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572975b16aef051400154f42
Renewable_energy_commercialization
The incentive to use 100% renewable energy, for electricity, transport, or even total primary energy supply globally, has been motivated by global warming and other ecological as well as economic concerns. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has said that there are few fundamental technological limits to inte...
What motivated the incentive to use 100 percent renewable energy?
{ "text": [ "global warming" ], "answer_start": [ 140 ] }
572975b16aef051400154f43
Renewable_energy_commercialization
The incentive to use 100% renewable energy, for electricity, transport, or even total primary energy supply globally, has been motivated by global warming and other ecological as well as economic concerns. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has said that there are few fundamental technological limits to inte...
How many nations already have renewable energy contributing to more than 20 percent of energy supply?
{ "text": [ "at least 30 nations" ], "answer_start": [ 796 ] }
572975b16aef051400154f44
Renewable_energy_commercialization
The incentive to use 100% renewable energy, for electricity, transport, or even total primary energy supply globally, has been motivated by global warming and other ecological as well as economic concerns. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has said that there are few fundamental technological limits to inte...
Who developed a series of stabilization wedges?
{ "text": [ "Professors S. Pacala and Robert H. Socolow" ], "answer_start": [ 914 ] }
57297650af94a219006aa47b
Renewable_energy_commercialization
Mark Z. Jacobson, professor of civil and environmental engineering at Stanford University and director of its Atmosphere and Energy Program says producing all new energy with wind power, solar power, and hydropower by 2030 is feasible and existing energy supply arrangements could be replaced by 2050. Barriers to implem...
Who is a professor of civil and environmental engineering at Stanford University?
{ "text": [ "Mark Z. Jacobson" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
57297650af94a219006aa47c
Renewable_energy_commercialization
Mark Z. Jacobson, professor of civil and environmental engineering at Stanford University and director of its Atmosphere and Energy Program says producing all new energy with wind power, solar power, and hydropower by 2030 is feasible and existing energy supply arrangements could be replaced by 2050. Barriers to implem...
What is a barrier to implementing the renewable energy plan?
{ "text": [ "social and political" ], "answer_start": [ 379 ] }
57297650af94a219006aa47d
Renewable_energy_commercialization
Mark Z. Jacobson, professor of civil and environmental engineering at Stanford University and director of its Atmosphere and Energy Program says producing all new energy with wind power, solar power, and hydropower by 2030 is feasible and existing energy supply arrangements could be replaced by 2050. Barriers to implem...
Who stated that energy costs with a wind, solar, water system should be similar to today's energy costs?
{ "text": [ "Mark Z. Jacobson" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
57297650af94a219006aa47e
Renewable_energy_commercialization
Mark Z. Jacobson, professor of civil and environmental engineering at Stanford University and director of its Atmosphere and Energy Program says producing all new energy with wind power, solar power, and hydropower by 2030 is feasible and existing energy supply arrangements could be replaced by 2050. Barriers to implem...
Jacobson says producing all new energy with wind power, solar power and hydropower is feasible by what year?
{ "text": [ "2030" ], "answer_start": [ 218 ] }
572977183f37b3190047845a
Renewable_energy_commercialization
Similarly, in the United States, the independent National Research Council has noted that "sufficient domestic renewable resources exist to allow renewable electricity to play a significant role in future electricity generation and thus help confront issues related to climate change, energy security, and the escalation...
In what country is the National Research Council located?
{ "text": [ "United States" ], "answer_start": [ 18 ] }
572946c53f37b319004781f3
Palermo
Palermo (Italian: [paˈlɛrmo] ( listen), Sicilian: Palermu, Latin: Panormus, from Greek: Πάνορμος, Panormos, Arabic: بَلَرْم‎, Balarm; Phoenician: זִיז, Ziz) is a city in Insular Italy, the capital of both the autonomous region of Sicily and the Province of Palermo. The city is noted for its history, culture, architectu...
For what is Palermo known?
{ "text": [ "history, culture, architecture and gastronomy" ], "answer_start": [ 292 ] }
572946c53f37b319004781f4
Palermo
Palermo (Italian: [paˈlɛrmo] ( listen), Sicilian: Palermu, Latin: Panormus, from Greek: Πάνορμος, Panormos, Arabic: بَلَرْم‎, Balarm; Phoenician: זִיז, Ziz) is a city in Insular Italy, the capital of both the autonomous region of Sicily and the Province of Palermo. The city is noted for its history, culture, architectu...
How old is the city of Palermo?
{ "text": [ "2,700 years old" ], "answer_start": [ 410 ] }
572946c53f37b319004781f5
Palermo
Palermo (Italian: [paˈlɛrmo] ( listen), Sicilian: Palermu, Latin: Panormus, from Greek: Πάνορμος, Panormos, Arabic: بَلَرْم‎, Balarm; Phoenician: זִיז, Ziz) is a city in Insular Italy, the capital of both the autonomous region of Sicily and the Province of Palermo. The city is noted for its history, culture, architectu...
On what island is Palermo located?
{ "text": [ "Sicily" ], "answer_start": [ 480 ] }
5729478f6aef051400154c56
Palermo
The city was founded in 734 BC by the Phoenicians as Ziz ('flower'). Palermo then became a possession of Carthage, before becoming part of the Roman Republic, the Roman Empire and eventually part of the Byzantine Empire, for over a thousand years. The Greeks named the city Panormus meaning 'complete port'. From 831 to ...
In what year was Palermo founded?
{ "text": [ "734 BC" ], "answer_start": [ 24 ] }
5729478f6aef051400154c57
Palermo
The city was founded in 734 BC by the Phoenicians as Ziz ('flower'). Palermo then became a possession of Carthage, before becoming part of the Roman Republic, the Roman Empire and eventually part of the Byzantine Empire, for over a thousand years. The Greeks named the city Panormus meaning 'complete port'. From 831 to ...
What name was Palermo originally founded as?
{ "text": [ "Ziz" ], "answer_start": [ 53 ] }
5729478f6aef051400154c58
Palermo
The city was founded in 734 BC by the Phoenicians as Ziz ('flower'). Palermo then became a possession of Carthage, before becoming part of the Roman Republic, the Roman Empire and eventually part of the Byzantine Empire, for over a thousand years. The Greeks named the city Panormus meaning 'complete port'. From 831 to ...
What group of people founded Palermo?
{ "text": [ "the Phoenicians" ], "answer_start": [ 34 ] }
5729478f6aef051400154c59
Palermo
The city was founded in 734 BC by the Phoenicians as Ziz ('flower'). Palermo then became a possession of Carthage, before becoming part of the Roman Republic, the Roman Empire and eventually part of the Byzantine Empire, for over a thousand years. The Greeks named the city Panormus meaning 'complete port'. From 831 to ...
What did the Greeks name Palermo?
{ "text": [ "Panormus" ], "answer_start": [ 274 ] }
5729478f6aef051400154c5a
Palermo
The city was founded in 734 BC by the Phoenicians as Ziz ('flower'). Palermo then became a possession of Carthage, before becoming part of the Roman Republic, the Roman Empire and eventually part of the Byzantine Empire, for over a thousand years. The Greeks named the city Panormus meaning 'complete port'. From 831 to ...
During which years was Palermo ruled by the Arabs?
{ "text": [ "831 to 1072" ], "answer_start": [ 313 ] }
572948523f37b3190047820d
Palermo
Palermo is Sicily's cultural, economic and touristic capital. It is a city rich in history, culture, art, music and food. Numerous tourists are attracted to the city for its good Mediterranean weather, its renowned gastronomy and restaurants, its Romanesque, Gothic and Baroque churches, palaces and buildings, and its n...
What types of churches attract tourists to Palermo?
{ "text": [ "Romanesque, Gothic and Baroque" ], "answer_start": [ 247 ] }
572948523f37b3190047820e
Palermo
Palermo is Sicily's cultural, economic and touristic capital. It is a city rich in history, culture, art, music and food. Numerous tourists are attracted to the city for its good Mediterranean weather, its renowned gastronomy and restaurants, its Romanesque, Gothic and Baroque churches, palaces and buildings, and its n...
Which town is Sicily's primary industrial and commercial center?
{ "text": [ "Palermo" ], "answer_start": [ 340 ] }
572948523f37b3190047820f
Palermo
Palermo is Sicily's cultural, economic and touristic capital. It is a city rich in history, culture, art, music and food. Numerous tourists are attracted to the city for its good Mediterranean weather, its renowned gastronomy and restaurants, its Romanesque, Gothic and Baroque churches, palaces and buildings, and its n...
What are Palermo's four main industrial sectors?
{ "text": [ "tourism, services, commerce and agriculture" ], "answer_start": [ 439 ] }
5729540a1d046914007792b3
Palermo
Palermo is surrounded by mountains, formed of calcar, which form a cirque around the city. Some districts of the city are divided by the mountains themselves. Historically, it was relatively difficult to reach the inner part of Sicily from the city because of the mounts. The tallest peak of the range is La Pizzuta, abo...
What geographic form is Palermo surrounded by?
{ "text": [ "mountains" ], "answer_start": [ 25 ] }
5729540a1d046914007792b4
Palermo
Palermo is surrounded by mountains, formed of calcar, which form a cirque around the city. Some districts of the city are divided by the mountains themselves. Historically, it was relatively difficult to reach the inner part of Sicily from the city because of the mounts. The tallest peak of the range is La Pizzuta, abo...
Which author desribed Monte Pelegrino as "The most beautiful promontory in the world?"
{ "text": [ "Johann Wolfgang von Goethe," ], "answer_start": [ 606 ] }
5729540a1d046914007792b5
Palermo
Palermo is surrounded by mountains, formed of calcar, which form a cirque around the city. Some districts of the city are divided by the mountains themselves. Historically, it was relatively difficult to reach the inner part of Sicily from the city because of the mounts. The tallest peak of the range is La Pizzuta, abo...
Which is the tallest mountain in Sicily?
{ "text": [ "La Pizzuta" ], "answer_start": [ 305 ] }
57295510af94a219006aa2c7
Palermo
Today both the Papireto river and the Kemonia are covered up by buildings. However, the shape of the former watercourses can still be recognised today, because the streets that were built on them follow their shapes. Today the only waterway not drained yet is the Oreto river that divides the downtown of the city from t...
How can former rivers be recognised presently?
{ "text": [ "the streets that were built on them follow their shapes" ], "answer_start": [ 160 ] }
57295510af94a219006aa2c8
Palermo
Today both the Papireto river and the Kemonia are covered up by buildings. However, the shape of the former watercourses can still be recognised today, because the streets that were built on them follow their shapes. Today the only waterway not drained yet is the Oreto river that divides the downtown of the city from t...
What is the only remaining waterway in Palermo?
{ "text": [ "Oreto river" ], "answer_start": [ 264 ] }
57295510af94a219006aa2c9
Palermo
Today both the Papireto river and the Kemonia are covered up by buildings. However, the shape of the former watercourses can still be recognised today, because the streets that were built on them follow their shapes. Today the only waterway not drained yet is the Oreto river that divides the downtown of the city from t...
Which two former rivers in Palermo are currently building sites?
{ "text": [ "Papireto river and the Kemonia" ], "answer_start": [ 15 ] }
57295b78af94a219006aa311
Palermo
During 734 BC the Phoenicians, a sea trading people from the north of ancient Canaan, built a small settlement on the natural harbor of Palermo. Some sources suggest they named the settlement "Ziz." It became one of the three main Phoenician colonies of Sicily, along with Motya and Soluntum. However, the remains of the...
What did Phoenicans name their settlement in 734BC?
{ "text": [ "\"Ziz.\"" ], "answer_start": [ 192 ] }
57295b78af94a219006aa312
Palermo
During 734 BC the Phoenicians, a sea trading people from the north of ancient Canaan, built a small settlement on the natural harbor of Palermo. Some sources suggest they named the settlement "Ziz." It became one of the three main Phoenician colonies of Sicily, along with Motya and Soluntum. However, the remains of the...
Besides Ziz, what other two major settlements belonged to the Phoenicians
{ "text": [ "Motya and Soluntum" ], "answer_start": [ 273 ] }
57295b78af94a219006aa314
Palermo
During 734 BC the Phoenicians, a sea trading people from the north of ancient Canaan, built a small settlement on the natural harbor of Palermo. Some sources suggest they named the settlement "Ziz." It became one of the three main Phoenician colonies of Sicily, along with Motya and Soluntum. However, the remains of the...
What is the current name of the road the Phoenicians used for trading?
{ "text": [ "Corso Calatifimi" ], "answer_start": [ 626 ] }
57295d68af94a219006aa324
Palermo
The first settlement is defined as Paleapolis (Παλεάπολις), the Ancient Greek world for "old city", in order to distinguish it from a second settlement built during the 5th century BC, called Neapolis (Νεάπολις), "new city". The neapolis was erected towards the east and along with it, monumental walls around the whole ...
What were the walls of Neapolis meant to do?
{ "text": [ "prevent attacks from foreign threats" ], "answer_start": [ 345 ] }
57295d68af94a219006aa325
Palermo
The first settlement is defined as Paleapolis (Παλεάπολις), the Ancient Greek world for "old city", in order to distinguish it from a second settlement built during the 5th century BC, called Neapolis (Νεάπολις), "new city". The neapolis was erected towards the east and along with it, monumental walls around the whole ...
Which district was named for the walls surrounding it?
{ "text": [ "Cassaro" ], "answer_start": [ 436 ] }
57295edc6aef051400154d96
Palermo
Carthage was Palermo’s major trading partner under the Phoenicians and the city enjoyed a prolonged peace during this period. Palermo came into contact with the Ancient Greeks between the 6th and the 5th centuries BC which preceded the Sicilian Wars, a conflict fought between the Greeks of Syracuse and the Phoenicians ...
In which War did Greeks and Phoenicians fight over control of Sicily?
{ "text": [ "Sicilian Wars" ], "answer_start": [ 236 ] }
57295edc6aef051400154d98
Palermo
Carthage was Palermo’s major trading partner under the Phoenicians and the city enjoyed a prolonged peace during this period. Palermo came into contact with the Ancient Greeks between the 6th and the 5th centuries BC which preceded the Sicilian Wars, a conflict fought between the Greeks of Syracuse and the Phoenicians ...
Who conquered Panormos and briefly turned it into a Greek colony?
{ "text": [ "Pyrrhus of Epirus" ], "answer_start": [ 975 ] }
57295edc6aef051400154d99
Palermo
Carthage was Palermo’s major trading partner under the Phoenicians and the city enjoyed a prolonged peace during this period. Palermo came into contact with the Ancient Greeks between the 6th and the 5th centuries BC which preceded the Sicilian Wars, a conflict fought between the Greeks of Syracuse and the Phoenicians ...
Why did the Greeks name Palermo Panormos?
{ "text": [ "meaning \"all port\" due to the shape of its coast." ], "answer_start": [ 479 ] }
57295fc51d04691400779343
Palermo
As the Roman Empire was falling apart, Palermo fell under the control of several Germanic tribes. The first were the Vandals in 440 AD under the rule of their king Geiseric. The Vandals had occupied all the Roman provinces in North Africa by 455 establishing themselves as a significant force. They acquired Corsica, Sar...
How had the Vandals earned their strong reputation?
{ "text": [ "occupied all the Roman provinces in North Africa by 455" ], "answer_start": [ 190 ] }
57295fc51d04691400779344
Palermo
As the Roman Empire was falling apart, Palermo fell under the control of several Germanic tribes. The first were the Vandals in 440 AD under the rule of their king Geiseric. The Vandals had occupied all the Roman provinces in North Africa by 455 establishing themselves as a significant force. They acquired Corsica, Sar...
Whom took control of the Vandal's territory after 488?
{ "text": [ "Ostrogoths" ], "answer_start": [ 421 ] }
57295fc51d04691400779345
Palermo
As the Roman Empire was falling apart, Palermo fell under the control of several Germanic tribes. The first were the Vandals in 440 AD under the rule of their king Geiseric. The Vandals had occupied all the Roman provinces in North Africa by 455 establishing themselves as a significant force. They acquired Corsica, Sar...
How was Theodoric different than the Germanic Goths?
{ "text": [ "Theodoric supported Roman culture and government" ], "answer_start": [ 498 ] }
57295fc51d04691400779346
Palermo
As the Roman Empire was falling apart, Palermo fell under the control of several Germanic tribes. The first were the Vandals in 440 AD under the rule of their king Geiseric. The Vandals had occupied all the Roman provinces in North Africa by 455 establishing themselves as a significant force. They acquired Corsica, Sar...
What name was the Eastern Roman Empire also known by?
{ "text": [ "Byzantine Empire" ], "answer_start": [ 671 ] }
57296106af94a219006aa35b
Palermo
The Muslims took control of the Island in 904, after decades of fierce fighting, and the Emirate of Sicily was established. Muslim rule on the island lasted for about 120 years and was marked by cruelty and brutality against the native population, which was reduced into near slavery[clarification needed] and Christian ...
How long did Muslim control of Palermo last?
{ "text": [ "120 years" ], "answer_start": [ 167 ] }
57296106af94a219006aa35c
Palermo
The Muslims took control of the Island in 904, after decades of fierce fighting, and the Emirate of Sicily was established. Muslim rule on the island lasted for about 120 years and was marked by cruelty and brutality against the native population, which was reduced into near slavery[clarification needed] and Christian ...
What did the Arabs introduce that continues to be relevant to Palermo's culture today?
{ "text": [ "agricultural crops" ], "answer_start": [ 690 ] }
57296106af94a219006aa35d
Palermo
The Muslims took control of the Island in 904, after decades of fierce fighting, and the Emirate of Sicily was established. Muslim rule on the island lasted for about 120 years and was marked by cruelty and brutality against the native population, which was reduced into near slavery[clarification needed] and Christian ...
How were the indigenous Palermo population treated under Muslim rule?
{ "text": [ "reduced into near slavery" ], "answer_start": [ 258 ] }
572961c26aef051400154dca
Palermo
After dynastic quarrels however, there was a Christian reconquest in 1072. The family who returned the city to Christianity were called the Hautevilles, including Robert Guiscard and his army, who is regarded as a hero by the natives. It was under Roger II of Sicily that Norman holdings in Sicily and the southern part ...
Who is considered a hero by natives for ending Muslim control of Palermo?
{ "text": [ "Robert Guiscard" ], "answer_start": [ 163 ] }
572961c26aef051400154dcb
Palermo
After dynastic quarrels however, there was a Christian reconquest in 1072. The family who returned the city to Christianity were called the Hautevilles, including Robert Guiscard and his army, who is regarded as a hero by the natives. It was under Roger II of Sicily that Norman holdings in Sicily and the southern part ...
What was the family name who returned Palermo to Christianity after reconquest in 1072?
{ "text": [ "Hautevilles" ], "answer_start": [ 140 ] }
572961c26aef051400154dcc
Palermo
After dynastic quarrels however, there was a Christian reconquest in 1072. The family who returned the city to Christianity were called the Hautevilles, including Robert Guiscard and his army, who is regarded as a hero by the natives. It was under Roger II of Sicily that Norman holdings in Sicily and the southern part ...
Where was the Kings Court held in the Kingdom of Sicily?
{ "text": [ "Palazzo dei Normanni" ], "answer_start": [ 482 ] }
572961c26aef051400154dcd
Palermo
After dynastic quarrels however, there was a Christian reconquest in 1072. The family who returned the city to Christianity were called the Hautevilles, including Robert Guiscard and his army, who is regarded as a hero by the natives. It was under Roger II of Sicily that Norman holdings in Sicily and the southern part ...
How did the Kingdom of Sicily compare monetarily with the other European staes?
{ "text": [ "one of the wealthiest states in Europe" ], "answer_start": [ 629 ] }
572962d53f37b319004782ff
Palermo
Sicily fell under the control of the Holy Roman Empire in 1194. Palermo was the preferred city of the Emperor Frederick II. Muslims of Palermo emigrated or were expelled during Holy Roman rule. After an interval of Angevin rule (1266–1282), Sicily came under control of the Aragon and Barcelona dynasties. By 1330, Paler...
What year did Sicily become ruled by the Holy Roman Empire?
{ "text": [ "1194" ], "answer_start": [ 58 ] }
572962d53f37b31900478300
Palermo
Sicily fell under the control of the Holy Roman Empire in 1194. Palermo was the preferred city of the Emperor Frederick II. Muslims of Palermo emigrated or were expelled during Holy Roman rule. After an interval of Angevin rule (1266–1282), Sicily came under control of the Aragon and Barcelona dynasties. By 1330, Paler...
What happened to Muslims during Holy Roman rule?
{ "text": [ "emigrated or were expelled" ], "answer_start": [ 143 ] }
572962d53f37b31900478301
Palermo
Sicily fell under the control of the Holy Roman Empire in 1194. Palermo was the preferred city of the Emperor Frederick II. Muslims of Palermo emigrated or were expelled during Holy Roman rule. After an interval of Angevin rule (1266–1282), Sicily came under control of the Aragon and Barcelona dynasties. By 1330, Paler...
What was Palermos population in 1330?
{ "text": [ "51,000" ], "answer_start": [ 352 ] }
572962d53f37b31900478302
Palermo
Sicily fell under the control of the Holy Roman Empire in 1194. Palermo was the preferred city of the Emperor Frederick II. Muslims of Palermo emigrated or were expelled during Holy Roman rule. After an interval of Angevin rule (1266–1282), Sicily came under control of the Aragon and Barcelona dynasties. By 1330, Paler...
During what years did Austria rule Palermo?
{ "text": [ "1720 and 1734" ], "answer_start": [ 605 ] }
572963fb3f37b31900478317
Palermo
After the Treaty of Utrecht (1713), Sicily was handed over to the Savoia, but by 1734 it was again a Bourbon possession. Charles III chose Palermo for his coronation as King of Sicily. Charles had new houses built for the growing population, while trade and industry grew as well. However, by now Palermo was now just an...
After what treaty did Savoia gain control of Italy?
{ "text": [ "Treaty of Utrecht (1713)" ], "answer_start": [ 10 ] }
572963fb3f37b31900478318
Palermo
After the Treaty of Utrecht (1713), Sicily was handed over to the Savoia, but by 1734 it was again a Bourbon possession. Charles III chose Palermo for his coronation as King of Sicily. Charles had new houses built for the growing population, while trade and industry grew as well. However, by now Palermo was now just an...
For what event did Charles III choose Sicily as the location?
{ "text": [ "his coronation" ], "answer_start": [ 151 ] }
572963fb3f37b31900478319
Palermo
After the Treaty of Utrecht (1713), Sicily was handed over to the Savoia, but by 1734 it was again a Bourbon possession. Charles III chose Palermo for his coronation as King of Sicily. Charles had new houses built for the growing population, while trade and industry grew as well. However, by now Palermo was now just an...
Where did the Royal Court reside?
{ "text": [ "Naples" ], "answer_start": [ 690 ] }
572963fb3f37b3190047831a
Palermo
After the Treaty of Utrecht (1713), Sicily was handed over to the Savoia, but by 1734 it was again a Bourbon possession. Charles III chose Palermo for his coronation as King of Sicily. Charles had new houses built for the growing population, while trade and industry grew as well. However, by now Palermo was now just an...
Where did the capital city move in 1817?
{ "text": [ "Naples" ], "answer_start": [ 690 ] }
572963fb3f37b3190047831b
Palermo
After the Treaty of Utrecht (1713), Sicily was handed over to the Savoia, but by 1734 it was again a Bourbon possession. Charles III chose Palermo for his coronation as King of Sicily. Charles had new houses built for the growing population, while trade and industry grew as well. However, by now Palermo was now just an...
Whose son died on the way to Palermo and is buried there?
{ "text": [ "Charles III" ], "answer_start": [ 121 ] }
5729651f6aef051400154df8
Palermo
From 1820 to 1848 Sicily was shaken by upheavals, which culminated on 12 January 1848, with a popular insurrection, the first one in Europe that year, led by Giuseppe La Masa. A parliament and constitution were proclaimed. The first president was Ruggero Settimo. The Bourbons reconquered Palermo in 1849, and remained u...
Who led the first insurrection in Europe in 1848?
{ "text": [ "Giuseppe La Masa" ], "answer_start": [ 158 ] }
5729651f6aef051400154df9
Palermo
From 1820 to 1848 Sicily was shaken by upheavals, which culminated on 12 January 1848, with a popular insurrection, the first one in Europe that year, led by Giuseppe La Masa. A parliament and constitution were proclaimed. The first president was Ruggero Settimo. The Bourbons reconquered Palermo in 1849, and remained u...
Who was the first president of Palermo?
{ "text": [ "Ruggero Settimo" ], "answer_start": [ 247 ] }
5729651f6aef051400154dfa
Palermo
From 1820 to 1848 Sicily was shaken by upheavals, which culminated on 12 January 1848, with a popular insurrection, the first one in Europe that year, led by Giuseppe La Masa. A parliament and constitution were proclaimed. The first president was Ruggero Settimo. The Bourbons reconquered Palermo in 1849, and remained u...
Who regained control of Palermo in 1849?
{ "text": [ "The Bourbons" ], "answer_start": [ 264 ] }
5729651f6aef051400154dfb
Palermo
From 1820 to 1848 Sicily was shaken by upheavals, which culminated on 12 January 1848, with a popular insurrection, the first one in Europe that year, led by Giuseppe La Masa. A parliament and constitution were proclaimed. The first president was Ruggero Settimo. The Bourbons reconquered Palermo in 1849, and remained u...
Sicily and Palermo became part of what Kingdom in 1861?
{ "text": [ "Kingdom of Italy" ], "answer_start": [ 559 ] }
5729667c3f37b3190047833b
Palermo
The majority of Sicilians preferred independence to the Savoia kingdom; in 1866, Palermo became the seat of a week-long popular rebellion, which was finally crushed after Martial law was declared. The Italian government blamed anarchists and the Church, specifically the Archbishop of Palermo, for the rebellion and bega...
Who was blamed for the week long rebellion of 1866?
{ "text": [ "anarchists and the Church, specifically the Archbishop of Palermo" ], "answer_start": [ 227 ] }
5729667c3f37b3190047833d
Palermo
The majority of Sicilians preferred independence to the Savoia kingdom; in 1866, Palermo became the seat of a week-long popular rebellion, which was finally crushed after Martial law was declared. The Italian government blamed anarchists and the Church, specifically the Archbishop of Palermo, for the rebellion and bega...
In what style were the villas in the new expanded Palermo?
{ "text": [ "Art Nouveau" ], "answer_start": [ 793 ] }
5729667c3f37b3190047833e
Palermo
The majority of Sicilians preferred independence to the Savoia kingdom; in 1866, Palermo became the seat of a week-long popular rebellion, which was finally crushed after Martial law was declared. The Italian government blamed anarchists and the Church, specifically the Archbishop of Palermo, for the rebellion and bega...
Which theatre was designed by Giovan Battista Filippo Basile ans opened in 1897?
{ "text": [ "Teatro Massimo" ], "answer_start": [ 1013 ] }
5729684b6aef051400154e32
Palermo
Palermo experiences a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification: Csa). Winters are cool and wet, while summers are hot and dry. Temperatures in autumn and spring are usually mild. Palermo is one of the warmest cities in Europe (mainly due to its warm nights), with an average annual air temperature...
What is Palermo's climate classification?
{ "text": [ "hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification: Csa)." ], "answer_start": [ 22 ] }
5729684b6aef051400154e33
Palermo
Palermo experiences a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification: Csa). Winters are cool and wet, while summers are hot and dry. Temperatures in autumn and spring are usually mild. Palermo is one of the warmest cities in Europe (mainly due to its warm nights), with an average annual air temperature...
How do Palermo's temperatures compare to the rest of Europe?
{ "text": [ "one of the warmest cities in Europe" ], "answer_start": [ 213 ] }
5729684b6aef051400154e34
Palermo
Palermo experiences a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification: Csa). Winters are cool and wet, while summers are hot and dry. Temperatures in autumn and spring are usually mild. Palermo is one of the warmest cities in Europe (mainly due to its warm nights), with an average annual air temperature...
How many did snow fall in Palermo between 1940and the 2000s?
{ "text": [ "eleven" ], "answer_start": [ 756 ] }
5729684b6aef051400154e35
Palermo
Palermo experiences a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification: Csa). Winters are cool and wet, while summers are hot and dry. Temperatures in autumn and spring are usually mild. Palermo is one of the warmest cities in Europe (mainly due to its warm nights), with an average annual air temperature...
How much sun does Palermo see each year?
{ "text": [ "2,530 hours" ], "answer_start": [ 369 ] }
5729690daf94a219006aa3b8
Palermo
Palermo has at least 2 circuits of City Walls - many pieces of which still survive. The first circuit surrounded the ancient core of the punic City - the so-called Palaeopolis (in the area east of Porta Nuova) and the Neopolis. Via Vittorio Emanuele was the main road east-west through this early walled city. The easter...
What was the name of the primary east-west road within the walls of Palaeopolis?
{ "text": [ "Via Vittorio Emanuele" ], "answer_start": [ 228 ] }
5729690daf94a219006aa3b9
Palermo
Palermo has at least 2 circuits of City Walls - many pieces of which still survive. The first circuit surrounded the ancient core of the punic City - the so-called Palaeopolis (in the area east of Porta Nuova) and the Neopolis. Via Vittorio Emanuele was the main road east-west through this early walled city. The easter...
On what road was the eastern edge of the walled city?
{ "text": [ "Via Roma" ], "answer_start": [ 353 ] }
572969a16aef051400154e3a
Palermo
In the medieval period the wall circuit was expanded. Via Vittorio Emanuele continued to be the main road east-west through the walled city. West gate was still Porta Nuova, the circuit continued to Corso Alberti, to Piazza Vittorio Emanuele Orlando where it turned east along Via Volturno to Piazza Verdi and along the ...
What was the purpose of Castello a Mare?
{ "text": [ "to protect the port at La Cala" ], "answer_start": [ 404 ] }
572969a16aef051400154e3b
Palermo
In the medieval period the wall circuit was expanded. Via Vittorio Emanuele continued to be the main road east-west through the walled city. West gate was still Porta Nuova, the circuit continued to Corso Alberti, to Piazza Vittorio Emanuele Orlando where it turned east along Via Volturno to Piazza Verdi and along the ...
What was used to block passage through the La Cala port?
{ "text": [ "A huge chain" ], "answer_start": [ 436 ] }
572969a16aef051400154e3c
Palermo
In the medieval period the wall circuit was expanded. Via Vittorio Emanuele continued to be the main road east-west through the walled city. West gate was still Porta Nuova, the circuit continued to Corso Alberti, to Piazza Vittorio Emanuele Orlando where it turned east along Via Volturno to Piazza Verdi and along the ...
During which historical period was the wall circuit expanded?
{ "text": [ "medieval" ], "answer_start": [ 7 ] }
57296a8baf94a219006aa3cd
Palermo
The cathedral has a heliometer (solar "observatory") of 1690, one of a number built in Italy in the 17th and 18th centuries. The device itself is quite simple: a tiny hole in one of the minor domes acts as pinhole camera, projecting an image of the sun onto the floor at solar noon (12:00 in winter, 13:00 in summer). Th...
What is a heliometer?
{ "text": [ "solar \"observatory\"" ], "answer_start": [ 32 ] }
57296a8baf94a219006aa3ce
Palermo
The cathedral has a heliometer (solar "observatory") of 1690, one of a number built in Italy in the 17th and 18th centuries. The device itself is quite simple: a tiny hole in one of the minor domes acts as pinhole camera, projecting an image of the sun onto the floor at solar noon (12:00 in winter, 13:00 in summer). Th...
What name is given to the bronze line on the floor of a heliometer?
{ "text": [ "la Meridiana" ], "answer_start": [ 342 ] }
57296a8baf94a219006aa3cf
Palermo
The cathedral has a heliometer (solar "observatory") of 1690, one of a number built in Italy in the 17th and 18th centuries. The device itself is quite simple: a tiny hole in one of the minor domes acts as pinhole camera, projecting an image of the sun onto the floor at solar noon (12:00 in winter, 13:00 in summer). Th...
Which direction does la Meridiana run?
{ "text": [ "precisely N/S" ], "answer_start": [ 377 ] }
57296a8baf94a219006aa3d0
Palermo
The cathedral has a heliometer (solar "observatory") of 1690, one of a number built in Italy in the 17th and 18th centuries. The device itself is quite simple: a tiny hole in one of the minor domes acts as pinhole camera, projecting an image of the sun onto the floor at solar noon (12:00 in winter, 13:00 in summer). Th...
What image is projected on the floor of the heliometer?
{ "text": [ "the sun" ], "answer_start": [ 245 ] }
57296dbf1d0469140077942d
Palermo
In 2010, there were 1.2 million people living in the greater Palermo area, 655,875 of which resided in the City boundaries, of whom 47.4% were male and 52.6% were female. People under age 15 totalled 15.6% compared to pensioners who composed 17.2% of the population. This compares with the Italian average of 14.1% peopl...
How many people were living in the Palermo area in 2010?
{ "text": [ "1.2 million" ], "answer_start": [ 20 ] }
57296dbf1d0469140077942e
Palermo
In 2010, there were 1.2 million people living in the greater Palermo area, 655,875 of which resided in the City boundaries, of whom 47.4% were male and 52.6% were female. People under age 15 totalled 15.6% compared to pensioners who composed 17.2% of the population. This compares with the Italian average of 14.1% peopl...
What percentage of Palermo residents were female in 2010?
{ "text": [ "52.6%" ], "answer_start": [ 152 ] }
57296dbf1d0469140077942f
Palermo
In 2010, there were 1.2 million people living in the greater Palermo area, 655,875 of which resided in the City boundaries, of whom 47.4% were male and 52.6% were female. People under age 15 totalled 15.6% compared to pensioners who composed 17.2% of the population. This compares with the Italian average of 14.1% peopl...
What is the average age of a Palermo resident?
{ "text": [ "40.4" ], "answer_start": [ 400 ] }
57296dbf1d04691400779430
Palermo
In 2010, there were 1.2 million people living in the greater Palermo area, 655,875 of which resided in the City boundaries, of whom 47.4% were male and 52.6% were female. People under age 15 totalled 15.6% compared to pensioners who composed 17.2% of the population. This compares with the Italian average of 14.1% peopl...
Why has Palermo's population declined from 2001 to 2010?
{ "text": [ "population flight to the suburbs" ], "answer_start": [ 625 ] }
57296e256aef051400154e72
Palermo
Being Sicily's administrative capital, Palermo is a centre for much of the region's finance, tourism and commerce. The city currently hosts an international airport, and Palermo's economic growth over the years has brought the opening of many new businesses. The economy mainly relies on tourism and services, but also h...
On what does Palermo's economy rely?
{ "text": [ "tourism and services, but also has commerce, shipbuilding and agriculture" ], "answer_start": [ 288 ] }
57296e256aef051400154e73
Palermo
Being Sicily's administrative capital, Palermo is a centre for much of the region's finance, tourism and commerce. The city currently hosts an international airport, and Palermo's economic growth over the years has brought the opening of many new businesses. The economy mainly relies on tourism and services, but also h...
Palermo is the home of what mafia?
{ "text": [ "the Sicilian Mafia" ], "answer_start": [ 499 ] }
57296e256aef051400154e74
Palermo
Being Sicily's administrative capital, Palermo is a centre for much of the region's finance, tourism and commerce. The city currently hosts an international airport, and Palermo's economic growth over the years has brought the opening of many new businesses. The economy mainly relies on tourism and services, but also h...
Has the level of crime in Palermo risen or declined?
{ "text": [ "gone down dramatically" ], "answer_start": [ 664 ] }
57296e83af94a219006aa3ef
Palermo
The port of Palermo, founded by the Phoenicians over 2,700 years ago, is, together with the port of Messina, the main port of Sicily. From here ferries link Palermo to Cagliari, Genoa, Livorno, Naples, Tunis and other cities and carry a total of almost 2 million passengers annually. It is also an important port for cru...
Which port is Sicily's primary port?
{ "text": [ "The port of Palermo" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
57296e83af94a219006aa3f0
Palermo
The port of Palermo, founded by the Phoenicians over 2,700 years ago, is, together with the port of Messina, the main port of Sicily. From here ferries link Palermo to Cagliari, Genoa, Livorno, Naples, Tunis and other cities and carry a total of almost 2 million passengers annually. It is also an important port for cru...
How many passengers travel by Palermo ferry annually?
{ "text": [ "2 million" ], "answer_start": [ 253 ] }
57296fea6aef051400154eac
Palermo
The port of Palermo, founded by the Phoenicians over 2,700 years ago, is, together with the port of Messina, the main port of Sicily. From here ferries link Palermo to Cagliari, Genoa, Livorno, Naples, Tunis and other cities and carry a total of almost 2 million passengers annually. It is also an important port for cru...
How many passengers do Palermo's ferries carry each year?
{ "text": [ "2 million" ], "answer_start": [ 253 ] }
57296fea6aef051400154ead
Palermo
The port of Palermo, founded by the Phoenicians over 2,700 years ago, is, together with the port of Messina, the main port of Sicily. From here ferries link Palermo to Cagliari, Genoa, Livorno, Naples, Tunis and other cities and carry a total of almost 2 million passengers annually. It is also an important port for cru...
For what is the "tourist marina" dedicated?
{ "text": [ "sailing yachts and catamarans" ], "answer_start": [ 598 ] }
57296fea6aef051400154eae
Palermo
The port of Palermo, founded by the Phoenicians over 2,700 years ago, is, together with the port of Messina, the main port of Sicily. From here ferries link Palermo to Cagliari, Genoa, Livorno, Naples, Tunis and other cities and carry a total of almost 2 million passengers annually. It is also an important port for cru...
What cities do the ferries of Palermo travel to?
{ "text": [ "Cagliari, Genoa, Livorno, Naples, Tunis" ], "answer_start": [ 168 ] }
572970446aef051400154eb2
Palermo
The patron saint of Palermo is Santa Rosalia, who is widely revered. On 14 July, people in Palermo celebrate the annual Festino, the most important religious event of the year. The Festino is a procession which goes through the main street of Palermo to commemorate the miracle attributed to Santa Rosalia who, it is bel...
Who is the popular patron saint of Palermo?
{ "text": [ "Santa Rosalia" ], "answer_start": [ 31 ] }
572970446aef051400154eb3
Palermo
The patron saint of Palermo is Santa Rosalia, who is widely revered. On 14 July, people in Palermo celebrate the annual Festino, the most important religious event of the year. The Festino is a procession which goes through the main street of Palermo to commemorate the miracle attributed to Santa Rosalia who, it is bel...
When is Palermo's most important religious event of the year held?
{ "text": [ "14 July" ], "answer_start": [ 72 ] }
572970446aef051400154eb4
Palermo
The patron saint of Palermo is Santa Rosalia, who is widely revered. On 14 July, people in Palermo celebrate the annual Festino, the most important religious event of the year. The Festino is a procession which goes through the main street of Palermo to commemorate the miracle attributed to Santa Rosalia who, it is bel...
Who is said to have ended the Black Death in 1624?
{ "text": [ "Santa Rosalia" ], "answer_start": [ 292 ] }
5729604faf94a219006aa341
Green
The modern English word green comes from the Middle English and Anglo-Saxon word grene, from the same Germanic root as the words "grass" and "grow". It is the color of living grass and leaves and as a result is the color most associated with springtime, growth and nature. By far the largest contributor to green in natu...
What, in nature, is most likely to make things green?
{ "text": [ "chlorophyll" ], "answer_start": [ 326 ] }
5729604faf94a219006aa342
Green
The modern English word green comes from the Middle English and Anglo-Saxon word grene, from the same Germanic root as the words "grass" and "grow". It is the color of living grass and leaves and as a result is the color most associated with springtime, growth and nature. By far the largest contributor to green in natu...
For what do some animals use the color green?
{ "text": [ "camouflage" ], "answer_start": [ 522 ] }
5729604faf94a219006aa343
Green
The modern English word green comes from the Middle English and Anglo-Saxon word grene, from the same Germanic root as the words "grass" and "grow". It is the color of living grass and leaves and as a result is the color most associated with springtime, growth and nature. By far the largest contributor to green in natu...
What chemical causes emeralds to be green?
{ "text": [ "chromium" ], "answer_start": [ 624 ] }
5729604faf94a219006aa344
Green
The modern English word green comes from the Middle English and Anglo-Saxon word grene, from the same Germanic root as the words "grass" and "grow". It is the color of living grass and leaves and as a result is the color most associated with springtime, growth and nature. By far the largest contributor to green in natu...
From which Middle English and Anglo-Saxon word is green derived?
{ "text": [ "grene" ], "answer_start": [ 81 ] }
572961606aef051400154dba
Green
In surveys made in Europe and the United States, green is the color most commonly associated with nature, life, health, youth, spring, hope and envy. In Europe and the U.S. green is sometimes associated with death (green has several seemingly contrary associations), sickness, or the devil, but in China its associations...
What is green a symbol of in China?
{ "text": [ "fertility and happiness" ], "answer_start": [ 357 ] }
572961606aef051400154dbb
Green
In surveys made in Europe and the United States, green is the color most commonly associated with nature, life, health, youth, spring, hope and envy. In Europe and the U.S. green is sometimes associated with death (green has several seemingly contrary associations), sickness, or the devil, but in China its associations...
In the Middle Ages, which color was associated with merchants, bankers, and the gentry?
{ "text": [ "green" ], "answer_start": [ 479 ] }
572961606aef051400154dbc
Green
In surveys made in Europe and the United States, green is the color most commonly associated with nature, life, health, youth, spring, hope and envy. In Europe and the U.S. green is sometimes associated with death (green has several seemingly contrary associations), sickness, or the devil, but in China its associations...
What does the Mona Lisa wearing green symbolize?
{ "text": [ "she is not from a noble family" ], "answer_start": [ 629 ] }
572961606aef051400154dbd
Green
In surveys made in Europe and the United States, green is the color most commonly associated with nature, life, health, youth, spring, hope and envy. In Europe and the U.S. green is sometimes associated with death (green has several seemingly contrary associations), sickness, or the devil, but in China its associations...
What does the color green represent in the flags of Islamic countries?
{ "text": [ "lush vegetation of Paradise" ], "answer_start": [ 1077 ] }
572961606aef051400154dbe
Green
In surveys made in Europe and the United States, green is the color most commonly associated with nature, life, health, youth, spring, hope and envy. In Europe and the U.S. green is sometimes associated with death (green has several seemingly contrary associations), sickness, or the devil, but in China its associations...
Why is green the color of the environmental movement?
{ "text": [ "its association with nature" ], "answer_start": [ 1220 ] }
572962eb1d0469140077937f
Green
Thus, the languages mentioned above (Germanic, Romance, Slavic, Greek) have old terms for "green" which are derived from words for fresh, sprouting vegetation. However, comparative linguistics makes clear that these terms were coined independently, over the past few millennia, and there is no identifiable single Proto-...
Germanic, Romance, Slavic, and Greek all has old terms for "green" which are derived from words for what?
{ "text": [ "fresh, sprouting vegetation" ], "answer_start": [ 131 ] }
572962eb1d04691400779380
Green
Thus, the languages mentioned above (Germanic, Romance, Slavic, Greek) have old terms for "green" which are derived from words for fresh, sprouting vegetation. However, comparative linguistics makes clear that these terms were coined independently, over the past few millennia, and there is no identifiable single Proto-...
How were the terms for "green" derived in the Germanic, Romance, Slavic, and Greek languages?
{ "text": [ "independently" ], "answer_start": [ 234 ] }
572962eb1d04691400779381
Green
Thus, the languages mentioned above (Germanic, Romance, Slavic, Greek) have old terms for "green" which are derived from words for fresh, sprouting vegetation. However, comparative linguistics makes clear that these terms were coined independently, over the past few millennia, and there is no identifiable single Proto-...
Which language has a word for "green" that is comparable to a Mongolian word for "meadow"?
{ "text": [ "Turkic" ], "answer_start": [ 445 ] }