programmers may have had, the tester likely has a different set and may emphasize different areas of functionality. On the other hand, black-box testing has been said to be "like a walk in a dark labyrinth without... | What can black-box testing sometimes be referred to with the in-ability to see the code? | {
"text": [
"like a walk in a dark labyrinth without a flashlight."
],
"answer_start": [
281
]
} |
5729223faf94a219006aa0d7 | Software_testing | Grey-box testing (American spelling: gray-box testing) involves having knowledge of internal data structures and algorithms for purposes of designing tests, while executing those tests at the user, or black-box level. The tester is not required to have full access to the software's source code.[not in citation given] M... | What does grey-box testing involve? | {
"text": [
"having knowledge of internal data structures and algorithms"
],
"answer_start": [
64
]
} |
5729223faf94a219006aa0d9 | Software_testing | Grey-box testing (American spelling: gray-box testing) involves having knowledge of internal data structures and algorithms for purposes of designing tests, while executing those tests at the user, or black-box level. The tester is not required to have full access to the software's source code.[not in citation given] M... | What does not qualify as grey-box testing? | {
"text": [
"Manipulating input data and formatting output"
],
"answer_start": [
319
]
} |
5729296d6aef051400154afa | Software_testing | By knowing the underlying concepts of how the software works, the tester makes better-informed testing choices while testing the software from outside. Typically, a grey-box tester will be permitted to set up an isolated testing environment with activities such as seeding a database. The tester can observe the state of... | What dopes a typical grey-box tester sets up? | {
"text": [
"an isolated testing environment"
],
"answer_start": [
209
]
} |
5729296d6aef051400154afb | Software_testing | By knowing the underlying concepts of how the software works, the tester makes better-informed testing choices while testing the software from outside. Typically, a grey-box tester will be permitted to set up an isolated testing environment with activities such as seeding a database. The tester can observe the state of... | What does the tester execute while performing certain actions? | {
"text": [
"SQL statements"
],
"answer_start": [
397
]
} |
5729296d6aef051400154afc | Software_testing | By knowing the underlying concepts of how the software works, the tester makes better-informed testing choices while testing the software from outside. Typically, a grey-box tester will be permitted to set up an isolated testing environment with activities such as seeding a database. The tester can observe the state of... | What does a grey-box tester implement when they have limited information? | {
"text": [
"intelligent test scenarios"
],
"answer_start": [
545
]
} |
57292a631d04691400779105 | Software_testing | There are generally four recognized levels of tests: unit testing, integration testing, component interface testing, and system testing. Tests are frequently grouped by where they are added in the software development process, or by the level of specificity of the test. The main levels during the development process as... | What are the four recognized levels of testing software? | {
"text": [
"unit testing, integration testing, component interface testing, and system testing"
],
"answer_start": [
53
]
} |
57292a631d04691400779107 | Software_testing | There are generally four recognized levels of tests: unit testing, integration testing, component interface testing, and system testing. Tests are frequently grouped by where they are added in the software development process, or by the level of specificity of the test. The main levels during the development process as... | What is defined in the SWEBOK guide as to testing the main levels? | {
"text": [
"unit-, integration-, and system testing"
],
"answer_start": [
353
]
} |
57292a631d04691400779108 | Software_testing | There are generally four recognized levels of tests: unit testing, integration testing, component interface testing, and system testing. Tests are frequently grouped by where they are added in the software development process, or by the level of specificity of the test. The main levels during the development process as... | What are the other levels classified by? | {
"text": [
"the testing objective"
],
"answer_start": [
514
]
} |
57292bf71d0469140077910d | Software_testing | Unit testing is a software development process that involves synchronized application of a broad spectrum of defect prevention and detection strategies in order to reduce software development risks, time, and costs. It is performed by the software developer or engineer during the construction phase of the software deve... | What is the main reasoning behind Unit testing that involves synchronization of the application on a broad spectrum? | {
"text": [
"reduce software development risks, time, and costs"
],
"answer_start": [
164
]
} |
57292bf71d0469140077910e | Software_testing | Unit testing is a software development process that involves synchronized application of a broad spectrum of defect prevention and detection strategies in order to reduce software development risks, time, and costs. It is performed by the software developer or engineer during the construction phase of the software deve... | Who performs the Unit testing phase? | {
"text": [
"software developer or engineer"
],
"answer_start": [
239
]
} |
57292bf71d0469140077910f | Software_testing | Unit testing is a software development process that involves synchronized application of a broad spectrum of defect prevention and detection strategies in order to reduce software development risks, time, and costs. It is performed by the software developer or engineer during the construction phase of the software deve... | What does Unit testing look to eliminate? | {
"text": [
"construction errors"
],
"answer_start": [
430
]
} |
57292bf71d04691400779110 | Software_testing | Unit testing is a software development process that involves synchronized application of a broad spectrum of defect prevention and detection strategies in order to reduce software development risks, time, and costs. It is performed by the software developer or engineer during the construction phase of the software deve... | By elimination construction errors, what is the expected end result? | {
"text": [
"increase the quality of the resulting software"
],
"answer_start": [
510
]
} |
572937f3af94a219006aa1b7 | Software_testing | The practice of component interface testing can be used to check the handling of data passed between various units, or subsystem components, beyond full integration testing between those units. The data being passed can be considered as "message packets" and the range or data types can be checked, for data generated fr... | What is it called to check data passed between units? | {
"text": [
"component interface testing"
],
"answer_start": [
16
]
} |
572937f3af94a219006aa1b8 | Software_testing | The practice of component interface testing can be used to check the handling of data passed between various units, or subsystem components, beyond full integration testing between those units. The data being passed can be considered as "message packets" and the range or data types can be checked, for data generated fr... | What is it called when data is being passed? | {
"text": [
"message packets"
],
"answer_start": [
238
]
} |
572937f3af94a219006aa1b9 | Software_testing | The practice of component interface testing can be used to check the handling of data passed between various units, or subsystem components, beyond full integration testing between those units. The data being passed can be considered as "message packets" and the range or data types can be checked, for data generated fr... | What is an option of component interface testing used while sending message packets? | {
"text": [
"keep a separate log file of data items being passed"
],
"answer_start": [
435
]
} |
572937f3af94a219006aa1ba | Software_testing | The practice of component interface testing can be used to check the handling of data passed between various units, or subsystem components, beyond full integration testing between those units. The data being passed can be considered as "message packets" and the range or data types can be checked, for data generated fr... | What is a variation of black-box testing? | {
"text": [
"Component interface testing"
],
"answer_start": [
829
]
} |
572938f31d04691400779187 | Software_testing | Operational Acceptance is used to conduct operational readiness (pre-release) of a product, service or system as part of a quality management system. OAT is a common type of non-functional software testing, used mainly in software development and software maintenance projects. This type of testing focuses on the operat... | What is the term used to test software during a pre-release? | {
"text": [
"Operational Acceptance"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
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